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Lee H, Kengla C, Kim HS, Kim I, Cho JG, Renteria E, Shin K, Atala A, Yoo JJ, Lee SJ. Enhancing Craniofacial Bone Reconstruction with Clinically Applicable 3D Bioprinted Constructs. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302508. [PMID: 37906084 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Medical imaging and 3D bioprinting can be used to create patient-specific bone scaffolds with complex shapes and controlled inner architectures. This study investigated the effectiveness of a biomimetic approach to scaffold design by employing geometric control. The biomimetic scaffold with a dense external layer showed improved bone regeneration compared to the control scaffold. New bone filled the defected region in the biomimetic scaffolds, while the control scaffolds only presented new bone at the boundary. Histological examination also shows effective bone regeneration in the biomimetic scaffolds, while fibrotic tissue ingrowth is observed in the control scaffolds. These findings suggest that the biomimetic bone scaffold, designed to minimize competition for fibrotic tissue formation in the bony defect, can enhance bone regeneration. This study underscores the notion that patient-specific anatomy can be accurately translated into a 3D bioprinting strategy through medical imaging, leading to the fabrication of constructs with significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongjin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carlos Kengla
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Han Su Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ickhee Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jae-Gu Cho
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02708, Republic of Korea
| | - Eric Renteria
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Kyungsup Shin
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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2
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Said HA, Mabroum H, Lahcini M, Oudadesse H, Barroug A, Youcef HB, Noukrati H. Manufacturing methods, properties, and potential applications in bone tissue regeneration of hydroxyapatite-chitosan biocomposites: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125150. [PMID: 37285882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HA) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer are the major materials investigated for biomedical purposes. Both of these components play an important role in the orthopedic field as bone substitutes or drug release systems. Used separately, the hydroxyapatite is quite fragile, while CS mechanical strength is very weak. Therefore, a combination of HA and CS polymer is used, which provides excellent mechanical performance with high biocompatibility and biomimetic capacity. Moreover, the porous structure and reactivity of the hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) composite allow their application not only as a bone repair but also as a drug delivery system providing controlled drug release directly to the bone site. These features make biomimetic HA-CS composite a subject of interest for many researchers. Through this review, we provide the important recent achievements in the development of HA-CS composites, focusing on manufacturing techniques, conventional and novel three-dimensional bioprinting technology, and physicochemical and biological properties. The drug delivery properties and the most relevant biomedical applications of the HA-CS composite scaffolds are also presented. Finally, alternative approaches are proposed to develop HA composites with the aim to improve their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ait Said
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research laboratory (HTMR-Lab), 43150 Benguerir, Morocco; Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (SCIMATOP), Bd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - H Mabroum
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco
| | - M Lahcini
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, IMED Lab, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco
| | - H Oudadesse
- University of Rennes1, ISCR-UMR, 6226 Rennes, France
| | - A Barroug
- Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia (SCIMATOP), Bd Prince My Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000 Marrakech, Morocco; Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco
| | - H Ben Youcef
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), High Throughput Multidisciplinary Research laboratory (HTMR-Lab), 43150 Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - H Noukrati
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FMS), High Institute of Biological and Paramedical Sciences, ISSB-P, Morocco.
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Marin E, Yoshikawa O, Boschetto F, Honma T, Adachi T, Zhu W, Xu H, Kanamura N, Yamamoto T, Pezzotti G. Innovative electrospun PCL/fibroin/l-dopa scaffolds scaffolds supporting bone tissue regeneration. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35504268 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6c68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly-caprolactone is one of the most promising biocompatible polymers on the market, in particular for temporary devices that are not subjected to high physiological loads. Even if completely resorbable in various biological environments, poly-caprolactione does not play any specific biological role in supporting tissue regeneration and for this reason has a limited range of possible applications. In this preliminary work, for the first time l-dopa and fibroin have been combined with electrospun poly-caprolactone fibers in order to induce bioactive effects and, in particular, stimulate the proliferation, adhesion and osteoconduction of the polymeric fibers. Results showed that addition of low-molecular weight fibroin reduces the mechanical strength of the fibers while promoting the formation of mineralized deposits, when tested in vitro with KUSA-A1 mesenchymal cells. l-dopa, on the other hand, improved the mechanical properties and stimulated the formation of agglomerates of mineralized deposits containing calcium and phosphorous with high specific volume. The combination of the two substances resulted in good mechanical properties and higher amounts of mineralized deposits formed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Marin
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
| | - Orion Yoshikawa
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
| | | | - Taigi Honma
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
| | - Tetsuya Adachi
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, JAPAN
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
| | - H Xu
- Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
| | - Narisato Kanamura
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, JAPAN
| | - Toshiro Yamamoto
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, JAPAN
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585 Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8585, JAPAN
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4
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Rashia Begum S, Saravana Kumar M, Vasumathi M, Umar Farooq M, Pruncu CI. Revealing the compressive and flow properties of novel bone scaffold structure manufactured by selective laser sintering technique. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2022; 236:9544119211070412. [PMID: 35014560 DOI: 10.1177/09544119211070412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing is revolutionizing the field of medical sciences through its key application in the development of bone scaffolds. During scaffold fabrication, achieving a good level of porosity for enhanced mechanical strength is very challenging. The bone scaffolds should hold both the porosity and load withstanding capacity. In this research, a novel structure was designed with the aim of the evaluation of flexible porosity. A CAD model was generated for the novel structure using specific input parameters, whereas the porosity was controlled by varying the input parameters. Poly Amide (PA 2200) material was used for the fabrication of bone scaffolds, which is a biocompatible material. To fabricate a novel structure for bone scaffolds, a Selective Laser Sintering machine (SLS) was used. The displacement under compression loads was observed using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). In addition to this, numerical analysis of the components was also carried out. The compressive stiffness found through the analysis enables the verification of the load withstanding capacity of the specific bone scaffold model. The experimental porosity was compared with the theoretical porosity and showed almost 29% to 30% reductions when compared to the theoretical porosity. Structural analysis was carried out using ANSYS by changing the geometry. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out using ANSYS FLUENT to estimate the blood pressure and Wall Shear Stress (WSS). From the CFD analysis, maximum pressure of 1.799 Pa was observed. Though the porosity was less than 50%, there was not much variation of WSS. The achievement from this study endorses the great potential of the proposed models which can successfully be adapted for the required bone implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rashia Begum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Saravana Kumar
- Department of Production Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Vasumathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Catalin I Pruncu
- Design, Manufacturing & Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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In Vivo Investigation of Polymer-Ceramic PCL/HA and PCL/β-TCP 3D Composite Scaffolds and Electrical Stimulation for Bone Regeneration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010065. [PMID: 35012090 PMCID: PMC8747620 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defects are a major clinical challenge in reconstructive bone surgery. Polycaprolactone (PCL) mixed with bioceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), create composite scaffolds with improved biological recognition and bioactivity. Electrical stimulation (ES) aims to compensate the compromised endogenous electrical signals and to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the effects of composite scaffolds (PCL with HA; and PCL with β-TCP) and the use of ES on critical bone defects in Wistar rats using eight experimental groups: untreated, ES, PCL, PCL/ES, HA, HA/ES, TCP, and TCP/ES. The investigation was based on histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression analysis. The vascular area was greater in the HA/ES group on days 30 and 60. Tissue mineralization was greater in the HA, HA/ES, and TCP groups at day 30, and TCP/ES at day 60. Bmp-2 gene expression was higher in the HA, TCP, and TCP/ES groups at day 30, and in the TCP/ES and PCL/ES groups at day 60. Runx-2, Osterix, and Osteopontin gene expression were also higher in the TCP/ES group at day 60. These results suggest that scaffolds printed with PCL and TCP, when paired with electrical therapy application, improve bone regeneration.
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Heydari L, Lietor PF, Corpas-Iglesias FA, Laguna OH. Ti(C,N) and WC-Based Cermets: A Review of Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6786. [PMID: 34832186 PMCID: PMC8620695 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of cermets has shown significant growth in the industry due to their interesting features that combine properties of metals and ceramics, and there are different possible types of cermets, depending on their composition. This review focuses on cemented tungsten carbides (WC), and tungsten carbonitrides (WCN), and it is intended to analyze the relationship between chemical composition and processing techniques of these materials, which results in their particular microstructural and mechanical properties. Moreover, the use of cermets as a printing material in additive manufacturing or 3D printing processes has recently emerged as one of the scenarios with the greatest projection, considering that they manufacture parts with greater versatility, lower manufacturing costs, lower raw material expenditure and with advanced designs. Therefore, this review compiled and analyzed scientific papers devoted to the synthesis, properties and uses of cermets of TiC and WC in additive manufacturing processes reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Heydari
- Higher Polytechnic School of Linares, University of Jaén, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 23700 Linares, Jaén, Spain; (P.F.L.); (F.A.C.-I.); (O.H.L.)
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7
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Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226763. [PMID: 34832165 PMCID: PMC8619049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
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8
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Garot C, Bettega G, Picart C. Additive Manufacturing of Material Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration: Toward Application in the Clinics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2006967. [PMID: 33531885 PMCID: PMC7116655 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202006967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) allows the fabrication of customized bone scaffolds in terms of shape, pore size, material type and mechanical properties. Combined with the possibility to obtain a precise 3D image of the bone defects using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, it is now possible to manufacture implants for patient-specific bone regeneration. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the different materials and AM techniques used for the fabrication of 3D-printed scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering. Their advantages and drawbacks are highlighted. For materials, specific criteria, were extracted from a literature study: biomimetism to native bone, mechanical properties, biodegradability, ability to be imaged (implantation and follow-up period), histological performances and sterilization process. AM techniques can be classified in three major categories: extrusion-based, powder-based and liquid-base. Their price, ease of use and space requirement are analyzed. Different combinations of materials/AM techniques appear to be the most relevant depending on the targeted clinical applications (implantation site, presence of mechanical constraints, temporary or permanent implant). Finally, some barriers impeding the translation to human clinics are identified, notably the sterilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Garot
- CEA, Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ERL 5000, IRIG Institute, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Georges Bettega
- Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy-Genevois, 1 avenue de l’hôpital, F-74370 Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CEA, Université de Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, ERL 5000, IRIG Institute, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR 5628, LMGP, 3 parvis Louis Néel F-38016 Grenoble, France
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Yuan B, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Zhou S, Sun Y, Chen X. In Vitro and In Vivo Study of a Novel Nanoscale Demineralized Bone Matrix Coated PCL/β-TCP Scaffold for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000336. [PMID: 33346401 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects remains a challenge for surgeons. Bone graft scaffold can fill the defect and enhance the bone regeneration. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is an allogeneic bone graft substitute, which can only be used as a filling material rather than a structural bone graft. Coating of the scaffolds with nanoscale DBM may enhance the osteoinductivity or osteoconductivity. Herein the lyophilization method is presented to coat the nano-DBM on surface of the porous polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technology. The morphology, elastic modulus, in vitro cell biocompatibility, and in vivo performance are investigated. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) shows DBM particle clusters with size of 200-500 nm are observed on scaffolds fibers after coating. MC3T3-E1 cells on nano-DBM coated PCL/β-TCP scaffold show better activity than on PCL/β-TCP scaffold. In vivo tests show better infiltration of new bone tissue in nano-DBM coated PCL/β-TCP scaffold than PCL/β-TCP scaffold via the interface. These results show the presence of nano-DBM coating on PCL/β-TCP scaffold could enhance the attachment, proliferation, and viability of cells and benefit for the new bone formation surrounding and deep inside the scaffolds. Nano-DBM could potentially be used as a new kind of biomaterial for bone defect treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
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10
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Han X, Gao Y, Ding Y, Wang W, Liu L, Zhao A, Yang P. In vitro performance of 3D printed PCL -β-TCP degradable spinal fusion cage. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:1304-1314. [PMID: 33287645 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220978492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal fusion cages are commonly used to treat spinal diseases caused by degenerative changes, deformities, and trauma. At present, most of the main clinical spinal fusion cage products are non-degradable and still cause some undesirable side effects, such as the stress shielding phenomenon, interference with postoperative medical imaging, and obvious foreign body sensation in patients. Degradable spinal fusion cages have promising potential with extensive perspectives. The purpose of this study was to fabricate a degradable spinal fusion cage from both polycaprolactone (PCL) and high-proportion beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), using the highly personalised, accurate, and rapid fused deposition modelling 3 D printing technology. PCL and β-TCP were mixed in three different ratios (60:40, 55:45, and 50:50). Both in vitro degradation and cell experiments proved that all cages with the different PCL:β-TCP ratios met the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone while maintaining their structural integrity. The biological activity of the cages improved with higher amounts of the β-TCP content. This study also showed that a spinal fusion cage with high β-TCP content and suitable mechanical properties can be manufactured using extruding rods and appropriate models, providing a new solution for the design of degradable spinal fusion cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yilei Ding
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, PR China
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11
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Chen Y, Li W, Zhang C, Wu Z, Liu J. Recent Developments of Biomaterials for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000724. [PMID: 32743960 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed surging demand for bone repair/regeneration implants due to the increasing number of bone defects caused by trauma, cancer, infection, and arthritis worldwide. In addition to bone autografts and allografts, biomaterial substitutes have been widely used in clinical practice. Personalized implants with precise and personalized control of shape, porosity, composition, surface chemistry, and mechanical properties will greatly facilitate the regeneration of bone tissue and satiate the clinical needs. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, also known as 3D printing, are drawing fast growing attention in the fabrication of implants or scaffolding materials due to their capability of manufacturing complex and irregularly shaped scaffolds in repairing bone defects in clinical practice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in the development of materials and techniques used in the additive manufacturing of bone scaffolds. In addition, clinical application, pre-clinical trials and future prospects of AM based bone implants are also summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Weilin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoying Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
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Zeng H, Pathak JL, Shi Y, Ran J, Liang L, Yan Q, Wu T, Fan Q, Li M, Bai Y. Indirect selective laser sintering-printed microporous biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold promotes endogenous bone regeneration via activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Biofabrication 2020; 12:025032. [PMID: 32084655 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab78ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication technique determines the physicochemical and biological properties of scaffolds, including the porosity, mechanical strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regenerative potential. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)-based scaffolds are superior in bone tissue engineering due to their suitable physicochemical and biological properties. We developed an indirect selective laser sintering (SLS) printing strategy to fabricate 3D microporous BCP scaffolds for bone tissue engineering purposes. The green part of the BCP scaffold was fabricated by SLS at a relevant low temperature in the presence of epoxy resin (EP), and the remaining EP was decomposed and eliminated by a subsequent sintering process to obtain the microporous BCP scaffolds. Physicochemical properties, cell adhesion, biocompatibility, in vitro osteogenic potential, and rabbit critical-size cranial bone defect healing potential of the scaffolds were extensively evaluated. This indirect SLS printing eliminated the drawbacks of conventional direct SLS printing at high working temperatures, i.e. wavy deformation of the scaffold, hydroxyapatite decomposition, and conversion of β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) to α-TCP. Among the scaffolds printed with various binder ratios (by weight) of BCP and EP, the scaffold with 50/50 binder ratio (S4) showed the highest mechanical strength and porosity with the smallest pore size. Scaffold S4 showed the highest effect on osteogenic differentiation of precursor cells in vitro, and this effect was ERK1/2 signaling-dependent. Scaffold S4 robustly promoted precursor cell homing, endogenous bone regeneration, and vascularization in rabbit critical-size cranial defects. In conclusion, BCP scaffolds fabricated by indirect SLS printing maintain the physicochemical properties of BCP and possess the capacity to recruit host precursor cells to the defect site and promote endogenous bone regeneration possibly via the activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
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13
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Smith BT, Bittner SM, Watson E, Smoak MM, Diaz-Gomez L, Molina ER, Kim YS, Hudgins CD, Melchiorri AJ, Scott DW, Grande-Allen KJ, Yoo JJ, Atala A, Fisher JP, Mikos AG. Multimaterial Dual Gradient Three-Dimensional Printing for Osteogenic Differentiation and Spatial Segregation. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:239-252. [PMID: 31696784 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study of three-dimensional (3D) printed composite β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-/hydroxyapatite/poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based constructs, the effects of vertical compositional ceramic gradients and architectural porosity gradients on the osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were investigated. Specifically, three different concentrations of β-TCP (0, 10, and 20 wt%) and three different porosities (33% ± 4%, 50% ± 4%, and 65% ± 3%) were examined to elucidate the contributions of chemical and physical gradients on the biochemical behavior of MSCs and the mineralized matrix production within a 3D culture system. By delaminating the constructs at the gradient transition point, the spatial separation of cellular phenotypes could be specifically evaluated for each construct section. Results indicated that increased concentrations of β-TCP resulted in upregulation of osteogenic markers, including alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix development. Furthermore, MSCs located within regions of higher porosity displayed a more mature osteogenic phenotype compared to MSCs in lower porosity regions. These results demonstrate that 3D printing can be leveraged to create multiphasic gradient constructs to precisely direct the development and function of MSCs, leading to a phenotypic gradient. Impact Statement In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printed ceramic/polymeric constructs containing discrete vertical gradients of both composition and porosity were fabricated to precisely control the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. By making simple alterations in construct architecture and composition, constructs containing heterogenous populations of cells were generated, where gradients in scaffold design led to corresponding gradients in cellular phenotype. The study demonstrates that 3D printed multiphasic composite constructs can be leveraged to create complex heterogeneous tissues and interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Bittner
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Emma Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mollie M Smoak
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric R Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu Seon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Carrigan D Hudgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony J Melchiorri
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
| | - David W Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - James J Yoo
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - John P Fisher
- NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,Biomaterials Lab, Rice University, Houston, Texas.,NIH/NIBIB Center for Engineering Complex Tissues, Houston, Texas
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14
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Fan D, Staufer U, Accardo A. Engineered 3D Polymer and Hydrogel Microenvironments for Cell Culture Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E113. [PMID: 31847117 PMCID: PMC6955903 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The realization of biomimetic microenvironments for cell biology applications such as organ-on-chip, in vitro drug screening, and tissue engineering is one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of bioengineering. The continuous evolution of additive manufacturing techniques provides the tools to engineer these architectures at different scales. Moreover, it is now possible to tailor their biomechanical and topological properties while taking inspiration from the characteristics of the extracellular matrix, the three-dimensional scaffold in which cells proliferate, migrate, and differentiate. In such context, there is therefore a continuous quest for synthetic and nature-derived composite materials that must hold biocompatible, biodegradable, bioactive features and also be compatible with the envisioned fabrication strategy. The structure of the current review is intended to provide to both micro-engineers and cell biologists a comparative overview of the characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of the major 3D printing techniques, the most promising biomaterials candidates, and the trade-offs that must be considered in order to replicate the properties of natural microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands; (D.F.); (U.S.)
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15
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Liao W, Xu L, Wangrao K, Du Y, Xiong Q, Yao Y. Three-dimensional printing with biomaterials in craniofacial and dental tissue engineering. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7271. [PMID: 31328038 PMCID: PMC6622164 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of technology, tissue engineering (TE) has been widely applied in the medical field. In recent years, due to its accuracy and the demands of solid freeform fabrication in TE, three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing (AM), has been applied for biological scaffold fabrication in craniofacial and dental regeneration. In this review, we have compared several types of AM techniques and summarized their advantages and limitations. The range of printable materials used in craniofacial and dental tissue includes all the biomaterials. Thus, basic and clinical studies were discussed in this review to present the application of AM techniques in craniofacial and dental tissue and their advances during these years, which might provide information for further AM studies in craniofacial and dental TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaijuan Wangrao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuchan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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17
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Diermann SH, Lu M, Dargusch M, Grøndahl L, Huang H. Akermanite reinforced PHBV scaffolds manufactured using selective laser sintering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 107:2596-2610. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven H. Diermann
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Mingyuan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Queensland Queensland Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Han Huang
- School of Mechanical and Mining EngineeringThe University of Queensland Queensland Australia
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18
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Park JH, Jung SY, Lee CK, Ban MJ, Lee SJ, Kim HY, Oh HJ, Kim BK, Park HS, Jang SH, Kim HS. A 3D-printed polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate mandibular prosthesis: A pilot animal study. Laryngoscope 2019; 130:358-366. [PMID: 30861134 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cell (TMSC)-transplanted polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate prosthesis (specifically designed for easier fixing and grafting with a single scaffold) on rabbit mandible osteogenesis. METHODS The mandibles of 18 rabbits were exposed, and 10 × 8-mm bone defects were made. Two rabbits did not receive implants; four were reconstructed with the scaffold control (SC) (SC group); four were reconstructed with scaffolds soaked in peripheral blood (PB) (PB group); four were reconstructed with TMSC-transplanted scaffolds (TMSC group); and four were reconstructed with differentiated osteocyte-transplanted scaffolds (DOC) (DOC group). Each rabbit was sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery, and the area of new bone formation was investigated by mechanical testing, histology, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS More extended and denser new bone masses were observed in the TMSC and DOC groups, although fibrosis and vascular formation levels were similar in all groups, suggesting that the dual-structured scaffold alone provides a good environment for bone attachment and regeneration. The bone volumes of representative scaffolds from the SC, PB, TMSC, and DOC groups were 43.12, 48.35, 53.10, and 57.44% of the total volumes, respectively. CONCLUSION The design of the scaffold resulted in effective osteogenesis, and TMSCs showed osteogenic potency, indicating that their combination could enable effective bone regeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:358-366, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chuncheon
| | - Soo Yeon Jung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
| | - Chi-Kyou Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chuncheon
| | - Myung Jin Ban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chuncheon
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
| | - Ha Yeong Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul.,Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul
| | | | - Byeong Kook Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sang Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon
| | - Si-Hyong Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , Soonchunhyang University, Chuncheon
| | - Han Su Kim
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A
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19
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Design of Additively Manufactured Structures for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the Additive Manufacturing Processes Applied to the Biomedical Sector. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:9748212. [PMID: 30992744 PMCID: PMC6434267 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9748212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a disruptive technology as it pushes the frontier of manufacturing towards a new design perspective, such as the ability to shape geometries that cannot be formed with any other traditional technique. AM has today shown successful applications in several fields such as the biomedical sector in which it provides a relatively fast and effective way to solve even complex medical cases. From this point of view, the purpose of this paper is to illustrate AM technologies currently used in the medical field and their benefits along with contemporary. The review highlights differences in processes, materials, and design of additive manufacturing techniques used in biomedical applications. Successful case studies are presented to emphasise the potentiality of AM processes. The presented review supports improvements in materials and design for future researches in biomedical surgeries using instruments and implants made by AM.
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20
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Maruyama M, Nabeshima A, Pan CC, Behn AW, Thio T, Lin T, Pajarinen J, Kawai T, Takagi M, Goodman SB, Yang YP. The effects of a functionally-graded scaffold and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on steroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis. Biomaterials 2018; 187:39-46. [PMID: 30292940 PMCID: PMC6193256 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that may progress to femoral head collapse and subsequently, degenerative arthritis. Although injection of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMMCs) is often performed with core decompression (CD) in the early stage of ONFH, these treatments are not always effective in prevention of disease progression and femoral head collapse. We previously described a novel 3D printed, customized functionally-graded scaffold (FGS) that improved bone growth in the femoral head after CD in a normal healthy rabbit, by providing structural and mechanical guidance. The present study demonstrates similar results of the FGS in a rabbit steroid-induced osteonecrosis model. Furthermore, the injection of BMMCs into the CD decreased the osteonecrotic area in the femoral head. Thus, the combination of FGS and BMMC provides a new therapy modality that may improve the outcome of CD for early stage of ONFH by providing both enhanced biological and biomechanical cues to promote bone regeneration in the osteonecrotic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Maruyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony W Behn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Thio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Kawai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Takagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Yunzhi Peter Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Spalthoff S, Zimmerer R, Dittmann J, Korn P, Gellrich NC, Jehn P. Scapula pre-augmentation in sheep with polycaprolactone tricalcium phosphate scaffolds. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2018; 120:116-121. [PMID: 30718212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A scapula free flap is a commonly used method to reconstruct intraoral defects of the mandible and maxilla. Despite its clear advantages, it shows some deficiencies concerning the amount and shape of the available bone, especially with respect to later implant placement. To overcome these limitations, we pre-augmented the scapula prior to a potential flap-raising procedure with polycaprolactone (PCL) tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds in a sheep model. In our study, the scapula angle was augmented with a block of PCL-TCP in three adult sheep. After 6 months, the amount of newly formed bone and scaffold degradation were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography scans and histomorphometric analysis. All animals survived the study and showed no problems in the augmented regions. The scaffolds were attached firmly to the scapula and showed a bonelike consistency. A fair amount of the scaffold material was degraded and replaced by vital bone. Our method seems to be a valid approach to pre-augment the scapula in sheep. In further experiments, it will be interesting to determine whether it is possible to transplant a modified scapula flap to an intraoral defect site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Spalthoff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - R Zimmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Dittmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Korn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - N-C Gellrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - P Jehn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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22
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Rider P, Kačarević ŽP, Alkildani S, Retnasingh S, Schnettler R, Barbeck M. Additive Manufacturing for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Perspective for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3308. [PMID: 30355988 PMCID: PMC6274711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become an important tool in the field of tissue engineering and its further development will lead to completely new clinical possibilities. The ability to create tissue scaffolds with controllable characteristics, such as internal architecture, porosity, and interconnectivity make it highly desirable in comparison to conventional techniques, which lack a defined structure and repeatability between scaffolds. Furthermore, 3D printing allows for the production of scaffolds with patient-specific dimensions using computer-aided design. The availability of commercially available 3D printed permanent implants is on the rise; however, there are yet to be any commercially available biodegradable/bioresorbable devices. This review will compare the main 3D printing techniques of: stereolithography; selective laser sintering; powder bed inkjet printing and extrusion printing; for the fabrication of biodegradable/bioresorbable bone tissue scaffolds; and, discuss their potential for dental applications, specifically augmentation of the alveolar ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rider
- Botiss Biomaterials GmbH, Hauptstr. 28, 15806 Zossen, Germany.
| | - Željka Perić Kačarević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek 31000, Croatia.
| | - Said Alkildani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, German-Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan.
| | - Sujith Retnasingh
- Institutes for Environmental Toxicology, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg and Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Anhalt University of Applied Science, 06366 Köthen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Wang J, Lin C, Gao X, Zheng Z, Lv M, Sun J, Zhang Z. The enhanced osteogenesis and osteointegration of 3-DP PCL scaffolds via structural and functional optimization using collagen networks. RSC Adv 2018; 8:32304-32316. [PMID: 35547520 PMCID: PMC9086255 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05615c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal balance between biological activity and mechanical stability should be meticulously considered during scaffold design for bone tissue engineering applications. To fabricate an individualized construct with biomechanical and biological functionality for bone tissue regeneration, a polycaprolactone–collagen (PCL–COL) composite construct was developed through the combination of three-dimensional printing (3-DP) technology and biomimetic collagen matrix incorporation, with a 3-DP PCL framework maintaining the mechanical stability and a porous collagen matrix improving the biological activity. The results indicate that the compressive modulus of the composite constructs increased synergistically (over 40 MPa), providing sufficient mechanical support during new bone formation. On the other hand, the collagen matrix with a micro-porous architecture structurally increased scaffold areas and provided cellular adhesion sites, allowing for the functional construction of a favorable 3D microenvironment for BMSC adhesion, proliferation and extracellular matrix production. Moreover, critical-sized long bone defect (CSD) implantation demonstrated that the optimized composite constructs could promote bone tissue regeneration (5.5-fold) and bone-material osteointegration (4.7-fold), and decrease fibrosis encapsulation, compared to pristine PCL. The results indicate that these biomimetically ornamented PCL–COL constructs exhibit favorable mechanical properties and biological functionality, demonstrating great potential as an effective bone graft substitute for bone defect treatment. Meanwhile, they can also harness the advantages of 3-DP technology and a collagen-based functionalized strategy, facilitating the creation of customized and functional PCL–COL constructs for clinical translation. Optimal balance between biological activity and mechanical stability should be meticulously considered during scaffold design for bone tissue engineering applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- College of Stomatology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Chucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200050
- PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Oral Implantology
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital
- Fu Dan University
- Shanghai 200001
- PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- College of Stomatology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Mimgming Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- College of Stomatology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
- College of Stomatology
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200011
- PR China
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24
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Sharma A, Molla MDS, Katti KS, Katti DR. Multiscale Models of Degradation and Healing of Bone Tissue Engineering Nanocomposite Scaffolds. JOURNAL OF NANOMECHANICS AND MICROMECHANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)nm.2153-5477.0000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Zhang D, Wu X, Chen J, Lin K. The development of collagen based composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2017; 3:129-138. [PMID: 29744450 PMCID: PMC5935759 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is consisted of bone matrix, cells and bioactive factors, and bone matrix is the combination of inorganic minerals and organic polymers. Type I collagen fibril made of five triple-helical collagen chains is the main organic polymer in bone matrix. It plays an important role in the bone formation and remodeling process. Moreover, collagen is one of the most commonly used scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the low mechanical strength and osteoinductivity of collagen limit its wider applications in bone regeneration field. By incorporating different biomaterials, the properties such as porosity, structural stability, osteoinductivity, osteogenicity of collagen matrixes can be largely improved. This review summarizes and categorizes different kinds of biomaterials including bioceramic, carbon and polymer materials used as components to fabricate collagen based composite scaffolds for bone regeneration. Moreover, the possible directions of future research and development in this field are also proposed. Materials to incorporate collagen scaffolds for bone regeneration are summarized. Bioceramics, carbon and polymer materials can increase the mechanical properties and osteogenesis. The limitation of collagen based materials is analyzed and the prospects of future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Zhang
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
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Pobloth AM, Schell H, Petersen A, Beierlein K, Kleber C, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN. Tubular open-porous β-tricalcium phosphate polycaprolactone scaffolds as guiding structure for segmental bone defect regeneration in a novel sheep model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:897-911. [PMID: 28485078 DOI: 10.1002/term.2446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large segmental bone defect reconstruction with sufficient functional restoration is one of the most demanding challenges in orthopaedic surgery. Available regenerative treatment options, as the vascularized bone graft transfer, the Masquelet technique or the Ilizarov distraction osteogenesis, are associated with specific indications and distinct limitations. As an alternative, a hollow cylindrical ceramic-polymer composite scaffold (β-tricalcium phosphate and poly-lactid co-ε- caprolactone), facilitating a strong surface guiding effect for tissue ingrowth (group 1; n = 6) was investigated here. In combination with an additional autologous, cancellous bone graft filling, the scaffold's ability to work as an open-porous membrane to improve the defect healing process was analysed (group 2; n = 6). A novel model of a critical size (40 mm) tibia osteotomy defect stabilized with an external hybrid-ring fixator, was established in sheep. Segmental defect regeneration and tissue organization in relation to the scaffold were analysed radiologically, (immune-) histologically, and with second-harmonic generation imaging 12 weeks after surgery. The scaffold's tubular shape and open-porous structure controlled the collagen fibre orientation within the bone defect and guided the following mineralization process along the scaffold surface. In combination with the osteoinductive stimulus, a unilateral bony bridging of the critically sized defect was achieved in one third of the animals. The external hybrid-ring fixator was appropriate for large segmental defect stabilization in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Pobloth
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schell
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ansgar Petersen
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katleen Beierlein
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kleber
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Hajiali F, Tajbakhsh S, Shojaei A. Fabrication and Properties of Polycaprolactone Composites Containing Calcium Phosphate-Based Ceramics and Bioactive Glasses in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Review. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1332640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Hajiali
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Tajbakhsh
- College of Chemical Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Shojaei
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Du Y, Liu H, Yang Q, Wang S, Wang J, Ma J, Noh I, Mikos AG, Zhang S. Selective laser sintering scaffold with hierarchical architecture and gradient composition for osteochondral repair in rabbits. Biomaterials 2017; 137:37-48. [PMID: 28528301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral defects cannot be adequately self-repaired due to the presence of the sophisticated hierarchical structure and the lack of blood supply in cartilage. Thus, one of the major challenges remaining in this field is the structural design of a biomimetic scaffold that satisfies the specific requirements for osteochondral repair. To address this hurdle, a bio-inspired multilayer osteochondral scaffold that consisted of the poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and the hydroxyapatite (HA)/PCL microspheres, was constructed via selective laser sintering (SLS) technique. The SLS-derived scaffolds exhibited an excellent biocompatibility to support cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro. The repair effect was evaluated by implanting the acellular multilayer scaffolds into osteochondral defects of a rabbit model. Our findings demonstrated that the multilayer scaffolds were able to induce articular cartilage formation by accelerating the early subchondral bone regeneration, and the newly formed tissues could well integrate with the native tissues. Consequently, the current study not only achieves osteochondral repair, but also suggests a promising strategy for the fabrication of bio-inspired multilayer scaffolds with well-designed architecture and gradient composition via SLS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Du
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Haoming Liu
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qin Yang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jianglin Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jun Ma
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Insup Noh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, P.O. Box 1892, MS-142, Houston, TX 77251-1892, USA.
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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29
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Arahira T, Maruta M, Matsuya S. Characterization and in vitro evaluation of biphasic α-tricalcium phosphate/β-tricalcium phosphate cement. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:478-484. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Youssef A, Hollister SJ, Dalton PD. Additive manufacturing of polymer melts for implantable medical devices and scaffolds. Biofabrication 2017; 9:012002. [DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa5766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Nyberg EL, Farris AL, Hung BP, Dias M, Garcia JR, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. 3D-Printing Technologies for Craniofacial Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, and Regeneration. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:45-57. [PMID: 27295184 PMCID: PMC5154778 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1668-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of craniofacial defects can present many challenges due to the variety of tissue-specific requirements and the complexity of anatomical structures in that region. 3D-printing technologies provide clinicians, engineers and scientists with the ability to create patient-specific solutions for craniofacial defects. Currently, there are three key strategies that utilize these technologies to restore both appearance and function to patients: rehabilitation, reconstruction and regeneration. In rehabilitation, 3D-printing can be used to create prostheses to replace or cover damaged tissues. Reconstruction, through plastic surgery, can also leverage 3D-printing technologies to create custom cutting guides, fixation devices, practice models and implanted medical devices to improve patient outcomes. Regeneration of tissue attempts to replace defects with biological materials. 3D-printing can be used to create either scaffolds or living, cellular constructs to signal tissue-forming cells to regenerate defect regions. By integrating these three approaches, 3D-printing technologies afford the opportunity to develop personalized treatment plans and design-driven manufacturing solutions to improve aesthetic and functional outcomes for patients with craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Nyberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ashley L Farris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Miguel Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Juan R Garcia
- Department of Art as Applied to Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N. Broadway, Smith 5023, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
- Department of Material Sciences & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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32
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Arahira T, Todo M. Variation of mechanical behavior of β-TCP/collagen two phase composite scaffold with mesenchymal stem cell in vitro. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 61:464-474. [PMID: 27124803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to characterize the variational behavior of the compressive mechanical property of bioceramic-based scaffolds using stem cells during the cell culture period. β-Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/collagen two phase composites and β-TCP scaffolds were fabricated using the polyurethane template technique and a subsequent freeze-drying method. Rat bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were then cultured in these scaffolds for up to 28 days. Compression tests of the scaffolds with rMSCs were periodically conducted. Biological properties, such as the cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expressions of osteogenesis, were evaluated. The microstructural change due to cell growth and the formation of extracellular matrices was examined using a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The compressive property was then correlated with the biological properties and microstructures to understand the mechanism of the variational behavior of the macroscopic mechanical property. The porous collagen structure in the β-TCP scaffold effectively improved the structural stability of the composite scaffold, whereas the β-TCP scaffold exhibited structural instability with the collapse of the porous structure when immersed in a culture medium. The β-TCP/collagen composite scaffold exhibited higher ALP activity and more active generation of osteoblastic markers than the β-TCP scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Arahira
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan; Section of Bioengineering, Department of Dental Engineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan.
| | - Mitsugu Todo
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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33
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Sukul M, Min YK, Lee SY, Lee BT. Osteogenic potential of simvastatin loaded gelatin-nanofibrillar cellulose-β tricalcium phosphate hydrogel scaffold in critical-sized rat calvarial defect. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Palma M, Hardy JG, Tadayyon G, Farsari M, Wind SJ, Biggs MJ. Advances in Functional Assemblies for Regenerative Medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2500-19. [PMID: 26767738 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to synthesise bioresponsive systems and selectively active biochemistries using polymer-based materials with supramolecular features has led to a surge in research interest directed towards their development as next generation biomaterials for drug delivery, medical device design and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry School of Biological and Chemical Sciences; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry; Materials Science Institute; Lancaster University; Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
| | - Ghazal Tadayyon
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); National University of Ireland Galway; Newcastle Road Dangan Ireland
| | - Maria Farsari
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser; Crete Greece
| | | | - Manus J. Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM); National University of Ireland Galway; Newcastle Road Dangan Ireland
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35
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Du Y, Liu H, Shuang J, Wang J, Ma J, Zhang S. Microsphere-based selective laser sintering for building macroporous bone scaffolds with controlled microstructure and excellent biocompatibility. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Morrison RJ, Kashlan KN, Flanangan CL, Wright JK, Green GE, Hollister SJ, Weatherwax KJ. Regulatory Considerations in the Design and Manufacturing of Implantable 3D-Printed Medical Devices. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:594-600. [PMID: 26243449 PMCID: PMC4626249 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, technology has rapidly penetrated the medical device industry over the past several years, and innovative groups have harnessed it to create devices with unique composition, structure, and customizability. These distinctive capabilities afforded by 3D printing have introduced new regulatory challenges. The customizability of 3D-printed devices introduces new complexities when drafting a design control model for FDA consideration of market approval. The customizability and unique build processes of 3D-printed medical devices pose unique challenges in meeting regulatory standards related to the manufacturing quality assurance. Consistent material powder properties and optimal printing parameters such as build orientation and laser power must be addressed and communicated to the FDA to ensure a quality build. Postprinting considerations unique to 3D-printed devices, such as cleaning, finishing and sterilization are also discussed. In this manuscript we illustrate how such regulatory hurdles can be navigated by discussing our experience with our group's 3D-printed bioresorbable implantable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Morrison
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Khaled N. Kashlan
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | | | - Jeanne K. Wright
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health ResearchIND/IDE Investigator Assistance ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Glenn E. Green
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head & Neck SurgeryDivision of Pediatric OtolaryngologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Scott J. Hollister
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kevin J. Weatherwax
- Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health ResearchIND/IDE Investigator Assistance ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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37
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Knutsen AR, Borkowski SL, Ebramzadeh E, Flanagan CL, Hollister SJ, Sangiorgio SN. Static and dynamic fatigue behavior of topology designed and conventional 3D printed bioresorbable PCL cervical interbody fusion devices. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 49:332-42. [PMID: 26072198 PMCID: PMC4490041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, as an alternative to metal spinal fusion cages, 3D printed bioresorbable materials have been explored; however, the static and fatigue properties of these novel cages are not well known. Unfortunately, current ASTM testing standards used to determine these properties were designed prior to the advent of bioresorbable materials for cages. Therefore, the applicability of these standards for bioresorbable materials is unknown. In this study, an image-based topology and a conventional 3D printed bioresorbable poly(ε)-caprolactone (PCL) cervical cage design were tested in compression, compression-shear, and torsion, to establish their static and fatigue properties. Difficulties were in fact identified in establishing failure criteria and in particular determining compressive failure load. Given these limitations, under static loads, both designs withstood loads of over 650 N in compression, 395 N in compression-shear, and 0.25 Nm in torsion, prior to yielding. Under dynamic testing, both designs withstood 5 million (5M) cycles of compression at 125% of their respective yield forces. Geometry significantly affected both the static and fatigue properties of the cages. The measured compressive yield loads fall within the reported physiological ranges; consequently, these PCL bioresorbable cages would likely require supplemental fixation. Most importantly, supplemental testing methods may be necessary beyond the current ASTM standards, to provide more accurate and reliable results, ultimately improving preclinical evaluation of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleen R Knutsen
- J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center at Orthopaedic Institute for Children, 403 W. Adams Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sean L Borkowski
- J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center at Orthopaedic Institute for Children, 403 W. Adams Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5121 Engineering V, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edward Ebramzadeh
- J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center at Orthopaedic Institute for Children, 403 W. Adams Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Orthopaedic Center, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza Suite 755, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Colleen L Flanagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1107 Carl A. Gerstacker Building, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Room 2206 GG Brown, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sophia N Sangiorgio
- J. Vernon Luck, Sr., M.D. Orthopaedic Research Center at Orthopaedic Institute for Children, 403 W. Adams Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Orthopaedic Center, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza Suite 755, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Doyle H, Lohfeld S, McHugh P. Evaluating the effect of increasing ceramic content on the mechanical properties, material microstructure and degradation of selective laser sintered polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate materials. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:767-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ryan CNM, Fuller KP, Larrañaga A, Biggs M, Bayon Y, Sarasua JR, Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. An academic, clinical and industrial update on electrospun, additive manufactured and imprinted medical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2015; 12:601-12. [DOI: 10.1586/17434440.2015.1062364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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40
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Shirazi SFS, Gharehkhani S, Mehrali M, Yarmand H, Metselaar HSC, Adib Kadri N, Osman NAA. A review on powder-based additive manufacturing for tissue engineering: selective laser sintering and inkjet 3D printing. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2015; 16:033502. [PMID: 27877783 PMCID: PMC5099820 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Since most starting materials for tissue engineering are in powder form, using powder-based additive manufacturing methods is attractive and practical. The principal point of employing additive manufacturing (AM) systems is to fabricate parts with arbitrary geometrical complexity with relatively minimal tooling cost and time. Selective laser sintering (SLS) and inkjet 3D printing (3DP) are two powerful and versatile AM techniques which are applicable to powder-based material systems. Hence, the latest state of knowledge available on the use of AM powder-based techniques in tissue engineering and their effect on mechanical and biological properties of fabricated tissues and scaffolds must be updated. Determining the effective setup of parameters, developing improved biocompatible/bioactive materials, and improving the mechanical/biological properties of laser sintered and 3D printed tissues are the three main concerns which have been investigated in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Farid Seyed Shirazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Samira Gharehkhani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mehdi Mehrali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooman Yarmand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Advanced Material Research Center, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Nahrizul Adib Kadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azuan Abu Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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41
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Computational modelling of ovine critical-sized tibial defects with implanted scaffolds and prediction of the safety of fixator removal. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 44:133-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Boerckel JD, Mason DE, McDermott AM, Alsberg E. Microcomputed tomography: approaches and applications in bioengineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:144. [PMID: 25689288 PMCID: PMC4290379 DOI: 10.1186/scrt534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcomputed tomography (microCT) has become a standard and essential tool for quantifying structure-function relationships, disease progression, and regeneration in preclinical models and has facilitated numerous scientific and bioengineering advancements over the past 30 years. In this article, we recount the early events that led to the initial development of microCT and review microCT approaches for quantitative evaluation of bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular structures, with applications in fundamental structure-function analysis, disease, tissue engineering, and numerical modeling. Finally, we address several next-generation approaches under active investigation to improve spatial resolution, acquisition time, tissue contrast, radiation dose, and functional and molecular information.
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43
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Doyle H, Lohfeld S, McDonnell P, McHugh P. Evaluation of a Multiscale Modelling Methodology to Predict the Mechanical Properties of PCL/β-TCP Sintered Scaffold Materials. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 43:1989-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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ZHONG DA, WANG CHENGGONG, YIN KE, LIAO QIANDE, ZHOU XING, LIU ANSONG, KONG LINGYU. In vivo ossification of a scaffold combining β-tricalcium phosphate and platelet-rich plasma. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1381-1388. [PMID: 25289027 PMCID: PMC4186334 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are commonly used in bone tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to investigate a composite that combined TCP with PRP and assess its effectiveness in the treatment of bone defects. Cavity-shaped bone defects were established on the tibiae of 27 beagle dogs, and were repaired by pure β-TCP with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), β-TCP/PRP with BMSCs and autogenic ilium. The samples were harvested at 4, 8 and 12 weeks, and bone regeneration was evaluated using X-ray radiography, immunocytochemical staining of osteocalcin (OCN), hematoxylin and eosin staining and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses. Biomechanical tests of the scaffolds were performed at the 12th week after scaffold implantation. When using pure β-TCP as a scaffold, the scaffold-bone interface was clear and no material adsorption and bone healing was observed. Substantial bone regeneration was observed when the tibial defects were restored using β-TCP/PRP and autogenic ilium. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of OCN, alkaline phosphatase and collagen type I α1 were significantly higher in the animals with β-TCP/PRP scaffolds at 8 and 12 weeks following implantation compared with those in the animals with the pure β-TCP scaffolds. The maximum load and compressive strength of the β-TCP/PRP scaffolds were similar to those of the autogenic ilium; however, they were significantly higher than those of the pure β-TCP scaffold. Thus, the β-TCP/PRP composite may be used as a potential scaffold to carry in vitro cultured BMSCs to treat bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- DA ZHONG
- Correspondence to: Dr Da Zhong, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China, E-mail:
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WANG CHENGGONG, ZHONG DA, ZHOU XING, YIN KE, LIAO QIANDE, KONG LINGYU, LIU ANSONG. Preparation of a new composite combining strengthened β-tricalcium phosphate with platelet-rich plasma as a potential scaffold for the repair of bone defects. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1081-1086. [PMID: 25187800 PMCID: PMC4151786 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are commonly used in bone tissue engineering. In the present study, a new composite combining strengthened β-TCP and PRP was prepared and its morphological and mechanical properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and material testing. The biocompatibility was evaluated by measuring the adhesion rate and cytotoxicity of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The strengthened β-TCP/PRP composite had an appearance like the fungus Boletus kermesinus with the PRP gel distributed on the surface of the micropores. The maximum load and load intensity were 945.6±86.4 N and 13.1±0.5 MPa, which were significantly higher than those of β-TCP (110.1±14.3 N and 1.6±0.2 MPa; P<0.05). The BMSC adhesion rate on the strengthened β-TCP/PRP composite was >96% after 24 h, with a cell cytotoxicity value of zero. SEM micrographs revealed that following seeding of BMSCs onto the composite in high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium culture for two weeks, the cells grew well and exhibited fusiform, spherical and polygonal morphologies, as well as pseudopodial connections. The strengthened β-TCP/PRP composite has the potential to be used as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering due to its effective biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - DA ZHONG
- Correspondence to: Dr Da Zhong, Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Arahira T, Todo M. Effects of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on compressive mechanical behavior of collagen/β-TCP composite scaffold. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 39:218-30. [PMID: 25146676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to characterize the effects of cell culture on the compressive mechanical behavior of the collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) composite scaffold. The composite and pure collagen scaffolds were fabricated by the solid-liquid phase separation technique and the subsequent freeze-drying method. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were then cultured in these scaffolds up to 28 days. Compression test of the scaffolds with rMSCs were conducted periodically. Biological properties such as cell number, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expressions of osteogenetic bone markers were evaluated during cell culture. The microstructural changes in the scaffolds during cell culture were also examined using a scanning electron microscope. The compressive elastic modulus was then correlated with those of the biological properties and microstructures to understand the mechanism of variational behavior of the macroscopic elastic property. The composite scaffold exhibited higher ALP activity and more active generation of osteoblastic markers than the collagen scaffold, indicating that β-TCP can activate the differentiation of rMSCs into osteoblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation such as type I collagen and the following mineralization. The variational behavior of the compressive modulus of the composite scaffold was affected by both the material degradation and the proliferation of cells and the ECM formation. In the first stage, the modulus of the composite scaffold tended to increase due to cell proliferation and the following formation of network structure. In the second stage, the modulus tended to decrease because the material degradation such as ductile deformation of collagen and decomposition of β-TCP were more effective on the property than the ECM formation. In the third stage, active calcification by formation and growth of mineralized nodules resulted in the recovery of modulus. It is concluded that the introduction of β-TCP powder into the porous collagen matrix is very effective to improve the mechanical and biological properties of collagen scaffold prepared for bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, the compressive modulus of the composite scaffold is strongly affected by the material degradation and the ECM formation by stem cells under in vitro culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Arahira
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Currently, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Todo
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Thavornyutikarn B, Chantarapanich N, Sitthiseripratip K, Thouas GA, Chen Q. Bone tissue engineering scaffolding: computer-aided scaffolding techniques. Prog Biomater 2014; 3:61-102. [PMID: 26798575 PMCID: PMC4709372 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-014-0026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is essentially a technique for imitating nature. Natural tissues consist of three components: cells, signalling systems (e.g. growth factors) and extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM forms a scaffold for its cells. Hence, the engineered tissue construct is an artificial scaffold populated with living cells and signalling molecules. A huge effort has been invested in bone tissue engineering, in which a highly porous scaffold plays a critical role in guiding bone and vascular tissue growth and regeneration in three dimensions. In the last two decades, numerous scaffolding techniques have been developed to fabricate highly interconnective, porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. This review provides an update on the progress of foaming technology of biomaterials, with a special attention being focused on computer-aided manufacturing (Andrade et al. 2002) techniques. This article starts with a brief introduction of tissue engineering (Bone tissue engineering and scaffolds) and scaffolding materials (Biomaterials used in bone tissue engineering). After a brief reviews on conventional scaffolding techniques (Conventional scaffolding techniques), a number of CAM techniques are reviewed in great detail. For each technique, the structure and mechanical integrity of fabricated scaffolds are discussed in detail. Finally, the advantaged and disadvantage of these techniques are compared (Comparison of scaffolding techniques) and summarised (Summary).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nattapon Chantarapanich
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Si Racha, Kasetsart University, 199 Sukhumvit Road, Si Racha, Chonburi 20230 Thailand
| | - Kriskrai Sitthiseripratip
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - George A. Thouas
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Qizhi Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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Løvdal A, Vange J, Nielsen LF, Almdal K. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROSPUN PCL SCAFFOLD UNDER IN VITRO AND ACCELERATED DEGRADATION CONDITIONS. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING-APPLICATIONS BASIS COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.4015/s1016237214500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Within recent years, researchers have looked into using polycaprolactone (PCL) as a synthetic biodegradable scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. This study investigated the mechanical properties of an electrospun PCL, while being exposed to physiological fluids at 37°C (in vitro conditions) with and without the influence of cell in-growth. The molecular weight and mechanical properties were monitored during the degradation. Incubation in physiological fluids for 3–16 weeks showed an improvement in mechanical properties and no reduction in molecular weight. It was also shown that cells did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of PCL after 16 weeks. The viability of the cells decreased over time, however, without influencing the mechanical properties of the scaffold. A relation between reduction in molecular weight and the mechanical properties of electrospun PCL was seen between 2–29 days in buffer (pH 12). The accelerated study showed a linear decrease in both elastic modulus and yield stress as a function of degradation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Løvdal
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Vange
- Coloplast A/S, Holtedam 1, 3050 Humlebæk, Denmark
| | | | - Kristoffer Almdal
- DTU Nanotech, Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Rentsch C, Schneiders W, Manthey S, Rentsch B, Rammelt S. Comprehensive histological evaluation of bone implants. BIOMATTER 2014; 4:27993. [PMID: 24504113 DOI: 10.4161/biom.27993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate and assess bone regeneration in sheep in combination with new implant materials classical histological staining methods as well as immunohistochemistry may provide additional information to standard radiographs or computer tomography. Available published data of bone defect regenerations in sheep often present none or sparely labeled histological images. Repeatedly, the exact location of the sample remains unclear, detail enlargements are missing and the labeling of different tissues or cells is absent. The aim of this article is to present an overview of sample preparation, staining methods and their benefits as well as a detailed histological description of bone regeneration in the sheep tibia. General histological staining methods like hematoxylin and eosin, Masson-Goldner trichrome, Movat's pentachrome and alcian blue were used to define new bone formation within a sheep tibia critical size defect containing a polycaprolactone-co-lactide (PCL) scaffold implanted for 3 months (n = 4). Special attention was drawn to describe the bone healing patterns down to cell level. Additionally one histological quantification method and immunohistochemical staining methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rentsch
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany; University Hospital and Medical Faculty; Technische Universität Dresden; Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schneiders
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany
| | - Suzanne Manthey
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany; University Hospital and Medical Faculty; Technische Universität Dresden; Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbe Rentsch
- University Hospital and Medical Faculty; Technische Universität Dresden; Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Rammelt
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery; University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden, Germany; University Hospital and Medical Faculty; Technische Universität Dresden; Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research; Dresden, Germany
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Wang X, Sang L, Wei Z, Zhai L, Wang H, Song K, Qi M. Facile preparation and cytocompatibility of poly(lactic acid)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) hybrid fibrous scaffolds. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lin Sang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Lijie Zhai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 China
| | - Hong Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian 116011 China
| | - Kedong Song
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
| | - Min Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian 116024 China
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