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Galati EAB, Rodrigues BL. A Review of Historical Phlebotominae Taxonomy (Diptera: Psychodidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s13744-023-01030-8. [PMID: 36897326 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychodidae is a group constituted by ca. 3400 species distributed in six existing and one extinct subfamily. Among them, Phlebotominae is of relevant medical and veterinary interest as vectors of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and trypanosomatides, to vertebrates. The taxonomy of Phlebotominae, begun in 1786, received a great boost at the beginning of the twentieth century, when some of its species began to be implicated as vectors of leishmaniasis agents. Currently, the group consists of 1060 species/subspecies described for both hemispheres. Its taxonomy and systematics have been largely based on the morphological characters of adults in view of the limited number of species known in their immature forms, as well as by molecular approaches. This review focuses on the evolution of the phlebotomine systematics, with information regarding when the descriptions of the sand fly species/subspecies occurred, where their type localities are, the number of authors involved in their descriptions, and the researchers who have most contributed to the description of these taxa and their respective institutions. The morphological characters of adult forms used in the taxonomy of groups, in an evolutionary approach, and the current state of knowledge based on immature forms is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Leite Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo (FSP/USP), SP, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Jariyapan N, Tippawangkosol P, Sor-Suwan S, Mano C, Yasanga T, Somboon P, Depaquit J, Siriyasatien P. Significance of eggshell morphology as an additional tool to distinguish species of sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263268. [PMID: 35213563 PMCID: PMC8880748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological characteristics of eggshells are important in sand fly ootaxonomy. In this study, eggshells from Phlebotomus stantoni Newstead, Sergentomyia khawi (Raynal), and Grassomyia indica (Theodor) sand flies collected in Chiang Mai province, Thailand were examined and characterized using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then, eggshell morphology of these three species was described for the first time. Each gravid female was forced to lay eggs by decapitation and the eggs were collected for SEM analysis. Egg laying females were identified by morphological examination and molecular typing using cytochrome b (Cytb) as a molecular marker. The chorionic sculpturing of Ph. stantoni eggs combines two patterns on the same egg: unconnected parallel ridges and reticular patterns. Sergentomyia khawi and Gr. indica have similar chorionic polygonal patterns, but their exochorionic morphology and aeropylar area are different. Results indicate that eggshell morphological characteristics such as chorionic pattern, exochorionic morphology, inter-ridge/boundary area, aeropylar area (including the number of aeropyles) and basal layer, can be useful to develop morphological identification keys of eggs. These can serve as an additional tool to distinguish species of sand flies. In addition, the chorionic sculpturing of the eggs of the three species of sand flies observed by LM is useful for species identification in gravid females with spermathecae obscured by eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narissara Jariyapan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (NJ); (PS)
| | - Pongsri Tippawangkosol
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sriwatapron Sor-Suwan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlada Mano
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thippawan Yasanga
- Medical Science Research Equipment Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pradya Somboon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail: (NJ); (PS)
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA7510 ESCAPE–USC ANSES VECPAR, Reims, France
| | - Padet Siriyasatien
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Vector Biology and Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Marialva EF, Secundino NF, Fernandes FF, Araújo HRC, Ríos-Velásquez CM, Pimenta PFP, Pessoa FAC. Morphological aspects of immature stages of Migonemyia migonei (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), an important vector of Leishmaniosis in South America, described by scanning electron microscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242163. [PMID: 33180853 PMCID: PMC7660558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the immature stages of Migonemyia migonei, which is the vector of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in South America, and a putative vector of Leishmania infantum chagasi. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to refine the description of the structures of the egg, all instar larvae, and the pupa. The eggs have polygonal cells on the egg exochorion, and differences between larval and pupal chaetotaxy have been highlighted. Different sensillary subtypes-trichoidea, basiconica, coelonica and campanoformia-were observed in the larval stages. The results presented herein contribute to the taxonomy of Mg. migonei and may contribute to future studies on the phylogeny of this important vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Fabrício Marialva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia da Interação Patógeno Hospedeiro, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Nágila F. Secundino
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Fernando F. Fernandes
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Divisão de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil
| | - Helena R. C. Araújo
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Industrial, Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT), São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudia M. Ríos-Velásquez
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
| | - Paulo F. P. Pimenta
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Felipe A. C. Pessoa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane - Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil
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