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Wu H, Wang X, Wang G, Yuan G, Jia W, Tian L, Zheng Y, Ding W, Pei J. Advancing Scaffold-Assisted Modality for In Situ Osteochondral Regeneration: A Shift From Biodegradable to Bioadaptable. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407040. [PMID: 39104283 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Over the decades, the management of osteochondral lesions remains a significant yet unmet medical challenge without curative solutions to date. Owing to the complex nature of osteochondral units with multi-tissues and multicellularity, and inherently divergent cellular turnover capacities, current clinical practices often fall short of robust and satisfactory repair efficacy. Alternative strategies, particularly tissue engineering assisted with biomaterial scaffolds, achieve considerable advances, with the emerging pursuit of a more cost-effective approach of in situ osteochondral regeneration, as evolving toward cell-free modalities. By leveraging endogenous cell sources and innate regenerative potential facilitated with instructive scaffolds, promising results are anticipated and being evidenced. Accordingly, a paradigm shift is occurring in scaffold development, from biodegradable and biocompatible to bioadaptable in spatiotemporal control. Hence, this review summarizes the ongoing progress in deploying bioadaptable criteria for scaffold-based engineering in endogenous osteochondral repair, with emphases on precise control over the scaffolding material, degradation, structure and biomechanics, and surface and biointerfacial characteristics, alongside their distinguished impact on the outcomes. Future outlooks of a highlight on advanced, frontier materials, technologies, and tools tailoring precision medicine and smart healthcare are provided, which potentially paves the path toward the ultimate goal of complete osteochondral regeneration with function restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Biology & Catalysis, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Guocheng Wang
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Guangyin Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weitao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Liangfei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenjiang Ding
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jia Pei
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming & State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics & National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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2
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Miron RJ, Estrin NE, Sculean A, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 2-Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:257-414. [PMID: 38591622 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post-traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID-19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nathan E Estrin
- Advanced PRF Education, Venice, Florida, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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3
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Xiong F, Chevalier Y, Klar RM. Parallel Chondrogenesis and Osteogenesis Tissue Morphogenesis in Muscle Tissue via Combinations of TGF-β Supergene Family Members. Cartilage 2023:19476035231196224. [PMID: 37714817 DOI: 10.1177/19476035231196224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to decipher the temporal and spatial signaling code for clinical cartilage and bone regeneration. We investigated the effects of continuous equal dosages of a single, dual, or triplicate growth factor combination of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β3, and/or BMP-7 on muscle tissue over a culturing period. The hypothesis was that specific growth factor combinations at specific time points direct tissue transformation toward endochondral bone or cartilage formation. DESIGN The harvested muscle tissues from F-344 adult male rats were cultured in 96-well plates maintained in a specific medium and cultured at specific conditions. And the multidimensional and multi-time point analyses were performed at both the genetic and protein levels. RESULTS The results insinuate that the application of growth factor stimulates a chaotic tissue response that does not follow a chronological signaling cascade. Both osteogenic and chondrogenic genes showed upregulation after induction, a similar result was also observed in the semiquantitative analysis after immunohistochemical staining against different antigens. CONCLUSIONS The study showed that multiple TGF-β superfamily proteins applied to tissue stimulate developmental tissue processes that do not follow current tissue formation rules. The findings contribute to the understanding of the chronological order of signals and expression patterns needed to achieve chondrogenesis, articular chondrogenesis, or osteogenesis, which is crucial for the development of treatments that can regrow bone and articular cartilage clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Wuxi Hand Surgery Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Chevalier
- Department of Orthopedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Klar
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Takematsu E, Murphy M, Hou S, Steininger H, Alam A, Ambrosi TH, Chan CKF. Optimizing Delivery of Therapeutic Growth Factors for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050377. [PMID: 37232969 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone- and cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, affect millions of people worldwide, impairing their quality of life and increasing mortality. Osteoporosis significantly increases the bone fracture risk of the spine, hip, and wrist. For successful fracture treatment and to facilitate proper healing in the most complicated cases, one of the most promising methods is to deliver a therapeutic protein to accelerate bone regeneration. Similarly, in the setting of osteoarthritis, where degraded cartilage does not regenerate, therapeutic proteins hold great promise to promote new cartilage formation. For both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis treatments, targeted delivery of therapeutic growth factors, with the aid of hydrogels, to bone and cartilage is a key to advance the field of regenerative medicine. In this review article, we propose five important aspects of therapeutic growth factor delivery for bone and cartilage regeneration: (1) protection of protein growth factors from physical and enzymatic degradation, (2) targeted growth factor delivery, (3) controlling GF release kinetics, (4) long-term stability of regenerated tissues, and (5) osteoimmunomodulatory effects of therapeutic growth factors and carriers/scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Takematsu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Murphy
- Blond McIndoe Laboratories, School of Biological Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PR, UK
| | - Sophia Hou
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holly Steininger
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alina Alam
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas H Ambrosi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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5
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Yildirim N, Amanzhanova A, Kulzhanova G, Mukasheva F, Erisken C. Osteochondral Interface: Regenerative Engineering and Challenges. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1205-1223. [PMID: 36752057 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral (OC) defects are debilitating for patients and represent a significant clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons as well as regenerative engineers due to their potential complications, which are likely to lead to osteoarthritis and related diseases. If they remain untreated or are treated suboptimally, OC lesions are known to impact the articular cartilage and the transition from cartilage to bone, that is, the cartilage-bone interface. An important component of the OC interface, that is, a selectively permeable membrane, the tidemark, still remains unaddressed in more than 90% of the published research in the past decade. This review focuses on the structure, composition, and function of the OC interface, regenerative engineering attempts with different scaffolding strategies and challenges ahead of us in recapitulating the native OC interface. There are different schools of thought regarding the structure of the native OC interface: stratified and graded. The former assumes the cartilage-to-bone interface to be hierarchically divided into distinct yet continuous zones of uncalcified cartilage-calcified cartilage-subchondral bone. The latter assumes the interface is continuously graded, that is, formed by an infinite number of layers. The cellular composition of the interface, either in respective layers or continuously changing in a graded manner, is chondrocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and osteoblasts as moved from cartilage to bone. Functionally, the interface is assumed to play a role in enabling a smooth transition of loads exerted on the cartilage surface to the bone underneath. Regenerative engineering involves, first, a characterization of the native OC interface in terms of the composition, structure, and function, and, then, proposes the appropriate biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules either alone or in combination to eventually form a structure that mimics and functionally behaves similar to the native interface. The major challenge regarding regeneration of the OC interface appears to lie, in addition to others, in the formation of tidemark, which is a thin membrane separating the OC interface into two distinct zones: the avascular OC interface and the vascular OC interface. There is a significant amount of literature on regenerative approaches to the OC interface; however, only a small portion of them consider the importance of tidemark. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the significance of the structural organization of the components of the OC interface and increasing the awareness of the orthopedics community regarding the importance of tidemark formation after clinical interventions or regenerative engineering attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuh Yildirim
- Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Block 3, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amina Amanzhanova
- Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Block 3, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzada Kulzhanova
- Nazarbayev University, School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Biological Sciences, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Block 3, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Fariza Mukasheva
- Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Block 3, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Cevat Erisken
- Nazarbayev University, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, 53 Kabanbay Batyr, Block 3, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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Wang Z, Cao W, Wu F, Ke X, Wu X, Zhou T, Yang J, Yang G, Zhong C, Gou Z, Gao C. A triphasic biomimetic BMSC-loaded scaffold for osteochondral integrated regeneration in rabbits and pigs. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2924-2934. [PMID: 36892448 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm02148j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue involves cartilage, calcified cartilage and subchondral bone. These tissues differ significantly in chemical compositions, structures, mechanical properties and cellular compositions. Therefore, the repairing materials face different osteochondral tissue regeneration needs and rates. In this study, we fabricated an osteochondral tissue-inspired triphasic material, which was composed of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold loaded with fibrin hydrogel, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) for cartilage tissue, a bilayer poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)-fibrous membrane loaded with chondroitin sulfate and bioactive glass, respectively, for calcified cartilage, and a 3D-printed calcium silicate ceramic scaffold for subchondral bone. The triphasic scaffold was press-fitted into the osteochondral defects in rabbit (cylindrical defects with a diameter of 4 mm and a depth of 4 mm) and minipig knee joints (cylindrical defects with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 6 mm). The μ-CT and histological analysis showed that the triphasic scaffold was partly degraded, and significantly promoted the regeneration of hyaline cartilage after they were implanted in vivo. The superficial cartilage showed good recovery and uniformity. The calcified cartilage layer (CCL) fibrous membrane was in favor of a better cartilage regeneration morphology, a continuous cartilage structure and less fibrocartilage tissue formation. The bone tissue grew into the material, while the CCL membrane limited bone overgrowth. The newly generated osteochondral tissues were well integrated with the surrounding tissues too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wangbei Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fanghui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Guojing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,Center for Healthcare Materials, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312035, China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Cardiac Patch for Sustained Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles from the Interface. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120769. [PMID: 36547293 PMCID: PMC9777613 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to treat infarcted cardiac tissues by replacing the injured region with an ex vivo fabricated functional cardiac patch. Nevertheless, integration of the transplanted patch with the host tissue is still a burden, limiting its clinical application. Here, a bi-functional, 3D bio-printed cardiac patch (CP) design is proposed, composed of a cell-laden compartment at its core and an extracellular vesicle (EV)-laden compartment at its shell for better integration of the CP with the host tissue. Alginate-based bioink solutions were developed for each compartment and characterized rheologically, examined for printability and their effect on residing cells or EVs. The resulting 3D bio-printed CP was examined for its mechanical stiffness, showing an elastic modulus between 4-5 kPa at day 1 post-printing, suitable for transplantation. Affinity binding of EVs to alginate sulfate (AlgS) was validated, exhibiting dissociation constant values similar to those of EVs with heparin. The incorporation of AlgS-EVs complexes within the shell bioink sustained EV release from the CP, with 88% cumulative release compared with 92% without AlgS by day 4. AlgS also prolonged the release profile by an additional 2 days, lasting 11 days overall. This CP design comprises great potential at promoting more efficient patch assimilation with the host.
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8
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Guilak F, Estes BT, Moutos FT. Functional tissue engineering of articular cartilage for biological joint resurfacing-The 2021 Elizabeth Winston Lanier Kappa Delta Award. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:1721-1734. [PMID: 34812518 PMCID: PMC9124734 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological resurfacing of entire articular surfaces represents a challenging strategy for the treatment of cartilage degeneration that occurs in osteoarthritis. Not only does this approach require anatomically sized and functional engineered cartilage, but the inflammatory environment within an arthritic joint may also inhibit chondrogenesis and induce degradation of native and engineered cartilage. Here, we present the culmination of multiple avenues of interdisciplinary research leading to the development and testing of bioartificial cartilage for tissue-engineered resurfacing of the hip joint. The work is based on a novel three-dimensional weaving technology that is infiltrated with specific bioinductive materials and/or genetically-engineered stem cells. A variety of design approaches have been tested in vitro, showing biomimetic cartilage-like properties as well as the capability for long-term tunable and inducible drug delivery. Importantly, these cartilage constructs have the potential to provide mechanical functionality immediately upon implantation, as they will need to replace a majority, if not the entire joint surface to restore function. To date, these approaches have shown excellent preclinical success in a variety of animal studies, including the resurfacing of a large osteochondral defect in the canine hip, and are now well-poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA,Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
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9
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Fu JN, Wang X, Yang M, Chen YR, Zhang JY, Deng RH, Zhang ZN, Yu JK, Yuan FZ. Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Osteochondral Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:812383. [PMID: 35087809 PMCID: PMC8787149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.812383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, several advances have been made in osteochondral (OC) tissue engineering to regenerate more biomimetic tissue. As an essential component of tissue engineering, scaffolds provide structural and functional support for cell growth and differentiation. Numerous scaffold types, such as porous, hydrogel, fibrous, microsphere, metal, composite and decellularized matrix, have been reported and evaluated for OC tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo, with respective advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, due to the inherent complexity of organizational structure and the objective limitations of manufacturing technologies and biomaterials, we have not yet achieved stable and satisfactory effects of OC defects repair. In this review, we summarize the complicated gradients of natural OC tissue and then discuss various osteochondral tissue engineering strategies, focusing on scaffold design with abundant cell resources, material types, fabrication techniques and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Nan Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Rong Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Hui Deng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ning Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Zhen Yuan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Beijing, China
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10
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Daou F, Cochis A, Leigheb M, Rimondini L. Current Advances in the Regeneration of Degenerated Articular Cartilage: A Literature Review on Tissue Engineering and Its Recent Clinical Translation. MATERIALS 2021; 15:ma15010031. [PMID: 35009175 PMCID: PMC8745794 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional ability is the basis of healthy aging. Articular cartilage degeneration is amongst the most prevalent degenerative conditions that cause adverse impacts on the quality of life; moreover, it represents a key predisposing factor to osteoarthritis (OA). Both the poor capacity of articular cartilage for self-repair and the unsatisfactory outcomes of available clinical interventions make innovative tissue engineering a promising therapeutic strategy for articular cartilage repair. Significant progress was made in this field; however, a marked heterogeneity in the applied biomaterials, biofabrication, and assessments is nowadays evident by the huge number of research studies published to date. Accordingly, this literature review assimilates the most recent advances in cell-based and cell-free tissue engineering of articular cartilage and also focuses on the assessments performed via various in vitro studies, ex vivo models, preclinical in vivo animal models, and clinical studies in order to provide a broad overview of the latest findings and clinical translation in the context of degenerated articular cartilage and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Daou
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Massimiliano Leigheb
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale UPO, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.D.); (A.C.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321-660-673
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11
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Ng CY, Chai JY, Foo JB, Mohamad Yahaya NH, Yang Y, Ng MH, Law JX. Potential of Exosomes as Cell-Free Therapy in Articular Cartilage Regeneration: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6749-6781. [PMID: 34621125 PMCID: PMC8491788 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cartilage defects such as osteoarthritis (OA) and osteochondral defect (OCD) remains a huge clinical challenge in orthopedics. OA is one of the most common chronic health conditions and is mainly characterized by the degeneration of articular cartilage, shown in the limited capacity for intrinsic repair. OCD refers to the focal defects affecting cartilage and the underlying bone. The current OA and OCD management modalities focus on symptom control and on improving joint functionality and the patient’s quality of life. Cell-based therapy has been evaluated for managing OA and OCD, and its chondroprotective efficacy is recognized mainly through paracrine action. Hence, there is growing interest in exploiting extracellular vesicles to induce cartilage regeneration. In this review, we explore the in vivo evidence of exosomes on cartilage regeneration. A total of 29 in vivo studies from the PubMed and Scopus databases were identified and analyzed. The studies reported promising results in terms of in vivo exosome delivery and uptake; improved cartilage morphological, histological, and biochemical outcomes; enhanced subchondral bone regeneration; and improved pain behavior following exosome treatment. In addition, exosome therapy is safe, as the included studies documented no significant complications. Modifying exosomal cargos further increased the cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration capacity of exosomes. We conclude that exosome administration is a potent cell-free therapy for alleviating OA and OCD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of exosomes and to identify the standard protocol for exosome-based therapy in OA and OCD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Ying Chai
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.,Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hamdan Mohamad Yahaya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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Liu M, Ke X, Yao Y, Wu F, Ye S, Zhang L, Yang G, Shen M, Li Y, Yang X, Zhong C, Gao C, Gou Z. Artificial osteochondral interface of bioactive fibrous membranes mediating calcified cartilage reconstruction. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7782-7792. [PMID: 34586140 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calcified cartilage is a mineralized osteochondral interface region between the hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone. There are few reported artificial biomaterials that could offer bioactivities for substantial reconstruction of calcified cartilage. Herein we developed new poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL)-based trilayered fibrous membranes as a functional interface for calcified cartilage reconstruction and superficial cartilage restoration. The trilayered membranes were prepared by the electrospinning technique, and the fibrous morphology was maintained when the chondroitin sulfate (CS) or bioactive glass (BG) particles were introduced in the upper or bottom layer, respectively. Although 30% BG in the bottom layer led to a significant decrease in tensile resistance, the inorganic ion release was remarkably higher than that in the counterpart with 10% BG. The in vivo studies showed that the fibrous membranes as osteochondral interfaces exhibited different biological performances on superficial cartilage restoration and calcified cartilage reconstruction. All of the implanted host hyaline cartilage enabled a self-healing process and an increase in the BG content in the membranes was desirable for promoting the repair of the calcified cartilage with time. The histological staining confirmed the osteochondral interface in the 30% BG bottom membrane maintained appreciable calcified cartilage repair after 12 weeks. These findings demonstrated that such an integrated artificial osteochondral interface containing appropriate bioactive ions are potentially applicable for osteochondral interface tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtao Liu
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiurong Ke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of The third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Yuejun Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Fanghui Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of The third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Shuo Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of The third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of The third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Guojing Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of The third Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Rui'an 325200, China
| | - Miaoda Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xianyan Yang
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Changyou Gao
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Bio-nanomaterials and Regenerative Medicine Research Division, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Stejskalová A, Vankelecom H, Sourouni M, Ho MY, Götte M, Almquist BD. In vitro modelling of the physiological and diseased female reproductive system. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:288-312. [PMID: 33915315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The maladies affecting the female reproductive tract (FRT) range from infections to endometriosis to carcinomas. In vitro models of the FRT play an increasingly important role in both basic and translational research, since the anatomy and physiology of the FRT of humans and other primates differ significantly from most of the commonly used animal models, including rodents. Using organoid culture to study the FRT has overcome the longstanding hurdle of maintaining epithelial phenotype in culture. Both ECM-derived and engineered materials have proved critical for maintaining a physiological phenotype of FRT cells in vitro by providing the requisite 3D environment, ligands, and architecture. Advanced materials have also enabled the systematic study of factors contributing to the invasive metastatic processes. Meanwhile, microphysiological devices make it possible to incorporate physical signals such as flow and cyclic exposure to hormones. Going forward, advanced materials compatible with hormones and optimised to support FRT-derived cells' long-term growth, will play a key role in addressing the diverse array of FRT pathologies and lead to impactful new treatments that support the improvement of women's health. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The female reproductive system is a crucial component of the female anatomy. In addition to enabling reproduction, it has wide ranging influence on tissues throughout the body via endocrine signalling. This intrinsic role in regulating normal female biology makes it susceptible to a variety of female-specific diseases. However, the complexity and human-specific features of the reproductive system make it challenging to study. This has spurred the development of human-relevant in vitro models for helping to decipher the complex issues that can affect the reproductive system, including endometriosis, infection, and cancer. In this Review, we cover the current state of in vitro models for studying the female reproductive system, and the key role biomaterials play in enabling their development.
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Nanofibrous hyaluronic acid scaffolds delivering TGF-β3 and SDF-1α for articular cartilage repair in a large animal model. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:170-182. [PMID: 33753316 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal cartilage injuries have poor intrinsic healing potential and often progress to osteoarthritis, a costly disease affecting almost a third of adults in the United States. To treat these patients, cartilage repair therapies often use cell-seeded scaffolds, which are limited by donor site morbidity, high costs, and poor efficacy. To address these limitations, we developed an electrospun cell-free fibrous hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold that delivers factors specifically designed to enhance cartilage repair: Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α; SDF) to increase the recruitment and infiltration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 (TGF-β3; TGF) to enhance cartilage tissue formation. Scaffolds were characterized in vitro and then deployed in a large animal model of full-thickness cartilage defect repair. The bioactivity of both factors was verified in vitro, with both SDF and TGF increasing cell migration, and TGF increasing matrix formation by MSCs. In vivo, however, scaffolds releasing SDF resulted in an inferior cartilage healing response (lower mechanics, lower ICRS II histology score) compared to scaffolds releasing TGF alone. These results highlight the importance of translation into large animal models to appropriately screen scaffolds and therapies, and will guide investigators towards alternative growth factor combinations. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study addresses an area of orthopaedic medicine in which treatment options are limited and new biomaterials stand to improve patient outcomes. Those suffering from articular cartilage injuries are often destined to have early onset osteoarthritis. We have created a cell-free nanofibrous hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold that delivers factors specifically designed to enhance cartilage repair: Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α (SDF-1α; SDF) to increase the recruitment and infiltration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 (TGF-β3; TGF) to enhance cartilage tissue formation. To our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate such a bioactive scaffold in a large animal model and demonstrates the capacity for dual growth factor release.
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Riveiro A, Amorim S, Solanki A, Costa DS, Pires RA, Quintero F, Del Val J, Comesaña R, Badaoui A, Lusquiños F, Maçon ALB, Tallia F, Jones JR, Reis RL, Pou J. Hyaluronic acid hydrogels reinforced with laser spun bioactive glass micro- and nanofibres doped with lithium. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112124. [PMID: 34082941 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The repair of articular cartilage lesions in weight-bearing joints remains as a significant challenge due to the low regenerative capacity of this tissue. Hydrogels are candidates to repair lesions as they have similar properties to cartilage extracellular matrix but they are unable to meet the mechanical and biological requirements for a successful outcome. Here, we reinforce hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels with 13-93-lithium bioactive glass micro- and nanofibres produced by laser spinning. The glass fibres are a reinforcement filler and a platform for the delivery of therapeutic lithium-ions. The elastic modulus of the composites is more than three times higher than in HA hydrogels. Modelling of the reinforcement corroborates the experimental results. ATDC5 chondrogenic cells seeded on the composites are viable and more proliferation occurs on the hydrogels containing fibres than in HA hydrogels alone. Furthermore, the chondrogenic behavior on HA constructs with fibres containing lithium is more marked than in hydrogels with no-lithium fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Riveiro
- Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction Dpt., University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain.
| | - Sara Amorim
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Anu Solanki
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Diana S Costa
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Pires
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Félix Quintero
- Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Jesús Del Val
- Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Rafael Comesaña
- Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction Dpt., University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Aida Badaoui
- Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction Dpt., University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Fernando Lusquiños
- Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Anthony L B Maçon
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Francesca Tallia
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Julian R Jones
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Juan Pou
- Applied Physics Department, University of Vigo, EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Osteoarthritis: Practice and Possible Promises. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1387:107-125. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Z, Han L, Sun T, Ma J, Sun S, Ma L, Wu B. Extracellular matrix derived from allogenic decellularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets for the reconstruction of osteochondral defects in rabbits. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:54-68. [PMID: 33068746 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds from synthetical polymers or decellularized cartilage matrices have been widely used in osteochondral regeneration. However, the risks of potential immunological reactions and the inevitable donor morbidity of these scaffolds have limited their practical applications. To address these issues, a biological extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold derived from allogenic decellularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets was established for osteochondral reconstruction. BMSCs were induced to form cell sheets. Three different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), namely, 0.5%, 1%, and 3%, were used to decellularize these BMSC sheets to prepare the ECM. Histological and microstructural observations were performed in vitro and then the ECM scaffolds were implanted into osteochondral defects in rabbits to evaluate the repair effect in vivo. Treatment with 0.5% SDS not only efficiently removed BMSCs but also successfully preserved the original structure and bioactive components of the ECM When compared with the 1% and 3% SDS groups, histological observations substantiated the superior repair effect of osteochondral defects, including the simultaneous regeneration of well-vascularized subchondral bone and avascular articular cartilage integrated with native tissues in the 0.5% SDS group. Moreover, RT-PCR indicated that ECM scaffolds could promote the osteogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs under osteogenic conditions while increasing the chondrogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs under chondrogenic conditions. Allogenic BMSC sheets decellularized with 0.5% SDS treatment increased the recruitment of BMSCs and significantly improved the regeneration of osteochondral defects in rabbits, thus providing a prospective approach for both articular cartilage and subchondral bone reconstruction with cell-free transplantation.
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18
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Jacob G, Shimomura K, Nakamura N. Osteochondral Injury, Management and Tissue Engineering Approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580868. [PMID: 33251212 PMCID: PMC7673409 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondral lesions (OL) are a common clinical problem for orthopedic surgeons worldwide and are associated with multiple clinical scenarios ranging from trauma to osteonecrosis. OL vary from chondral lesions in that they involve the subchondral bone and chondral surface, making their management more complex than an isolated chondral injury. Subchondral bone involvement allows for a natural healing response from the body as marrow elements are able to come into contact with the defect site. However, this repair is inadequate resulting in fibrous scar tissue. The second differentiating feature of OL is that damage to the subchondral bone has deleterious effects on the mechanical strength and nutritive capabilities to the chondral joint surface. The clinical solution must, therefore, address both the articular cartilage as well as the subchondral bone beneath it to restore and preserve joint health. Both cartilage and subchondral bone have distinctive functional requirements and therefore their physical and biological characteristics are very much dissimilar, yet they must work together as one unit for ideal joint functioning. In the past, the obvious solution was autologous graft transfer, where an osteochondral bone plug was harvested from a non-weight bearing portion of the joint and implanted into the defect site. Allografts have been utilized similarly to eliminate the donor site morbidity associated with autologous techniques and overall results have been good but both techniques have their drawbacks and limitations. Tissue engineering has thus been an attractive option to create multiphasic scaffolds and implants. Biphasic and triphasic implants have been under explored and have both a chondral and subchondral component with an interface between the two to deliver an implant which is biocompatible and emulates the osteochondral unit as a whole. It has been a challenge to develop such implants and many manufacturing techniques have been utilized to bring together two unalike materials and combine them with cellular therapies. We summarize the functions of the osteochondral unit and describe the currently available management techniques under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Jacob
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tejasvini Hospital, Mangalore, India
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Jarrell DK, Vanderslice EJ, VeDepo MC, Jacot JG. Engineering Myocardium for Heart Regeneration-Advancements, Considerations, and Future Directions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:586261. [PMID: 33195474 PMCID: PMC7588355 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.586261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States among both adults and infants. In adults, 5-year survival after a heart attack is <60%, and congenital heart defects are the top killer of liveborn infants. Problematically, the regenerative capacity of the heart is extremely limited, even in newborns. Furthermore, suitable donor hearts for transplant cannot meet the demand and require recipients to use immunosuppressants for life. Tissue engineered myocardium has the potential to replace dead or fibrotic heart tissue in adults and could also be used to permanently repair congenital heart defects in infants. In addition, engineering functional myocardium could facilitate the development of a whole bioartificial heart. Here, we review and compare in vitro and in situ myocardial tissue engineering strategies. In the context of this comparison, we consider three challenges that must be addressed in the engineering of myocardial tissue: recapitulation of myocardial architecture, vascularization of the tissue, and modulation of the immune system. In addition to reviewing and analyzing current progress, we recommend specific strategies for the generation of tissue engineered myocardial patches for heart regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon K Jarrell
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ethan J Vanderslice
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mitchell C VeDepo
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Jacot
- Jacot Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Meng X, Grad S, Wen C, Lai Y, Alini M, Qin L, Wang X. An impaired healing model of osteochondral defect in papain-induced arthritis. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:101-110. [PMID: 33437629 PMCID: PMC7773975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteochondral defects (OCD) are common in osteoarthritis (OA) and difficult to heal. Numerous tissue engineering approaches and novel biomaterials are developed to solve this challenging condition. Although most of the novel methods can successfully treat osteochondral defects in preclinical trials, their clinical application in OA patients is not satisfactory, due to a high spontaneous recovery rate of many preclinical animal models by ignoring the inflammatory environment. In this study, we developed a sustained osteochondral defect model in osteoarthritic rabbits and compared the cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration in normal and arthritic environments. Methods Rabbits were injected with papain (1.25%) in the right knee joints (OA group), and saline in the left knee joints (Non-OA group) at day 1 and day 3. One week later a cylindrical osteochondral defect of 3.2 mm in diameter and 3 mm depth was made in the femoral patellar groove. After 16 weeks, newly regenerated cartilage and bone inside the defect were evaluated by micro-CT, histomorphology and immunohistochemistry. Results One week after papain injection, extracellular matrix in the OA group demonstrated dramatically less safranin O staining intensity than in the non-OA group. Until 13 weeks of post-surgery, knee width remained significantly higher in the OA group than the non-OA control group. Sixteen weeks after surgery, the OA group had 11.3% lower International Cartilage Regeneration and Joint Preservation Society score and 32.5% lower O’Driscoll score than the non-OA group. There were less sulfated glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen but 74.1% more MMP-3 protein in the regenerated cartilage of the OA group compared with the non-OA group. As to the regenerated bone, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and trabecular number were all about 28% lower, while the bone mineral density was 26.7% higher in the OA group compared to the non-OA group. Dynamic histomorphometry parameters including percent labeled perimeter, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate were lower in the OA group than in the non-OA group. Immunohistochemistry data showed that the OA group had 15.9% less type I collagen than the non-OA group. Conclusion The present study successfully established a non-self-healing osteochondral defect rabbit model in papain-induced OA, which was well simulating the clinical feature and pathology. In addition, we confirmed that both cartilage and subchondral bone regeneration were further impaired in arthritic environment. The translational potential of this article The present study provides an osteochondral defect in a small osteoarthritic model. This non-self-healing model and the evaluation protocol could be used to evaluate the efficacy and study the mechanism of newly developed biomaterials or tissue engineering methods preclinically; as methods tested in reliable preclinical models are expected to achieve improved success rate when tested clinically for treatment of OCD in OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Meng
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Chunyi Wen
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuxiao Lai
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos Platz, 7270, Switzerland
| | - Ling Qin
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinluan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,CAS-HK Joint Lab of Biomaterials, Joint Laboratory of Chinese Academic of Science and Hong Kong for Biomaterials, Translational Medicine Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Lin D, Cai B, Wang L, Cai L, Wang Z, Xie J, Lv QX, Yuan Y, Liu C, Shen SGF. A viscoelastic PEGylated poly(glycerol sebacate)-based bilayer scaffold for cartilage regeneration in full-thickness osteochondral defect. Biomaterials 2020; 253:120095. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Han Y, Lian M, Sun B, Jia B, Wu Q, Qiao Z, Dai K. Preparation of high precision multilayer scaffolds based on Melt Electro-Writing to repair cartilage injury. Theranostics 2020; 10:10214-10230. [PMID: 32929344 PMCID: PMC7481411 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Articular cartilage injury is quite common. However, post-injury cartilage repair is challenging and often requires medical intervention, which can be aided by 3D printed tissue engineering scaffolds. Specifically, the high accuracy of Melt Electro-Writing (MEW) technology facilitates the printing of scaffolds that imitate the structure and composition of natural cartilage to promote repair. Methods: MEW and Inkjet printing technology was employed to manufacture a composite scaffold that was then implanted into a cartilage injury site through microfracture surgery. While printing polycaprolactone (PCL) or PCL/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds, cytokine-containing microspheres were sprayed alternately to form multiple layers containing transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (surface layer), insulin-like growth factor-1 (middle layer), and HA (deep layer). Results: The composite biological scaffold was conducive to adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells recruited from the bone marrow and blood. Meanwhile, the environmental differences between the scaffold's layers contributed to the regional heterogeneity of chondrocytes and secreted proteins to promote functional cartilage regeneration. The biological effect of the composite scaffold was validated both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: A cartilage repair scaffold was established with high precision as well as promising mechanical and biological properties. This scaffold can promote the repair of cartilage injury by using, and inducing the differentiation and expression of, autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
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Campos Y, Almirall A, Fuentes G, Bloem HL, Kaijzel EL, Cruz LJ. Tissue Engineering: An Alternative to Repair Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 25:357-373. [PMID: 30913997 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we review the state-of-the-art in tissue engineering for repair of articular cartilage. First, we describe the molecular, cellular, and histologic structure and function of endogenous cartilage, focusing on chondrocytes, collagens, extracellular matrix, and proteoglycans. We then explore in vitro cell culture on scaffolds, discussing the difficulties involved in maintaining or obtaining a chondrocytic phenotype. Next, we discuss the diverse compounds and designs used for these scaffolds, including natural and synthetic biomaterials and porous, fibrous, and multilayer architectures. We then report on the mechanical properties of different cell-loaded scaffolds, and the success of these scaffolds following in vivo implantation in small animals, in terms of generating tissue that structurally and functionally resembles native tissue. Last, we highlight future trends in this field. We conclude that despite major technical advances made over the past 15 years, and continually improving results in cartilage repair experiments in animals, the development of clinically useful implants for regeneration of articular cartilage remains a challenge
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Campos
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gastón Fuentes
- 1Biomaterials Center, Havana University, LA Habana, Cuba.,2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans L Bloem
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eric L Kaijzel
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luis J Cruz
- 2Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
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25
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Reconstruction of the ovary microenvironment utilizing macroporous scaffold with affinity-bound growth factors. Biomaterials 2019; 205:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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26
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Martín AR, Patel JM, Zlotnick HM, Carey JL, Mauck RL. Emerging therapies for cartilage regeneration in currently excluded 'red knee' populations. NPJ Regen Med 2019; 4:12. [PMID: 31231546 PMCID: PMC6542813 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-019-0074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of articular cartilage repair has made significant advances in recent decades; yet current therapies are generally not evaluated or tested, at the time of pivotal trial, in patients with a variety of common comorbidities. To that end, we systematically reviewed cartilage repair clinical trials to identify common exclusion criteria and reviewed the literature to identify emerging regenerative approaches that are poised to overcome these current exclusion criteria. The term “knee cartilage repair” was searched on clinicaltrials.gov. Of the 60 trials identified on initial search, 33 were further examined to extract exclusion criteria. Criteria excluded by more than half of the trials were identified in order to focus discussion on emerging regenerative strategies that might address these concerns. These criteria included age (<18 or >55 years old), small defects (<1 cm2), large defects (>8 cm2), multiple defect (>2 lesions), BMI >35, meniscectomy (>50%), bilateral knee pathology, ligamentous instability, arthritis, malalignment, prior repair, kissing lesions, neurologic disease of lower extremities, inflammation, infection, endocrine or metabolic disease, drug or alcohol abuse, pregnancy, and history of cancer. Finally, we describe emerging tissue engineering and regenerative approaches that might foster cartilage repair in these challenging environments. The identified criteria exclude a majority of the affected population from treatment, and thus greater focus must be placed on these emerging cartilage regeneration techniques to treat patients with the challenging “red knee”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Martín
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jay M Patel
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Hannah M Zlotnick
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,3Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - James L Carey
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,2Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.,3Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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27
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Dinoro J, Maher M, Talebian S, Jafarkhani M, Mehrali M, Orive G, Foroughi J, Lord MS, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A. Sulfated polysaccharide-based scaffolds for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 214:119214. [PMID: 31163358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Given their native-like biological properties, high growth factor retention capacity and porous nature, sulfated-polysaccharide-based scaffolds hold great promise for a number of tissue engineering applications. Specifically, as they mimic important properties of tissues such as bone and cartilage they are ideal for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Their biomimicry properties encompass important cell-binding motifs, native-like mechanical properties, designated sites for bone mineralisation and strong growth factor binding and signaling capacity. Even so, scientists in the field have just recently begun to utilise them as building blocks for tissue engineering scaffolds. Most of these efforts have so far been directed towards in vitro studies, and for these reasons the clinical gap is still substantial. With this review paper, we have tried to highlight some of the important chemical, physical and biological features of sulfated-polysaccharides in relation to their chondrogenic and osteogenic inducing capacity. Additionally, their usage in various in vivo model systems is discussed. The clinical studies reviewed herein paint a promising picture heralding a brave new world for orthopaedic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Dinoro
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science AIIM Facility University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Malachy Maher
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science AIIM Facility University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Sepehr Talebian
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science AIIM Facility University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Mahboubeh Jafarkhani
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Denmark
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Denmark
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore
| | - Javad Foroughi
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science AIIM Facility University of Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, 2800 Kgs, Denmark; Department of Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands.
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28
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Casanova MR, Alves da Silva M, Costa-Pinto AR, Reis RL, Martins A, Neves NM. Chondrogenesis-inductive nanofibrous substrate using both biological fluids and mesenchymal stem cells from an autologous source. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:1169-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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29
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Freedman BR, Mooney DJ. Biomaterials to Mimic and Heal Connective Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806695. [PMID: 30908806 PMCID: PMC6504615 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue is one of the four major types of animal tissue and plays essential roles throughout the human body. Genetic factors, aging, and trauma all contribute to connective tissue dysfunction and motivate the need for strategies to promote healing and regeneration. The goal here is to link a fundamental understanding of connective tissues and their multiscale properties to better inform the design and translation of novel biomaterials to promote their regeneration. Major clinical problems in adipose tissue, cartilage, dermis, and tendon are discussed that inspire the need to replace native connective tissue with biomaterials. Then, multiscale structure-function relationships in native soft connective tissues that may be used to guide material design are detailed. Several biomaterials strategies to improve healing of these tissues that incorporate biologics and are biologic-free are reviewed. Finally, important guidance documents and standards (ASTM, FDA, and EMA) that are important to consider for translating new biomaterials into clinical practice are highligted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Freedman
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David J Mooney
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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30
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Deng C, Chang J, Wu C. Bioactive scaffolds for osteochondral regeneration. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:15-25. [PMID: 31194079 PMCID: PMC6551354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for osteochondral defects remains a great challenge. Although several clinical strategies have been developed for management of osteochondral defects, the reconstruction of both cartilage and subchondral bone has proved to be difficult due to their different physiological structures and functions. Considering the restriction of cartilage to self-healing and the different biological properties in osteochondral tissue, new therapy strategies are essential to be developed. This review will focus on the latest developments of bioactive scaffolds, which facilitate the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Besides, the topic will also review the basic anatomy, strategies and challenges for osteochondral reconstruction, the selection of cells, biochemical factors and bioactive materials, as well as the design and preparation of bioactive scaffolds. Specifically, we summarize the most recent developments of single-type bioactive scaffolds for simultaneously regenerating cartilage and subchondral bone. Moreover, the future outlook of bioactive scaffolds in osteochondral tissue engineering will be discussed. This review offers a comprehensive summary of the most recent trend in osteochondral defect reconstruction, paving the way for the bioactive scaffolds in clinical therapy. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This review summaries the latest developments of single-type bioactive scaffolds for regeneration of osteochondral defects. We also highlight a new possible translational direction for cartilage formation by harnessing bioactive ions and propose novel paradigms for subchondral bone regeneration in application of bioceramic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, PR China
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31
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Ghosh M, Halperin-Sternfeld M, Grinberg I, Adler-Abramovich L. Injectable Alginate-Peptide Composite Hydrogel as a Scaffold for Bone Tissue Regeneration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E497. [PMID: 30939729 PMCID: PMC6523611 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The high demand for tissue engineering scaffolds capable of inducing bone regeneration using minimally invasive techniques prompts the need for the development of new biomaterials. Herein, we investigate the ability of Alginate incorporated with the fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (FmocFF) peptide composite hydrogel to serve as a potential biomaterial for bone regeneration. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the self-assembling peptide, FmocFF, in sodium alginate leads to the production of a rigid, yet injectable, hydrogel without the addition of cross-linking agents. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a nanofibrous structure which mimics the natural bone extracellular matrix. The formed composite hydrogel exhibits thixotropic behavior and a high storage modulus of approximately 10 kPA, as observed in rheological measurements. The in vitro biocompatibility tests carried out with MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells demonstrate good cell viability and adhesion to the hydrogel fibers. This composite scaffold can induce osteogenic differentiation and facilitate calcium mineralization, as shown by Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase activity and RT-PCR analysis. The high biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties and similarity to the native extracellular matrix suggest the utilization of this hydrogel as a temporary three-dimensional cellular microenvironment promoting bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Michal Halperin-Sternfeld
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Itzhak Grinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Lihi Adler-Abramovich
- Department of Oral Biology, The Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
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32
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Mohammadi S, Ramakrishna S, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA, Semnani D, Sadeghi D, Bonakdar S, Akbari M. Fabrication of Nanofibrous PVA/Alginate-Sulfate Substrates for Growth Factor Delivery. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 107:403-413. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mohammadi
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Victoria; Victoria V8P 5C2 Canada
- National Cell Bank Department; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; National University of Singapore; Engineering Drive 3, 117576 Singapore
- Institute of CNS Regeneration; Jinan University; Guangzhou China
| | - Sophie Laurent
- NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of General; Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, University of Mons; 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons Belgium
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI); Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Dariush Semnani
- Department of Textile Engineering; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Davoud Sadeghi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department; Pasteur Institute of Iran; Tehran 13164 Iran
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Victoria; Victoria V8P 5C2 Canada
- Center for Biomedical Research; University of Victoria; Victoria V8P 5C2 Canada
- Center for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC); University of Victoria; Victoria V8P 5C2 Canada
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33
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Ruvinov E, Tavor Re'em T, Witte F, Cohen S. Articular cartilage regeneration using acellular bioactive affinity-binding alginate hydrogel: A 6-month study in a mini-pig model of osteochondral defects. J Orthop Translat 2018; 16:40-52. [PMID: 30723680 PMCID: PMC6350049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite intensive research, regeneration of articular cartilage largely remains an unresolved medical concern as the clinically available modalities still suffer from long-term inconsistent data, relatively high failure rates and high prices of more promising approaches, such as cell therapy. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and long-term efficacy of a bilayered injectable acellular affinity-binding alginate hydrogel in a large animal model of osteochondral defects. Methods The affinity-binding alginate hydrogel is designed for presentation and slow release of chondrogenic and osteogenic inducers (transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenic protein 4, respectively) in two distinct and separate hydrogel layers. The hydrogel was injected into the osteochondral defects created in the femoral medial condyle in mini-pigs, and various outcomes were evaluated after 6 months. Results Macroscopical and histological assessment of the defects treated with growth factor affinity-bound hydrogel showed effective reconstruction of articular cartilage layer, with major features of hyaline tissue, such as a glossy surface and cellular organisation, associated with marked deposition of proteoglycans and type II collagen. Microcomputed tomography showed incomplete bone formation in both treatment groups, which was nevertheless augmented by the presence of affinity-bound growth factors. Importantly, the physical nature of the applied hydrogel ensured its shear resistance, seamless integration and topographical matching to the surroundings and opposing articulating surface. Conclusions The treatment with acellular injectable growth factor-loaded affinity-binding alginate hydrogel resulted in effective tissue restoration with major hallmarks of hyaline cartilage, shown in large animal model after 6-month follow-up. The translational potential of this article This proof-of-concept study in a clinically relevant large animal model showed promising potential of an injectable acellular growth factor-loaded affinity-binding alginate hydrogel for effective repair and regeneration of articular hyaline cartilage, representing a strong candidate for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ruvinov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tali Tavor Re'em
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Frank Witte
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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34
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Huynh NPT, Brunger JM, Gloss CC, Moutos FT, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Differential Matrix Deposition on 3D Woven Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1531-1544. [PMID: 29756533 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches for the repair of osteochondral defects using biomaterial scaffolds and stem cells have remained challenging due to the inherent complexities of inducing cartilage-like matrix and bone-like matrix within the same local environment. Members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family have been extensively utilized in the engineering of skeletal tissues, but have distinct effects on chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. The goal of this study was to develop a method to direct human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to deposit either mineralized matrix or a cartilaginous matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen within the same biochemical environment. This differential induction was performed by culturing cells on engineered three-dimensionally woven poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds in a chondrogenic environment for cartilage-like matrix production while inhibiting TGFβ3 signaling through Mothers against DPP homolog 3 (SMAD3) knockdown, in combination with overexpressing RUNX2, to achieve mineralization. The highest levels of mineral deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed on scaffolds with genetically engineered MSCs and exhibited a synergistic effect in response to SMAD3 knockdown and RUNX2 expression. Meanwhile, unmodified MSCs on PCL scaffolds exhibited accumulation of an extracellular matrix rich in glycosaminoglycan and type II collagen in the same biochemical environment. This ability to derive differential matrix deposition in a single culture condition opens new avenues for developing complex tissue replacements for chondral or osteochondral defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,3 Department of Cell Biology, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Catherine C Gloss
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Charles A Gersbach
- 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis , Saint Louis, Missouri.,2 Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri.,5 Cytex Therapeutics, Inc. , Durham, North Carolina
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35
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Chang NJ, Erdenekhuyag Y, Chou PH, Chu CJ, Lin CC, Shie MY. Therapeutic Effects of the Addition of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Bioimplants and Early Rehabilitation Exercise on Articular Cartilage Repair. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:2232-2241. [PMID: 29927631 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518780955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treating articular cartilage lesions is clinically challenging. However, whether the addition of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to bioimplants along with early rehabilitation exercise provides therapeutic effects and regenerates the osteochondral defect remains uninvestigated. HYPOTHESIS The addition of PRP to a polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffold along with continuous passive motion (CPM) in osteochondral defects may offer beneficial in situ microenvironment changes to facilitate hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS In 26 rabbits, 52 critical osteochondral defects were created in bilateral femoral trochlear grooves. The rabbits were allocated to 1 of the following 3 groups: PRP gel (PG group), PRP + PLGA scaffold (PP group), and PRP + PLGA scaffold + CPM (PPC group). At 4 and 12 weeks after surgery, the specimens were assessed by a macroscopic examination, a histological evaluation with immunohistochemical staining, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS The PPC group exhibited the most favorable therapeutic outcomes in terms of hyaline cartilage regeneration. At week 4, the PPC group exhibited significantly higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (COL) II and modest increases in COL I, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inflammatory cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). At week 12, the PPC group had significantly higher tissue repair scores, corresponding to a sound articular cartilage surface and chondrocyte and collagen arrangement. This group demonstrated restored hyaline cartilage and mineralized bone volume per tissue volume, which had an integrating structure in the repair site. However, the PG and PP groups exhibited mainly fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage, corresponding to higher expressions of COL I, TNF-α, IL-6, and MMP-3. CONCLUSION PRP with a PLGA graft along with early CPM exercise is promising for the repair of osteochondral defects in rabbit knee joints. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates the efficacy of a triad therapy involving the addition of PRP to bioimplants along with early CPM intervention for hyaline cartilage and subchondral regeneration. However, PRP alone (with or without PLGA implants) is limited to osteochondral defect repair without significant regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yanjmaa Erdenekhuyag
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsi Chou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jou Chu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-You Shie
- 3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Bar A, Ruvinov E, Cohen S. Live imaging flow bioreactor for the simulation of articular cartilage regeneration after treatment with bioactive hydrogel. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:2205-2216. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Bar
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Emil Ruvinov
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
| | - Smadar Cohen
- The Avram and Stella Goldstein‐Goren Department of Biotechnology EngineeringBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research CenterBen‐Gurion University of the NegevBeer‐Sheva Israel
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Abstract
Stem cells and tissue-derived stromal cells stimulate the repair of degenerated and injured tissues, motivating a growing number of cell-based interventions in the musculoskeletal field. Recent investigations have indicated that these cells are critical for their trophic and immunomodulatory role in controlling endogenous cells. This Review presents recent clinical advances where stem cells and stromal cells have been used to stimulate musculoskeletal tissue repair, including delivery strategies to improve cell viability and retention. Emerging bioengineering strategies are highlighted, particularly toward the development of biomaterials for capturing aspects of the native tissue environment, altering the healing niche, and recruiting endogenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Loebel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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38
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Elastic polyurethane bearing pendant TGF-β1 affinity peptide for potential tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 83:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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Chen J, Li Y, Wang B, Yang J, Heng BC, Yang Z, Ge Z, Lin J. TGF-β1 affinity peptides incorporated within a chitosan sponge scaffold can significantly enhance cartilage regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:675-687. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02132a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold incorporated with affinity peptides can efficiently promote cartilage regeneration without exogenous addition of growth factors and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Yijiang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jiabei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Department of Endodontology
- The University of Hong Kong
- Pokfulam
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program
- Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117510
- Singapore
| | - Zigang Ge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center
- Peking University People's Hospital
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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40
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Pereira DR, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Layered Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1058:193-218. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76711-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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41
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Park JY, Park SH, Kim MG, Park SH, Yoo TH, Kim MS. Biomimetic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1064:109-121. [PMID: 30471029 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0445-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomimetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering has been studied for a long time. Biomimetic scaffolds can assist and accelerate bone regeneration that is similar to that of authentic tissue, which represents the environment of cells in a living organism. Currently, numerous biomaterials have been reported for use as a biomimetic scaffold. This review focuses on the design of biomimetic scaffolds, kinds of biomaterials and methods used to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds, growth factors used with biomimetic scaffold for bone regeneration, mobilization of biological agents into biomimetic scaffolds, and studies on (pre)clinical bone regeneration from biomimetic scaffolds. Then, future prospects for biomimetic scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Yeong Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Park
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mal Geum Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon Yoo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Moon Suk Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea.
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42
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Lee YH, Wu HC, Yeh CW, Kuan CH, Liao HT, Hsu HC, Tsai JC, Sun JS, Wang TW. Enzyme-crosslinked gene-activated matrix for the induction of mesenchymal stem cells in osteochondral tissue regeneration. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:210-226. [PMID: 28899816 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of osteochondral tissue engineering is an important issue for the treatment of traumatic injury or aging associated joint disease. However, the different compositions and mechanical properties of cartilage and subchondral bone show the complexity of this tissue interface, making it challenging for the design and fabrication of osteochondral graft substitute. In this study, a bilayer scaffold is developed to promote the regeneration of osteochondral tissue within a single integrated construct. It has the capacity to serve as a gene delivery platform to promote transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the functional osteochondral tissues formation. For the subchondral bone layer, the bone matrix with organic (type I collagen, Col) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite, Hap) composite scaffold has been developed through mineralization of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals oriented growth on collagen fibrils. We also prepare multi-shell nanoparticles in different layers with a calcium phosphate core and DNA/calcium phosphate shells conjugated with polyethyleneimine to act as non-viral vectors for delivery of plasmid DNA encoding BMP2 and TGF-β3, respectively. Microbial transglutaminase is used as a cross-linking agent to crosslink the bilayer scaffold. The ability of this scaffold to act as a gene-activated matrix is demonstrated with successful transfection efficiency. The results show that the sustained release of plasmids from gene-activated matrix can promote prolonged transgene expression and stimulate hMSCs differentiation into osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages by spatial and temporal control within the bilayer composite scaffold. This improved delivery method may enhance the functionalized composite graft to accelerate healing process for osteochondral tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this study, a gene-activated matrix (GAM) to promote the growth of both cartilage and subchondral bone within a single integrated construct is developed. It has the capacity to promote transfection of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and the functional osteochondral tissues formation. The results show that the sustained release of plasmids including TGF-beta and BMP-2 from GAM could promote prolonged transgene expression and stimulate hMSCs differentiation into the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages by spatial control manner. This improved delivery method should enhance the functionalized composite graft to accelerate healing process in vitro and in vivo for osteochondral tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chin Wu
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Han-Tsung Liao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Che Tsai
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tatung University, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Sheng Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
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43
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Di Luca A, Klein-Gunnewiek M, Vancso JG, van Blitterswijk CA, Benetti EM, Moroni L. Covalent Binding of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Transforming Growth Factor-β3 to 3D Plotted Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28865136 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the osteochondral tissue presents some challenges mainly relying in its function of transition from the subchondral bone to articular cartilage and the gradual variation in several biological, mechanical, and structural features. A possible solution for osteochondral regeneration might be the design and fabrication of scaffolds presenting a gradient able to mimic this transition. Covalent binding of biological factors proved to enhance cell adhesion and differentiation in two-dimensional culture substrates. Here, we used polymer brushes as selective linkers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) on the surface of 3D scaffolds fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) and subsequent controlled radical polymerization. These growth factors (GFs) are known to stimulate the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) toward the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, respectively. BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were covalently bound both homogeneously within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based brush-functionalized scaffolds, and following a gradient composition by varying their concentration along the axial section of the 3D constructs. Following an approach previously developed by our group and proved to be successful to generate fibronectin gradients, opposite brush-supported gradients of BMP-2 and TGF-β3 were finally generated and subsequently tested to differentiate cells in a gradient fashion. The brush-supported GFs significantly influenced hMSCs osteochondral differentiation when the scaffolds were homogenously modified, yet no effect was observed in the gradient scaffolds. Therefore, this technique seems promising to maintain the biological activity of growth factors covalently linked to 3D scaffolds, but needs to be further optimized in case biological gradients are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Luca
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Klein-Gunnewiek
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Julius G Vancso
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- University of Twente, Materials Science and Technology of Polymers Group, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093-CH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- University of Twente, Tissue Regeneration Department, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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44
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition characterized by painful cartilage lesions that impair joint mobility. Current treatments such as lavage, microfracture, and osteochondral implantation fail to integrate newly formed tissue with host tissues and establish a stable transition to subchondral bone. Similarly, tissue-engineered grafts that facilitate cartilage and bone regeneration are challenged by how to integrate the graft seamlessly with surrounding host cartilage and/or bone. This review centers on current approaches to promote cartilage graft integration. It begins with an overview of articular cartilage structure and function, as well as degenerative changes to this relationship attributed to aging, disease, and trauma. A discussion of the current progress in integrative cartilage repair follows, focusing on graft or scaffold design strategies targeting cartilage-cartilage and/or cartilage-bone integration. It is emphasized that integrative repair is required to ensure long-term success of the cartilage graft and preserve the integrity of the newly engineered articular cartilage. Studies involving the use of enzymes, choice of cell source, biomaterial selection, growth factor incorporation, and stratified versus gradient scaffolds are therefore highlighted. Moreover, models that accurately evaluate the ability of cartilage grafts to enhance tissue integrity and prevent ectopic calcification are also discussed. A summary and future directions section concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K Boushell
- a Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- b Cellular Engineering Laboratory , Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ernst B Hunziker
- c Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Clinical Research, Center of Regenerative Medicine for Skeletal Tissues , University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Eric J Strauss
- d Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Langone Medical Center , New York University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- a Biomaterials and Interface Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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45
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Kumbhar JV, Jadhav SH, Bodas DS, Barhanpurkar-Naik A, Wani MR, Paknikar KM, Rajwade JM. In vitro and in vivo studies of a novel bacterial cellulose-based acellular bilayer nanocomposite scaffold for the repair of osteochondral defects. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6437-6459. [PMID: 28919746 PMCID: PMC5590766 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s137361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally occurring nanofibrous biomaterial which exhibits unique physical properties and is amenable to chemical modifications. To explore whether this versatile material can be used in the treatment of osteochondral defects (OCD), we developed and characterized novel BC-based nanocomposite scaffolds, for example, BC-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) and BC-glycosaminoglycans (BC-GAG) that mimic bone and cartilage, respectively. In vitro biocompatibility of BC-HA and BC-GAG scaffolds was established using osteosarcoma cells, human articular chondrocytes, and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. On subcutaneous implantation, the scaffolds allowed tissue ingrowth and induced no adverse immunological reactions suggesting excellent in vivo biocompatibility. Implantation of acellular bilayered scaffolds in OCD created in rat knees induced progressive regeneration of cartilage tissue, deposition of extracellular matrix, and regeneration of subchondral bone by the host cells. The results of micro-CT revealed that bone mineral density and ratio of bone volume to tissue volume were significantly higher in animals receiving bilayered scaffold as compared to the control animals. To the best of our knowledge, this study proves for the first time, the functional performance of acellular BC-based bilayered scaffolds. Thus, this strategy has great potential for clinical translation and can be used in repair of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mohan R Wani
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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46
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Shen T, Dai Y, Li X, Xu S, Gou Z, Gao C. Regeneration of the Osteochondral Defect by a Wollastonite and Macroporous Fibrin Biphasic Scaffold. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 4:1942-1953. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuankun Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xuguang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Sanzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, the First Affiliated hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystem Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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47
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Donnelly H, Smith CA, Sweeten PE, Gadegaard N, Meek RD, D'Este M, Mata A, Eglin D, Dalby MJ. Bone and cartilage differentiation of a single stem cell population driven by material interface. J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417705615. [PMID: 28567273 PMCID: PMC5438107 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417705615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, are a multipotent cell source able to differentiate towards multiple cell types. While used widely in tissue engineering and biomaterials research, they present inherent donor variability and functionalities. In addition, their potential to form multiple tissues is rarely exploited. Here, we combine an osteogenic nanotopography and a chondrogenic hyaluronan hydrogel with the hypothesis that we can make a complex tissue from a single multipotent cell source with the exemplar of creating a three-dimensional bone–cartilage boundary environment. Marrow stromal cells were seeded onto the topographical surface and the temperature gelling hydrogel laid on top. Cells that remained on the nanotopography spread and formed osteoblast-like cells, while those that were seeded into or migrated into the gel remained rounded and expressed chondrogenic markers. This novel, simple interfacial environment provides a platform for anisotropic differentiation of cells from a single source, which could ultimately be exploited to sort osteogenic and chondrogenic progenitor cells from a marrow stromal cell population and to develop a tissue engineered interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Donnelly
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Paula E Sweeten
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rm Dominic Meek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Alvaro Mata
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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48
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Arlov Ø, Skjåk-Bræk G. Sulfated Alginates as Heparin Analogues: A Review of Chemical and Functional Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:E778. [PMID: 28492485 PMCID: PMC6154561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin is widely recognized for its potent anticoagulating effects, but has an additional wide range of biological properties due to its high negative charge and heterogeneous molecular structure. This heterogeneity has been one of the factors in motivating the exploration of functional analogues with a more predictable modification pattern and monosaccharide sequence, that can aid in elucidating structure-function relationships and further be structurally customized to fine-tune physical and biological properties toward novel therapeutic applications and biomaterials. Alginates have been of great interest in biomedicine due to their inherent biocompatibility, gentle gelling conditions, and structural versatility from chemo-enzymatic engineering, but display limited interactions with cells and biomolecules that are characteristic of heparin and the other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the extracellular environment. Here, we review the chemistry and physical and biological properties of sulfated alginates as structural and functional heparin analogues, and discuss how they may be utilized in applications where the use of heparin and other sulfated GAGs is challenging and limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Arlov
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Richard Birkelands vei 3B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk
- Department of Biotechnology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6/8, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
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49
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Development of polymeric functionally graded scaffolds: a brief review. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2017; 15:e107-e121. [PMID: 28009418 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, there has been a growing interest in multilayer scaffolds fabrication approaches. In fact, functionally graded scaffolds (FGSs) provide biological and mechanical functions potentially similar to those of native tissues. Based on the final application of the scaffold, there are different properties (physical, mechanical, biochemical, etc.) which need to gradually change in space. Therefore, a number of different technologies have been investigated, and often combined, to customize each region of the scaffolds as much as possible, aiming at achieving the best regenerative performance.In general, FGSs can be categorized as bilayered or multilayered, depending on the number of layers in the whole structure. In other cases, scaffolds are characterized by a continuous gradient of 1 or more specific properties that cannot be related to the presence of clearly distinguished layers. Since each traditional approach presents peculiar advantages and disadvantages, FGSs are good candidates to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. In contrast to the reviews reported in the literature, which usually focus on the application of FGS, this brief review provides an overview of the most common strategies adopted to prepare FGS.
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50
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O'Reilly A, Kelly DJ. A Computational Model of Osteochondral Defect Repair Following Implantation of Stem Cell-Laden Multiphase Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:30-42. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam O'Reilly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel John Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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