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Baina MT, Djontu JC, Lissom A, Doulamo NVA, Umuhoza DM, Ntabi JDM, Vouvoungui CJ, Boumpoutou RK, Mayela J, Diafouka-Kietela S, Nguimbi E, Ntoumi F. Plasmodium falciparum msp-1 and msp-2 genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection in isolates from Congolese patients in the Republic of Congo. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2433-2443. [PMID: 37624380 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
With limited up to date data from the Republic of Congo, the aim of this study was to investigate allelic polymorphism of merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) and merozoite surface protein-2 (msp-2). This will help assess the genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection (MOI), from uncomplicated malaria individuals living in Brazzaville. Between March and October 2021, a cross-sectional study was carried out at a health center in Madibou District located in the south of Brazzaville. Plasmodium infection was diagnosed in human blood by microscopy and the block 2 of P. falciparum msp-1 and block 3 of msp-2 genes were genotyped by nested PCR. Overall, 57 genotypes with fragment sizes ranging from 110 to 410 bp were recorded for msp-1, among which 25, 21, and 11 genotypes identified for K1, MAD20, and RO33 allelic families respectively. RO33 (34.3%) and MAD20 (34.3%) allelic families were more frequent compared to K1 (31.4%) although the difference was not statistically significant. Also, 47 msp-2 genotypes were identified, including 26 FC27 genotypes type, and 21 genotypes belonging to the 3D7 allelic family. FC27 was more frequent (52.3%) compared to 3D7 (47.7%). The prevalence of the polyclonal infection was 90.0% while the MOI was 2.90 ± 1.0. The MOI and polyclonal infection were not significantly associated with the parasitaemia and anaemia. This study reveals a high genetic diversity and the trend of increasing MOI of P. falciparum isolates from the south of Brazzaville, compared to the reports from the same setting before the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Tapsou Baina
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
| | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Naura Veil Assioro Doulamo
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Dieu Merci Umuhoza
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Jacque Dollon Mbama Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Christevy Jeanney Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Jolivet Mayela
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Baina MT, Lissom A, Assioro Doulamo NV, Djontu JC, Umuhoza DM, Mbama-Ntabi JD, Diafouka-Kietela S, Mayela J, Missontsa G, Wondji C, Adegnika AA, Nguimbi E, Borrmann S, Ntoumi F. Comparative study of Plasmodium falciparum msp-1 and msp-2 Genetic Diversity in Isolates from Rural and Urban Areas in the South of Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050742. [PMID: 37242412 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the genes encoding the merozoite surface proteins msp-1 and msp-2 are widely used markers for characterizing the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum. This study aimed to compare the genetic diversity of circulating parasite strains in rural and urban settings in the Republic of Congo after the introduction of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) in 2006. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to September 2021 in rural and urban areas close to Brazzaville, during which Plasmodium infection was detected using microscopy (and nested-PCR for submicroscopic infection). The genes coding for merozoite proteins-1 and -2 were genotyped by allele-specific nested PCR. Totals of 397 (72.4%) and 151 (27.6%) P. falciparum isolates were collected in rural and urban areas, respectively. The K1/msp-1 and FC27/msp-2 allelic families were predominant both in rural (39% and 64%, respectively) and urban (45.4% and 54.5% respectively) areas. The multiplicity of infection (MOI) was higher (p = 0.0006) in rural areas (2.9) compared to urban settings (2.4). The rainy season and the positive microscopic infection were associated with an increase in MOI. These findings reveal a higher P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI in the rural setting of the Republic of Congo, which is influenced by the season and the participant clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Tapsou Baina
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Abel Lissom
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili P.O. Box 39, Cameroon
| | - Naura Veil Assioro Doulamo
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Jean Claude Djontu
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Dieu Merci Umuhoza
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Jacques Dollon Mbama-Ntabi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Steve Diafouka-Kietela
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Jolivet Mayela
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Georges Missontsa
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Charles Wondji
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), Centre Region, Yaoundé P.O. Box 13501, Cameroon
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA Liverpool, UK
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP242, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Etienne Nguimbi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
| | - Steffen Borrmann
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné BP242, Gabon
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise Pour la Recherche Médicale, Villa D6-Cité OMS-Djoué, Brazzaville BP69, Brazzaville BP69, Congo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
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Simpson SV, Nundu SS, Arima H, Kaneko O, Mita T, Culleton R, Yamamoto T. The diversity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Malar J 2023; 22:102. [PMID: 36941587 PMCID: PMC10025789 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding Plasmodium falciparum population diversity and transmission dynamics provides information on the intensity of malaria transmission, which is needed for assessing malaria control interventions. This study aimed to determine P. falciparum allelic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) among asymptomatic and symptomatic school-age children in Kinshasa Province, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). METHODS A total of 438 DNA samples (248 asymptomatic and 190 symptomatic) were characterized by nested PCR and genotyping the polymorphic regions of pfmsp1 block 2 and pfmsp2 block 3. RESULTS Nine allele types were observed in pfmsp1 block2. The K1-type allele was predominant with 78% (229/293) prevalence, followed by the MAD20-type allele (52%, 152/293) and RO33-type allele (44%, 129/293). Twelve alleles were detected in pfmsp2, and the 3D7-type allele was the most frequent with 84% (256/304) prevalence, followed by the FC27-type allele (66%, 201/304). Polyclonal infections were detected in 63% (95% CI 56, 69) of the samples, and the MOI (SD) was 1.99 (0.97) in P. falciparum single-species infections. MOIs significantly increased in P. falciparum isolates from symptomatic parasite carriers compared with asymptomatic carriers (2.24 versus 1.69, adjusted b: 0.36, (95% CI 0.01, 0.72), p = 0.046) and parasitaemia > 10,000 parasites/µL compared to parasitaemia < 5000 parasites/µL (2.68 versus 1.63, adjusted b: 0.89, (95% CI 0.46, 1.25), p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This survey showed low allelic diversity and MOI of P. falciparum, which reflects a moderate intensity of malaria transmission in the study areas. MOIs were more likely to be common in symptomatic infections and increased with the parasitaemia level. Further studies in different transmission zones are needed to understand the epidemiology and parasite complexity in the DRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley V Simpson
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sabin S Nundu
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa-Gombe, Democratic Republic of Congo.
| | - Hiroaki Arima
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaneko
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Mita
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Richard Culleton
- Department of Protozoology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Centre, Ehime University, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Taro Yamamoto
- Programme for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Proteins Polymorphisms and Treatment Outcomes among Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in Mwanza, Tanzania. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:5089143. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5089143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The severity of malaria infection depends on the host, parasite and environmental factors. Merozoite surface protein (msp) diversity determines transmission dynamics, P. falciparum immunity evasion, and pathogenesis or virulence. There is limited updated information on P. falciparum msp polymorphisms and their impact on artemether-lumefantrine treatment outcomes in Tanzania. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining msp genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) among P. falciparum malaria patients. The influence of MOI on peripheral parasite clearance and adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was also assessed. Methods. Parasite DNA was extracted from dried blood spots according to the manufacture’s protocol. Primary and nested PCR were performed. The PCR products for both the block 2 region of msp1 and the block 3 regions of msp2 genes and their specific allelic families were visualized on a 2.5% agarose gel. Results. The majority of the isolates, 58/102 (58.8%) for msp1 and 69/115 (60.1%) for msp2, harboured more than one parasite genotypes. For the msp1 gene, K1 was the predominant allele observed (75.64%), whereas RO33 occurred at the lowest frequency (43.6%). For the msp2 gene, the 3D7 allele was observed at a higher frequency (81.7%) than the FC27 allele (76.9%). The MOIs were 2.44 for msp1 and 2.27 for msp2 (
). A significant correlation between age and multiplicity of infection (MOI) for msp1 or MOI for msp2 was not established in this study (rho = 0.074,
and rho = −0.129,
, respectively). Similarly, there was no positive correlation between parasite density at day 1 and MOI for both msp1 (rho = 0.113,
) and msp2 (rho = 0.043,
). The association between MOI and ACPR was not observed for either msp1 or mps2 (
and 0.296, respectively). Conclusions. This study reports high polyclonal infections, MOI and allelic frequencies for both msp1 and msp2. There was a lack of correlation between MOI and ACPR. However, a borderline significant correlation was observed between day 2 parasitaemia and MOI.
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Pembet Singana B, Casimiro PN, Matondo Diassivi B, Kobawila SC, Youndouka JM, Basco LK, Ringwald P, Briolant S, Ndounga M. Prevalence of malaria among febrile patients and assessment of efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine for uncomplicated malaria in Dolisie, Republic of the Congo. Malar J 2022; 21:137. [PMID: 35501861 PMCID: PMC9063077 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Republic of the Congo, malaria represents a major public health problem affecting all age groups. A regular surveillance of the current efficacy of first-line anti-malarial drugs is required in the face of possible emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains in Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria among febrile patients of all ages and assess the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) in Congolese children. METHODS Febrile patients of all ages were initially screened for malaria by both rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy. Patients less than 12 years of age, with parasitaemia ≥ 1000 asexual parasites of P. falciparum/µL of blood, without any signs of severity, were enrolled in a therapeutic efficacy study and treated after obtaining their parents' (or legal guardian's) informed consent in two health centres in Dolisie. The patients were followed for 28 days in accordance with the 2009 World Health Organization standard protocol. If parasitaemia reappeared on or after day 7, the genetic profiles (genes expressing merozoite surface protein-1 [msp1], merozoite surface protein-2 [msp2], and glutamine-rich protein [glurp]) of pre-treatment and post-treatment isolates were compared by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by capillary electrophoresis to make a distinction between recrudescence and re-infection. The clinical and parasitological outcome was analysed by the per-protocol method and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS A total of 994 febrile patients of all ages were screened by RDT and microscopy. Of 994 patients, 323 (32.5%) presented a positive RDT, and 266 (26.8%) were microscopy-positive. Based on microscopy as the reference diagnostic method, the sensitivity and the specificity of the RDT were 98.9 and 91.8%, respectively. The Cohen's kappa coefficient was 0.86. A total of 121 children aged less than 12 years (61 in AL treatment group and 60 in ASAQ treatment group) were included in therapeutic efficacy study. Before PCR correction, the proportions of adequate clinical and parasitological response were 96.6% for AL and 86.0% for ASAQ in the per-protocol population (P < 0.05). The PCR-corrected efficacy rates were 98.2% and 94.2% for AL and ASAQ, respectively (P > 0.05). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS AL and ASAQ remain highly effective for the first-line treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Dolisie. Despite high efficacy of first- and second-line treatment, there is a continuing need to scale up effective malaria preventive interventions and vector control strategies in the country. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12616001422415.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Pembet Singana
- grid.442828.00000 0001 0943 7362Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69 Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Prisca Nadine Casimiro
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Simon Charles Kobawila
- grid.442828.00000 0001 0943 7362Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Marien Ngouabi, BP 69 Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Mermoz Youndouka
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Direction Générale de l’Epidémiologie de la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé et de la Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
| | - Leonardo K. Basco
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France ,grid.483853.10000 0004 0519 5986IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Ringwald
- grid.3575.40000000121633745Global Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France ,grid.483853.10000 0004 0519 5986IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France ,grid.418221.cUnité de Parasitologie Entomologie, Département de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Ndounga
- Programme National de Lutte Contre le Paludisme, Direction Générale de l’Epidémiologie de la Maladie, Ministère de la Santé et de la Population, Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo
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Ullah I, Khan A, Israr M, Shah M, Shams S, Khan W, Shah M, Siraj M, Akbar K, Naz T, Afridi SG. Genomic miscellany and allelic frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum msp-1, msp-2 and glurp in parasite isolates. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264654. [PMID: 35259187 PMCID: PMC8903261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
The genomic miscellany of malaria parasites can help inform the intensity of malaria transmission and identify potential deficiencies in malaria control programs. This study was aimed at investigating the genomic miscellany, allele frequencies, and MOI of P. falciparum infection.
Methods
A total of 85 P. falciparum confirmed isolates out of 100 were included in this study that were collected from P. falciparum patients aged 4 months to 60 years in nine districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Parasite DNA was extracted from 200µL whole blood samples using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit following the manufacturer’s instructions. The polymorphic regions of msp-1, msp-2 and glurp loci were genotyped using nested PCR followed by gel electrophoresis for amplified fragments identification and subsequent data analysis.
Results
Out of 85 P. falciparum infections detected, 30 were msp-1 and 32 were msp-2 alleles specific. Successful amplification occurred in 88.23% (75/85) isolates for msp-1, 78.9% (67/85) for msp-2 and 70% (60/85) for glurp gene. In msp-1, the K1 allelic family was predominantly prevalent as 66.66% (50/75), followed by RO33 and MAD20. The frequency of samples with single infection having only K1, MAD20 and RO33 were 21.34% (16/75), 8% (6/75), and 10.67% (8/75), respectively. In msp-2, both the FC27 and 3D7 allelic families revealed almost the same frequencies as 70.14% (47/67) and 67.16% (45/67), respectively. Nine glurp RII region alleles were identified in 60 isolates. The overall mean multiplicity of infection for msp genes was 1.6 with 1.8 for msp-1 and 1.4 for msp-2, while for glurp the MOI was 1.03. There was no significant association between multiplicity of infection and age groups (Spearman’s rank coefficient = 0.050; P = 0.6) while MOI and parasite density correlated for only msp-2 allelic marker.
Conclusions
The study showed high genetic diversity and allelic frequency with multiple clones of msp-1, msp-2 and glurp in P. falciparum isolates in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In the present study the genotype data may provide valuable information essential for monitoring the impact of malaria eradication efforts in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Asifullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Israr
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muzafar Shah
- Centre for Animal Sciences & Fisheries, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Siraj
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kehkashan Akbar
- Department of Biochemistry, Abbottabad International Medical College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Naz
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sahib Gul Afridi
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Ralinoro F, Rakotomanga TA, Rakotosaona R, Doll Rakoto DA, Menard D, Jeannoda V, Ratsimbasoa A. Genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations in three malaria transmission settings in Madagascar. Malar J 2021; 20:239. [PMID: 34044837 PMCID: PMC8161981 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from various malaria transmission settings could help to define tailored local strategies for malaria control and elimination. Such assessments are currently scarce in Madagascar. The study presented here aimed to bridge this gap by investigating the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in three epidemiological strata (Equatorial, Tropical and Fringes) in Madagascar. METHODS Two-hundred and sixty-six P. falciparum isolates were obtained from patients with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in clinical drug efficacy studies conducted at health centres in Tsaratanana (Equatorial stratum), Antanimbary (Tropical stratum) and Anjoma Ramartina (Fringes) in 2013 and 2016. Parasite DNA was extracted from blood samples collected before anti-malarial treatment. Plasmodium species were identified by nested PCR targeting the 18 S rRNA gene. The genetic profiles of P. falciparum parasites were defined by allele-specific nested PCR on the polymorphic regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 genes. RESULTS Fifty-eight alleles were detected in the P. falciparum samples tested: 18 alleles for msp-1 and 40 for msp-2. K1 (62.9%, 139/221) and FC27 (69.5%, 114/164) were the principal msp-1 and msp-2 allele families detected, although the proportions of the msp-1 and msp-2 alleles varied significantly between sites. Polyclonal infections were more frequent at sites in the Equatorial stratum (69.8%) than at sites in the Tropical stratum (60.5%) or Fringes (58.1%). Population genetics analyses showed that genetic diversity was similar between sites and that parasite flow within sites was limited. CONCLUSIONS This study provides recent information about the genetic diversity of P. falciparum populations in three transmission strata in Madagascar, and valuable baseline data for further evaluation of the impact of the control measures implemented in Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanomezantsoa Ralinoro
- National Malaria Control Programme of Madagascar, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar. .,Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar.
| | - Tovonahary Angelo Rakotomanga
- National Malaria Control Programme of Madagascar, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Didier Menard
- Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit and INSERM U1201, Institut Pasteur Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victor Jeannoda
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Arsene Ratsimbasoa
- National Malaria Control Programme of Madagascar, Androhibe, Antananarivo, Madagascar. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Fianarantsoa, Fianarantsoa, Madagascar.
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8
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Abamecha A, El-Abid H, Yilma D, Addisu W, Ibenthal A, Bayih AG, Noedl H, Yewhalaw D, Moumni M, Abdissa A. Genetic diversity and genotype multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infection in patients with uncomplicated malaria in Chewaka district, Ethiopia. Malar J 2020; 19:203. [PMID: 32513191 PMCID: PMC7281928 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic diversity in Plasmodium falciparum poses a major threat to malaria control and elimination interventions. Characterization of the genetic diversity of P. falciparum strains can be used to assess intensity of parasite transmission and identify potential deficiencies in malaria control programmes, which provides vital information to evaluating malaria elimination efforts. This study investigated the P. falciparum genetic diversity and genotype multiplicity of infection in parasite isolates from cases with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in Southwest Ethiopia. Methods A total of 80 P. falciparum microscopy and qPCR positive blood samples were collected from study participants aged 6 months to 60 years, who visited the health facilities during study evaluating the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine from September–December, 2017. Polymorphic regions of the msp-1 and msp-2 were genotyped by nested polymerase chain reactions (nPCR) followed by gel electrophoresis for fragment analysis. Results Of 80 qPCR-positive samples analysed for polymorphisms on msp-1 and msp-2 genes, the efficiency of msp-1 and msp-2 gene amplification reactions with family-specific primers were 95% and 98.8%, respectively. Allelic variation of 90% (72/80) for msp-1 and 86.2% (69/80) for msp-2 were observed. K1 was the predominant msp-1 allelic family detected in 20.8% (15/72) of the samples followed by MAD20 and RO33. Within msp-2, allelic family FC27 showed a higher frequency (26.1%) compared to IC/3D7 (15.9%). Ten different alleles were observed in msp-1 with 6 alleles for K1, 3 alleles for MAD20 and 1 allele for RO33. In msp-2, 19 individual alleles were detected with 10 alleles for FC27 and 9 alleles for 3D7. Eighty percent (80%) of isolates had multiple genotypes and the overall mean multiplicity of infection was 3.2 (95% CI 2.87–3.46). The heterozygosity indices were 0.43 and 0.85 for msp-1 and msp-2, respectively. There was no significant association between multiplicity of infection and age or parasite density. Conclusions The study revealed high levels of genetic diversity and mixed-strain infections of P. falciparum populations in Chewaka district, Ethiopia, suggesting that both endemicity level and malaria transmission remain high and that strengthened control efforts are needed in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Abamecha
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biomedical, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Mettu University, Mettu, Ethiopia. .,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Hassan El-Abid
- Laboratory of Cellular Genomics and Molecular Techniques for Investigation, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Daniel Yilma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Wondimagegn Addisu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Achim Ibenthal
- Faculty of Science and Art, HAWK University, Gottingen, Germany
| | | | - Harald Noedl
- Malaria Research Initiative Bandarban (MARIB), Vienna, Austria
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC), Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mohieddine Moumni
- Laboratory of Cellular Genomics and Molecular Techniques for Investigation, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknès, Morocco
| | - Alemseged Abdissa
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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9
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Dossou-Yovo LR, Ntoumi F, Koukouikila-Koussounda F, Vouvoungui JC, Adedoja A, Nderu D, Velavan TP, Lenga A. Molecular surveillance of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele among Congolese pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria. Malar J 2020; 19:178. [PMID: 32384930 PMCID: PMC7206803 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria in pregnancy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Regular surveillance of artemisinin-based combination therapy tolerance, or molecular makers of resistance, is vital for effective malaria treatment, control and eradication programmes. Plasmodium falciparum multiple drug resistance-1 gene (Pfmdr1) N86Y mutation is associated with reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine. This study assessed the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Methods A total 1001 of P. falciparum-infected blood samples obtained from asymptomatic malaria pregnant women having a normal child delivery at the Madibou Integrated Health Centre were analysed. Pfmdr1 N86Y genotyping was conducted using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The wild type Pfmdr1 N86 allele was predominant (> 68%) in this study, whereas a few isolates carrying the either the mutant allele (Pfmdr1 86Y) alone or both alleles (mixed genotype). The dominance of the wildtype allele (pfmdr1 N86) indicates the plausible decline P. falciparum susceptibility to lumefantrine. Conclusion This study gives an update on the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y alleles in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. It also raises concern on the imminent emergence of resistance against artemether–lumefantrine in this setting. This study underscores the importance to regular artemether–lumefantrine efficacy monitoring to inform the malaria control programme of the Republic of Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Regis Dossou-Yovo
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda
- Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Ayodele Adedoja
- Congolese Foundation for Medical Research, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - David Nderu
- School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kerugoya, Kenya.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research (VG-CARE), Hanoi, Vietnam.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Arsène Lenga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
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10
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Gampio Gueye NS, Peko SM, Nderu D, Koukouikila-Koussounda F, Vouvoungui C, Kobawila SC, Velavan TP, Ntoumi F. An update on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in children from Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Malar J 2019; 18:57. [PMID: 30819192 PMCID: PMC6396490 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria transmission-blocking anti-malarial drugs, such as primaquine, offers an effective strategy for reducing the incidence of falciparum malaria. However, this drug induces haemolytic anaemia among glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals. The distribution of G6PD deficiency in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo and the association of G6PD deficiency with haemoglobin levels and blood cell counts were investigated. Methods A total of 212 febrile children were recruited for this study. Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis was conducted by microscopy and nested PCR. Sanger sequencing was used to assess G6PD deficiency by detecting 202G>A (rs1050828) and 376A>G (rs1050829) single nucleotide polymorphisms. Results Two hundred and twelve children were successfully genotyped for G6PD variants. Overall, 13% (27/212) of the children were G6PD deficient and 25% (25/100) females were heterozygous (11 BA− and 14 A+A−). The remaining 160 children had a normal G6PD genotype. The mean red blood and mean platelet counts were significantly lower in hemizygous male (G6PD A−) participants than in normal male (G6PD A+ or B) participants (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study gives an update on G6PD deficiency among Congolese children. Understanding the distribution of G6PD deficiency in other geographical regions is recommended before primaquine is adopted in the malaria control programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerly Shirère Gampio Gueye
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Simon Marie Peko
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - David Nderu
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Christevy Vouvoungui
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Francine Ntoumi
- Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale (FCRM), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. .,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Chen JT, Li J, Zha GC, Huang G, Huang ZX, Xie DD, Zhou X, Mo HT, Eyi JUM, Matesa RA, Obono MMO, Li S, Liu XZ, Lin M. Genetic diversity and allele frequencies of Plasmodium falciparum msp1 and msp2 in parasite isolates from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. Malar J 2018; 17:458. [PMID: 30526609 PMCID: PMC6286607 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is still a serious public health problem on Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), although the number of annual cases has been greatly reduced since 2004 through the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project (BIMCP). A better understanding of malaria parasite population diversity and transmission dynamics is critical for assessing the effectiveness of malaria control measures. The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum populations and multiplicity of infection (MOI) on Bioko Island 7 years after BIMCP. METHODS A total of 181 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria diagnosed with microscopy were collected from Bioko Island from January 2011 to December 2014. Parasite DNA was extracted using chelex-100 and species were identified using a real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melting. Plasmodium falciparum msp1 and msp2 allelic families were determined using nested PCR. RESULTS Three msp1 alleles (K1, MAD20, and RO33) and two msp2 alleles (FC27 and 3D7) were analysed in all samples. In msp1, the MAD20 allelic family was predominant with 96.69% (175/178) followed respectively by the K1 allelic family with 96.07% (171/178) and R033 allelic family with 70.78% (126/178). In msp2, the FC27 allelic family was the most frequently detected with 97.69% (169/173) compared to 3D7 with 72.25% (125/173). Twenty-six different alleles were observed in msp1 with 9 alleles for K1, 9 alleles for MAD20 and 8 alleles for R033. In msp2, 25 individual alleles were detected with 5 alleles for FC27 and 20 alleles for 3D7. The overall MOI was 5.51 with respectively 3.5 and 2.01 for msp1 and msp2. A significant increase in overall MOI was correlated with the age group of the patients (P = 0.026) or parasite densities (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The present data showed high genetic diversity and MOI values among the P. falciparum population in the study, reflecting both the high endemic level and malaria transmission on Bioko Island. These data provide valuable information for surveillance of P. falciparum infection and for assessing the appropriateness of the current malarial control strategies in the endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Tao Chen
- Laboratory Medical Center, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
- The Chinese Medical Aid Team to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Cai Zha
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Huang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-De Xie
- The Chinese Medical Aid Team to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhou
- Laboratory Medical Center, Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Tong Mo
- Laboratory Medical Center, Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Rocio Apicante Matesa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Malabo Regional Hospital, Malabo, Equatorial Guinea
| | | | - Shan Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Liu
- Laboratory Medical Center, Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory Medical Center, Chaozhou People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Yap NJ, Vythilingam I, Hoh BP, Goh XT, Muslim A, Ngui R, Rajoo Y, Choy SH, William T, Yeo TW, Lim YAL. Genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the C-terminal 42 kDa region of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) among Plasmodium knowlesi samples from Malaysia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:626. [PMID: 30518419 PMCID: PMC6282282 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) gene encodes for a leading malaria vaccine candidate antigen. However, its extensive polymorphic nature represents a major obstacle to the development of a protective vaccine. Previously, a pilot study was carried out to explore the sequence variation of the C-terminal 42 kDa fragment within P. knowlesi MSP-1 gene (PkMSP-142) based on 12 clinical samples; however, further study on an adequate sample size is vital in estimating the genetic diversity of the parasite population. Methods In the present study, we included a larger sample size of P. knowlesi (83 samples) covering eight states of Malaysia to determine the genetic polymorphism, natural selection and haplotype groups of the gene fragment coding PkMSP-142. The region flanking PkMSP-142 was amplified by PCR and directly sequenced. Genetic diversity, haplotype diversity, population genetic differentiation and natural selection were determined in order to study the polymorphic characteristic of PkMSP-142. Results A high level of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.970 ± 0.007; л = 0.01079 ± 0.00033) was observed among the 83 P. knowlesi samples, confirming the extensive genetic polymorphism exhibited among the P. knowlesi population found in Malaysia. A total of 18 distinct haplotypes with 17 amino acid changes were identified, whereby 15 were new haplotypes. High population differentiation values were observed within samples from Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. The 42 kDa fragments of P. knowlesi from Malaysian Borneo were found to be acting on balancing selection whilst purifying selection was suggested to act on isolates from Peninsular Malaysia. The separation of PkMSP-142 haplotypes into two main groups based on geographical separation has further supported the existence of two distinct P. knowlesi lineages. Conclusions A high level of genetic diversity was observed among PkMSP-142 in Malaysia, whereby most of the polymorphisms were found within the 33 kDa region. Taken together, these data will be useful in order to understand the nature of P. knowlesi population in Malaysia as well as the design and development of a MSP-142 based knowlesi malaria vaccine. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3234-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiun Yap
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon Peng Hoh
- Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur Campus, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Ting Goh
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azdayanti Muslim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Sungai Buloh Campus), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yamuna Rajoo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seow Huey Choy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Timothy William
- Jesselton Medical Centre, 88300, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Tsin Wen Yeo
- Communicable Diseases Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Moulmein Road, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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13
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Thái TL, Jun H, Lee J, Kang JM, Lê HG, Lin K, Thant KZ, Sohn WM, Kim TS, Na BK. Genetic diversity of merozoite surface protein-1 C-terminal 42 kDa of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMSP-1 42) may be greater than previously known in global isolates. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:455. [PMID: 30081943 PMCID: PMC6080494 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The C-terminal 42 kDa region of merozoite surface protein-1 of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMSP-142) is the target of an immune response. It has been recognised as one of the promising candidate antigens for a blood-stage malaria vaccine. Genetic structure of PfMSP-142 has been considered to be largely conserved in the P. falciparum population. However, only limited information is currently available. This study aimed to analyse genetic diversity and the effect of natural selection on PfMSP-142 among the Myanmar P. falciparum population and compare them with publicly available PfMSP-142 from global P. falciparum populations. Methods A total of 69 P. falciparum clinical isolates collected from Myanmar malaria patients in Upper Myanmar in 2015 were used. The PfMSP-142 region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. Genetic structure and natural selection of this region were analysed using MEGA4 and DnaSP programs. Polymorphic nature and natural selection in global PfMSP-142 were also investigated. Results All three allele types (MAD20, K1, and RO33) of PfMSP-142 were identified in Myanmar isolates of P. falciparum. Myanmar PfMSP-142 displayed genetic diversity. Most polymorphisms were scattered in blocks 16 and 17. Polymorphisms observed in Myanmar PfMSP-142 showed a similar pattern to those of global PfMSP-142; however, they were not identical to each other. Genetic diversity of Myanmar PfMSP-142 was relatively lower than that of PfMSP-142 from different geographical regions. Evidence of natural selection and recombination were found. Comparative analysis of genetic polymorphism and natural selection in the global PfMSP-142 population suggested that this region was not tightly conserved in global PfMSP-142 as previously thought and is under the complicated influence of natural selection and recombination. Conclusions Global PfMSP-142 revealed limited, but non-negligible, genetic diversity by allele types and geographical origins. Complicated natural selection and potential recombination might have occurred in global PfMSP-142. Comprehensive monitoring of genetic diversity for global PfMSP-142 would be needed to better understand the polymorphic nature and evolutionary aspect of PfMSP-142 in the global P. falciparum population. More thought would be necessary for designing a vaccine based on PfMSP-142. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3027-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thị Lam Thái
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Khin Lin
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Kyaw Zin Thant
- Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Sports, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, and Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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