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Ortiz MIG, Corrales Ureña YR, Aguiar FHB, Lima DANL, Rischka K. Enzymatically Driven Mineralization of a Calcium-Polyphosphate Bleaching Gel. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:83. [PMID: 38247960 PMCID: PMC10813067 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To examined alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP) activity and the effects of incorporating it in the thickener solution of a hydrogen-peroxide-based bleaching gel containing calcium-polyphosphate (CaPP) on the orthophosphate (PO43-) levels, bleaching effectiveness, and enamel microhardness. ALP activity was assessed at different pH levels and H2O2 concentrations, and in H2O- and Tris-based thickeners. Circular dichroism (CD) was used to examine the ALP secondary structure in water-, Tris-, or H2O2-based mediums. The PO43- levels were evaluated in thickeners with and without ALP. Enamel/dentin specimens were allocated into the following groups: control (without bleaching); commercial (Whiteness-HP-Maxx); Exp-H (H2O-based); CaPP-H; ALP-H (CaPP+ALP); Exp-T (Tris-based); CaPP-T; and ALP-T (CaPP+ALP). Color changes (ΔE/ΔE00) and the bleaching index (ΔWID) were calculated, and surface (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were assessed. The two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests were used to compare ALP and PO43- levels; generalized linear models were used to examine: ΔE/ΔE00/SMH/CSMH; and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for ΔWID (α = 5%). The ALP activity was higher at pH 9, lower in H2O2-based mediums, and similar in both thickeners. The CD-spectra indicated denaturation of the enzyme upon contact with H2O2. The PO43- levels were higher after incorporating ALP, and the ΔE/ΔE00/ΔWID were comparable among bleached groups. SMH was lower after bleaching in Exp-H, while CSMH was highest in ALP-T.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yendry Regina Corrales Ureña
- Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Bremen, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology LANOTEC—National Center of High Technology CeNAT, 1.3 Km North of the United States Embassy, San José 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Piracicaba 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, 28359 Bremen, Germany
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Ortiz MIG, Dos Santos JJ, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Aguiar FHB, Rischka K, Lima DANL. Maintenance of enamel properties after bleaching with high-concentrated hydrogen-peroxide gel containing calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5275-5285. [PMID: 37646909 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assessed the physical and chemical properties of human-enamel after treatment with an experimental bleaching gel containing 35%-hydrogen peroxide (HP) and calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles (CaPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Enamel/dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 3 mm) were obtained (n = 120) and allocated to different groups: control (saliva only); experimental (HP35%); commercial (whiteness-HP-Maxx); CaPP0.5% (HP35% + CaPP0.5wt%); CaPP1.5% (HP35% + CaPP1.5wt%). Three sessions were performed. The specimens' color was assessed using a spectrophotometer and the color (ΔE/ΔE00) and bleaching index (ΔWID) determined. The surface roughness and microhardness were assessed with a roughness tester and Knoop indenter. Raman spectroscopy was performed to obtain the ratios between the areas under the 431, 580, and 1070 cm-1 and the 960 cm-1 bands (430:960, 580:960, 1070:960). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn compared the color, Ra, and SMH data. The Raman data was analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (α = 5%). RESULTS The ΔE, ΔE00, and ΔWID were similar among the bleached groups (p > 0.05). The roughness was not different between the groups (p > 0.05). After the 3rd session, CaPP0.5% had higher microhardness than the experimental (p < 0.05). The 1070:960 was higher in the experimental than in the CaPP1.5% and control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In human enamel, CaPP did not alter the bleaching effectiveness or roughness, and additionally, CaPP-containing gels increased the microhardness and preserved the mineral content when compared to the experimental without CaPP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Experimental bleaching gels containing calcium polyphosphate sub-microparticles as a mineral source reduce the mineral content alteration and superficial microhardness reduction, known potential side effects of the in-office bleaching treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariángela Ivette Guanipa Ortiz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Jarussi Dos Santos
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Pereira Rodrigues-Filho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, Group of Chemistry of Hybrid and Inorganic Materials (GQMATHI), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Klaus Rischka
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Bremen, Germany
| | - Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. BOX 52, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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de Souza Balbinot G, Leitune VCB, da Cunha Bahlis EA, Ponzoni D, Visioli F, Collares FM. Niobium-containing bioactive glasses modulate alkaline phosphatase activity during bone repair. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:1224-1231. [PMID: 36773168 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pre-clinical behavior of niobium-containing bioactive glasses (BAGNb) by their ability to promote bone repair and regulate alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in an animal model. BAGNbs were produced as powders and as scaffolds and surgically implanted in the femur of male rats (Wistar lineage n = 10). Glasses without Nb (BAG) were produced and implanted as well. The Autogenous Bone (AB) was used as a control. After 15, 30, and 60 days of surgical implantation, blood serum samples were collected to quantify ALP activity, and femurs were removed to assess bone repair. Bone samples were histologically processed and stained with H&E to quantify the % new bone into defects. No postoperative complications were identified. Early-stage repair (15 days) resulted in increased ALP activity for all groups, with increased values for powdered BAGNb. The maturation of the new bone led to a reduction in serum ALP levels. Histological sections showed the formation of immature bone tissue and vascularization with the progression of bone deposition to mature and functional tissue over time. BAG powder showed less new bone formation in 15 days, while the analysis at 30 and 60 days showed no difference between groups (p > .05). Niobium-containing bioactive glasses safely and successfully induced bone repair in vivo. The modulation of ALP activity may be a pathway to describe the ability of niobium-containing materials to contribute to new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Souza Balbinot
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Deise Ponzoni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Visioli
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Mezzomo Collares
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Park JS, Almer JD, James KC, Natanson LJ, Stock SR. Bioapatite in shark centra studied by wide-angle and by small-angle X-ray scattering. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220373. [PMID: 36128705 PMCID: PMC9490346 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of subclass Elasmobranchii possess cartilage skeletons; the centra of many species are mineralized with a bioapatite, but virtually nothing is known about the mineral's organization. This study employed high-energy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS, i.e. X-ray diffraction) to investigate the bioapatite crystallography within blocks cut from centra of four species (two carcharhiniform families, one lamniform family and 1-ID of the Advanced Photon Source). All species' crystallographic quantities closely matched and indicated a bioapatite closely related to that in bone. The centra's lattice parameters a and c were somewhat smaller and somewhat larger, respectively, than in bone. Nanocrystallite sizes (WAXS peak widths) in shark centra were larger than typical of bone, and little microstrain was observed. Compared with bone, shark centra exhibited SAXS D-period peaks with larger D magnitudes, and D-period arcs with narrower azimuthal widths. The shark mineral phase, therefore, is closely related to that in bone but does possess real differences which probably affect mechanical property and which are worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Park
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - J. D. Almer
- The Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - K. C. James
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L. J. Natanson
- (retired) Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - S. R. Stock
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, and Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Morón-Elorza P, Rojo-Solis C, Steyrer C, Álvaro-Álvarez T, Valls-Torres M, Encinas T, García-Párraga D. Hematology and Plasma Chemistry Reference Values in Nursehound Shark (Scyliorhinus Stellaris) Maintained Under Human Care. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:909834. [PMID: 35898538 PMCID: PMC9310093 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.909834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies determining baseline hematological reference intervals (RI) in elasmobranchs are very limited. In this study, blood samples were collected from 94 clinically healthy Nursehound Shark (Scyliorhinus stellaris) maintained under human care. Median (RI) in major leukocyte types were similar to other Carcharhinid sharks as lymphocytes were the predominant leukocyte with 38.0 (28.2–53.5)%, followed by coarse eosinophilic granulocytes with 20.0 (12.2–31.7)%, fine eosinophilic granulocytes with 6.0 (1.2–12.8) %, monocytes with 2.0 (0.0–6.0)%, and neutrophils with 2.0 (0.0–6.0)%. Nursehound Shark produced granulated thrombocytes, which were classified as granulocytes and represented 28.5 (12.4–39.7)% of all leukocytes. Median (RI) manual red blood cell and white blood cell counts were 177.50 (132.50–210.00) x 109 cells/l and 8.26 (5.24–14.23) x 109 cells/l, respectively. Median (RI) plasma chemistry values showed alkaline phosphatase 7.7 (4.2–13.0) U/l, aspartate aminotransferase 7.6 (3.3–17.1) U/l, blood urea nitrogen 281.6 (261.2–305.0) mmol/l, calcium 3.97 (3.59–4.47) mmol/l, total cholesterol 2.04 (1.02–3.91) mmol/l, chloride 233.0 (215.2–259.0) mmol/l, iron 3.79 (1.74–6.93) μmol/l, glucose 0.87 (0.47–1.44 mmol/l), potassium 3.8 (2.9–4.6) mmol/l, sodium 243.0 (227.7–271.0) mmol/l, phosphorus 1.58 (1.13–2.10) mmol/l, total protein 24.0 (20.0–35.0) g/l, and triglycerides 0.97 (0.49–3.35) mmol/l. Creatine kinase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were below the instrument reading range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morón-Elorza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pablo Morón-Elorza
| | - Carlos Rojo-Solis
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Álvaro-Álvarez
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Valls-Torres
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Encinas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
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Wang Y, Xianyu Y. Nanobody and Nanozyme-Enabled Immunoassays with Enhanced Specificity and Sensitivity. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101576. [PMID: 35266636 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassay as a rapid and convenient method for detecting a variety of targets has attracted tremendous interest with its high specificity and sensitivity. Among the commonly used immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been widely used as a gold standard method in various fields that consists of two main components including a recognition element and an enzyme label. With the rapid advances in nanotechnology, nanobodies and nanozymes enable immunoassays with enhanced specificity and sensitivity compared with conventional antibodies and natural enzymes. This review is focused on the applications of nanobodies and nanozymes in immunoassays. Nanobodies advantage lies in their small size, high specificity, mass expression, and high stability. Nanozymes with peroxidase, phosphatase, and oxidase activities and their applications in immunoassays are highlighted and discussed in detail. In addition, the challenges and outlooks in terms of the use of nanobodies and the development of novel nanozymes in practical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315100, China
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Morse PE, Stock MK, James KC, Natanson LJ, Stock SR. Shark centra microanatomy and mineral density variation studied with laboratory microComputed Tomography. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107831. [PMID: 34999244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Centra of shark vertebrae from three species of Lamniformes (Alopias vulpinus, Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus oxyrinchus) and three species of Carcharhiniformes (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Carcharhinus obscurus and Prionace glauca) were imaged with laboratory microcomputed Tomography (microCT) using volume element (voxel) sizes between 16 and 24 µm. Linear attenuation coefficients were the same in the corpus calcarea (hour-glass-shaped cone) and intermedialia of the lamniforms but were smaller in the intermedialia than in the corpus calcarea of the carcharhiniforms. All centra contained growth bands which were visible as small changes in linear attenuation coefficient. In all six cases, the cross-sections of the cones were close to circular, and the cone angles matched those reported in the literature. Cartilage canals were a prominent structure in the intermedialia of all species, 3D renderings of centra of C. obscurus and I. oxyrinchus diameters showed these canals ran radially outward from the cone walls, and canal diameters were consistent with the limited numerical values in the literature. Somewhat higher calcification levels around the periphery of cartilage canals and of outer surfaces of the intermedialia and corpus calcerea suggest microstructural variation exists at scale below that which can be resolved in the present data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Morse
- Dept. of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Michala K Stock
- Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology, Metropolitan State Univ. of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Formerly at Dept. of Exercise Science, High Point Univ., High Point, NC, USA.
| | - Kelsey C James
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Lisa J Natanson
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Narragansett, RI, USA.
| | - Stuart R Stock
- Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine and Simpson Querrey Inst., Northwestern Univ., Chicago IL, USA.
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Xiong Y, Su L, Ye F, Zhao S. Porous Oxyhydroxide Derived from Metal-Organic Frameworks as Efficient Triphosphatase-like Nanozyme for Chromium(III) Ion Colorimetric Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6962-6973. [PMID: 35006996 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dephosphorylation that involves the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule plays a significant role in living organisms. An enzyme mimic (nanozyme) with phosphatase-like catalytic activity has recently received attention in terms of its capacity for dephosphorylation. In this study, three types of highly porous oxyhydroxide with remarkable triphosphatase-like catalytic activities, ZrOOH, GdOOH, and HfOOH, have been prepared through the transformation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using a simple alkaline hydrolysis method. The triphosphatase mimetic activities of ZrOOH, GdOOH, and HfOOH were then thoroughly investigated and verified. In particular, an isotopic tracing experiment revealed that abundant surface hydroxyls could serve as nucleophilic agents to directly attack the electropositive phosphorus atom, causing the cleavage of the terminal phosphoester bonds of phosphoester substrate molecules. The kinetic analysis provided calculated values of Km of 105.7, 90.5, and 46.1 μM, while the Vmax values were 3.57, 4.76, and 2.74 × 10-8 M s-1 and Ea values were estimated to be 47.52, 41.15, and 52.79 kJ/mol for ZrOOH, GdOOH, and HfOOH, respectively. The chromium(III) ions acting as "poisoning" inhibitors efficiently downregulated the triphosphatase mimetic activity of GdOOH. On the basis of this effect, a colorimetric chromium(III) ion-sensing system was explored, which provided a relevant linear response range for the detection of chromium(III) ions of 5.0-200 μM and a low detection limit of 0.84 μM. This work not only shows the great potential of ZrOOH, GdOOH, and HfOOH as triphosphatase nanozymes but also deepens our understanding of the role of surface hydroxyls on phosphatase-mimicking nanozyme catalytic dephosphorization, which could be used in the rational design of phosphatase-mimicking nanozymes. Furthermore, the developed colorimetric sensing system could be applied to chromium(III) ion detection in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.,College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, P. R. China
| | - Linjing Su
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, P. R. China
| | - Fanggui Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China
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9
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Iijima M, Okumura T, Kogure T, Suzuki M. Microstructure and mineral components of the outer dentin of Chimaera phantasma tooth plates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2865-2878. [PMID: 33620142 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tooth plates are a unique dental organ found in holocephalan fishes and lungfish. The chimaeroid tooth plates are atypical in terms of biomineralization, due to the hard tissue composition of whitlockite and apatite, while those of lungfish and other vertebrates are composed of apatite. The tooth plates are overlaid by a thin veneer-outer dentin-whose composition and role are not known. We aimed to test whether the outer dentin is composed of whitlockite or apatite, and whether it protects the osteodentin from abrasion and supports its overall strength. For this purpose, the mineral components and microstructure of outer dentin were studied. Our analyses of the outer dentin from the anterior (vomerine) tooth plates of Chimaera phantasma revealed that the mineral component is magnesium- and carbonate-containing calcium-deficient apatite and that the outer dentin has a three-zone structure. The main body is sandwiched between thin zones, which are less mineralized than the main body. Furthermore, in the outer zone and the main body, a higher-order structure was formed in accordance with the organization of wide and narrow fibers. Mineralization made the main body a composite of bundles of fibers and apatite. Transmission electron microscopy showed a structural relationship between apatite and the fibrous component on which the apatite was formed. Such a structure of the main body could be highly effective as a framework to resist abrasion and support the overall strength of the tooth plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Iijima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Okumura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kogure
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Seidel R, Blumer M, Chaumel J, Amini S, Dean MN. Endoskeletal mineralization in chimaera and a comparative guide to tessellated cartilage in chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays and chimaera). J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200474. [PMID: 33050779 PMCID: PMC7653374 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An accepted uniting character of modern cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, chimaera) is the presence of a mineralized, skeletal crust, tiled by numerous minute plates called tesserae. Tesserae have, however, never been demonstrated in modern chimaera and it is debated whether the skeleton mineralizes at all. We show for the first time that tessellated cartilage was not lost in chimaera, as has been previously postulated, and is in many ways similar to that of sharks and rays. Tesserae in Chimaera monstrosa are less regular in shape and size in comparison to the general scheme of polygonal tesserae in sharks and rays, yet share several features with them. For example, Chimaera tesserae, like those of elasmobranchs, possess both intertesseral joints (unmineralized regions, where fibrous tissue links adjacent tesserae) and recurring patterns of local mineral density variation (e.g. Liesegang lines, hypermineralized ‘spokes’), reflecting periodic accretion of mineral at tesseral edges as tesserae grow. Chimaera monstrosa's tesserae, however, appear to lack the internal cell networks that characterize tesserae in elasmobranchs, indicating fundamental differences among chondrichthyan groups in how calcification is controlled. By compiling and comparing recent ultrastructure data on tesserae, we also provide a synthesized, up-to-date and comparative glossary on tessellated cartilage, as well as a perspective on the current state of research into the topic, offering benchmark context for future research into modern and extinct vertebrate skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Seidel
- B CUBE-Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technical University Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Blumer
- Medical University Innsbruck, Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Júlia Chaumel
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mason N Dean
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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Chaumel J, Schotte M, Bizzarro JJ, Zaslansky P, Fratzl P, Baum D, Dean MN. Co-aligned chondrocytes: Zonal morphological variation and structured arrangement of cell lacunae in tessellated cartilage. Bone 2020; 134:115264. [PMID: 32058019 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In most vertebrates the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton is replaced by bone during development. During this process, cartilage cells (chondrocytes) mineralize the extracellular matrix and undergo apoptosis, giving way to bone cells (osteocytes). In contrast, sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) have cartilaginous skeletons throughout life, where only the surface mineralizes, forming a layer of tiles (tesserae). Elasmobranch chondrocytes, unlike those of other vertebrates, survive cartilage mineralization and are maintained alive in spaces (lacunae) within tesserae. However, the functions of the chondrocytes in the mineralized tissue remain unknown. Applying a custom analysis workflow to high-resolution synchrotron microCT scans of tesserae, we characterize the morphologies and arrangements of stingray chondrocyte lacunae, using lacunar morphology as a proxy for chondrocyte morphology. We show that the cell density is comparable in unmineralized and mineralized tissue and that cells maintain similar volume even when they have been incorporated into tesserae. Our findings support previous hypotheses that elasmobranch chondrocytes, unlike those of other taxa, do not proliferate, hypertrophy or undergo apoptosis during mineralization. Tessera lacunae show zonal variation in their shapes, being flatter further from and more spherical closer to the unmineralized cartilage matrix, and larger in the center of tesserae. The lacunae show pronounced organization into parallel layers and strong orientation toward neighboring tesserae. Tesserae also exhibit local variation in lacunar density, with the density considerably higher near pores passing through the tesseral layer, suggesting pores and cells interact, and that pores may contain a nutrient source. We propose that the different lacunar types reflect the stages of the tesserae formation process, while also representing local variation in tissue architecture and cell function. Lacunae are linked by small passages (canaliculi) in the matrix to form elongated series at the tesseral periphery and tight clusters in the center of tesserae, creating a rich connectivity among cells. The network arrangement and the shape variation of chondrocytes in tesserae indicate that cells may interact within and between tesserae and manage mineralization differently from chondrocytes in other vertebrates, perhaps performing analogous roles to osteocytes in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Chaumel
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Merlind Schotte
- Visual Data Analysis Department, Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustrasse 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joseph J Bizzarro
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6 14197 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Daniel Baum
- Visual Data Analysis Department, Zuse Institute Berlin, Takustrasse 7, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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12
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Christ JJ, Willbold S, Blank LM. Methods for the Analysis of Polyphosphate in the Life Sciences. Anal Chem 2020; 92:4167-4176. [PMID: 32039586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is the polymer of orthophosphate and can be found in all living organisms. For polyP characterization, one or more of six parameters are of interest: the molecular structure (linear, cyclic, or branched), the concentration, the average chain length, the chain length distribution, the cellular localization, and the cation composition. Here, the merits, limitations, and critical parameters of the state-of-the-art methods for the analysis of the six parameters from the life sciences are discussed. With this contribution, we aim to lower the entry barrier into the analytics of polyP, a molecule with prominent, yet often incompletely understood, contributions to cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Johannes Christ
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology-ABBt, Worringer Weg 1, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Willbold
- Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics (ZEA-3), Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology-iAMB, Aachen Biology and Biotechnology-ABBt, Worringer Weg 1, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Mechanical properties of stingray tesserae: High-resolution correlative analysis of mineral density and indentation moduli in tessellated cartilage. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:421-435. [PMID: 31254686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal tissues are built and shaped through complex, interacting active and passive processes. These spatial and temporal variabilities make interpreting growth mechanisms from morphology difficult, particularly in bone, where the remodeling process erases and rewrites local structural records of growth throughout life. In contrast to the majority of bony vertebrates, the elasmobranch fishes (sharks, rays, and their relatives) have skeletons made of cartilage, reinforced by an outer layer of mineralized tiles (tesserae), which are believed to grow only by deposition, without remodeling. We exploit this structural permanence, performing the first fine-scale correlation of structure and material properties in an elasmobranch skeleton. Our characterization across an age series of stingray tesserae allows unique insight into the growth processes and mechanical influences shaping the skeleton. Correlated quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) and nanoindentation measurements show a positive relationship between mineral density and tissue stiffness/hardness. Although tessellated cartilage as a whole (tesserae plus unmineralized cartilage) is considerably less dense than bone, we demonstrate that tesserae have exceptional local material properties, exceeding those of (mammal) bone and calcified cartilage. We show that the finescale ultrastructures recently described in tesserae have characteristic material properties suggesting distinct mechanical roles and that regions of high mineral density/stiffness in tesserae are confined predominantly to regions expected to bear high loads. In particular, tesseral spokes (laminated structures flanking joints) exhibit particularly high mineral densities and tissue material properties, more akin to teeth than bone or calcified cartilage. We conclude that these spokes toughen tesserae and reinforce points of contact between them. These toughening and reinforcing functions are supported by finite element simulations incorporating our material data. The high stresses predicted for spokes, and evidence we provide that new spoke laminae are deposited according to their local mechanical environment, suggest tessellated cartilage is both mutable and responsive, despite lacking remodeling capability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The study of vertebrate skeletal materials is heavily biased toward mammal bone, despite evidence that bone and cartilage are extremely diverse. We broaden the perspective on vertebrate skeleton materials and evolution in an investigation of stingray tessellated cartilage, a curious type of unmineralized cartilage with a shell of mineralized tiles (tesserae). Combining high-resolution imaging and material testing, we demonstrate that tesserae have impressive local material properties for a vertebrate skeletal tissue, arguing for unique tissue organization relative to mammalian calcified cartilage and bone. Incorporating our materials data into mechanical models, we show that finescale material arrangements allow this cartilage to act as a functional and responsive alternative to bone, despite lacking bone's ability to remodel. These results are relevant to a diversity of researchers, from skeletal, developmental, and evolutionary biologists, to materials scientists interested in high-performance, low-density composites.
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14
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Progress and Applications of Polyphosphate in Bone and Cartilage Regeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5141204. [PMID: 31346519 PMCID: PMC6620837 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5141204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with bone and cartilage defects due to infection, tumors, and trauma are quite common. Repairing bone and cartilage defects is thus a major problem for clinicians. Autologous and artificial bone transplantations are associated with many challenges, such as limited materials and immune rejection. Bone and cartilage regeneration has become a popular research topic. Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a widely occurring biopolymer with high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds that exists in organisms from bacteria to mammals. Much data indicate that polyP acts as a regulator of gene expression in bone and cartilage tissues and exerts morphogenetic effects on cells involved in bone and cartilage formation. Exposure of these cells to polyP leads to the increase of cytokines that promote the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, accelerates the osteoblast mineralization process, and inhibits the differentiation of osteoclast precursors to functionally active osteoclasts. PolyP-based materials have been widely reported in in vivo and in vitro studies. This paper reviews the current cellular mechanisms and material applications of polyP in bone and cartilage regeneration.
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15
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Yao T, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Qu Y. Phosphatase-like Activity of Porous Nanorods of CeO 2 for the Highly Stabilized Dephosphorylation under Interferences. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:195-201. [PMID: 30556997 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoceria with phosphatase-like behavior shows its great potential for many important biological applications through a catalytic dephosphorylation process. Herein, we synthesize a series of porous nanorods of ceria (PN-CeO2) with the controllable surface Ce3+ fractions modulated by thermal annealing, understanding the correlations between their surface properties and reactivity for the dephosphorylation of p-nitrophenyl phosphate ( p-NPP) and investigating their catalytic performance under various interferences. Our results suggest that PN-CeO2 with abundant surface defects deliver higher catalytic activity to break down p-NPP. Most importantly, PN-CeO2 exhibited a better adaptability over a wide pH range and preserved the catalytic activity over a wide temperature range from 20 to 80 °C, if compared with natural enzymes. Moreover, PN-CeO2 delivered the high catalytic stability against various interference ions. Their great prospects for practical applications were further demonstrated by dephosphorylation of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Yao
- Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Zhimin Tian
- Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- Center for Applied Chemical Research, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
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16
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You F, Chen X, Cooper DML, Chang T, Eames BF. Homogeneous hydroxyapatite/alginate composite hydrogel promotes calcified cartilage matrix deposition with potential for three-dimensional bioprinting. Biofabrication 2018; 11:015015. [PMID: 30524110 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aaf44a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcified cartilage regeneration plays an important role in successful osteochondral repair, since it provides a biological and mechanical transition from the unmineralized cartilage at the articulating surface to the underlying mineralized bone. To biomimic native calcified cartilage in engineered constructs, here we test the hypothesis that hydroxyapatite (HAP) stimulates chondrocytes to secrete the characteristic matrix of calcified cartilage. Sodium citrate (SC) was added as a dispersant of HAP within alginate (ALG), and homogeneous dispersal of HAP within ALG hydrogel was confirmed using sedimentation tests, electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. To examine the biological performance of ALG/HAP composites, chondrocyte survival and proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and mineralization potential were evaluated in the presence or absence of the HAP phase. Chondrocytes in ALG/HAP constructs survived well and proliferated, but also expressed higher levels of calcified cartilage markers compared to controls, including Collagen type X secretion, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineral deposition. Compared to controls, ALG/HAP constructs also showed an elevated level of mineralized matrix in vivo when implanted subcutaneously in mice. The printability of ALG/HAP composite hydrogel precursors was verified by 3D printing of ALG/HAP hydrogel scaffolds with a porous structure. In summary, these results confirm the hypothesis that HAP in ALG hydrogel stimulates chondrocytes to secrete calcified matrix in vitro and in vivo and reveal that ALG/HAP composites have the potential for 3D bioprinting and osteochondral regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu You
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5A9, Canada. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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17
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Ackermann M, Tolba E, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X, Müller WEG. Biomimetic transformation of polyphosphate microparticles during restoration of damaged teeth. Dent Mater 2018; 35:244-256. [PMID: 30522697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the fusion process between amorphous microparticles of the calcium salt of the physiological polymer comprising orthophosphate units, of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), and enamel. METHODS This polymer was incorporated as an ingredient into toothpaste and the fusion process was studied by electron microscopy and by synchrotron-based X-ray tomography microscopy (SRXTM) techniques. RESULTS The data showed that toothpaste, supplemented with the amorphous Ca-polyP microparticles (aCa-polyP-MP), not only reseals tooth defects on enamel, like carious lesions, and dentin, including exposed dentinal tubules, but also has the potential to induce re-mineralization in the enamel and dentin regions. The formation of a regeneration mineralic zone on the tooth surface induced by aCa-polyP-MP was enhanced upon exposure to artificial saliva, as demonstrated by SRXTM. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed an increase in the calcium/phosphorus atomic ratio of the enamel deposits to values characteristic for the particles during the treatment with polyP applied in the toothpaste, indicating a fusion of the particles with the tooth mineral. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that toothpaste enriched with aCa-polyP-MP is a promising biomimetic material for accelerating enamel and dentin restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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18
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Long-chain polyphosphate in osteoblast matrix vesicles: Enrichment and inhibition of mineralization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1863:199-209. [PMID: 30312769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a fundamental and ubiquitous molecule in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PolyP has been found in mammalian tissues with particularly high levels of long-chain polyP in bone and cartilage where critical questions remain as to its localization and function. Here, we investigated polyP presence and function in osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and cell-derived matrix vesicles (MVs), the initial sites of bone mineral formation. METHODS PolyP was quantified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence and characterized by enzymatic methods coupled to urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to investigate polyP localization. A chicken embryo cartilage model was used to investigate the effect of polyP on mineralization. RESULTS PolyP increased in concentration as SaOS-2 cells matured and mineralized. Particularly high levels of polyP were observed in MVs. The average length of MV polyP was determined to be longer than 196 Pi residues by gel chromatography. Electron micrographs of MVs, stained by two polyP-specific staining approaches, revealed polyP localization in the vicinity of the MV membrane. Additional extracellular polyP binds to MVs and inhibits MV-induced hydroxyapatite formation. CONCLUSION PolyP is highly enriched in matrix vesicles and can inhibit apatite formation. PolyP may be hydrolysed to phosphate for further mineralization in the extracellular matrix. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PolyP is a unique yet underappreciated macromolecule which plays a critical role in extracellular mineralization in matrix vesicles.
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19
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Seidel R, Blumer M, Pechriggl EJ, Lyons K, Hall BK, Fratzl P, Weaver JC, Dean MN. Calcified cartilage or bone? Collagens in the tessellated endoskeletons of cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays). J Struct Biol 2017; 200:54-71. [PMID: 28923317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The primary skeletal tissue in elasmobranchs -sharks, rays and relatives- is cartilage, forming both embryonic and adult endoskeletons. Only the skeletal surface calcifies, exhibiting mineralized tiles (tesserae) sandwiched between a cartilage core and overlying fibrous perichondrium. These two tissues are based on different collagens (Coll II and I, respectively), fueling a long-standing debate as to whether tesserae are more like calcified cartilage or bone (Coll 1-based) in their matrix composition. We demonstrate that stingray (Urobatis halleri) tesserae are bipartite, having an upper Coll I-based 'cap' that merges into a lower Coll II-based 'body' zone, although tesserae are surrounded by cartilage. We identify a 'supratesseral' unmineralized cartilage layer, between tesserae and perichondrium, distinguished from the cartilage core in containing Coll I and X (a common marker for mammalian mineralization), in addition to Coll II. Chondrocytes within tesserae appear intact and sit in lacunae filled with Coll II-based matrix, suggesting tesserae originate in cartilage, despite comprising a diversity of collagens. Intertesseral joints are also complex in their collagenous composition, being similar to supratesseral cartilage closer to the perichondrium, but containing unidentified fibrils nearer the cartilage core. Our results indicate a unique potential for tessellated cartilage in skeletal biology research, since it lacks features believed diagnostic for vertebrate cartilage mineralization (e.g. hypertrophic and apoptotic chondrocytes), while offering morphologies amenable for investigating the regulation of complex mineralized ultrastructure and tissues patterned on multiple collagens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Seidel
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Michael Blumer
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Kady Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Hall
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax NS, Canada
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids & Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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20
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Kostanjšek R, Vittori M, Srot V, van Aken PA, Štrus J. Polyphosphate-accumulating bacterial community colonizing the calcium bodies of terrestrial isopod crustaceans Titanethes albus and Hyloniscus riparius. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3753549. [PMID: 28449118 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial isopods from the group Trichoniscidae accumulate calcium in specialized organs, known as the calcium bodies. These consist of two pairs of epithelial sacs located alongside the digestive system. These organs contain various forms of calcium and constantly present bacteria. To elucidate their origin and role, we analyzed the bacteria of the calcium bodies in the cave-dwelling isopod Titanethes albus and the epigean species Hyloniscus riparius, by microscopy, histochemistry, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, 16S rRNA analysis and in situ hybridization. The calcium bodies of both species comprise numerous and diverse bacterial communities consisting of known soil bacteria. Despite their diversity, these bacteria share the polyphosphate-accumulation ability. We present the model of phosphorous dynamics in the calcium bodies during the molting cycle and potentially beneficial utilization of the symbiotic phosphate by the host in cyclic regeneration of the cuticle. Although not fully understood, this unique symbiosis represents the first evidence of polyphosphate-accumulating bacterial symbionts in the tissue of a terrestrial animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Kostanjšek
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Srot
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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21
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Seidel R, Blumer M, Zaslansky P, Knötel D, Huber DR, Weaver JC, Fratzl P, Omelon S, Bertinetti L, Dean MN. Ultrastructural, material and crystallographic description of endophytic masses – A possible damage response in shark and ray tessellated calcified cartilage. J Struct Biol 2017; 198:5-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Bru S, Jiménez J, Canadell D, Ariño J, Clotet J. Improvement of biochemical methods of polyP quantification. MICROBIAL CELL 2016; 4:6-15. [PMID: 28357384 PMCID: PMC5354550 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.01.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is an abundant and physiologically important biomolecule
for virtually any living cell. Therefore, determination of changes in cellular
content of polyP is crucial for its functional characterization. Determination
of cellular polyP has been performed by many different methods, and the lack of
a standardized procedure is possibly responsible for the large dispersion of
results found in the relevant literature. For a relatively simple organism, such
as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this variation can be up
to 12-fold. polyP extraction and determination of free phosphate released by
enzymatic degradation of the polymer is a method quite common and relatively
straightforward for polyP determination. By using the yeast S.
cerevisiae as model, we have experimentally evaluated the different
steps in this procedure in order to identify critical issues that might explain
the disparate reported results. As the main output of this evaluation we propose
a straightforward and robust procedure that can be used as gold standard
protocol for cellular polyP purification and determination from unicellular
organisms, thus providing consistency to measurements and facilitating
inter-laboratory comparisons and biological interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bru
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Jiménez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Canadell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ariño
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Barcelona, Spain
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Bae WJ, Auh QS, Kim GT, Moon JH, Kim EC. Effects of sodium tri- and hexameta-phosphate in vitro osteoblastic differentiation in Periodontal Ligament and Osteoblasts, and in vivo bone regeneration. Differentiation 2016; 92:257-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Enzymes of yeast polyphosphate metabolism: structure, enzymology and biological roles. Biochem Soc Trans 2016; 44:234-9. [PMID: 26862210 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is found in all living organisms. The known polyP functions in eukaryotes range from osmoregulation and virulence in parasitic protozoa to modulating blood coagulation, inflammation, bone mineralization and cellular signalling in mammals. However mechanisms of regulation and even the identity of involved proteins in many cases remain obscure. Most of the insights obtained so far stem from studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we provide a short overview of the properties and functions of known yeast polyP metabolism enzymes and discuss future directions for polyP research.
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Abstract
The fluorescent dye DAPI is useful for its association with and consequent amplification of an ∼460 nm emission maximum upon binding to dsDNA. Labelling with higher DAPI concentrations is a technique used to reveal Pi polymers [polyphosphate (polyP)], with a red-shift to ∼520-550 nm fluorescence emission. DAPI-polyP emissions of ∼580 nm are also generated upon 415 nm excitation. Red-shifted DAPI emission has been associated with polyP and RNA and has more recently been reported with polyadenylic acid (polyA), specific inositol phosphates (IPs) and heparin. We find that amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) also demonstrates red-shifted DAPI emission at high DAPI concentrations. This DAPI spectral shift has been attributed to DAPI-DAPI electrostatic interactions enabled by molecules with high negative charge density that increase the local DAPI concentration and favour DAPI molecular proximity, as observed by increasing the dye/phosphate ratio. Excitation of dry DAPI (∼360 nm) confirmed a red-shifted DAPI emission. Whereas enzymatic approaches to modify substrates can help define the nature of DAPI fluorescence signals, multiple approaches beyond red-shifted DAPI excitation/emission are advised before conclusions are drawn about DAPI substrate identification.
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Lui ELH, Ao CKL, Li L, Khong ML, Tanner JA. Inorganic polyphosphate triggers upregulation of interleukin 11 in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:766-771. [PMID: 27693781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is abundant in bone but its roles in signaling and control of gene expression remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of extracellular polyP on proliferation, migration, apoptosis, gene and protein expression in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. Extracellular polyP promoted SaOS-2 cell proliferation, increased rates of migration, inhibited apoptosis and stimulated the rapid phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) directly through basic fibroblast growth factor receptor (bFGFR). cDNA microarray revealed that polyP induced significant upregulation of interleukin 11 (IL-11) at both RNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lik-Hang Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Carl Ka-Leong Ao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Lina Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Mei-Li Khong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Julian Alexander Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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27
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Seidel R, Lyons K, Blumer M, Zaslansky P, Fratzl P, Weaver JC, Dean MN. Ultrastructural and developmental features of the tessellated endoskeleton of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). J Anat 2016; 229:681-702. [PMID: 27557870 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoskeleton of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) is comprised largely of unmineralized cartilage, differing fundamentally from the bony skeletons of other vertebrates. Elasmobranch skeletons are further distinguished by a tessellated surface mineralization, a layer of minute, polygonal, mineralized tiles called tesserae. This 'tessellation' has defined the elasmobranch group for more than 400 million years, yet the limited data on development and ultrastructure of elasmobranch skeletons (e.g. how tesserae change in shape and mineral density with age) have restricted our abilities to develop hypotheses for tessellated cartilage growth. Using high-resolution, two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials and structural characterization techniques, we investigate an ontogenetic series of tessellated cartilage from round stingray Urobatis halleri, allowing us to define a series of distinct phases for skeletal mineralization and previously unrecognized features of tesseral anatomy. We show that the distinct tiled morphology of elasmobranch calcified cartilage is established early in U. halleri development, with tesserae forming first in histotroph embryos as isolated, globular islets of mineralized tissue. By the sub-adult stage, tesserae have increased in size and grown into contact with one another. The intertesseral contact results in the formation of more geometric (straight-edged) tesseral shapes and the development of two important features of tesseral anatomy, which we describe here for the first time. The first, the intertesseral joint, where neighboring tesserae abut without appreciable overlapping or interlocking, is far more complex than previously realized, comprised of a convoluted bearing surface surrounded by areas of fibrous attachment. The second, tesseral spokes, are lamellated, high-mineral density features radiating outward, like spokes on a wheel, from the center of each tessera to its joints with its neighbors, likely acting as structural reinforcements of the articulations between tesserae. As tesserae increase in size during ontogeny, spokes are lengthened via the addition of new lamellae, resulting in a visually striking mineralization pattern in the larger tesserae of older adult skeletons when viewed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in backscatter mode. Backscatter SEM also revealed that the cell lacunae in the center of larger tesserae are often filled with high mineral density material, suggesting that when intratesseral cells die, cell-regulated inhibition of mineralization is interrupted. Many of the defining ultrastructural details we describe relate to local variation in tissue mineral density and support previously proposed accretive growth mechanisms for tesserae. High-resolution micro-computed tomography data indicate that some tesseral anatomical features we describe for U. halleri are common among species of all major elasmobranch groups despite large variation in tesseral shape and size. We discuss hypotheses about how these features develop, and compare them with other vertebrate skeletal tissue types and their growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Seidel
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Kady Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Michael Blumer
- Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mason N Dean
- Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Solesio ME, Demirkhanyan L, Zakharian E, Pavlov EV. Contribution of inorganic polyphosphate towards regulation of mitochondrial free calcium. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1317-25. [PMID: 26994920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium signaling plays a key role in the regulation of multiple processes in mammalian mitochondria, from cellular bioenergetics to the induction of stress-induced cell death. While the total concentration of calcium inside the mitochondria can increase by several orders of magnitude, the concentration of bioavailable free calcium in mitochondria is maintained within the micromolar range by the mitochondrial calcium buffering system. This calcium buffering system involves the participation of inorganic phosphate. However, the mechanisms of its function are not yet understood. Specifically, it is not clear how calcium-orthophosphate interactions, which normally lead to formation of insoluble precipitates, are capable to dynamically regulate free calcium concentration. Here we test the hypothesis that inorganic polyphosphate, which is a polymerized form of orthophosphate, is capable to from soluble complexes with calcium, playing a significant role in the regulation of the mitochondrial free calcium concentration. METHODS We used confocal fluorescence microscopy to measure the relative levels of mitochondrial free calcium in cultured hepatoma cells (HepG2) with variable levels of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP). RESULTS The depletion of polyP leads to the significantly lower levels of mitochondrial free calcium concentration under conditions of pathological calcium overload. These results are coherent with previous observations showing that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) can inhibit calcium-phosphate precipitation and, thus, increase the amount of free calcium. CONCLUSIONS Inorganic polyphosphate plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial free calcium, leading to its significant increase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Inorganic polyphosphate is a previously unrecognized integral component of the mitochondrial calcium buffering system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Solesio
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, 10010 New York, NY, USA
| | - L Demirkhanyan
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, 1 Illini Drive, 61605 Peoria, IL, USA
| | - E Zakharian
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, 1 Illini Drive, 61605 Peoria, IL, USA
| | - E V Pavlov
- Department of Basic Sciences, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, 10010 New York, NY, USA.
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29
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Tolba E, Müller WEG, Abd El-Hady BM, Neufurth M, Wurm F, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X. High biocompatibility and improved osteogenic potential of amorphous calcium carbonate/vaterite. J Mater Chem B 2015; 4:376-386. [PMID: 32263204 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02228b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In human bone, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is formed as a precursor of the crystalline carbonated apatite/hydroxyapatite (HA). Here we describe that the metastable ACC phase can be stabilized by inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) that is also used as a phosphate source for the non-enzymatic carbonate/phosphate exchange during HA formation. This polymer was found to suppress the transformation of ACC into crystalline CaCO3 at a percentage of 5% [w/w] ("CCP5") with respect to CaCO3 and almost completely at 10% [w/w] ("CCP10"). Both preparations (CaCO3/polyP) are amorphous, but also contain small amounts of vaterite, as revealed by XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. They did not affect the growth/viability of SaOS-2 cells. Cell culture and Ca2+ release experiments revealed that the CaCO3 particles formed in the presence of polyP (CaCO3/polyP) are degradable and, unlike calcite, become disintegrated with time during the cell culture incubation. Again in contrast to calcite, "CCP5" and "CCP10" were found to exhibit osteogenic activity and induce the expression of alkaline phosphatase gene in SaOS-2 cells as well as in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In vivo studies in rats, using PLGA microspheres inserted in the muscles of the back of the animals, revealed that the encapsulated "CCP10" is not only biocompatible but also supports the regeneration at the implant region. We conclude that ACC containing small amounts of vaterite has osteogenic potential and offers superior properties compared to the biologically inert calcite with respect to a potential application as a scaffold material for bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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30
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Mineral homeostasis and regulation of mineralization processes in the skeletons of sharks, rays and relatives (Elasmobranchii). Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:51-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Enault S, Muñoz DN, Silva WTAF, Borday-Birraux V, Bonade M, Oulion S, Ventéo S, Marcellini S, Debiais-Thibaud M. Molecular footprinting of skeletal tissues in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and the clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis identifies conserved and derived features of vertebrate calcification. Front Genet 2015; 6:283. [PMID: 26442101 PMCID: PMC4584932 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary emergence and subsequent diversification of the vertebrate skeleton requires a comprehensive view of the diverse skeletal cell types found in distinct developmental contexts, tissues, and species. To date, our knowledge of the molecular nature of the shark calcified extracellular matrix, and its relationships with osteichthyan skeletal tissues, remain scarce. Here, based on specific combinations of expression patterns of the Col1a1, Col1a2, and Col2a1 fibrillar collagen genes, we compare the molecular footprint of endoskeletal elements from the chondrichthyan Scyliorhinus canicula and the tetrapod Xenopus tropicalis. We find that, depending on the anatomical location, Scyliorhinus skeletal calcification is associated to cell types expressing different subsets of fibrillar collagen genes, such as high levels of Col1a1 and Col1a2 in the neural arches, high levels of Col2a1 in the tesserae, or associated to a drastic Col2a1 downregulation in the centrum. We detect low Col2a1 levels in Xenopus osteoblasts, thereby revealing that the osteoblastic expression of this gene was significantly reduced in the tetrapod lineage. Finally, we uncover a striking parallel, from a molecular and histological perspective, between the vertebral cartilage calcification of both species and discuss the evolutionary origin of endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Enault
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - David N Muñoz
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Willian T A F Silva
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Borday-Birraux
- Laboratoire EGCE UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9191, IRD247, Université Paris Sud Gif-sur-Yvette, France ; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Morgane Bonade
- Laboratoire EGCE UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 9191, IRD247, Université Paris Sud Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Silvan Oulion
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1051 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Laboratory of Development and Evolution, Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción Concepción, Chile
| | - Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR5554, Université Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD, EPHE Montpellier, France
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32
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Osorio R, Sauro S, Watson TF, Toledano M. Polyaspartic acid enhances dentine remineralization bonded with a zinc-doped Portland-based resin cement. Int Endod J 2015; 49:874-883. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Osorio
- Dental Materials; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
| | - S. Sauro
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry; Departamento de Odontología; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; CEU-Cardenal Herrera University; Valencia Spain
| | - T. F. Watson
- Biomaterials; Biomimetics & Biophotonics; King's College London Dental Institute at Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - M. Toledano
- Dental Materials; School of Dentistry; University of Granada; Granada Spain
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33
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Müller WEG, Tolba E, Schröder HC, Wang X. Polyphosphate: A Morphogenetically Active Implant Material Serving as Metabolic Fuel for Bone Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1182-1197. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner E. G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6; D-55128 Mainz Germany
- Biomaterials Department; Inorganic Chemical Industries Division; National Research Center; Doki Cairo; 11884 Egypt
| | - Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University; Duesbergweg 6; D-55128 Mainz Germany
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34
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Hendley CT, Tao J, Kunitake JAMR, De Yoreo JJ, Estroff LA. Microscopy techniques for investigating the control of organic constituents on biomineralization. MRS BULLETIN 2015; 40:480-489. [PMID: 27358507 PMCID: PMC4922639 DOI: 10.1557/mrs.2015.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This article addresses recent advances in the application of microscopy techniques to characterize crystallization processes as they relate to biomineralization and bio-inspired materials synthesis. In particular, we focus on studies aimed at revealing the role organic macromolecules and functionalized surfaces play in modulating the mechanisms of nucleation and growth. In nucleation studies, we explore the use of methods such as in situ transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy to delineate formation pathways, phase stabilization, and the competing effects of free energy and kinetic barriers. In growth studies, emphasis is placed on understanding the interactions of macromolecular constituents with growing crystals and characterization of the internal structures of the resulting composite crystals using techniques such as electron tomography, atom probe tomography, and vibrational spectromicroscopy. Examples are drawn from both biological and bio-inspired synthetic systems.
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35
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Kolozsvari B, Firth S, Saiardi A. Raman spectroscopy detection of phytic acid in plant seeds reveals the absence of inorganic polyphosphate. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:826-828. [PMID: 25620771 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Kolozsvari
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Steven Firth
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Adolfo Saiardi
- Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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