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Wong JSC, Chu WK, Li BFL, Zhang BN, Pang CP, Chong KKL. Elevated bone morphogenic protein 4 expression implicated in site-specific adipogenesis in thyroid associated orbitopathy. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:185-189. [PMID: 30721670 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Periorbital adipose tissue expansion is a key pathological change in thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO). Bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4) is instrumental in adipogenesis. We compared site-specific BMP4 expression and its effect on adipogenesis using donor-matched adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSC) from TAO patients. In this study, ADSC were generated from periorbital (eyelid, orbital) and subcutaneous (abdominal) adipose tissue. BMP4 expression was characterized by RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining and compared among ADSC from the three anatomic depots. Effects on adipogenesis after knocking down endogenous BMP4 were quantified by adipogenic markers PPARγ and perilipin. Exogenous BMP4 protein was added after BMP4 knockdown to study the role of BMP4 in adipogenesis. Our results showed that BMP4 staining in periorbital adipose tissue was stronger than those in subcutaneous. BMP4 mRNA expression was higher in eyelid (4.4-2489.4-fold) and orbital (6.9-1811-fold) than that of subcutaneous ADSC, whereas expression fell during induced adipogenesis. After BMP4 knockdown, both adipogenic markers PPARγ (eyelid: 1.7-fold, p = 0.038; orbital: 1.4-fold, p = 0.126) and perilipin (eyelid:1.7-fold, p = 0.001; orbital:2.6-fold, p = 0.066) increased in periorbital ADSC upon induction. These increased expression fell after adding exogenous BMP4 protein. Our findings demonstrated higher BMP4 expression was found in periorbital ADSC and adipose tissue compared to donor-matched subcutaneous counterparts, which fell during adipogenic induction. Knocking down BMP4 expression further enhanced adipogenesis in periorbital ADSC. This effect was reversed by adding exogenous BMP4 protein. We suggested a novel role of BMP4 in modulating site-specific adipogenesis in TAO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Siu Chong Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Benjamin Fuk Loi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bi Ning Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelvin Kam Lung Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, 1/F, Eye Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing St, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China.
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Ruvinov E, Tavor Re'em T, Witte F, Cohen S. Articular cartilage regeneration using acellular bioactive affinity-binding alginate hydrogel: A 6-month study in a mini-pig model of osteochondral defects. J Orthop Translat 2018; 16:40-52. [PMID: 30723680 PMCID: PMC6350049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite intensive research, regeneration of articular cartilage largely remains an unresolved medical concern as the clinically available modalities still suffer from long-term inconsistent data, relatively high failure rates and high prices of more promising approaches, such as cell therapy. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility and long-term efficacy of a bilayered injectable acellular affinity-binding alginate hydrogel in a large animal model of osteochondral defects. Methods The affinity-binding alginate hydrogel is designed for presentation and slow release of chondrogenic and osteogenic inducers (transforming growth factor-β1 and bone morphogenic protein 4, respectively) in two distinct and separate hydrogel layers. The hydrogel was injected into the osteochondral defects created in the femoral medial condyle in mini-pigs, and various outcomes were evaluated after 6 months. Results Macroscopical and histological assessment of the defects treated with growth factor affinity-bound hydrogel showed effective reconstruction of articular cartilage layer, with major features of hyaline tissue, such as a glossy surface and cellular organisation, associated with marked deposition of proteoglycans and type II collagen. Microcomputed tomography showed incomplete bone formation in both treatment groups, which was nevertheless augmented by the presence of affinity-bound growth factors. Importantly, the physical nature of the applied hydrogel ensured its shear resistance, seamless integration and topographical matching to the surroundings and opposing articulating surface. Conclusions The treatment with acellular injectable growth factor-loaded affinity-binding alginate hydrogel resulted in effective tissue restoration with major hallmarks of hyaline cartilage, shown in large animal model after 6-month follow-up. The translational potential of this article This proof-of-concept study in a clinically relevant large animal model showed promising potential of an injectable acellular growth factor-loaded affinity-binding alginate hydrogel for effective repair and regeneration of articular hyaline cartilage, representing a strong candidate for future clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Ruvinov
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Tali Tavor Re'em
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Frank Witte
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Hong OK, Yoo SJ, Son JW, Kim MK, Baek KH, Song KH, Cha BY, Jo H, Kwon HS. High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20:169-75. [PMID: 26937213 PMCID: PMC4770107 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated whether hyperglycemia and/or free fatty acids (palmitate, PAL) aff ect the expression level of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), a proatherogenic marker, in endothelial cells and the potential role of BMP4 in diabetic vascular complications. To measure BMP4 expression, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to high glucose concentrations and/or PAL for 24 or 72 h, and the effects of these treatments on the expression levels of adhesion molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined. BMP4 loss-of-function status was achieved via transfection of a BMP4-specific siRNA. High glucose levels increased BMP4 expression in HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. PAL potentiated such expression. The levels of adhesion molecules and ROS production increased upon treatment with high glucose and/or PAL, but this eff ect was negated when BMP4 was knocked down via siRNA. Signaling of BMP4, a proinflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokine marker, was increased by hyperglycemia and PAL. BMP4 induced the expression of infl ammatory adhesion molecules and ROS production. Our work suggests that BMP4 plays a role in atherogenesis induced by high glucose levels and/or PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Soon-Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Kyunggi-do 14647, Korea
| | - Mee-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Ki-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Bong-Yun Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Korea
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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