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Wang X, Giri BR, Cui Z, Munkhjargal T, Wang C, Fontanilla IKC, Cheng G. Development of a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay for detecting Schistosoma japonicum infection. Exp Parasitol 2024; 262:108776. [PMID: 38750807 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis of Schistosoma infection is important to adopt effective strategies for schistosomiasis control. Previously, we demonstrated that Schistosoma japonicum can secret extracellular vesicles and their cargos may serve as a novel type of biomarkers for diagnosing schistosomiasis. Here, we developed a Gaussia luciferase immunoprecipitation assay combined with S. japonicum extracellular vesicle (SjEV) protein to evaluate its potential for diagnosing schistosomiasis. A saposin-like protein (SjSLP) identified from SjEVs was fused to the Gaussia luciferase as the diagnostic antigen. The developed method showed good capability for detecting S. japonicum infection in mice and human patients. We also observed that the method could detect Schistosoma infection in mice as early as 7 days of post-infection, which showed better sensitivity than that of indirect ELISA method. Overall, the developed method showed a good potential for detecting Schistosoma infection particularly for early stage, which may provide an alternative strategy for identify Schistosoma infection for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China; School of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhen Jiang, 212100, China
| | - Bikash R Giri
- Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Zhoukai Cui
- Pingquan Hospital, Hebei Province, Chengde, 067500, China
| | - Tserendorj Munkhjargal
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Science, Zaisan, 17029, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Chunren Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, 163316, China
| | - Ian Kendrich C Fontanilla
- DNA Barcoding Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200331, China.
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Wu H, Giri BR, Li H, Zheng Y, Yan X, Cheng G. Schistosoma japonicum extracellular vesicle proteins serve as effective biomarkers for diagnosing parasite infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1391168. [PMID: 38817446 PMCID: PMC11137203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1391168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma species are the causative agent of schistosomiasis and shows worldwide distribution. There is a great need to develop a sensitive diagnostic approach for controlling the disease. Previously, we identified large numbers of Extracellular Vesicle (EV) proteins from Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum), but rarely these proteins have been evaluated for their diagnostic potential. In the present study, we performed bioinformatic analyses of S. japonicum identified EV-associated proteins from the previous study and then identified Schistosoma-specific proteins with potentially secreted capability. Among them, we selected SJCHGC02838 protein, SJCHGC05593 protein, SJCHGC05668 protein and a hypothetical protein (SJHYP) to evaluate their diagnostic potential for detecting S. japonicum infection. First, we determined the expression of these four proteins at the transcript levels using qRT-PCR and revealed that all these genes showed higher expression in adult stage. Then, we cloned the full-length cDNA for each protein into a prokaryotic expression vector and successfully generated the recombinant proteins. Upon the purification of recombinant proteins, we developed an indirect ELISA method to evaluate the diagnostic potential of these purified recombinant proteins. The results showed high sensitivity for detecting Schistosoma infection. Additionally, these proteins also displayed a good potential for detecting Schistosoma infection, especially SJCHGC05668 protein at an early stage. The diagnostic potentials of these recombinant proteins were further evaluated by Western blot and comparatively analyzed by our previously developed cfDNA methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Wu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bikash R. Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Zoology, Kuntala Kumari Sabat (KKS) Women’s College, Balasore, Odisha, India
| | - Huimin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Zheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu J, Wang X, Sheng F, Giri BR, Li S, Xia T, Li X, Cheng G. Metagenomic sequencing for identifying pathogen-specific circulating DNAs and development of diagnostic methods for schistosomiasis. iScience 2023; 26:107495. [PMID: 37636036 PMCID: PMC10457526 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely diagnosis of Schistosoma infection, particularly in the early stage is crucial for identifying infected hosts and then taking effective control strategies. Here, metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to identify pathogen-specific circulating DNAs (cDNAs) in the sera/plasma of New Zealand rabbits infected with S. japonicum, and the identified cDNAs were validated by PCR and qPCR. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based CRISPR-Cas12a and recombinase polymerase amplification-based lateral flow strip (RPA-LF) methods combined with the newly identified cDNA were developed to evaluate the potentials for diagnosing murine and human schistosomiasis. The results indicated that twenty-two cDNAs were identified. The developed LAMP-based CRISPR/Cas12a and RPA-LF methods showed a good potential for diagnosing murine or human schistosomiasis as early as 5 days of post-infection with 5 cercariae infection. In a word, S. japonicum specific cDNAs in circulation of infected hosts could be effective biomarkers for detecting Schistosoma infection particularly for early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #500 Zhen-nan Road, Shanghai 200331, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- School of Biotechnology Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhen Jiang 212100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Sheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #500 Zhen-nan Road, Shanghai 200331, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bikash R. Giri
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #500 Zhen-nan Road, Shanghai 200331, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Xia
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Cheng
- Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, #500 Zhen-nan Road, Shanghai 200331, People’s Republic of China
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Zhou J, Chen J, Peng Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y. A Promising Tool in Serological Diagnosis: Current Research Progress of Antigenic Epitopes in Infectious Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:1095. [PMID: 36297152 PMCID: PMC9609281 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by various pathogens in the clinic, threaten the safety of human life, are harmful to physical and mental health, and also increase economic burdens on society. Infections are a complex mechanism of interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and their host. Identification of the causative agent of the infection is vital for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Etiological laboratory diagnostic tests are therefore essential to identify pathogens. However, due to its rapidity and automation, the serological diagnostic test is among the methods of great significance for the diagnosis of infections with the basis of detecting antigens or antibodies in body fluids clinically. Epitopes, as a special chemical group that determines the specificity of antigens and the basic unit of inducing immune responses, play an important role in the study of immune responses. Identifying the epitopes of a pathogen may contribute to the development of a vaccine to prevent disease, the diagnosis of the corresponding disease, and the determination of different stages of the disease. Moreover, both the preparation of neutralizing antibodies based on useful epitopes and the assembly of several associated epitopes can be used in the treatment of disease. Epitopes can be divided into B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes; B cell epitopes stimulate the body to produce antibodies and are therefore commonly used as targets for the design of serological diagnostic experiments. Meanwhile, epitopes can fall into two possible categories: linear and conformational. This article reviews the role of B cell epitopes in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Sripa B, Leonardo L, Hong SJ, Ito A, Brattig NW. Status and perspective of asian neglected tropical diseases. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106212. [PMID: 34687645 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Longoni SS, Piubelli C, Perandin F, Rizzi E, Luchetta N, Degani M, Tais S, Mori A, Bisoffi Z. Preliminary evaluation of a new Schistosoma Immunochromatographic Test. Acta Trop 2021; 219:105893. [PMID: 33872586 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of schistosomiasis infections occur in sub-Saharan Africa. A rapid ICT test would be a cheap and easy tool that could be used also in the field. We preliminarily evaluated the performance of a new Schistosoma black-latex based IgG-IgM ICT (Black-ICT) on serum samples. The results indicate a high sensitivity (98.0%) but the specificity depends on the application of a cut-off value that can discriminate between positive and negative samples. Considering a possible direct application of this test on blood from finger prick, the results are promising, providied that a signal intensity scale is developed, guiding the result interpretation.
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Yuan Y, Zhao J, Chen M, Liang H, Long X, Zhang B, Chen X, Chen Q. Understanding the Pathophysiology of Exosomes in Schistosomiasis: A New Direction for Disease Control and Prevention. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634138. [PMID: 34220800 PMCID: PMC8242937 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease endemic to freshwater areas of Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America that is capable of causing serious damage to the internal organs. Recent studies have linked exosomes to the progression of schistosomiasis. These structures are important mediators for intercellular communication, assist cells to exchange proteins, lipids, and genetic material and have been shown to play critical roles during host–parasite interactions. This review aims to discuss the pathophysiology of exosomes in schistosomiasis and their roles in regulating the host immune response. Understanding how exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis may provide new perspectives in diagnosing and treating this neglected disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yuan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Min Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Long
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, China
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Liu J, Chen X, Wang J, Wu F, Zhang J, Dong J, Zhang H, Liu X, Hu N, Wu J, Zhang L, Cheng W, Zhang C, Zhang WJ. Prediction and identification of CD4+ T cell epitope for the protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24619. [PMID: 33578573 PMCID: PMC7886468 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+T cell epitopes plays a key role in anti-tuberculosis (TB) immunity, CD4+T cell epitopes suitable for the domestic population are lacking. Therefore, we predicted and identified novel CD4+T cell epitopes.The bioinformatics software, namely, DNAStar (DNASTAR of the United States), SYFPEITHI (INTERFACTORS INSTITUT Für ZELL Biologie of Germany), RANKPEP, and NetMHC IIpan (National Cancer Institute, United States of America), were used to comprehensively predict the CD4+T cell immune epitope of Mycobacterium TB, and the predicted epitope polypeptide was synthesized by the standard Fmoc scheme. The proliferation of PBMC and CD4+T cells stimulated by peptides was preliminarily detected by the CCK8 method. Then, the candidate polypeptides screened out by the CCK8 method were verified again by the BrdU assay, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze further the extent of their stimulation on the proliferation of CD4+T cells. The changes in the secreted cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-10 before and after the candidate polypeptide stimulation of CD4+T lymphocytes were detected by ELISA. The preliminary humoral immunity test was conducted by indirect ELISA to evaluate the serological diagnostic value of the CD4+T cell epitope polypeptide.In this study, 5 novel candidate CD4+T cell epitope polypeptides with the amino acid sequences of LQGQWRGAAGTAAQA, PVTLAETGSTLLYPL, AAAWGGSGSEAYQGV, QFVYAGAMSGLLDPS, and KAALTRTASNMNAAA and others that have not been reported in the research were predicted. For convenience, the 5 candidates were successively named as P39, P50, P40, P185, and P62. P39, P62, and the mixed peptide P39+P62 could effectively induce the proliferation of CD4+T cells and increase the secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 from the CD4+T cells, while reducing the content of IL-10. The serological test showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of P39 were 75%, 67.71%, and 0.844, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of P62 were 91.66%, 46.87%, and 0.649, respectively. The sensitivity of the mixed peptide P39+P62 was 95.83%, the specificity was 97.91%, and the AUC was 0.793.The P39 and P62 polypeptides were predicted and identified as potential CD4+T cell immune epitope polypeptides of M. TB. The polypeptide had better diagnosis effect, which provided potential candidate epitope polypeptides for the development of TB-specific diagnosis reagents and novel TB epitope vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiangtao Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Jiangdong Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Wei Cheng
- West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wuhou District, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Chunjun Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
| | - Wan Jiang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shihezi University School of Medicine/the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi, Xinjiang
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Brattig NW, Bergquist R, Qian MB, Zhou XN, Utzinger J. Helminthiases in the People's Republic of China: Status and prospects. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105670. [PMID: 32841589 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helminth infections, many of them listed as neglected tropical diseases by the World Health Organization, remain a public health issue in many parts of the world. The People's Republic of China (P.R. China) stands out due to impressive progress in the control and local elimination of helminth infections. An important contextual factor is P.R. China's sustained social and economic development that allowed implementation of health-related poverty alleviation, improving water, sanitation and hygiene, enhancing information, education and communication, coupled with major engineering and infrastructure development and intersectoral collaboration. Nonetheless, food-borne trematodiases, soil-transmitted helminthiases, echinococcosis, cysticercosis/taeniasis and schistosomiasis still exert a considerable burden in P.R. China, even though the numbers of infected people have decreased substantially since the new millennium. This special issue of Acta Tropica provides a comprehensive update of the current knowledge of the main helminth infections in P.R. China, summarises progress in research and discusses future prospects for gaining and sustaining control towards the final goal of breaking transmission and hence, eliminating helminthiases. It consists of 34 articles with a wide coverage that can be grouped into six domains: (i) epidemiological assessment and disease burden estimates; (ii) diagnostics and antigen characterisation; (iii) drug and vaccine development; (iv) host-parasite interactions and snail genetics; (v) surveillance and public health response; and (vi) capacity building and international cooperation. The control and elimination of helminthiases not only furthers the health and wellbeing of the Chinese people, but also provides innovative approaches, tools and strategies, which can be adopted and applied in other countries and regions of the world where helminthiases still prevail.
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Edosomwan EU, Evbuomwan IO, Agbalalah C, Dahunsi SO, Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI. Malaria coinfection with Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in children at Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Benin City, Nigeria. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04604. [PMID: 32793830 PMCID: PMC7408312 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are highly endemic in poorer countries of the world. The research investigated the prevalence of parasitic infections among children in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Benin City. Faecal, urine and blood specimen were collected from 184 children (100 males and 84 females) aged 6–15. Blood samples were prepared using thick film method and analyzed microscopically. Direct smear technique was employed for faecal sample and sedimentation method to concentrate ova from the urine sample. Ten species of parasites were identified in this study. The predominant species were Plasmodium falciparum (67.93%), Entamoeba histolytica (67.93%) and Giardia duodenalis (59.78%). Plasmodium falciparum and E. histolytica were most prevalent in both sexes, with P. falciparum infecting 68% males and 67.86% females while E. histolytica infected 66% males and 70.24% females (P = 0.24). Mixed infections with blood and intestinal parasites were recorded in 41.18% in age group 5–10 and 47.90% in age group 11–15 (P < 0.5). Also, mixed infections with blood and intestinal parasites were detected in 45% males and 50% females (P = 0.51). Urinary schistosomiasis was recorded in 28.80% of the participants. Parasitic infections especially P. falciparum malaria and amoebiasis were predominant among the children. Therefore, our findings call for specific intervention programmes to reduce parasite intensity and morbidity in the children. Environmental and personal hygiene should be implemented in order to curb parasitosis in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn U Edosomwan
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Ikponmwosa O Evbuomwan
- Applied Biology and Biotechnology Programme, Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Cynthia Agbalalah
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O Dahunsi
- Department of Microbiology, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Development and Potential Application of Ras Domain Containing Protein from Haemonchus contortus for Diagnosis of Goat Infection. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10010138. [PMID: 31952259 PMCID: PMC7022636 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an important gastrointestinal nematode of small ruminants that causes significant mortality in goats worldwide. Diagnosis of this infection mainly depends on the evaluation of clinical signs and fecal examination. However, limitations often occur in early or mild infections. For this purpose, serological diagnosis seems to be more accurate and reliable. Ras domain-containing protein (Ras) is one of H. contortus's excretory and secretory products (ESPs) that can be isolated from different larval stages of the nematode. In this study, the recombinant H. contortus Ras domain-containing protein (rHcRas) was expressed and purified and its diagnostic potential was evaluated. Reactions between rHcRas and goat sera were tested using Western blotting (WB). The results showed that rHcRas could be recognized by sera as early as 14 days post infection (DPI), and antibodies against rHcRas in infected goats could be maintained for over 89 days. No reaction was found between rHcRas and antibodies against Trichinella spiralis, Fasciola hepatica, or Toxoplasma gondii. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was produced based on rHcRas. The optimal coating antigen (157 ng of rHcRas/well) and serum dilutions (1:50) were determined via checkerboard titration. Indirect ELISA based on rHcRas showed 87.5% sensitivity and 90.6% specificity. The cut-off values for this experiment were determined to be 0.324 (positive) and 0.273 (negative), respectively, and the variation coefficient (CV) was less than 15%. The results of the indirect ELISA in-field examination showed that 17.6% (9/51) of the goats were infected with H. contortus, higher than the fecal examination results (15.7%, 8/51). When compared the results of the indirect ELISA and necropsy testing, 98.0% (50/51) consistency was found. These results indicated that rHcRas was a potential antigen for the diagnosis of H. contortus infection in goats.
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