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Shahbaz M, Palaniveloo K, Tan YS, Palasuberniam P, Ilyas N, Wiart C, Seelan JSS. Entomopathogenic fungi in crops protection with an emphasis on bioactive metabolites and biological activities. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:217. [PMID: 38806748 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant pathogens with their abundance are harmful and cause huge damage to different agricultural crops and economy of a country as well as lead towards the shortage of food for humans. For their management, the utilization of entomopathogenic fungi is an eco-friendly technique, sustainable to the environment, safe for humans and has promising effect over chemical-based pesticides. This process requires a biochemical mechanism, including the production of enzymes, toxins, and other metabolites that facilitate host infection and invasion. Essential enzymes such as chitinase, proteinase, and lipase play a direct role in breaking down the host cuticle, the primary barrier to EPF (Entomopathogenic Fungi) infection. Additionally, secondary metabolites such as destruxins in Metarhizium, beauvericin in Beauveria, hirsutellides in Hirsutella, isarolides in Isaria, cordyols in Cordyceps, and vertihemipterins in Verticillium, among others, act both directly and indirectly to disable the defense mechanisms of insect hosts, thereby accelerating the EPF infection process. The chemical composition of these secondary metabolites varies, ranging from simple non-peptide pigments such as oosporine to highly complex piperazine derivatives such as vertihemiptellides. The biocontrol efficacy of EPF is extensively studied, with numerous fungal strains commercially available on a large scale for managing arthropod pests. This review emphasizes the role of proteins and enzymes against crop pathogens, detailing their mode of action, and describing the metabolites from entomopathogenic fungi and their biological activities. In doing so, these findings contribute to establishing a symbiotic equilibrium between agricultural productivity and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Advanced Studies Complex, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Shin Tan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Mushroom Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Praneetha Palasuberniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
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Mesquita E, Hu S, Lima TB, Golo PS, Bidochka MJ. Utilization of Metarhizium as an insect biocontrol agent and a plant bioinoculant with special reference to Brazil. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1276287. [PMID: 38186633 PMCID: PMC10768067 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1276287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Brazil has a long history of using biological control and has the largest program in sugarcane agriculture to which a biocontrol program has been applied. This achievement is at least partly due to the utilization of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium. This well-known fungal genus exhibits pathogenicity against a broad range of arthropod hosts and has been used globally as a biocontrol agent. This fungus is also a root symbiont, and in this capacity, it is a plant growth promoter. However, this feature (i.e., as a plant symbiont) has yet to be fully explored and implemented in Brazil, although the number of reports demonstrating Metarhizium's utility as a plant bioinoculant is increasing. The Brazilian bioproduct industry targets agricultural pests, and is limited to two Metarhizium species represented by four fungal isolates as active ingredients. Entomopathogenic fungi have also been successful in controlling arthropods of public health concern, as shown in their control of mosquitoes, which are vectors of diseases. The isolation of new indigenous Metarhizium isolates from a variety of substrates such as soil, insects, and plants shows the wide genetic diversity within this fungal genus. In this review, we emphasize the significance of Metarhizium spp. for the biological control of insects in Brazil. We also suggest that the experience and success of biological control with fungi in Brazil is an important resource for developing integrated pest management and sustainable strategies for pest control worldwide. Moreover, the future implementation prospects of species of Metarhizium being used as bioinoculants and possible new advances in the utility of this fungus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mesquita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Shasha Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tais B. Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Silva Golo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Bidochka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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Ridha MR, Marlinae L, Zubaidah T, Fadillah NA, Widjaja J, Rosadi D, Rahayu N, Ningsih M, Desimal I, Sofyandi A. Control methods for invasive mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:1952-1963. [PMID: 37859959 PMCID: PMC10583872 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1952-1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The two invasive mosquito species in Indonesia are Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. These mosquitoes are a serious nuisance to humans and are also the primary vectors of several foreign pathogens, such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. Efforts must be made to reduce the possibility of mosquito bites and the potential for disease transmission. Given the invasion of these two Aedes species, this approach should be considered as part of an integrated strategy to manage them. This review discusses existing and developing control techniques for invasive Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, with an emphasis on those that have been and are being used in Indonesia. Environmental, mechanical, biological (e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis and Wolbachia), and chemical (e.g., insect growth regulators and pyrethroids) approaches are discussed in this review, considering their effectiveness, sustainability, and control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rasyid Ridha
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Lenie Marlinae
- Department of Environmental Health, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Tien Zubaidah
- Environmental Health Program, Banjarmasin Health Polytechnic, Jl. H. Mistar Cokrokusumo No.1A, Kemuning, Banjar Baru, South Kalimantan, 70714, Indonesia
| | - Noor Ahda Fadillah
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Junus Widjaja
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Dian Rosadi
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health Study Program, Medical Faculty, Universitas Labung Mangkurat, Jl. A. Yani, Km. 36 Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Nita Rahayu
- Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases Research Group, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, Cibinong Science Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM.46, Bogor, West Java, 16915, Indonesia
| | - Murtiana Ningsih
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Iwan Desimal
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - Arif Sofyandi
- Public Health Study Program, Sports Sciences and Public Health Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Jl. Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
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Gomes SA, Carolino AT, Teodoro TBP, Silva GA, Bitencourt RDOB, Silva CP, Alkhaibari AM, Butt TM, Samuels RI. The Potential of Metarhizium anisopliae Blastospores to Control Aedes aegypti Larvae in the Field. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:759. [PMID: 37504747 PMCID: PMC10381131 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are promising as an environmentally benign alternative to chemical pesticides for mosquito control. The current study investigated the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores against Aedes aegypti under both laboratory and field conditions. Virulence bioassays of conidia and blastospores were conducted in the laboratory, while field simulation bioassays were conducted under two conditions: totally shaded (TS) or partially shaded (PS). In the first bioassay (zero h), the larvae were added to the cups shortly after the preparation of the blastospores, and in the subsequent assays, larvae were added to the cups 3, 6, 9, and 12 days later. The survival of the larvae exposed to blastospores in the laboratory was zero on day two, as was the case for the larvae exposed to conidia on the sixth day. Under TS conditions, zero survival was seen on the third day of the bioassay. Under PS conditions, low survival rates were recorded on day 7. For the persistence bioassay under PS conditions, low survival rates were also observed. Metarhizium anisopliae blastospores were more virulent to Ae. aegypti larvae than conidia in the laboratory. Blastospores remained virulent under field simulation conditions. However, virulence rapidly declined from the third day of field bioassays. Formulating blastospores in vegetable oil could protect these propagules when applied under adverse conditions. This is the first time that blastospores have been tested against mosquito larvae under simulated field conditions, and the current study could be the basis for the development of a new biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Azevedo Gomes
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Carolino
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Thais Berçot Pontes Teodoro
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Gerson Adriano Silva
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
| | - Carlos Peres Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Abeer M Alkhaibari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq M Butt
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PB, UK
| | - Richard Ian Samuels
- Laboratório de Entomologia e Fitopatologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro 28013-602, Brazil
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Qin Y, Liu X, Peng G, Xia Y, Cao Y. Recent Advancements in Pathogenic Mechanisms, Applications and Strategies for Entomopathogenic Fungi in Mosquito Biocontrol. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:746. [PMID: 37504734 PMCID: PMC10381795 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases are widespread among insects and play a crucial role in naturally regulating insect populations. Mosquitoes, known as vectors for numerous infectious diseases, pose a significant threat to human health. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have emerged as highly promising alternative agents to chemical mosquitocides for controlling mosquitoes at all stages of their life cycle due to their unique infection pathway through direct contact with the insect's cuticle. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in understanding the infection pathways and pathogenic mechanisms of EPF against mosquitoes. Various strategies involving the use of EPF alone or combinations with other approaches have been employed to target mosquitoes at various developmental stages. Moreover, the application of genetic technologies in fungi has opened up new avenues for enhancing the mosquitocidal efficacy of EPF. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in our understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EPF, their applications in mosquito management, and the combination of EPF with other approaches and employment of transgenic technologies. The biosafety concerns associated with their use and the corresponding approaches are also discussed. The recent progress suggests that EPF have the potential to serve as a future biorational tool for controlling mosquito vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guoxiong Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuxian Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yueqing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticides, Chongqing 401331, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation Technologies, Chongqing Municipal Education Commission, Chongqing 401331, China
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Bitencourt RDOB, dos Santos-Mallet JR, Lowenberger C, Ventura A, Gôlo PS, Bittencourt VREP, Angelo IDC. A Novel Model of Pathogenesis of Metarhizium anisopliae Propagules through the Midguts of Aedes aegypti Larvae. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14040328. [PMID: 37103143 PMCID: PMC10146130 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Aedes aegypti. Conidia of M. anisopliae strains CG 489, CG 153, and IBCB 481 were grown in Adamek medium under different conditions to improve blastospore production. Mosquito larvae were exposed to blastospores or conidia of the three fungal strains at 1 × 107 propagules mL-1. M. anisopliae IBCB 481 and CG 153 reduced larval survival by 100%, whereas CG 489 decreased survival by about 50%. Blastospores of M. anisopliae IBCB 481 had better results in lowering larval survival. M. anisopliae CG 489 and CG 153 reduced larval survival similarly. For histopathology (HP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), larvae were exposed to M. anisopliae CG 153 for 24 h or 48 h. SEM confirmed the presence of fungi in the digestive tract, while HP confirmed that propagules reached the hemocoel via the midgut, damaged the peritrophic matrix, caused rupture and atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, caused cytoplasmic disorganization of the enterocytes, and degraded the brush border. Furthermore, we report for the first time the potential of M. anisopliae IBCB 481 to kill Ae. aegypti larvae and methods to improve the production of blastospores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacenir Reis dos Santos-Mallet
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina 64001-350, PI, Brazil
- Laboratory of Surveillance and Biodiversity in Health, Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu 28300-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Adriana Ventura
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
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Tawidian P, Kang Q, Michel K. The Potential of a New Beauveria bassiana Isolate for Mosquito Larval Control. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:131-147. [PMID: 36633608 PMCID: PMC9993401 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae), and the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) are of public health concern due to their ability to transmit disease-causing parasites and pathogens. Current mosquito control strategies to prevent vector-borne diseases rely mainly on the use of chemicals. However, insecticide resistance in mosquito populations necessitates alternative control measures, including biologicals such as entomopathogenic fungi. Here we report the impact of a new Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hyprocreales: Cordycipitaeceae) isolate, isolated from field-collected Ae. albopictus larvae on mosquito survival and development. Larval infection bioassays using three B. bassiana conidial concentrations were performed on the second and third larval instars of An. gambiae and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Larvae were monitored daily for survival and development to pupae and adults. Our results show that B. bassiana MHK was more effective in killing An. gambiae than Ae. albopictus larvae. We further observed delays in development to pupae and adults in both mosquito species exposed the varying concentrations of B. bassiana as compared to the water control. In addition, larval exposure to B. bassiana reduced adult male and female survival in both mosquito species, further contributing to mosquito population control. Thus, this study identifies a new B. bassiana isolate as a possible biological control agent of two mosquito species of public health concern, increasing the arsenal for integrated mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patil Tawidian
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Qing Kang
- Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Wu J, Sun T, Bashir MH, Qiu B, Wang X, Ali S. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals differences in gene expression in whitefly following individual or combined applications of Akanthomyces attenuatus (Zare & Gams) and matrine. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:808. [PMID: 36474158 PMCID: PMC9727895 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious pest of crops in different regions of the world. Our recent studies on the joint application of Akanthomyces attenuatus (a pathogenic insect fungus) and matrine (a botanical insecticide) against B. tabaci have shown promising results. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we identified differentially expressed genes involved in whitefly responses to single or mixed applications of A. attenuatus and matrine. METHODS In this study, we compared the transcriptome profiles of B. tabaci treated with individual and combined treatments of A. attenuatus and matrine to determine variations in gene expression among whiteflies in response to different treatments. RESULTS Transcriptomic data analysis showed differential expression of 71, 1194, and 51 genes in response to A. attenuatus (BtA), matrine (BtM), and A. attenuatus + matrine (BtAM) treatment, respectively. A total of 65 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between whiteflies treated with A. attenuatus (BtA) and matrine (BtM). A comparison of DEGs across the three treatments (BtA, BtM, and BtAM) revealed two common DEGs. The results also revealed that AMPK signaling, apoptosis, and drug metabolism pathways are likely involved in whitefly defense responses against A. attenuatus and matrine infection. Furthermore, a notable suppression of general metabolism and immune response genes was observed in whiteflies treated with A. attenuatus + matrine (BtAM) compared to whiteflies treated with individual A. attenuatus (BtA) or matrine (BtM) treatments. CONCLUSION Dynamic changes in the number of differentially expressed genes were observed in B. tabaci subjected to different treatments (BtA, BtM, and BtAM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the molecular interactions between whitefly and individual or combined treatments of A. attenuatus and matrine. These results will further improve our knowledge of the infection mechanism and complex biochemical processes involved in the synergistic action of A. attenuatus and matrine against B. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wu
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Tingfei Sun
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Muhammad Hamid Bashir
- grid.413016.10000 0004 0607 1563Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Baoli Qiu
- grid.411575.30000 0001 0345 927XChongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331 China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Tian Q, Ali S, Tang L, Wu J. Toxicological and Biochemical Description of Synergism of Beauveria bassiana and Emamectin Benzoate against Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090916. [PMID: 36135641 PMCID: PMC9503021 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prophylactic application of synthetic insecticides to manage Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagrall) has resulted in insecticide resistance and negative impacts upon natural ecosystems. This has driven the need for developing alternative pest control strategies. In the present study, we investigated the synergistic interaction between the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and the insecticide emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus. The results of our research exhibited that higher doses of emamectin benzoate inhibited the germination rate and colony growth of B. bassiana. The percentage of M. usitatus mortality following B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate treatment indicated a dose–mortality effect. All concentrations of emamectin benzoate combined with different concentrations of B. bassiana demonstrated a synergistic effect five days post-treatment. When B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate were applied alone or in combination, antioxidant enzyme activities, including acetylcholinesterase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase, were significantly lower in M. usiatus than in the controls at the end of the experimental period. The findings of our study confirm the synergistic effect of B. bassiana and emamectin benzoate on M. usitatus, as well as the biochemical process that might be involved in the regulation of the synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingheng Tian
- Taiqian County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Puyang 457600, China
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Engineering Research Centre of Biological Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biological Control, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (J.W.)
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Delivery and effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito and tick control: current knowledge and research challenges. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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11
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de Oliveira MR, Katak RDM, da Silva GF, Marinotti O, Terenius O, Tadei WP, de Souza ADL, de Souza AQL. Extracts of Amazonian Fungi With Larvicidal Activities Against Aedes aegypti. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743246. [PMID: 34956113 PMCID: PMC8702858 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The global increase in diseases transmitted by the vector Aedes aegypti, new and re-emerging, underscores the need for alternative and more effective methods of controlling mosquitoes. Our aim was to identify fungal strains from the Amazon rain forest that produce metabolites with larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. Thirty-six fungal strains belonging to 23 different genera of fungi, isolated from water samples collected in the state of Amazonas, Brazil were cultivated. The liquid medium was separated from the mycelium by filtration. Medium fractions were extracted with ethyl acetate and isopropanol 9:1 volume:volume, and the mycelia with ethyl acetate and methanol 1:1. The extracts were vacuum dried and the larvicidal activity was evaluated in selective bioassays containing 500 μg/ml of the dried fungal extracts. Larval mortality was evaluated up to 72 h. None of the mycelium extracts showed larvicidal activity greater than 50% at 72 h. In contrast, 15 culture medium extracts had larvicidal activity equal to or greater than 50% and eight killed more than 90% of the larvae within 72 h. These eight extracts from fungi belonging to seven different genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Trichoderma, Diaporthe, Albifimbria, Emmia, and Sarocladium) were selected for the determination of LC50 and LC90. Albifimbria lateralis (1160) medium extracts presented the lowest LC50 value (0.268 μg/ml) after 24 h exposure. Diaporthe ueckerae (1203) medium extracts presented the lowest value of LC90 (2.928 μg/ml) at 24 h, the lowest values of LC50 (0.108 μg/ml) and LC90 (0.894 μg/ml) at 48 h and also at 72 h (LC50 = 0.062 μg/ml and LC90 = 0.476 μg/ml). Extracts from Al. lateralis (1160) and D. ueckerae (1203) showed potential for developing new, naturally derived products, to be applied in integrated vector management programs against Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (PPG-BIONORTE), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Melo Katak
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wanderli Pedro Tadei
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (PPG-BIONORTE), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Afonso Duarte Leão de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (PPG-BIONORTE), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (PPG-BIONORTE), Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
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How Dopamine Influences Survival and Cellular Immune Response of Rhipicephalus microplus Inoculated with Metarhizium anisopliae. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110950. [PMID: 34829237 PMCID: PMC8622812 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a biogenic monoamine reported to modulate insect hemocytes. Although the immune functions of DA are known in insects, there is a lack of knowledge of DA’s role in the immune system of ticks. The use of Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered for tick control, driving studies on the immune response of these arthropods challenged with fungi. The present study evaluated the effect of DA on the cellular immune response and survival of Rhipicephalus microplus inoculated with M. anisopliae blastospores. Exogenous DA increased both ticks’ survival 72 h after M. anisopliae inoculation and the number of circulating hemocytes compared to the control group, 24 h after the treatment. The phagocytic index of tick hemocytes challenged with M. anisopliae did not change upon injection of exogenous DA. Phenoloxidase activity in the hemolymph of ticks injected with DA and the fungus or exclusively with DA was higher than in untreated ticks or ticks inoculated with the fungus alone, 72 h after treatment. DA was detected in the hemocytes of fungus-treated and untreated ticks. Unveiling the cellular immune response in ticks challenged with entomopathogenic fungi is important to improve strategies for the biological control of these ectoparasites.
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Insect-fungal-interactions: A detailed review on entomopathogenic fungi pathogenicity to combat insect pests. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105122. [PMID: 34352375 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Global food security is threatened by insect pests of economically important crops. Chemical pesticides have been used frequently for the last few decades to manage insect pests throughout the world. However, these chemicals are hazardous for human health as well as the ecosystem. In addition, several pests have evolved resistance to many chemicals. Finding environment friendly alternatives lead the researchers to introduce biocontrol agents such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). These fungi include various genera that can infect and kill insects efficiently. Moreover, EPFs have considerable host specificity with a mild effect on non-target organisms and can be produced in bulk quantity quickly. However, insights into the biology of EPF and mechanism of action are of prime significance for their efficient utilization as a biocontrol agent. This review focuses on EPF-mediated insect management by explaining particular EPF strains and their general mode of action. We have comprehensively discussed which criteria should be used for the selection of pertinent EPF, and which aspects can impact the EPF efficiency. Finally, we have outlined various advantages of EPF and their limitations. The article summarizes the prospects related to EPF utilization as biocontrol agents. We hope that future strategies for the management of insects will be safer for our planet.
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Koodalingam A, Dayanidhi MK. Studies on biochemical and synergistic effects of immunosuppressive concentration of imidacloprid with Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for enhancement of virulence against vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104882. [PMID: 34119224 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to increase the virulence of two commonly used entomopathogens namely Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae for effective mosquito control programs, we developed new combined formulation by the use of immunosuppressive concentration of imidacloprid. Exposure of sublethal concentration (LC10 1.34 ppb) of imidacloprid to second instar larvae for 92 h that differently modulated the larval biochemical markers by decreasing the total protein (20.65% reduction), acetylcholinesterase (35.74% reduction) and increases the β-carboxylesterase (26.59% increase) and acid phosphatase (30.69% increase) levels while no significant difference was noticed in alkaline phosphatase of C. quinquefasciatus. Further we demonstrated that the imidacloprid exposure brings about reduction in phenoloxidase level (39.48% decrease) and nitric oxide production (37.64% decrease) in larval homogenate over control. The reduction in viability of hemocytes (15.37% decrease) and phagocytic activity of hemocytes (32.18% decrease) was noticed in imidacloprid treatment. Moreover in laboratory condition, exposure of 1 × 107 spores/ml of B. bassiana (984) and M. anisopliae (6060) alone for 92 h cumulative toxicity assay exhibited larval mortality of 36.47% and 47.64% respectively against C. quinquefasciatus. However in the synergistic experimental studies with LC10 of imidacloprid and 1 × 107 spores/ml of B. bassiana or M. anisopliae to the larvae for 92 h cumulative assay brought 60% and 50.59% more insecticidal activity than the respective entomopathogens alone. The substantial increase of larvicidal activity noticed in the synergistic test conditions against larvae of C. quinquefasciatus revealed that the inclusion of sublethal concentration was proved to be useful for effective larval control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunagirinathan Koodalingam
- PG & Research Department of Zoology, Sir Theagaraya College, Old Washermenpet, Chennai 600 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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