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Almeida-Souza PA, de Oliveira CH, Brito LP, Teixeira TDJ, Celestino IA, Penha GB, dos Santos RM, Mendes WM, Ribeiro BM, Campos FS, Roehe PM, Guimarães NR, Iani FCM, Martins AJ, de Abreu FVS. High Frequencies of kdr Mutation and Chikungunya Infection in Aedes aegypti Population from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Pathogens 2024; 13:457. [PMID: 38921757 PMCID: PMC11206328 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) presents global health challenges, with Brazil experiencing outbreaks since its introduction in 2014. In 2023, following a CHIKV outbreak in Minas Gerais (MG), social media was used to optimize an entomological survey aimed at identifying vectors and viral lineages and assessing insecticide resistance. Following Instagram posts, residents with suspected CHIKV infection were able to schedule mosquito aspirations. In total, 421 mosquitoes (165 Aedes aegypti and 256 Culex quinquefasciatus) were captured from 40 households in Salinas city (MG) and tested for the Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya viruses through RT-qPCR. Twelve of 57 pools (10 Ae. aegypti and two Cx. quinquefasciatus) tested positive for CHIKV RNA. Viral RNA was also detected in the heads of nine Ae. aegypti, indicating viral dissemination but not in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Genome sequencing yielded the first near-complete genome from the 2023 outbreak, unveiling that the CHIKV strain belonged to the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. Additionally, genetic analyses revealed high frequencies of kdr alleles, including in CHIKV-infected mosquitoes, suggesting resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in this Ae. aegypti population. Social media was important for guiding mosquito-capture efforts in CHIKV transmission hotspots, thus optimizing the opportunity for viral detection. These findings emphasize the urgent need for innovative vector studies and control strategies, as well as interdisciplinary approaches in public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Cirilo Henrique de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Uso dos Recursos Naturais, Unimontes, Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo Brito
- Laboratório de Biologia, Controle e Vigilância de Insetos Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Thaynara de Jesus Teixeira
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Iago Alves Celestino
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Gabriele Barbosa Penha
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
| | - Ronaldo Medeiros dos Santos
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Fabrício Souza Campos
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (F.S.C.); (P.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Michel Roehe
- Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil; (F.S.C.); (P.M.R.)
| | | | - Felipe C. M. Iani
- Setor de Arbovirologia, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil;
| | - Ademir Jesus Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia, Controle e Vigilância de Insetos Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil;
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Vieira Santos de Abreu
- Laboratório de Comportamento de Insetos, Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Campus Salinas, Salinas 39560-000, MG, Brazil; (P.A.A.-S.); (C.H.d.O.); (T.d.J.T.); (I.A.C.); (G.B.P.)
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de Freitas A, Rezende F, de Mendonça S, Baldon L, Silva E, Ferreira F, Almeida J, Amadou S, Marçal B, Comini S, Rocha M, Fritsch H, Santos E, Leite T, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, Moreira L, Ferreira A. The High Capacity of Brazilian Aedes aegypti Populations to Transmit a Locally Circulating Lineage of Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2024; 16:575. [PMID: 38675917 PMCID: PMC11053879 DOI: 10.3390/v16040575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of chikungunya has dramatically surged worldwide in recent decades, imposing an expanding burden on public health. In recent years, South America, particularly Brazil, has experienced outbreaks that have ravaged populations following the rapid dissemination of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which was first detected in 2014. The primary vector for CHIKV transmission is the urban mosquito species Aedes aegypti, which is highly prevalent throughout Brazil. However, the impact of the locally circulating CHIKV genotypes and specific combinations of local mosquito populations on vector competence remains unexplored. Here, we experimentally analyzed and compared the infectivity and transmissibility of the CHIKV-ECSA lineage recently isolated in Brazil among four Ae. aegypti populations collected from different regions of the country. When exposed to CHIKV-infected AG129 mice for blood feeding, all the mosquito populations displayed high infection rates and dissemination efficiency. Furthermore, we observed that all the populations were highly efficient in transmitting CHIKV to a vertebrate host (naïve AG129 mice) as early as eight days post-infection. These results demonstrate the high capacity of Brazilian Ae. aegypti populations to transmit the locally circulating CHIKV-ECSA lineage. This observation could help to explain the high prevalence of the CHIKV-ECSA lineage over the Asian lineage, which was also detected in Brazil in 2014. However, further studies comparing both lineages are necessary to gain a better understanding of the vector's importance in the epidemiology of CHIKV in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Freitas
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Fernanda Rezende
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Silvana de Mendonça
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Lívia Baldon
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Emanuel Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Flávia Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - João Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Siad Amadou
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Bruno Marçal
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Sara Comini
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Marcele Rocha
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Hegger Fritsch
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Ellen Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Thiago Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (E.S.); (F.F.); (J.A.); (S.A.); (E.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Luciano Moreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Alvaro Ferreira
- Mosquitos Vetores: Endossimbiontes e Interação Patógeno-Vetor, Instituto René Rachou-Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (A.d.F.); (F.R.); (S.d.M.); (L.B.); (B.M.); (S.C.); (M.R.); (H.F.); (M.G.); (L.C.J.A.); (L.M.)
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Rodrigues LF, de Sousa AA, Mendes Júnior WP, Cardoso e Silva AC, do Nascimento MHS, Barros MC, Sampaio I, Fraga EDC. Genetic Differentiation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Areas with High Rates of Infestation in Mid-North Region of Brazil. INSECTS 2023; 14:530. [PMID: 37367345 PMCID: PMC10299528 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of the arboviruses-yellow fever, dengue virus, chikungunya, and zika virus. Given the epidemiological importance of this mosquito, its capacity to adapt to different habitats, and its resistance to many types of control measures, systematic research into the genetic variability of the populations of this mosquito is one of the most important steps toward a better understanding of its population structure and vector competence. In this context, the present study verified the presence of distinct genetic lineages of Ae. aegypti in areas with high infestation rates, based on the analysis of microsatellite markers. The samples were collected in nine municipalities with high building infestation rates in the Mid-North region of Brazil. Six microsatellite loci were genotyped in the 138 samples, producing a total of 32 alleles, varying from one to nine alleles per locus in each of the different populations. The AMOVA revealed greater within-population genetic differentiation with high fixation rates. The general analysis of population structure, based on a Bayesian approach, revealed K = 2, with two Ae. aegypti lineages that were highly differentiated genetically. These data on the connectivity of the populations and the genetic isolation of the lineages provide important insights for the development of innovative strategies for the control of the populations of this important disease vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzianny Farias Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Andrelina Alves de Sousa
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.A.d.S.)
| | - Walter Pinheiro Mendes Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Amanda Caroline Cardoso e Silva
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | | | - Maria Claudene Barros
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Pará—UFPA, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.A.d.S.)
| | - Elmary da Costa Fraga
- Graduate Program in Biodiversity, Environment and Health, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão—UEMA, Caxias 65604-380, MA, Brazil; (L.F.R.)
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Krokovsky L, Paiva MHS, Guedes DRD, Barbosa RMR, de Oliveira ALS, Anastácio DB, Pontes CR, Ayres CFJ. Arbovirus Surveillance in Field-Collected Mosquitoes From Pernambuco-Brazil, During the Triple Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya Outbreak of 2015-2017. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.875031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The (re) emergence of arboviruses around the world is a public health concern once severe outbreaks are usually associated with these infections. The co-circulation of Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in the past few years has caused a unique epidemic situation in Brazil. The northeast region of the country was the most affected by clinical complications from such arboviruses’ infections, including neurological disorders caused by ZIKV. In this particular region, Aedes mosquitoes are the main vectors of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV, with Culex quinquefasciatus also considered as a potential vector of ZIKV. Therefore, virological surveillance in mosquitoes contributes to understanding the epidemiological profile of these diseases. Here, we report the circulation of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV in Aedes spp. and Cx. quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes collected in areas with a high arbovirus circulation in humans in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, during the triple-epidemics of 2015-17. All the field-caught mosquitoes were sent to the laboratory for arbovirus screening after RNA extraction and RT-PCR/RT-qPCR. A total of 6,227 females were evaluated and, as a result, DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV were identified in Ae. aegypti, Ae. taeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito pools. In addition, DENV and ZIKV were isolated in C6/36 cells. In conclusion, it is important to highlight that arbovirus surveillance performed in mosquitoes from DENV-ZIKV-CHIKV hotspots areas can serve as an early-warning system to target vector control actions more efficiently in each studied area.
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de Castro Moreira D, Junior FFD, Júnior JRP, Jorge FA, dos Santos Rando F, Thomazella MV, Presibella MM, Riediger IN, Fernandez MA, Bertolini DA. Genetic characterization of Chikungunya virus circulating in individuals from Paraná, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:641-645. [PMID: 35032014 PMCID: PMC9151936 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis carried out in several Brazilian regions shows the circulation of the Asian and East-Central South African (ECSA) Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) genotypes in the country. Until now, there are no genetic studies about CHIKV strains circulating in the South region. In this study, we sequenced 5 new partial sequences of the CHIKV Envelope 1 gene from strains detected in Paraná state during the years 2016-2017. Maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining trees grouped all sequences in Brazilian branches within ECSA genotype and comparative analysis did not show E1-A226V mutation. However, we identified E1-K211T amino acid substitution in a sample demonstrating the dispersion of mutant strains in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah de Castro Moreira
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
| | | | - José Renato Pattaro Júnior
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Fernando Américo Jorge
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Fabiana dos Santos Rando
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Mateus Vaillant Thomazella
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Aparecida Fernandez
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
| | - Dennis Armando Bertolini
- grid.271762.70000 0001 2116 9989Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Avenida Colombo, Maringá, Paraná, 5790, 87020-900 Brazil
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Neurological infection by chikungunya and a triple Arbovirus co-infection in Mato Grosso, Central Western Brazil during 2019. J Clin Virol 2021; 146:105056. [PMID: 34923322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.105056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological viral infection is frequently associated to enterovirus, herpesvirus and arboviruses. These infections may cause severe clinical outcomes, long lasting sequelae or death. Few studies have addressed viral neurological infections etiology in Brazil. OBJECTIVES Identification of viruses in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of human neurological infections suspected of viral etiology during January and May 2019 in Midwestern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical, laboratory and epidemiological information was gathered from medical records. In addition, an aliquot of the sampled CSF was subjected to viral RNA/DNA extraction, randomic dscDNA amplification by PCR, DNA purification and Ilumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing. RESULTS Six viral genomes belonging to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) East-Central-South African (ECSA) genotype (10.834-11.804 nt in length) confirmed lately by RT-PCR for CHIKV envelope were present in all six liquor samples. These genomes present two mutations, nsP2:T31I and nsP3:A388V, shared with other Mato Grosso State strains from 2019, not present in sequences of the virus from previous years obtained in the State. One case was a triple co-infection also confirmed through RT-PCR, with Dengue virus serotype 4 genotype II (NS5; 874 nt) and Oropouche virus genotype IA (segment S; 302 nt). CSF was clear and colorless (5/6 patients), with >10% of lymphomononuclear cells (6/6), 1-99 erythrocytes/mm3 (5/6), glucose levels >50 mg/dl (4/5) e > 10 mg/dl of proteins (4/4). One patient evolved to death, and another, a newborn, presented sequelae after recovery. CONCLUSIONS Despite herpesviruses and enteroviruses are frequent etiologies of neurological infections, the casuistic here reported was associated to arboviruses already known to be responsible for acute febrile illness outbreaks in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwestern Brazil.
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Thammapalo S, Moonmek S, Prikchoo P, Pengsakul T. The Potential Container Habitats of Chikungunya Vector in Outbreak Area of Southern Thailand. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2021; 37:157-160. [PMID: 34407170 DOI: 10.2987/20-6965.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and is responsible for reemerging disease internationally. Container habitats of immature Aedes mosquitoes are often found around residential areas, thus water-holding container investigation is an important vector control strategy. This study aimed to survey mosquito species in container inhabiting stages and water-holding containers associated with the CHIKV outbreak in urban areas within the 4 villages of Hat Yai district in Songkhla province during 2019. The results indicated that of the 75 houses surveyed, 34 had water-holding containers; 78 out of 438 containers were positive for mosquitoes; and 34 were positive for mosquito stages. The house index (HI), Breteau index (BI), container index (CI), and pupal index (PI) were 46.87, 93.75, 14.92, and 271.88 for case houses, respectively. Specific container index (SCI) showed discarded containers such as bottles, cans, and tires. The findings suggest that Aedes aegypti was predominant in the surveyed urban area and might be the vector responsible for CHIKV transmission in Songkhla province.
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Nunes JGC, Nunes BTD, Shan C, Moraes AF, Silva TR, de Mendonça MHR, das Chagas LL, Silva FAE, Azevedo RSS, da Silva EVP, Martins LC, Chiang JO, Casseb LMN, Henriques DF, Vasconcelos PFC, Burbano RMR, Shi PY, Medeiros DBA. Reporter Virus Neutralization Test Evaluation for Dengue and Zika Virus Diagnosis in Flavivirus Endemic Area. Pathogens 2021; 10:840. [PMID: 34357990 PMCID: PMC8308650 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reporter virus neutralization test (RVNT) has been used as an alternative to the more laborious and time-demanding conventional PRNT assay for both DENV and ZIKV. However, few studies have investigated how these techniques would perform in epidemic areas with the circulation of multiple flavivirus. Here, we evaluate the performance of ZIKV and DENV Rluc RVNT and ZIKV mCh RVNT assays in comparison to the conventional PRNT assay against patient sera collected before and during ZIKV outbreak in Brazil. These samples were categorized into groups based on (1) acute and convalescent samples according to the time of disease, and (2) laboratorial diagnostic results (DENV and ZIKV RT-PCR and IgM-capture ELISA). Our results showed that DENV Rluc assay presented 100% and 78.3% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, with 93.3% accuracy, a similar performance to the traditional PRNT. ZIKV RVNT90, on the other hand, showed much better ZIKV antibody detection performance (around nine-fold higher) when compared to PRNT, with 88% clinical sensitivity. Specificity values were on average 76.8%. Even with these results, however, ZIKV RVNT90 alone was not able to reach a final diagnostic conclusion for secondary infection in human samples due to flavivirus cross reaction. As such, in regions where the flavivirus differential diagnosis represents a challenge, we suggest the establishment of a RVNT panel including other flaviviruses circulating in the region, associated with the other serological techniques such as IgM ELISA and the investigation of seroconversion, in order to help define an accurate diagnostic conclusion using serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannyce G. C. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Post Graduation Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Belém 66050-540, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno T. D. Nunes
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
| | - Adriana F. Moraes
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Tais R. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Maria H. R. de Mendonça
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Liliane L. das Chagas
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Franco A. e Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Eliana V. P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Livia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Livia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
- Science and Health Institute, Pará State University, Belém 66113-010, PA, Brazil
| | - Rommel M. R. Burbano
- Biological Sciences Institute, ICS, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66050-000, PA, Brazil;
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (J.G.C.N.); (B.T.D.N.); (C.S.); (P.-Y.S.)
- Post Graduation Program in Parasitary Biology in the Amazon, Belém 66050-540, PA, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology & Hemorrhagic Fever, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67015-120, PA, Brazil; (A.F.M.); (T.R.S.); (M.H.R.d.M.); (L.L.d.C.); (F.A.e.S.); (R.S.S.A.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (L.C.M.); (J.O.C.); (L.M.N.C.); (D.F.H.); (P.F.C.V.)
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9
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Larvicidal Activities against Aedes aegypti of Supernatant and Pellet Fractions from Cultured Bacillus spp. Isolated from Amazonian Microenvironments. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6020104. [PMID: 34204476 PMCID: PMC8293452 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the primary vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika causing major problems for public health, which requires new strategies for its control, like the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms. In this study, bacteria from various Amazonian environments were isolated and tested for their pathogenicity to A. aegypti larvae. Following thermal shock to select sporulated Bacillus spp., 77 bacterial strains were isolated. Molecular identification per 16S RNA sequences revealed that the assembled strains contained several species of the genus Bacillus and one species each of Brevibacillus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Achromobacter and Brevundimonas. Among the isolated Bacillus sp. strains, 19 showed larvicidal activity against A. aegypti. Two strains of Brevibacillus halotolerans also displayed larvicidal activity. For the first time, larvicidal activity against A. aegypti was identified for a strain of Brevibacillus halotolerans. Supernatant and pellet fractions of bacterial cultures were tested separately for larvicidal activities. Eight strains contained isolated fractions resulting in at least 50% mortality when tested at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. Further studies are needed to characterize the active larvicidal metabolites produced by these microorganisms and define their mechanisms of action.
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10
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Chikungunya virus Detection in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus during an Outbreak in the Amazon Region. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080853. [PMID: 32759878 PMCID: PMC7472183 DOI: 10.3390/v12080853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first reported in Brazil in 2014 and, after it spread countrywide, an outbreak of febrile illness with reports of arthralgia happened in the municipality of Xinguara, Pará, Brazil in 2017, indicating the virus' circulation. Here, we aimed to investigate CHIKV in mosquito vectors collected during an active surveillance of virus isolation in cell culture by using molecular detection and viral genome sequencing. A total of 492 Aedes, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were collected and separated in 36 pools according to the species and sex, and 22.2% (8/36) were positive. CHIKV was indentified in pools of Ae. aegypti females (n = 5), an Ae. aegypti male (n = 1) and in Culex quinquefasciatus females (n = 2). However, as the mosquitoes' whole bodies were macerated and used for detection, one cannot suggest the role of the latter in the viral transmission. Despite this, vector competence studies must be carried out in the different species to investigate long-term adaptations. Viral genome sequencing has characterized the East-Central-South-African (ECSA) genotype in all positive pools analyzed, corroborating previous reports for the Amazon region.
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11
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Araújo IF, Loureiro HA, Marinho VH, Neves FB, Sarquis RS, Faustino SM, Yoshioka SA, Ferreira RM, Souto RN, Ferreira IM. Larvicidal activity of the methanolic, hydroethanolic and hexanic extracts from Acmella oleracea, solubilized with silk fibroin, against Aedes aegypti. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Aragão CF, Pinheiro VCS, Nunes Neto JP, da Silva EVP, Pereira GJG, do Nascimento BLS, Castro KDS, Maia AM, Catete CP, Martins LC, Tadei WP, da Silva SP, Cruz ACR. Natural Infection of Aedes aegypti by Chikungunya and Dengue type 2 Virus in a Transition Area of North-Northeast Brazil. Viruses 2019; 11:E1126. [PMID: 31817553 PMCID: PMC6949906 DOI: 10.3390/v11121126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika are diseases caused by viruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In Brazil, the number of human infections is high, but few studies are performed in mosquito vectors. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya viruses in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from the municipalities of Alto Alegre, Caxias, Codó, and São Mateus do Maranhão, located in the state of Maranhão, Northeast Brazil. The mosquitoes were collected with a mechanical aspirator, identified, triturated, and then submitted to RNA extraction and RT-qPCR. The positive samples were confirmed by virus isolation and genome sequencing. Three hundred and forty-eight Ae. aegypti (176 males and 172 females) and 12 Ae. albopictus (eight males and four females) were collected and tested. Ae. aegypti was the only vector positive in two municipalities-Codó, with detection of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the East-Central-South African genotype, and in Caxias, with detection of Dengue virus (DENV)-2 belonging to the Asian/American genotype. The detection of CHIKV and DENV-2 is evidence that those viruses are maintained in arthropod vectors, and shows the epidemiological risk in the area for chikungunya cases and a possible increase of severe dengue cases, associated with the occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Fortes Aragão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia dos Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Centro de Estudos Superiores de Caxias, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Caxias, MA 65604-380, Brazil;
| | - Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Eliana Vieira Pinto da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Glennda Juscely Galvão Pereira
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Karoline da Silva Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil; (K.d.S.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Ariadne Mendonça Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária na Amazônia, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA 66087-670, Brazil; (K.d.S.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Clistenes Pamplona Catete
- Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil;
| | - Lívia Carício Martins
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Wanderli Pedro Tadei
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, CEP 69060-001, Manaus - AM, Brazil;
| | - Sandro Patroca da Silva
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
| | - Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz
- Seção de Arbovirologia e Febres Hemorrágicas, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância e Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil; (J.P.N.N.); (E.V.P.d.S.); (G.J.G.P.); (B.L.S.d.N.); (L.C.M.); (S.P.d.S.)
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13
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Naveca FG, Claro I, Giovanetti M, de Jesus JG, Xavier J, Iani FCDM, do Nascimento VA, de Souza VC, Silveira PP, Lourenço J, Santillana M, Kraemer MUG, Quick J, Hill SC, Thézé J, Carvalho RDDO, Azevedo V, Salles FCDS, Nunes MRT, Lemos PDS, Candido DDS, Pereira GDC, Oliveira MAA, Meneses CAR, Maito RM, Cunha CRSB, Campos DPDS, Castilho MDC, Siqueira TCDS, Terra TM, de Albuquerque CFC, da Cruz LN, de Abreu AL, Martins DV, Simoes DSDMV, de Aguiar RS, Luz SLB, Loman N, Pybus OG, Sabino EC, Okumoto O, Alcantara LCJ, Faria NR. Genomic, epidemiological and digital surveillance of Chikungunya virus in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007065. [PMID: 30845267 PMCID: PMC6424459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first detection in the Caribbean in late 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has affected 51 countries in the Americas. The CHIKV epidemic in the Americas was caused by the CHIKV-Asian genotype. In August 2014, local transmission of the CHIKV-Asian genotype was detected in the Brazilian Amazon region. However, a distinct lineage, the CHIKV-East-Central-South-America (ECSA)-genotype, was detected nearly simultaneously in Feira de Santana, Bahia state, northeast Brazil. The genomic diversity and the dynamics of CHIKV in the Brazilian Amazon region remains poorly understood despite its importance to better understand the epidemiological spread and public health impact of CHIKV in the country. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report a large CHIKV outbreak (5,928 notified cases between August 2014 and August 2018) in Boa vista municipality, capital city of Roraima's state, located in the Brazilian Amazon region. We generated 20 novel CHIKV-ECSA genomes from the Brazilian Amazon region using MinION portable genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that despite an early introduction of the Asian genotype in 2015 in Roraima, the large CHIKV outbreak in 2017 in Boa Vista was caused by an ECSA-lineage most likely introduced from northeastern Brazil. Epidemiological analyses suggest a basic reproductive number of R0 of 1.66, which translates in an estimated 39 (95% CI: 36 to 45) % of Roraima's population infected with CHIKV-ECSA. Finally, we find a strong association between Google search activity and the local laboratory-confirmed CHIKV cases in Roraima. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the potential of combining traditional surveillance with portable genome sequencing technologies and digital epidemiology to inform public health surveillance in the Amazon region. Our data reveal a large CHIKV-ECSA outbreak in Boa Vista, limited potential for future CHIKV outbreaks, and indicate a replacement of the Asian genotype by the ECSA genotype in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ingra Claro
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Goes de Jesus
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Joilson Xavier
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Felipe Campos de Melo Iani
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Instituto Octávio Magalhães, FUNED, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Alves do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Victor Costa de Souza
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paola Paz Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Lourenço
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio Santillana
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Moritz U. G. Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Computational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Josh Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah C. Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Dias de Oliveira Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Glauco de Carvalho Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marluce Aparecida Assunção Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia da Costa Castilho
- Departamento de Virologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Tiza Matos Terra
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Luis de Abreu
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (SVS/MS), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renato Santana de Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Luiz Bessa Luz
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, FIOCRUZ, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nicholas Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver G. Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical e Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osnei Okumoto
- Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (SVS/MS), Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nuno Rodrigues Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
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