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Sultana T, Fahad MAA, Park M, Kwon SH, Lee BT. Physicochemical, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of VEGF loaded PCL-mPEG and PDGF loaded PCL-Chitosan dual layered vascular grafts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35325. [PMID: 37675952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study has attempted to evaluate the endothelialization and smooth muscle regeneration efficiency of a novel dual-layer small-diameter vascular graft. Two types of layers (PCL-mPEG-VEGF and PCL-Chitosan-PDGF) were fabricated to find out the best layer giving endothelialization support for the lumen and unique contractile function for outer layer of blood vessels. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and chitosan were immobilized onto PCL surface by aminolysis-based surface modification technique. Besides, Poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were directly blended with PCL. Morphological analysis of membranes ensured consistency of average fibers diameter with native extracellular matrix. A favorable interaction of PCL-mPEG-VEGF with cow pulmonary endothelial cells (CPAEs) and PCL-Chitosan-PDGF with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (RBMSCs) was obtained during in vitro study. Controlled growth factor release patterns were found from both layers. Further, PCL-mPEG-VEGF exhibited endothelial markers expression properties from RBMSCs. Up-regulation of SMCs markers expression was significantly ensured by the PCL-Chitosan-PDGF membrane. Thus, PCL-mPEG-VEGF and PCL-Chitosan-PDGF were preferred as inner and outer layers respectively of a finally prepared tubular hybrid tissue engineered small diameter vascular graft. Finally, the dual-layer vascular graft was implanted onto a rat abdominal aorta model for 2 months. The extracted samples exhibited the presence of endothelial marker (ICAM 1) in the inner layer and smooth muscle cell marker (αSMA) in the outer layer as well as substantial amount of collagen deposition was observed in the both layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Sultana
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdullah Al Fahad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongki Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ha Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Byong-Taek Lee
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Liu S, Al-Danakh A, Wang H, Sun Y, Wang L. Advancements in scaffold for treating ligament injuries; in vitro evaluation. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300251. [PMID: 37974555 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Tendon/ligament (T/L) injuries are a worldwide health problem that affects millions of people annually. Due to the characteristics of tendons, the natural rehabilitation of their injuries is a very complex and lengthy process. Surgical treatment of a T/L injury frequently necessitates using autologous or allogeneic grafts or synthetic materials. Nonetheless, these alternatives have limitations in terms of mechanical properties and histocompatibility, and they do not permit the restoration of the original biological function of the tissue, which can negatively impact the patient's quality of life. It is crucial to find biological materials that possess the necessary properties for the successful surgical treatment of tissues and organs. In recent years, the in vitro regeneration of tissues and organs from stem cells has emerged as a promising approach for preparing autologous tissue and organs, and cell culture scaffolds play a critical role in this process. However, the biological traits and serviceability of different materials used for cell culture scaffolds vary significantly, which can impact the properties of the cultured tissues. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the differences in the biological properties and suitability of various materials based on scaffold characteristics such as cell compatibility, degradability, textile technologies, fiber arrangement, pore size, and porosity. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights to aid in the selection of appropriate scaffolds for in vitro tissue and organ culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Abdullah Al-Danakh
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haowen Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genomics and Department of Cell Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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3
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McWilliam RH, Chang W, Liu Z, Wang J, Han F, Black RA, Wu J, Luo X, Li B, Shu W. Three-dimensional biofabrication of nanosecond laser micromachined nanofibre meshes for tissue engineered scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS TRANSLATIONAL 2023; 4:104-114. [PMID: 38283921 PMCID: PMC10817787 DOI: 10.12336/biomatertransl.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
There is a high demand for bespoke grafts to replace damaged or malformed bone and cartilage tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a method of fabricating complex anatomical features of clinically relevant sizes. However, the construction of a scaffold to replicate the complex hierarchical structure of natural tissues remains challenging. This paper reports a novel biofabrication method that is capable of creating intricately designed structures of anatomically relevant dimensions. The beneficial properties of the electrospun fibre meshes can finally be realised in 3D rather than the current promising breakthroughs in two-dimensional (2D). The 3D model was created from commercially available computer-aided design software packages in order to slice the model down into many layers of slices, which were arrayed. These 2D slices with each layer of a defined pattern were laser cut, and then successfully assembled with varying thicknesses of 100 μm or 200 μm. It is demonstrated in this study that this new biofabrication technique can be used to reproduce very complex computer-aided design models into hierarchical constructs with micro and nano resolutions, where the clinically relevant sizes ranging from a simple cube of 20 mm dimension, to a more complex, 50 mm-tall human ears were created. In-vitro cell-contact studies were also carried out to investigate the biocompatibility of this hierarchal structure. The cell viability on a micromachined electrospun polylactic-co-glycolic acid fibre mesh slice, where a range of hole diameters from 200 μm to 500 μm were laser cut in an array where cell confluence values of at least 85% were found at three weeks. Cells were also seeded onto a simpler stacked construct, albeit made with micromachined poly fibre mesh, where cells can be found to migrate through the stack better with collagen as bioadhesives. This new method for biofabricating hierarchical constructs can be further developed for tissue repair applications such as maxillofacial bone injury or nose/ear cartilage replacement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross H. McWilliam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenlong Chang
- Centre for Precision Manufacturing, Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhao Liu
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayuan Wang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fengxuan Han
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Richard A. Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Junxi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xichun Luo
- Centre for Precision Manufacturing, Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopaedic Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenmiao Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Stocco TD, Bassous N, Oliveira Lobo A. Nanostructured materials for bone tissue replacement. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-818627-5.00003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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Erickson A, Chiarelli PA, Huang J, Levengood SL, Zhang M. Electrospun nanofibers for 3-D cancer models, diagnostics, and therapy. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:1279-1298. [PMID: 36106417 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of global mortality, cancer has prompted extensive research and development to advance efficacious drug discovery, sustained drug delivery and improved sensitivity in diagnosis. Towards these applications, nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning have exhibited great clinical potential as a biomimetic tumor microenvironment model for drug screening, a controllable platform for localized, prolonged drug release for cancer therapy, and a highly sensitive cancer diagnostic tool for capture and isolation of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream and for detection of cancer-associated biomarkers. This review provides an overview of applied nanofiber design with focus on versatile electrospinning fabrication techniques. The influence of topographical, physical, and biochemical properties on the function of nanofiber assemblies is discussed, as well as current and foreseeable barriers to the clinical translation of applied nanofibers in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Erickson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Peter A Chiarelli
- The Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Jianxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Sheeny Lan Levengood
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Chen S, Hu J, Shen L, Yu Y. Research Progress Concerning a Novel Intraocular Lens for the Prevention of Posterior Capsular Opacification. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1343. [PMID: 35890240 PMCID: PMC9318653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication resulting from cataract surgery and limits the long-term postoperative visual outcome. Using Nd:YAG laser-assisted posterior capsulotomy for the clinical treatment of symptomatic PCO increases the risks of complications, such as glaucoma, retinal diseases, uveitis, and intraocular lens (IOL) pitting. Therefore, finding how to prevent PCO development is the subject of active investigations. As a replacement organ, the IOL is implanted into the lens capsule after cataract surgery, but it is also associated with the occurrence of PCO. Using IOL as a medium for PCO prophylaxis is a more facile and efficient method that has demonstrated various clinical application prospects. Thus, scientists have conducted a lot of research on new intraocular lens fabrication methods, such as optimizing IOL materials and design, and IOL surface modification (including plasma/ultraviolet/ozone treatment, chemical grafting, drug loading, coating modification, and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods). This paper summarizes the research progress for different types of intraocular lenses prepared by different surface modifications, including anti-biofouling IOLs, enhanced-adhesion IOLs, micro-patterned IOLs, photothermal IOLs, photodynamic IOLs, and drug-loading IOLs. These modified intraocular lenses inhibit PCO development by reducing the residual intraoperative lens epithelial cells or by regulating the cellular behavior of lens epithelial cells. In the future, more works are needed to improve the biosecurity and therapeutic efficacy of these modified IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
- Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (S.C.); (J.H.); (L.S.)
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7
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Filipov E, Angelova L, Vig S, Fernandes MH, Moreau G, Lasgorceix M, Buchvarov I, Daskalova A. Investigating Potential Effects of Ultra-Short Laser-Textured Porous Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffolds on Bacterial Adhesion and Bone Cell Metabolism. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122382. [PMID: 35745958 PMCID: PMC9227156 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing antimicrobial surfaces that combat implant-associated infections while promoting host cell response is a key strategy for improving current therapies for orthopaedic injuries. In this paper, we present the application of ultra-short laser irradiation for patterning the surface of a 3D biodegradable synthetic polymer in order to affect the adhesion and proliferation of bone cells and reject bacterial cells. The surfaces of 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were processed with a femtosecond laser (λ = 800 nm; τ = 130 fs) for the production of patterns resembling microchannels or microprotrusions. MG63 osteoblastic cells, as well as S. aureus and E. coli, were cultured on fs-laser-treated samples. Their attachment, proliferation, and metabolic activity were monitored via colorimetric assays and scanning electron microscopy. The microchannels improved the wettability, stimulating the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of osteoblastic cells. The same topography induced cell-pattern orientation and promoted the expression of alkaline phosphatase in cells growing in an osteogenic medium. The microchannels exerted an inhibitory effect on S. aureus as after 48 h cells appeared shrunk and disrupted. In comparison, E. coli formed an abundant biofilm over both the laser-treated and control samples; however, the film was dense and adhesive on the control PCL but unattached over the microchannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Filipov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Liliya Angelova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Sanjana Vig
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.H.F.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentaria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (S.V.); (M.H.F.)
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gerard Moreau
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS, F-59313 Valenciennes, France; (G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Marie Lasgorceix
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Céramiques et Procédés Associés, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, CERAMATHS, F-59313 Valenciennes, France; (G.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Ivan Buchvarov
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 5 James Bourchier Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Daskalova
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigradsko Shousse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (A.D.)
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8
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Brooks AK, Chakravarty S, Ali M, Yadavalli VK. Kirigami-Inspired Biodesign for Applications in Healthcare. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109550. [PMID: 35073433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanically flexible and conformable materials and integrated devices have found diverse applications in personalized healthcare as diagnostics and therapeutics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine constructs, surgical tools, secure systems, and assistive technologies. In order to impart optimal mechanical properties to the (bio)materials used in these applications, various strategies have been explored-from composites to structural engineering. In recent years, geometric cuts inspired by the art of paper-cutting, referred to as kirigami, have provided innovative opportunities for conferring precise mechanical properties via material removal. Kirigami-based approaches have been used for device design in areas ranging from soft bioelectronics to energy storage. In this review, the principles of kirigami-inspired engineering specifically for biomedical applications are discussed. Factors pertinent to their design, including cut geometry, materials, and fabrication, and the effect these parameters have on their properties and configurations are covered. Examples of kirigami designs in healthcare are presented, such as, various form factors of sensors (on skin, wearable), implantable devices, therapeutics, surgical procedures, and cellular scaffolds for regenerative medicine. Finally, the challenges and future scope for the successful translation of these biodesign concepts to broader deployment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katherine Brooks
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Sudesna Chakravarty
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Maryam Ali
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
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9
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Zarubova J, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Ardehali R, Li S. Immunoengineering strategies to enhance vascularization and tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114233. [PMID: 35304171 PMCID: PMC10726003 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells have emerged as powerful regulators of regenerative as well as pathological processes. The vast majority of regenerative immunoengineering efforts have focused on macrophages; however, growing evidence suggests that other cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system are as important for successful revascularization and tissue repair. Moreover, spatiotemporal regulation of immune cells and their signaling have a significant impact on the regeneration speed and the extent of functional recovery. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different types of immune cells to the healing process and discuss ways to manipulate and control immune cells in favor of vascularization and tissue regeneration. In addition to cell delivery and cell-free therapies using extracellular vesicles, we discuss in situ strategies and engineering approaches to attract specific types of immune cells and modulate their phenotypes. This field is making advances to uncover the extraordinary potential of immune cells and their secretome in the regulation of vascularization and tissue remodeling. Understanding the principles of immunoregulation will help us design advanced immunoengineering platforms to harness their power for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zarubova
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | | | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Cheng D, Xu S, Du C, Xie L, Zhao W. Applications of electrospun scaffolds with enlarged pores in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1423-1447. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite electrospinning has multiple advantages over other methods such as creating materials with superfine fiber diameter, high specific surface area, and good mechanical properties, the pore diameter of scaffolds prepared...
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11
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Sundaram S, Chen CS. Next-generation engineered microsystems for cell biology: a systems-level roadmap. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:490-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Filiz Y, Saglam-Metiner P, Ersoy S, Yesil-Celiktas O. Supercritical carbon dioxide dried double layer laponite XLS and alginate/polyacrylamide construct and immune response. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101712. [PMID: 34920234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of immunocompatible tissue constructs for bone-cartilage defect regeneration is of prime importance. In this study, a double layer hydrogel was successfully synthesized, where alginate/polyacrylamide were formulated to represent cartilage layer (5-10 % (w/w) total polymer ratio) and laponite XLS (2-5-8% (w/w))/alginate/polyacrylamide formed bone layer. Hydrogels were dried by supercritical CO2 at 100 and 200 bar, 45 °C, 5 g/min CO2 flow rate for 2 h. Constructs were treated with collagen, then cellularized and embedded in cell-laden GelMA to mimic the cellular microenvironment. The optimum weight ratio of alginate/polyacrylamide:laponite XLS was 10:5 based on mechanical strength test results. The constructs yielded high porosity (91.50 m2/g) and mesoporous structure, owing to the diffusivity of CO2 at 200 bar (0.49 × 10-7 m2/s). Constructs were then treated with collagen to increase cell adhesion and ATDC5 cells were seeded in the cartilage layer, whereas hFOB cells to the bone layer. About 10-15 % higher cell viability was attained. The porous structure of the construct allowed infiltration of macrophages, promoted polarization and positively affected the behavior of macrophages, yielding a decrease in M1 markers, whereas an increase in M2 on day 4. The formulated tissue constructs would be of value in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Filiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pelin Saglam-Metiner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seymanur Ersoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Mahara A, Kojima K, Yamamoto M, Hirano Y, Yamaoka T. Accelerated tissue regeneration in decellularized vascular grafts with a patterned pore structure. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:2544-2550. [PMID: 34787632 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized tissue is expected to be utilized as a regenerative scaffold. However, the migration of host cells into the central region of the decellularized tissues is minimal because the tissues are mainly formed with dense collagen and elastin fibers. This results in insufficient tissue regeneration. Herein, it is demonstrated that host cell migration can be accelerated by using decellularized tissue with a patterned pore structure. Patterned pores with inner diameters of 24.5 ± 0.4 μm were fabricated at 100, 250, and 500 μm intervals in the decellularized vascular grafts via laser ablation. The grafts were transplanted into rat subcutaneous tissue for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. All the microporous grafts underwent faster recellularization with macrophages and fibroblast cells than the non-porous control tissue. In the case of non-porous tissue, the cells infiltrated approximately 50% of the area four weeks after transplantation. However, almost the entire area was occupied by the cells after two weeks when the micropores were aligned at a distance of less than 250 μm. These results suggest that host cell infiltration depends on the micropore interval, and a distance shorter than 250 μm can accelerate cell migration into decellularized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe-shin Machi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Kojima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe-shin Machi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan. .,Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka 565-8680, Japan
| | - Masami Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe-shin Machi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan. .,Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie 510-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Hirano
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamatecho, Suita, Osaka 565-8680, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Yamaoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Kishibe-shin Machi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
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14
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Oliveira H, Médina C, Labrunie G, Dusserre N, Catros S, Magnan L, Handschin C, Stachowicz ML, Fricain JC, L'Heureux N. Cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM): a human biopaper for the biofabrication of pre-vascularized tissues able to connect to the host circulation in vivo. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34695012 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac2f81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
When considering regenerative approaches, the efficient creation of a functional vasculature, that can support the metabolic needs of bioengineered tissues, is essential for their survival after implantation. However, it is widely recognized that the post-implantation microenvironment of the engineered tissues is often hypoxic due to insufficient vascularization, resulting in ischemia injury and necrosis. This is one of the main limitations of current tissue engineering applications aiming at replacing significant tissue volumes. Here, we have explored the use of a new biomaterial, the cell-assembled extracellular matrix (CAM), as a biopaper to biofabricate a vascular system. CAM sheets are a unique, fully biological and fully human material that has already shown stable long-term implantation in humans. We demonstrated, for the first time, the use of this unprocessed human ECM as a microperforated biopaper. Using microvalve dispensing bioprinting, concentrated human endothelial cells (30 millions ml-1) were deposited in a controlled geometry in CAM sheets and cocultured with HSFs. Following multilayer assembly, thick ECM-based constructs fused and supported the survival and maturation of capillary-like structures for up to 26 d of culture. Following 3 weeks of subcutaneous implantation in a mice model, constructs showed limited degradative response and the pre-formed vasculature successfully connected with the host circulatory system to establish active perfusion.This mechanically resilient tissue equivalent has great potential for the creation of more complex implantable tissues, where rapid anastomosis is sine qua non for cell survival and efficient tissue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Oliveira
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Médina
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - G Labrunie
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - N Dusserre
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - S Catros
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - L Magnan
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - C Handschin
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M L Stachowicz
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - J-C Fricain
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, ART BioPrint, F-33076 Bordeaux, France.,CHU Bordeaux, Services d'Odontologie et de Santé Buccale, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - N L'Heureux
- University of Bordeaux, Laboratory for the Bioengineering of Tissues (BIOTIS), UMR1026 INSERM, F-33076 Bordeaux, France
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15
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Daskalova A, Angelova L, Filipov E, Aceti D, Mincheva R, Carrete X, Kerdjoudj H, Dubus M, Chevrier J, Trifonov A, Buchvarov I. Biomimetic Hierarchical Structuring of PLA by Ultra-Short Laser Pulses for Processing of Tissue Engineered Matrices: Study of Cellular and Antibacterial Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2577. [PMID: 34372179 PMCID: PMC8348702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of ultra-short laser modification on the surface morphology and possible chemical alteration of poly-lactic acid (PLA) matrix in respect to the optimization of cellular and antibacterial behavior were investigated in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphological examination of the processed PLA surface showed the formation of diverse hierarchical surface microstructures, generated by irradiation with a range of laser fluences (F) and scanning velocities (V) values. By controlling the laser parameters, diverse surface roughness can be achieved, thus influencing cellular dynamics. This surface feedback can be applied to finely tune and control diverse biomaterial surface properties like wettability, reflectivity, and biomimetics. The triggering of thermal effects, leading to the ejection of material with subsequent solidification and formation of raised rims and 3D-like hollow structures along the processed zones, demonstrated a direct correlation to the wettability of the PLA. A transition from superhydrophobic (θ > 150°) to super hydrophilic (θ < 20°) surfaces can be achieved by the creation of grooves with V = 0.6 mm/s, F = 1.7 J/cm2. The achieved hierarchical architecture affected morphology and thickness of the processed samples which were linked to the nature of ultra-short laser-material interaction effects, namely the precipitation of temperature distribution during material processing can be strongly minimized with ultrashort pulses leading to non-thermal and spatially localized effects that can facilitate volume ablation without collateral thermal damage The obtained modification zones were analyzed employing Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and optical profilometer. The modification of the PLA surface resulted in an increased roughness value for treatment with lower velocities (V = 0.6 mm/s). Thus, the substrate gains a 3D-like architecture and forms a natural matrix by microprocessing with V = 0.6 mm/s, F = 1.7 J/cm2, and V = 3.8 mm/s, F = 0.8 J/cm2. The tests performed with Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrated that the ultra-short laser surface modification altered the cell orientation and promoted cell growth. The topographical design was tested also for the effectiveness of bacterial attachment concerning chosen parameters for the creation of an array with defined geometrical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena Daskalova
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (E.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Liliya Angelova
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (E.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Emil Filipov
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (E.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Dante Aceti
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano-Photonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria; (L.A.); (E.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Rosica Mincheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (R.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xavier Carrete
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium; (R.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Halima Kerdjoudj
- Bomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux BIOS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691, 51100 Reims, France; (H.K.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
- UFR d’odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Marie Dubus
- Bomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux BIOS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691, 51100 Reims, France; (H.K.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
- UFR d’odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Julie Chevrier
- Bomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux BIOS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, EA 4691, 51100 Reims, France; (H.K.); (M.D.); (J.C.)
- UFR d’odontologie, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Anton Trifonov
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.T.); (I.B.)
| | - Ivan Buchvarov
- Faculty of Physics, St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.T.); (I.B.)
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16
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Grewal MG, Highley CB. Electrospun hydrogels for dynamic culture systems: advantages, progress, and opportunities. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4228-4245. [PMID: 33522527 PMCID: PMC8205946 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01588a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a water-swollen, tissue-specific material environment in which biophysiochemical signals are organized and influence cell behaviors. Electrospun nanofibrous substrates have been pursued as platforms for tissue engineering and cell studies that recapitulate features of the native ECM, in particular its fibrous nature. In recent years, progress in the design of electrospun hydrogel systems has demonstrated that molecular design also enables unique studies of cellular behaviors. In comparison to the use of hydrophobic polymeric materials, electrospinning hydrophilic materials that crosslink to form hydrogels offer the potential to achieve the water-swollen, nanofibrous characteristics of endogenous ECM. Although electrospun hydrogels require an additional crosslinking step to stabilize the fibers (allowing fibers to swell with water instead of dissolving) in comparison to their hydrophobic counterparts, researchers have made significant advances in leveraging hydrogel chemistries to incorporate biochemical and dynamic functionalities within the fibers. Consequently, dynamic biophysical and biochemical properties can be engineered into hydrophilic nanofibers that would be difficult to engineer in hydrophobic systems without strategic and sometimes intensive post-processing techniques. This Review describes common methodologies to control biophysical and biochemical properties of both electrospun hydrophobic and hydrogel nanofibers, with an emphasis on highlighting recent progress using hydrogel nanofibers with engineered dynamic complexities to develop culture systems for the study of biological function, dysfunction, development, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gregory Grewal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, VA 22903, USA.
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17
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Han S, Nie K, Li J, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. 3D Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Scaffolds: From Preparations and Properties to Tissue Regeneration Applications. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8790143. [PMID: 34221024 PMCID: PMC8225450 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8790143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have been frequently used for tissue engineering due to their morphological similarities with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and tunable chemical and physical properties for regulating cell behaviors and functions. However, most of the existing electrospun nanofibers have a closely packed two-dimensional (2D) membrane with the intrinsic shortcomings of limited cellular infiltration, restricted nutrition diffusion, and unsatisfied thickness. Three-dimensional (3D) electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds can provide stem cells with 3D microenvironments and biomimetic fibrous structures. Thus, they have been demonstrated to be good candidates for in vivo repair of different tissues. This review summarizes the recent developments in 3D electrospun nanofiber-based scaffolds (ENF-S) for tissue engineering. Three types of 3D ENF-S fabricated using different approaches classified into electrospun nanofiber 3D scaffolds, electrospun nanofiber/hydrogel composite 3D scaffolds, and electrospun nanofiber/porous matrix composite 3D scaffolds are discussed. New functions for these 3D ENF-S and properties, such as facilitated cell infiltration, 3D fibrous architecture, enhanced mechanical properties, and tunable degradability, meeting the requirements of tissue engineering scaffolds were discovered. The applications of 3D ENF-S in cartilage, bone, tendon, ligament, skeletal muscle, nerve, and cardiac tissue regeneration are then presented with a discussion of current challenges and future directions. Finally, we give summaries and future perspectives of 3D ENF-S in tissue engineering and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Han
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kexin Nie
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637457, Singapore
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Center for Functional Sensor and Actuator, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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18
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Biazar E, Kamalvand M, Avani F. Recent advances in surface modification of biopolymeric nanofibrous scaffolds. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1857383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kamalvand
- Department of Biomaterials Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Avani
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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19
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Bellani C, Yue K, Flaig F, Hébraud A, Ray P, Annabi N, Selistre de Araújo HS, Branciforti MC, Minarelli Gaspar AM, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A, Schlatter G. Suturable elastomeric tubular grafts with patterned porosity for rapid vascularization of 3D constructs. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33482658 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdf1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is considered to be one of the key challenges in engineering functional 3D tissues. Engineering suturable vascular grafts containing pores with diameter of several tens of microns in tissue engineered constructs may provide an instantaneous blood perfusion through the grafts improving cell infiltration and thus, allowing rapid vascularization and vascular branching. The aim of this work was to develop suturable tubular scaffolds to be integrated in biofabricated constructs, enabling the direct connection of the biofabricated construct with the host blood stream, providing an immediate blood flow inside the construct. Here, tubular grafts with customizable shapes (tubes, Y-shape capillaries) and controlled diameter ranging from several hundreds of microns to few mm are fabricated based on poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) / poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, a network of pore channels of diameter in the order of 100 µm was machined by laser femtosecond ablation in the tube wall. Both non-machined and laser machined tubular scaffolds elongated more than 100% of their original size have shown suture retention, being 5.85 and 3.96 N/mm2 respectively. To demonstrate the potential of application, the laser machined porous grafts were embedded in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, resulting in elastomeric porous tubular graft/GelMA 3D constructs. These constructs were then co-seeded with osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) at the external side of the graft and endothelial cells (HUVEC) inside, forming a bone osteon model. The laser machined pore network allowed an immediate endothelial cell flow towards the osteoblasts enabling the osteoblasts and endothelial cells to interact and form 3D structures. This rapid vascularization approach could be applied, not only for bone tissue regeneration, but also for a variety of tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bellani
- University of Sao Paulo, AVENIDA TRABALHADOR SÃO-CARLENSE, 400, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, CHINA
| | - Florence Flaig
- ICPEES, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
| | - Anne Hébraud
- ICPEES, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
| | - Pengfei Ray
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Marcia Cristina Branciforti
- Depatament of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, AVENIDA TRABALHADOR SÃO-CARLENSE, 400, ARNOLD SCHMITED, SAO CARLOS, Sao Paulo, SAO PAULO, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Ana Maria Minarelli Gaspar
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, R. Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-385, BRAZIL
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02115, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Guy Schlatter
- ICPEES, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
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20
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Raveau S, Jordana F. Tissue Engineering and Three-Dimensional Printing in Periodontal Regeneration: A Literature Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9124008. [PMID: 33322447 PMCID: PMC7763147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9124008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional printing of scaffolds is an interesting alternative to the traditional techniques of periodontal regeneration. This technique uses computer assisted design and manufacturing after CT scan. After 3D modelling, individualized scaffolds are printed by extrusion, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, or powder bed inkjet printing. These scaffolds can be made of one or several materials such as natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or bioceramics. They can be monophasic or multiphasic and tend to recreate the architectural structure of the periodontal tissue. In order to enhance the bioactivity and have a higher regeneration, the scaffolds can be embedded with stem cells and/or growth factors. This new technique could enhance a complete periodontal regeneration. This review summarizes the application of 3D printed scaffolds in periodontal regeneration. The process, the materials and designs, the key advantages and prospects of 3D bioprinting are highlighted, providing new ideas for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Raveau
- Dental Faculty, University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Dentistry Department, University Health Centre, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabienne Jordana
- Dental Faculty, University of Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France;
- Dentistry Department, University Health Centre, 44000 Nantes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-24041-2928
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21
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Wang Z, Cui W. Two Sides of Electrospun Fiber in Promoting and Inhibiting Biomedical Processes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P. R. China
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22
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Owston HE, Moisley KM, Tronci G, Russell SJ, Giannoudis PV, Jones E. Induced Periosteum-Mimicking Membrane with Cell Barrier and Multipotential Stromal Cell (MSC) Homing Functionalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5233. [PMID: 32718036 PMCID: PMC7432450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current management of critical size bone defects (CSBDs) remains challenging and requires multiple surgeries. To reduce the number of surgeries, wrapping a biodegradable fibrous membrane around the defect to contain the graft and carry biological stimulants for repair is highly desirable. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) can be utilised to realise nonwoven fibrous barrier-like structures through free surface electrospinning (FSE). Human periosteum and induced membrane (IM) samples informed the development of an FSE membrane to support platelet lysate (PL) absorption, multipotential stromal cells (MSC) growth, and the prevention of cell migration. Although thinner than IM, periosteum presented a more mature vascular system with a significantly larger blood vessel diameter. The electrospun membrane (PCL3%-E) exhibited randomly configured nanoscale fibres that were successfully customised to introduce pores of increased diameter, without compromising tensile properties. Additional to the PL absorption and release capabilities needed for MSC attraction and growth, PCL3%-E also provided a favourable surface for the proliferation and alignment of periosteum- and bone marrow derived-MSCs, whilst possessing a barrier function to cell migration. These results demonstrate the development of a promising biodegradable barrier membrane enabling PL release and MSC colonisation, two key functionalities needed for the in situ formation of a transitional periosteum-like structure, enabling movement towards single-surgery CSBD reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. Owston
- Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.T.); (S.J.R.)
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.M.M.); (P.V.G.); (E.J.)
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Katrina M. Moisley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.M.M.); (P.V.G.); (E.J.)
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.T.); (S.J.R.)
- School of Dentistry, St. James’s University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, School of Design, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (G.T.); (S.J.R.)
| | - Peter V. Giannoudis
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.M.M.); (P.V.G.); (E.J.)
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS2 9NS, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (K.M.M.); (P.V.G.); (E.J.)
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23
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Ashinsky BG, Gullbrand SE, Bonnevie ED, Wang C, Kim DH, Han L, Mauck RL, Smith HE. Sacrificial Fibers Improve Matrix Distribution and Micromechanical Properties in a Tissue-Engineered Intervertebral Disc. Acta Biomater 2020; 111:232-241. [PMID: 32447064 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered replacement discs are an area of intense investigation for the treatment of end-stage intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. These living implants can integrate into the IVD space and recapitulate native motion segment function. We recently developed a multiphasic tissue-engineered disc-like angle-ply structure (DAPS) that models the micro-architectural and functional features of native tissue. While these implants resulted in functional restoration of the motion segment in rat and caprine models, we also noted deficiencies in cell infiltration and homogeneity of matrix deposition in the electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) outer region (annulus fibrosus, AF) of the DAPS. To address this limitation, here, we incorporated a sacrificial water-soluble polymer, polyethylene oxide (PEO), as a second fiber fraction within the AF region to increase porosity of the implant. Maturation of these PEO-modified DAPS were evaluated after 5 and 10 weeks of in vitro culture in terms of AF biochemical content, MRI T2 values, overall construct mechanical properties, AF micromechanical properties and cell and matrix distribution. To assess the performance of the PEO-modified DAPS in vivo, precultured constructs were implanted into the rat caudal IVD space for 10 weeks. Results showed that matrix distribution was more homogenous in PCL/PEO DAPS, as evidenced by more robust histological staining, organized collagen deposition and micromechanical properties, compared to standard PCL-only DAPS in vitro. Cell and matrix infiltration were also improved in vivo, but no differences in macromechanical properties and a trend towards improved micromechanical properties were observed. These findings demonstrate that the inclusion of a sacrificial PEO fiber fraction in the DAPS AF region improves cellular colonization, matrix elaboration, and in vitro and in vivo function of an engineered IVD implant. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work establishes a method for improving cell infiltration and matrix distribution within tissue-engineered dense fibrous scaffolds for intervertebral disc replacement. Tissue-engineered whole disc replacements are an attractive alternative to the current gold standard (mechanical disc arthroplasty or vertebral fusion) for the clinical treatment of patients with advanced disc degeneration.
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Takayama I, Kondo N, Kalies S, Heisterkamp A, Terakawa M. Myoblast adhesion and proliferation on biodegradable polymer films with femtosecond laser-fabricated micro through-holes. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000037. [PMID: 32250039 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling cell adhesion and cell differentiation is necessary to fabricate a tissue with arbitrary properties for tissue engineering applications. A substrate with a porous structure as a cell scaffold allows the diffusion of the cell culture medium through the scaffold. In this work, we show that the femtosecond laser fabricated micro through-holes in biodegradable polymer films, enhance myoblast adhesion, and accelerates proliferation and differentiation. ChR2-C2C12 and UT-C2C12 cells were seeded on the films with micro through-holes each fabricated by a single femtosecond laser pulse. Cell adhesion was enhanced on films with holes fabricated by laser irradiation. In addition, cell proliferation was accelerated on films with micro through-holes that penetrate the film, compared to on films with micro craters that do not penetrate the film. On films with arrays consisting of micro through-holes, cells aligned along the arrays and cell fusion was enhanced, indicating the acceleration of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Takayama
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Naonari Kondo
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
| | - Stefan Kalies
- Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Heisterkamp
- Institut fuer Quantenoptik, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Mitsuhiro Terakawa
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama-shi, Japan
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25
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Hao D, Swindell HS, Ramasubramanian L, Liu R, Lam KS, Farmer DL, Wang A. Extracellular Matrix Mimicking Nanofibrous Scaffolds Modified With Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Improved Vascularization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:633. [PMID: 32671037 PMCID: PMC7329993 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The network structure and biological components of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) are indispensable for promoting tissue regeneration. Electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds have been widely used in regenerative medicine to provide structural support for cell growth and tissue regeneration due to their natural ECM mimicking architecture, however, they lack biological functions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potent vehicles of intercellular communication due to their ability to transfer RNAs, proteins, and lipids, thereby mediating significant biological functions in different biological systems. Matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBVs) are identified as an integral and functional component of ECM bioscaffolds mediating significant regenerative functions. Therefore, to engineer EVs modified electrospun scaffolds, mimicking the structure of the natural EV-ECM complex and the physiological interactions between the ECM and EVs, will be attractive and promising in tissue regeneration. Previously, using one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, we identified LLP2A, an integrin α4β1 ligand, which had a strong binding to human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). In this study, we isolated PMSCs derived EVs (PMSC-EVs) and demonstrated they expressed integrin α4β1 and could improve endothelial cell (EC) migration and vascular sprouting in an ex vivo rat aortic ring assay. LLP2A treated culture surface significantly improved PMSC-EV attachment, and the PMSC-EV treated culture surface significantly enhanced the expression of angiogenic genes and suppressed apoptotic activity. We then developed an approach to enable "Click chemistry" to immobilize LLP2A onto the surface of electrospun scaffolds as a linker to immobilize PMSC-EVs onto the scaffold. The PMSC-EV modified electrospun scaffolds significantly promoted EC survival and angiogenic gene expression, such as KDR and TIE2, and suppressed the expression of apoptotic markers, such as caspase 9 and caspase 3. Thus, PMSC-EVs hold promising potential to functionalize biomaterial constructs and improve the vascularization and regenerative potential. The EVs modified biomaterial scaffolds can be widely used for different tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hila Shimshi Swindell
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Creighton RL, Phan J, Woodrow KA. In situ 3D-patterning of electrospun fibers using two-layer composite materials. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7949. [PMID: 32409667 PMCID: PMC7224382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric electrospun nanofibers have extensive applications in filtration, sensing, drug delivery, and tissue engineering that often require the fibers to be patterned or integrated with a larger device. Here, we describe a highly versatile in situ strategy for three-dimensional electrospun fiber patterning using collectors with an insulative surface layer and conductive recessed patterns. We show that two-layer collectors with pattern dimensions down to 100-micrometers are easily fabricated using available laboratory equipment. We use finite element method simulation and experimental validation to demonstrate that the fiber patterning strategy is effective for a variety of pattern dimensions and fiber materials. Finally, the potential for this strategy to enable new applications of electrospun fibers is demonstrated by incorporating electrospun fibers into dissolving microneedles for the first time. These studies provide a framework for the adaptation of this fiber patterning strategy to many different applications of electrospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Creighton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - J Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - K A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Functional Micro- and Nanofibers Obtained by Nonwoven Post-Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051087. [PMID: 32397603 PMCID: PMC7285086 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanofibers are historically-known materials that are continuously reinvented due to their valuable properties. They display promise for applications in many fields, from tissue engineering to catalysis or sensors. In the first application, micro- and nanofibers are mainly produced from a limited library of biomaterials with properties that need alteration before use. Post-modification is a very effective method for attaining on-demand features and functions of nonwovens. This review summarizes and presents methods of functionalization of nonwovens produced by electrostatic means. The reviewed modifications are grouped into physical methods, chemical modification, and mixed methods.
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Hao D, Fan Y, Xiao W, Liu R, Pivetti C, Walimbe T, Guo F, Zhang X, Farmer DL, Wang F, Panitch A, Lam KS, Wang A. Rapid endothelialization of small diameter vascular grafts by a bioactive integrin-binding ligand specifically targeting endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 108:178-193. [PMID: 32151698 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Establishing and maintaining a healthy endothelium on vascular and intravascular devices is crucial for the prevention of thrombosis and stenosis. Generating a biofunctional surface on vascular devices to recruit endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) has proven efficient in promoting in situ endothelialization. However, molecules conventionally used for EPC/EC capturing generally lack structural stability, capturing specificity, and biological functionalities, which have limited their applications. Discovery of effective, specific, and structurally stable EPC/EC capturing ligands is desperately needed. Using the high-throughput One-Bead One-Compound combinatorial library screening technology, we recently identified a disulfide cyclic octa-peptide LXW7 (cGRGDdvc), which possesses strong binding affinity and functionality to EPCs/ECs, weak binding to platelets, and no binding to inflammatory cells. Because LXW7 is cyclic and 4 out of the 8 amino acids are unnatural D-amino acids, LXW7 is highly proteolytically stable. In this study, we applied LXW7 to modify small diameter vascular grafts using a Click chemistry approach. In vitro studies demonstrated that LXW7-modified grafts significantly improved EPC attachment, proliferation and endothelial differentiation and suppressed platelet attachment. In a rat carotid artery bypass model, LXW7 modification of the small diameter vascular grafts significantly promoted EPC/EC recruitment and rapidly achieved endothelialization. At 6 weeks after implantation, LXW7-modified grafts retained a high patency of 83%, while the untreated grafts had a low patency of 17%. Our results demonstrate that LXW7 is a potent EPC/EC capturing and platelet suppressing ligand and LXW7-modified vascular grafts rapidly generate a healthy and stable endothelial interface between the graft surface and the circulation to reduce thrombosis and improve patency. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, One-Bead One-Compound (OBOC) technology has been applied for the first time in discovering bioactive ligands for tissue regeneration applications. Current molecules used to modify artificial vascular grafts generally lack EPC/EC capturing specificity, biological functionalities and structural stability. Using OBOC technology, we identified LXW7, a constitutionally stable disulfide cyclic octa-peptide with strong binding affinity and biological functionality to EPCs/ECs, very weak binding to platelets and no binding to inflammatory cells. These characteristics are crucial for promoting rapid endothelialization to prevent thrombosis and improve patency of vascular grafts. LXW7 coating technology could be applied to a wide range of vascular and intravascular devices, including grafts, stents, cardiac valves, and catheters, where a "living" endothelium and healthy blood interface are needed.
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Song KH, Heo SJ, Peredo AP, Davidson MD, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Influence of Fiber Stiffness on Meniscal Cell Migration into Dense Fibrous Networks. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901228. [PMID: 31867881 PMCID: PMC7274873 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fibrous scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning are being explored to repair injuries within dense connective tissues. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the appropriate scaffold properties that best support tissue repair. In this study, the influence of the stiffness of electrospun fibers on cell invasion into fibrous scaffolds is investigated. Specifically, soft and stiff electrospun fibrous networks are fabricated from crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA), where the stiffness is altered via the extent of MeHA crosslinking. Meniscal fibrochondrocyte (MFC) adhesion and migration into fibrous networks are investigated, where the softer MeHA fibrous networks are easily deformed and densified through cellular tractions and the stiffer MeHA fibrous networks support ≈50% greater MFC invasion over weeks when placed adjacent to meniscal tissue. When the scaffolds are sandwiched between meniscal tissues and implanted subcutaneously, the stiffer MeHA fibrous networks again support enhanced cellular invasion and greater collagen deposition after 4 weeks when compared to the softer MeHA fibrous networks. These results indicate that the mechanics and deformability of fibrous networks likely alter cellular interactions and invasion, providing an important design parameter toward the engineering of scaffolds for tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hoon Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ana P Peredo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew D Davidson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Hao D, Ma B, He C, Liu R, Farmer DL, Lam KS, Wang A. Surface modification of polymeric electrospun scaffolds via a potent and high-affinity integrin α4β1 ligand improved the adhesion, spreading and survival of human chorionic villus-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new insight for fetal tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1649-1659. [PMID: 32011618 PMCID: PMC7353926 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-biomaterial interactions are primarily governed by cell adhesion, which arises from the binding of cellular integrins to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins drive the assembly of focal contacts that serve as mechanotransducers and signaling nexuses for stem cells, for example integrin α4β1 plays pivotal roles in regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) homing, adhesion, migration and differentiation. The strategy to control the integrin-mediated cell adhesion to bioinspired, ECM-mimicking materials is essential to regulate cell functions and tissue regeneration. Previously, using one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology, we discovered that LLP2A was a high-affinity peptidomimetic ligand (IC50 = 2 pM) against integrin α4β1. In this study, we identified that LLP2A had a strong binding to human early gestation chorionic villi-derived MSCs (CV-MSCs) via integrin α4β1. To improve CV-MSC seeding, expansion and delivery for regenerative applications, we constructed artificial scaffolds simulating the structure of the native ECM by immobilizing LLP2A onto the scaffold surface as cell adhesion sites. LLP2A modification significantly enhanced CV-MSC adhesion, spreading and viability on the polymeric scaffolds via regulating signaling pathways including phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and AKT, NF-kB and Caspase 9. In addition, we also demonstrated that LLP2A had strong binding to MSCs of other sources, such as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs). Therefore, LLP2A and its derivatives not only hold great promise for improving CV-MSC-mediated treatment of fetal diseases, but they can also be widely applied to functionalize various biological and medical materials, which are in need of MSC recruitment, enrichment and survival, for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bowen Ma
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Chuanchao He
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Diana L Farmer
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. and Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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31
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Ameer JM, Pr AK, Kasoju N. Strategies to Tune Electrospun Scaffold Porosity for Effective Cell Response in Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E30. [PMID: 31324062 PMCID: PMC6787600 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering aims to develop artificial human tissues by culturing cells on a scaffold in the presence of biochemical cues. Properties of scaffold such as architecture and composition highly influence the overall cell response. Electrospinning has emerged as one of the most affordable, versatile, and successful approaches to develop nonwoven nano/microscale fibrous scaffolds whose structural features resemble that of the native extracellular matrix. However, dense packing of the fibers leads to small-sized pores which obstruct cell infiltration and therefore is a major limitation for their use in tissue engineering applications. To this end, a variety of approaches have been investigated to enhance the pore properties of the electrospun scaffolds. In this review, we collect state-of-the-art modification methods and summarize them into six classes as follows: approaches focused on optimization of packing density by (a) conventional setup, (b) sequential or co-electrospinning setups, (c) involving sacrificial elements, (d) using special collectors, (e) post-production processing, and (f) other specialized methods. Overall, this review covers historical as well as latest methodologies in the field and therefore acts as a quick reference for those interested in electrospinning matrices for tissue engineering and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimna Mohamed Ameer
- Division of Tissue Culture, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Anil Kumar Pr
- Division of Tissue Culture, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
| | - Naresh Kasoju
- Division of Tissue Culture, Department of Applied Biology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India.
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Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile and viable technique for generating ultrathin fibers. Remarkable progress has been made with regard to the development of electrospinning methods and engineering of electrospun nanofibers to suit or enable various applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of electrospinning, including the principle, methods, materials, and applications. We begin with a brief introduction to the early history of electrospinning, followed by discussion of its principle and typical apparatus. We then discuss its renaissance over the past two decades as a powerful technology for the production of nanofibers with diversified compositions, structures, and properties. Afterward, we discuss the applications of electrospun nanofibers, including their use as "smart" mats, filtration membranes, catalytic supports, energy harvesting/conversion/storage components, and photonic and electronic devices, as well as biomedical scaffolds. We highlight the most relevant and recent advances related to the applications of electrospun nanofibers by focusing on the most representative examples. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development. At the end, we discuss approaches to the scale-up production of electrospun nanofibers and briefly discuss various types of commercial products based on electrospun nanofibers that have found widespread use in our everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tong Wu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yunqian Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Younan Xia
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Olvera D, Schipani R, Sathy BN, Kelly DJ. Electrospinning of highly porous yet mechanically functional microfibrillar scaffolds at the human scale for ligament and tendon tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:035016. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0de1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Ortiz R, Aurrekoetxea-Rodríguez I, Rommel M, Quintana I, Vivanco MDM, Toca-Herrera JL. Laser Surface Microstructuring of a Bio-Resorbable Polymer to Anchor Stem Cells, Control Adipocyte Morphology, and Promote Osteogenesis. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10121337. [PMID: 30961262 PMCID: PMC6401824 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New strategies in regenerative medicine include the implantation of stem cells cultured in bio-resorbable polymeric scaffolds to restore the tissue function and be absorbed by the body after wound healing. This requires the development of appropriate micro-technologies for manufacturing of functional scaffolds with controlled surface properties to induce a specific cell behavior. The present report focuses on the effect of substrate topography on the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) before and after co-differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Picosecond laser micromachining technology (PLM) was applied on poly (L-lactide) (PLLA), to generate different microstructures (microgrooves and microcavities) for investigating cell shape, orientation, and MSCs co-differentiation. Under certain surface topographical conditions, MSCs modify their shape to anchor at specific groove locations. Upon MSCs differentiation, adipocytes respond to changes in substrate height and depth by adapting the intracellular distribution of their lipid vacuoles to the imposed physical constraints. In addition, topography alone seems to produce a modest, but significant, increase of stem cell differentiation to osteoblasts. These findings show that PLM can be applied as a high-efficient technology to directly and precisely manufacture 3D microstructures that guide cell shape, control adipocyte morphology, and induce osteogenesis without the need of specific biochemical functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Ortiz
- Ultraprecision Processes Unit, IK4-TEKNIKER, C/Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain.
| | | | - Mathias Rommel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology IISB, Schottkystrasse 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Iban Quintana
- Ultraprecision Processes Unit, IK4-TEKNIKER, C/Iñaki Goenaga 5, 20600 Eibar, Spain.
| | - Maria dM Vivanco
- CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Ed. 801A, 48160 Derio, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Toca-Herrera
- Institute for Biophysics, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Timnak A, Gerstenhaber JA, Dong K, Har-El YE, Lelkes PI. Gradient porous fibrous scaffolds: a novel approach to improving cell penetration in electrospun scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:065010. [PMID: 30129563 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aadbbe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is an increasingly popular technique to generate 3D fibrous tissue scaffolds that mimic the submicron sized fibers of extracellular matrices. A major drawback of electrospun scaffolds is the small interfibrillar pore size, which normally prevents cellular penetration in between fibers. In this study, we introduced a novel process, based on electrospinning, to manufacture a unique gradient porous fibrous (GPF) scaffold from soy protein isolate (SPI). The pore sizes in the GPF scaffolds gradually increase from one side of the scaffold to the other, ranging from 7.8 ± 2.5 μm in the small pore side, 21.4 ± 10.3 μm in the mid layer to 58.0 ± 23.6 μm in the large pore side. The smallest pores of the GPF scaffolds appeared to be somewhat larger than those in conventionally electrospun SPI scaffolds (4.2 ± 1.3 μm). Hydrated GPF scaffolds exhibited J-shaped stress-strain curves, reminiscent of those for soft biological scaffolds. Attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFB) were supported on both the small and the large pore sides of the GPF scaffolds. Cultured HDFB and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages penetrated significantly deeper (98.7 ± 24.2 μm and 53.3 ± 9.6 μm, respectively) into the larger pores than when seeded onto the small pore side of GPF scaffolds (22.8 ± 6.2 μm and 25.7 ± 7.3 μm) and control SPI scaffolds. (11.3 ± 3.8 μm and 15.3 ± 3.1 μm). This study introduces a novel fabrication technique, which, by convergence of several biofabrication technologies, produces scaffolds with enhanced cellular penetration.
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37
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Arefin A, Mcculloch Q, Martinez R, Martin SA, Singh R, Ishak OM, Higgins EM, Haffey KE, Huang JH, Iyer S, Nath P, Iyer R, Harris JF. Micromachining of Polyurethane Membranes for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3522-3533. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Arefin
- Nanoscience and Microsystems Department, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Quinn Mcculloch
- Nanoscience and Microsystems Department, University of New Mexico, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- MPA-CINT: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O.
Box 1663 MS K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ricardo Martinez
- MPA-CINT: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O.
Box 1663 MS K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Simona A. Martin
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rohan Singh
- C-PCS: Physical Chemistry & Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS J567, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Omar M. Ishak
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Erin M. Higgins
- Applied Modern Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS D454, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Kiersten E. Haffey
- Applied Modern Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS D454, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Srinivas Iyer
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pulak Nath
- Applied Modern Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS D454, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Rashi Iyer
- Systems Analysis and Surveillance Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box
1663 MS C921, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer F. Harris
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663 MS M888, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Qin K, Wu Y, Pan Y, Wang K, Kong D, Zhao Q. Implantation of Electrospun Vascular Grafts with Optimized Structure in a Rat Model. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30010640 DOI: 10.3791/57340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol to fabricate macroporous PCL vascular graft and describe an evaluation protocol by using a rat model of abdominal aorta replacement. The electrospun vascular grafts often possess relatively small pores, which limit cell infiltration into the grafts and hinder the regeneration and remodeling of the neo-arteries. In this study, PCL vascular grafts with thicker fibers (5 - 6 µm) and larger pores (~30 µm) were fabricated by using a modified processing technique. The long-term performance of the graft was evaluated by implantation in a rat abdominal aorta model. Ultrasound analysis showed that the grafts remained patent without aneurysm or stenosis occurring even after 12 months of implantation. Macroporous structure improved the cell ingrowth and thus promoted tissue regenerated at 3 months. More importantly, there was no sign of adverse remodeling, such as calcification within the graft wall after 12 months. Therefore, electrospun PCL vascular grafts with modified macroporous processing hold potential to be an artery substitute for long-term implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Yifan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Yiwa Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University;
| | - Deling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University;
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Jun I, Han HS, Edwards JR, Jeon H. Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Viewpoints on Architecture and Fabrication. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E745. [PMID: 29509688 PMCID: PMC5877606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning has been used for the fabrication of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking fibrous scaffolds for several decades. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds provide nanoscale/microscale fibrous structures with interconnecting pores, resembling natural ECM in tissues, and showing a high potential to facilitate the formation of artificial functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of electrospinning processes for generating complex fibrous scaffold geometries that are similar in structural complexity to the ECM of living tissues. Moreover, several approaches for the formation of three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds arranged in hierarchical structures for tissue engineering are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indong Jun
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Hyung-Seop Han
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - James R Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Hojeong Jeon
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
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Wang Z, Zhou R, Wen F, Zhang R, Ren L, Teoh SH, Hong M. Reliable laser fabrication: the quest for responsive biomaterials surface. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3612-3631. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02545a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review presents current efforts in laser fabrication, focusing on the surface features of biomaterials and their biological responses; this provides insight into the engineering of bio-responsive surfaces for future medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhou
- School of Aerospace Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Wen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 637457
- Singapore
| | - Rongkai Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510630
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Materials Science
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
| | - Swee Hin Teoh
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- P. R. China
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Minghui Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361005
- P. R. China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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Pradhan S, Keller KA, Sperduto JL, Slater JH. Fundamentals of Laser-Based Hydrogel Degradation and Applications in Cell and Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6:10.1002/adhm.201700681. [PMID: 29065249 PMCID: PMC5797692 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The cell and tissue engineering fields have profited immensely through the implementation of highly structured biomaterials. The development and implementation of advanced biofabrication techniques have established new avenues for generating biomimetic scaffolds for a multitude of cell and tissue engineering applications. Among these, laser-based degradation of biomaterials is implemented to achieve user-directed features and functionalities within biomimetic scaffolds. This review offers an overview of the physical mechanisms that govern laser-material interactions and specifically, laser-hydrogel interactions. The influences of both laser and material properties on efficient, high-resolution hydrogel degradation are discussed and the current application space in cell and tissue engineering is reviewed. This review aims to acquaint readers with the capability and uses of laser-based degradation of biomaterials, so that it may be easily and widely adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Keely A. Keller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark DE 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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43
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Liu TH, Yuyama KI, Hiramatsu T, Yamamoto N, Chatani E, Miyasaka H, Sugiyama T, Masuhara H. Femtosecond-Laser-Enhanced Amyloid Fibril Formation of Insulin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:8311-8318. [PMID: 28742366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond (fs)-laser-induced crystallization as a novel crystallization technique was proposed for the first time by our group, where the crystallization time can be significantly shortened under fs laser irradiation. Similarly, we have further extended our investigation to amyloid fibril formation, also known as a nucleation-dependence process. Here we demonstrate that the necessary time for amyloid fibril formation can be significantly shortened by fs laser irradiation, leading to favorable enhancement. The enhancement was confirmed by both spectral measurements and direct observations of amyloid fibrils. The thioflavin T fluorescence intensity of laser-irradiated solution increased earlier than that of the control solution, and such a difference was simultaneously revealed by ellipticity changes. At the same time before intensity saturation in fluorescence, the number of amyloid fibrils obtained under laser irradiation was generally more than that in the control solution. Besides, such an enhancement is correlated to the laser power threshold of cavitation bubbling. Possible mechanisms are proposed by referring to fs-laser-induced crystallization and ultrasonication-induced amyloid fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yuyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takato Hiramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Eri Chatani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University , Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science and Center for Promotion of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Teruki Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Electrospun vein grafts with high cell infiltration for vascular tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:407-415. [PMID: 28887992 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Demand is increasing for functional small-diameter vascular grafts (diameter<6mm) for clinical arterial replacement. In the present study, we develop a bilayer poly(ε-caprolactone, PCL) fibrous vascular graft consisting of a thin internal layer made of longitudinally aligned fibers and a relatively thick highly porous external layer. The internal layer provides a scaffold with the necessary mechanical strength and enhances the growth of endothelial cells, whereas the external layer enhances cell motility through the scaffold bulk. The biocompatibility and biological performance of bilayer fibrous scaffolds are evaluated by in vivo experiments, molecular biology, and histology studies. Our bilayer scaffolds demonstrate much better fiber alignment and higher porosity than do normal electrospun vascular grafts with randomly distributed fibers. The results suggest that the proposed grafts can overcome limitations owing to the inadequate porosity, small pores, and poor cell infiltration of scaffolds fabricated by conventional electrospinning. The unique structure of bilayer scaffolds is satisfactory and promotes cell proliferation, collagen-fiber deposition, and ingrowth of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vivo. The results of this study illustrate the strong potential of such bilayer fibrous scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering and regeneration.
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45
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Kishan AP, Cosgriff-Hernandez EM. Recent advancements in electrospinning design for tissue engineering applications: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2892-2905. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alysha P. Kishan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; 3120 TAMU College Station Texas 77843-3120
| | - Elizabeth M. Cosgriff-Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Texas A&M University, 5045 Emerging Technologies Building; 3120 TAMU College Station Texas 77843-3120
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46
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Kim M, Yun HS, Kim GH. Electric-field assisted 3D-fibrous bioceramic-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro cellular activities. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3166. [PMID: 28600540 PMCID: PMC5466689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano/microfibrous structure can induce high cellular activities because of the topological similarity of the extracellular matrix, and thus, are widely used in various tissue regenerative materials. However, the fabrication of a bioceramic (high weight percent)-based 3D microfibrous structure is extremely difficult because of the low process-ability of bioceramics. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) microfibrous structure can induce more realistic cellular behavior when compared to that of 2D fibrous structure. Hence, the requirement of a 3D fibrous ceramic-based structure is an important issue in bioceramic scaffolds. In this study, a bioceramic (α-TCP)-based scaffold in which the weight fraction of the ceramic exceeded 70% was fabricated using an electrohydrodynamic printing (EHDP) process. The fabricated ceramic structure consisted of layer-by-layered struts entangled with polycaprolactone microfibers and the bioceramic phase. Various processing conditions (such as applied electric field, flow rate, nozzle size, and weight fraction of the bioceramic) were manipulated to obtain an optimal processing window. A 3D printed porous structure was used as a control, which had pore geometry similar to that of a structure fabricated using the EHDP process. Various physical and cellular activities using preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) helped confirm that the newly designed bioceramic scaffold demonstrated significantly high metabolic activity and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hui-Suk Yun
- Powder and Ceramics Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, South Korea
| | - Geun Hyung Kim
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, South Korea.
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47
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Hao D, Xiao W, Liu R, Kumar P, Li Y, Zhou P, Guo F, Farmer DL, Lam KS, Wang F, Wang A. Discovery and Characterization of a Potent and Specific Peptide Ligand Targeting Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Cells for Tissue Regeneration. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1075-1086. [PMID: 28195700 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) play a vital role in endothelialization and vascularization for tissue regeneration. Various EPC/EC targeting biomolecules have been investigated to improve tissue regeneration with limited success often due to their limited functional specificity and structural stability. One-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial technology is an ultrahigh throughput chemical library synthesis and screening method suitable for ligand discovery against a wide range of biological targets, such as integrins. In this study, using primary human EPCs/ECs as living probes, we identified an αvβ3 integrin ligand LXW7 discovered by OBOC combinatorial technology as a potent and specific EPC/EC targeting ligand. LXW7 overcomes the major barriers of other functional biomolecules that have previously been used to improve vascularization for tissue regeneration and possesses optimal stability, EPC/EC specificity, and functionality. LXW7 is a disulfide cyclic octa-peptide (cGRGDdvc) containing unnatural amino acids flanking both sides of the main functional motif; therefore it will be more resistant to proteolysis and more stable in vivo compared to linear peptides and peptides consisting of only natural amino acids. Compared with the conventional αvβ3 integrin ligand GRGD peptide, LXW7 showed stronger binding affinity to primary EPCs/ECs but weaker binding to platelets and no binding to THP-1 monocytes. In addition, ECs bound to the LXW7 treated culture surface exhibited enhanced biological functions such as proliferation, likely due to increased phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK1/2. Surface modification of electrospun microfibrous PLLA/PCL biomaterial scaffolds with LXW7 via Click chemistry resulted in significantly improved endothelial coverage. LXW7 and its derivatives hold great promise for EPC/EC recruitment and delivery and can be widely applied to functionalize various biological and medical materials to improve endothelialization and vascularization for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Hao
- Institute
of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- Surgical
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ruiwu Liu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Ping Zhou
- Institute
for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Institute
for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Diana L. Farmer
- Surgical
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kit S. Lam
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Institute
of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical
Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical
Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
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48
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Kong B, Sun W, Chen G, Tang S, Li M, Shao Z, Mi S. Tissue-engineered cornea constructed with compressed collagen and laser-perforated electrospun mat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:970. [PMID: 28428541 PMCID: PMC5430529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While Plastic Compressed (PC) collagen technique is often used to fabricate bioengineered constructs, PC collagen gels are too weak to be sutured or conveniently handled for clinical applications. To overcome this limitation, electrospun poly (lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) mats, which have excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties, were combined with PC collagen to fabricate sandwich-like hybrid constructs. By laser-perforating holes with different sizes and spacings in the electrospun mats to regulate the mechanical properties and light transmittance of the hybrid constructs, we produced hybrid constructs with properties very suitable to apply in corneal tissue engineering. The maximum tensile stress of the optimal hybrid construct was 3.42 ± 0.22 MPa. The light transmittance of the hybrid construct after perforation was approximately 15-fold higher than before, and light transmittance increased gradually with increasing time. After immersing into PBS for 7 days, the transmittance of the optimal construct changed from 63 ± 2.17% to 72 ± 1.8% under 500 nm wavelength. The live/dead staining, cell proliferation assay and immunohistochemistry study of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and human keratocytes (HKs) cultured on the optimal hybrid construct both demonstrated that the cells adhered, proliferated, and maintained their phenotype well on the material. In addition, after culturing for 2 weeks, the HCECs could form stratified layers. Thus, our designed construct is suitable for the construction of engineered corneal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Kong
- Macromolecular Platforms for Translational Medicine and Bio-Manufacturing Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Insititute, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Macromolecular Platforms for Translational Medicine and Bio-Manufacturing Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Insititute, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guoshi Chen
- Yantai SunPu Ruiyuan biological technology co., LTD., Yantai, 265500, P.R. China
| | - Song Tang
- Shenzhen eye hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Shenzhen eye hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, P.R. China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Tongji Medical Collage, Huazhong University Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shengli Mi
- Biomanufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China. .,Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China.
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49
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Aragon J, Navascues N, Mendoza G, Irusta S. Laser-treated electrospun fibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:112-122. [PMID: 28412451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Core-shell polycaprolactone/polycaprolactone (PCL/PCL) and polycaprolactone/polyvinyl acetate (PCL/PVAc) electrospun fibers loaded with synthesized nanohydroxyapatite (HAn) were lased treated to create microporosity. The prepared materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TEM and SEM. Uniform and randomly oriented beadless fibrous structures were obtained in all cases. Fibers diameters were in the 150-300nm range. Needle-like HAn nanoparticles with mean diameters of 20nm and length of approximately 150nm were mostly encase inside the fibers. Laser treated materials present micropores with diameters in the range 70-120μm for PCL-HAn/PCL fibers and in the 50-90μm range for PCL-HAn/PVAC material. Only samples containing HAn presented bioactivity after incubation during 30days in simulated body fluid. All scaffolds presented high viability, very low mortality, and human osteoblast proliferation. Biocompatibility was increased by laser treatment due to the surface and porosity modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Aragon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nuria Navascues
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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50
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Jahnavi S, Arthi N, Pallavi S, Selvaraju C, Bhuvaneshwar GS, Kumary TV, Verma RS. Nanosecond laser ablation enhances cellular infiltration in a hybrid tissue scaffold. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:190-201. [PMID: 28532021 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tissue engineered (HTE) scaffolds constituting polymeric nanofibers and biological tissues have attractive bio-mechanical properties. However, they suffer from small pore size due to dense overlapping nanofibers resulting in poor cellular infiltration. In this study, using nanosecond (ns) laser, we fabricated micro-scale features on Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Chitosan (CH) nanofiber layered bovine pericardium based Bio-Hybrid scaffold to achieve enhanced cellular adhesion and infiltration. The laser energy parameters such as fluence of 25J/cm2, 0.1mm instep and 15 mark time were optimized to get structured microchannels on the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. Laser irradiation time of 40μs along with these parameters resulted in microchannel width of ~50μm and spacing of ~35μm between adjacent lines. The biochemical, thermal, hydrophilic and uniaxial mechanical properties of the Bio-Hybrid scaffolds remained comparable after laser ablation reflecting extracellular matrix (ECM) stability. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and mouse cardiac fibroblasts seeded on these laser-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds exhibited biocompatibility and increased cellular adhesion in microchannels when compared to non-ablated Bio-Hybrid scaffolds. These findings suggest the feasibility to selectively ablate polymer layer in the HTE scaffolds without affecting their bio-mechanical properties and also describe a new approach to enhance cellular infiltration in the HTE scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jahnavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India; Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - N Arthi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - S Pallavi
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - C Selvaraju
- National Centre for Ultrafast Processes, Sekkizhar Campus, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
| | - G S Bhuvaneshwar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - T V Kumary
- Tissue Culture Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Trivandrum, Kerala 695012, India
| | - R S Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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