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Li R, Yang W, Grimaldi R, Zeng P, Smith G, Chen X. Efficacy of a stannous fluoride dentifrice for relieving dentinal hypersensitivity in Chinese population: an 8-week randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:230. [PMID: 38530474 PMCID: PMC10965716 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)-using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)-using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)-using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). RESULTS Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Roberta Grimaldi
- Haleon (Formerly Known As GSK Consumer Healthcare), Weybridge, UK
| | - Peter Zeng
- Haleon (Formerly Known As GSK Consumer Healthcare), Shanghai, China
| | - Gary Smith
- Haleon (Formerly Known As GSK Consumer Healthcare), Weybridge, UK
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
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Tonguc-Altin K, Selvi-Kuvvetli S, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. Antibacterial effects of dentifrices against Streptococcus mutans in children: a comparative in vitro study. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024; 48:72-81. [PMID: 38548635 DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoridated dentifrices have antibacterial effects on children's teeth. On the other hand, the side effects encountered with the use of them have led researchers to look for safe alternatives. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of different commercially available fluoride-free dentifrices on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in comparison with different concentrations of fluoridated dentifrices. Study groups comprised of fluoride-free dentifrices, which contain Probiotic (Activated Charcoal Probiotic Dentifrice-Group P), Aloe Vera-Group AV and Salivary Proteins-Group SP. Fluoridated dentifrices containing 1450 ppm fluoride-Control Group 1 and 500 ppm fluoride-Control Group 2 served as control groups. Antibacterial activity was assessed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations and agar well diffusion assays on S. mutans. Biofilm inhibition assay was performed with dentifrices, which had antibacterial activities, and a negative control phosphate-buffered saline (Group PBS) on sterile hydroxyapatite discs against S. mutans. Statistical evaluation was performed. Only group AV showed an antibacterial effect on S. mutans, while control groups showed a similar antibacterial effect. The mean number of viable bacteria present in S. mutans biofilm in Control Group 1 and 2 and Group AV were statistically significantly lower than that in Group PBS, but there were no statistically significant differences between Control Groups and Group AV. Antibacterial activity of commercial dentifrices against S. mutans may be exerted by antibacterial components other than fluoride. Aloe vera-containing toothpaste showed an antibacterial effect on S. mutans, although not as much as the fluoride-containing toothpastes in the control groups. However, further in vivo and long-term studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Tonguc-Altin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Selvi-Kuvvetli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, 34730 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
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Alzahrani L, Denucci GC, Lippert F, Dehailan LA, Bhamidipalli SS, Hara AT. Impact of toothbrush head configuration and dentifrice abrasivity on non-carious cervical lesions in-vitro. J Dent 2024; 140:104798. [PMID: 38043721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of toothbrush head configuration and dentifrice slurry abrasivity on the development of simulated non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in vitro. METHODS Extracted premolars were randomly allocated into 15 groups (n = 16) generated by the association between toothbrush head configuration (flat-trimmed, rippled, cross-angled/multilevel/rubbers added, cross-angled/multilevel/flex head, feathered) and dentifrice slurry abrasivity (low/medium/high). Teeth were mounted on acrylic blocks and had their roots partially covered with acrylic resin, leaving 2-mm root surfaces exposed. Toothbrushing was performed for 35,000 and 65,000 double-strokes. Specimens were analyzed using non-contact profilometry for dental volume loss (mm3) and lesion morphology. Data was analyzed using ANOVA with pairwise comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis tests. RESULTS The two-way interaction between toothbrush head configuration and slurry abrasivity was significant (p = 0.02). At 35,000 strokes, the flat-trimmed and cross-angled/multilevel/rubbers added toothbrushes caused the highest loss, when associated to the high-abrasive slurry (p<0.05); whereas cross-angled/multilevel/flex head showed the least loss, when associated to the low-abrasive (p<0.05). At 65,000, more dental loss was observed for all toothbrushes when associated to the high-abrasive slurry, with flat-trimmed causing the highest loss (p < 0.05). Lower dental loss rates were observed for cross-angled/multilevel/flex head associated to the low-abrasive slurry when compared to the other toothbrushes (p < 0.05), except to feathered (p = 0.14) and rippled (p = 0.08). Flat lesions (mean internal angle ± standard-deviation: 146.2°± 16.8) were mainly associated with low-abrasive slurry, while wedge-shaped lesions (85.8°± 18.8) were more frequent with medium- and high-abrasive slurries. CONCLUSION The development, progression and morphology of simulated NCCLs were modulated by both toothbrush head configuration and dentifrice abrasivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dental professionals should consider both the type of toothbrush and dentifrice abrasivity in the management plan of patients at risk of developing NCCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Alzahrani
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanna C Denucci
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Laila Al Dehailan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surya S Bhamidipalli
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Health Research Institute, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Abrahamsen S, Koldsland OC, Preus HR. The anti-plaque effect of high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation and gingival inflammation, irrespective to individual polishing technique and plaque quality. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:281. [PMID: 37170260 PMCID: PMC10176866 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation, and gingivitis, as compared to a control toothpaste, irrespective of individual brushing technique and plaque quality. METHODS The experimental gingivitis model, with a split-mouth design was used to assess the anti-plaque effect of a high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice on plaque formation. By producing individual fitted trays, the toothpaste was applied in the test quadrant and a control dentifrice in the contralateral. The participants used the individual fitted trays for 1 min every morning and evening, for 21 days. In this period, the participants was only allowed to brush the teeth in the opposite jaw, as usual. Twenty healthy individuals successfully completed the study. RESULTS At 21 days, there was no statistically significant difference between test quadrant and control quadrant with regard to plaque indices, gingival index and number of bleeding sites. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the high concentration sodium bicarbonate dentifrice used did not produce statistically significant anti-plaque effect compared to the control dentifrice, in terms of Plaque- and Gingival Indices, number of bleeding sites or by Quigely and Hein, the Turesky modification Plaque Index, irrespective of brushing technique and individual plaque quality. TRIAL REGISTRATION Regional Committee for Medical Research and Ethics, South-East Norway in 2021 (REK.2021/370116). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05441371 (First registered 09/06/2022, First posted 01/07/2022) ( http://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov ). (Retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Abrahamsen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Oslo, POB 1109, Blindern, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Odd Carsten Koldsland
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Oslo, POB 1109, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans R Preus
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Odontology, Faculty of Dentistry of Oslo, POB 1109, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Pollard AJ, Khan I, Davies M, Claydon N, West NX. Comparative efficacy of self-administered dentifrices for the management of dentine hypersensitivity - A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Dent 2023; 130:104433. [PMID: 36753794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review with network meta-analysis synthesises available randomised controlled trials evidence concerning efficacy of self-administered dentifrices for management of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) pain. STUDY SELECTION Following systematic review registration (CRD42019154064), three data bases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL) were searched to December 2022 for parallel randomised controlled trials conducted in adults diagnosed with DH, using at least two recognised stimuli, assessing the short-term efficacy of home-use dentifrice treatment in reducing pain. Thirty-two studies and 4,638 participants were included. A Network meta-analysis (NMA) approach was used to compare relative effectiveness between interventions. CONCLUSIONS Twice daily application of self-applied dentifrice containing formulations of stannous, potassium +/- stannous, or arginine can be recommended for the reduction of dentine hypersensitivity pain. There is a need for standardised methodology guideline development to improve the conduct, analysis and reporting of DH clinical studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first comprehensive NMA to be performed, that follows guidelines for conduct of DH trials to determine the efficacy of self-applied dentifrices for the management of dentine hypersensitivity. Indirect comparisons can be made between formulations that have not been compared to one another in randomised controlled trials.
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Devi BV, Rajasekar A. Effect of herbal and nonherbal dentifrice on gingival health - A clinical study. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2022; 13:S207-S211. [PMID: 36643171 PMCID: PMC9836110 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_177_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main causative factor for periodontal diseases is dental plaque. The most effective way to remove plaque is tooth brushing using dentifrice. Recently, due to the side effects of commercially available chemical dentifrices, herbal toothpaste is gaining popularity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of herbal and nonherbal toothpaste on gingival health. The current study involved 100 outpatients reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Each patient received oral prophylaxis and for 3 days, they were told not to use any other oral hygiene products. The subjects were assigned randomly into the test group (Colgate Herbal) and control group (Colgate). Thirty days later, the plaque and gingival indices were recorded and compared with the baseline using an unpaired t-test (SPSS software, version 23). The mean plaque index at baseline was 1.4 ± 0.6 (herbal) and 1.3 ± 0.7 (nonherbal), and after 30 days, the scores were 1.0 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The mean gingival index score for herbal and nonherbal dentifrice at baseline was 1.19 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2, and at 30th day, it was 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.4, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Herbal dentifrices are just as effective as nonherbal dentifrices at reducing plaque and improving gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Vaishnavi Devi
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arvina Rajasekar
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Arvina Rajasekar, Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
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Jain A, Pralhad S, Jain A. Assessment of the factors that affect the selection of a dentifrice among a population of 18-24-year-old students in Mangalore: A questionnaire survey. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:600-603. [PMID: 36582949 PMCID: PMC9793917 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_36_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bacterial plaque accumulation is the primary etiological factor for periodontal disease; hence, prevention of its accumulation is the cornerstone to any oral hygiene practice. Mechanical tooth cleaning by means of toothbrush and a dentifrice remains the most reliable and common method for controlling supragingival plaque. The objective of the study was to evaluate the factors considered while choosing a dentifrice and also to assess the role of socioeconomic status in determining these factors. Materials and Methods This was a questionnaire study carried out among undergraduate students from the business and mass communication background of two private degree colleges in Dakshina Kannada, India. Two hundred and fifty-five students were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 24 close-ended questions. Results and Conclusion The parameters of brand name, availability, and the flavor of the dentifrice are among the most accepted factors that a consumer takes into consideration in selecting a dentifrice. Parameters of influence (parents, colleagues, and celebrities), advertisement, and dentist recommendations of a dentifrice were also found to have a major influence on the consumer in selecting a dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Jain
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Swati Pralhad
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Swati Pralhad, Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore - 575 001, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Animesh Jain
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Zhao X, Wang L, Pan J, Malmstrom H, Ren YF. Effects of desensitizing dentifrices on dentin tubule occlusion and resistance to erosive challenges. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:610. [PMID: 34847898 PMCID: PMC8638163 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have demonstrated efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP) containing products for dentin tubule occlusion for treatment of dentin sensitivity, but their effectiveness under dynamic erosive challenges remains to be elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a desensitizing dentifrice containing CPP in occluding dentin tubules and resisting erosive challenges in comparison to that containing polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic acid (PVM/MA) copolymers. Methods
A total of 33 dentin discs were prepared from coronal sections of human third molars and divided into 3 groups: a toothpaste containing CPP; a toothpaste containing PVM/MA and submicron silica; and a regular toothpaste (Controls). A soft-bristle toothbrush was used to brush the dentin discs with the dentifrices for 45 strokes in 30 s at a force of approximately 200 g. The brushing cycle was repeated after immersion of the dentin discs in artificial saliva overnight. The dentin discs were then challenged in orange juice for 10 min in an incubator rocking at 120 rpm. Three fields were randomly selected on each dentin disk surface to assess dentin tubule occlusions after each brushing cycle and after orange juice challenge with a 3D laser scanning microscope. Specimen cross sections were examined with a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Results After the first and second cycles of brushing, dentin tubules were occluded on average by 56.3% and 85.7% in CPP group, 66.2% and 88.1% in PVM/MA group, and 0.0 and 13.0% in the controls, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in dentin tubule occlusions between the CPP and PVM/MA groups after two cycles of brushing (p>0.05). After dynamic erosive challenges with orange juice, 20.3% of the dentin tubules in the CPP group, 79.1% in the PVM/MA group and none in the control remained occluded (P<0.05). SEM/EDS imaging showed that dentin tubules were blocked with plugs containing dentifrice substances in CPP and PVM/MA groups after treatments, but none in the controls. Conclusions Desensitizing dentifrices containing CPP or PVM/MA could effectively occlude dentin tubules after two cycles of brushing. PVM/MA in combination with submicron silicon dioxide exhibited stronger resistance to dynamic erosive challenges by acidic beverages. Inorganic fillers that can enter dentin tubules and resist erosive challenges may be key for desensitizing dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of General Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of General Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Malmstrom
- University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA
| | - Yan-Fang Ren
- University of Rochester Eastman Institute for Oral Health, 625 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14620, USA.
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Verma P, Muthuswamy Pandian S. Bionic effects of nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice on demineralised surface of enamel post orthodontic debonding: in-vivo split mouth study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:39. [PMID: 34719755 PMCID: PMC8558117 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic debonding procedure produces inevitable enamel surface alterations, sequelae to which are enamel demineralization, sensitivity and retention of pigments. Several agents have been employed to counterbalance the same. The purpose of this study was (1) To evaluate the hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the remineralising potential of nano hydroxyapatite (NanoHAP) dentifrice and fluoridated dentifrice after orthodontic debonding, (2) To estimate the enamel topographic parameters following use of nano HAP dentifrice, post orthodontic debonding. METHODS Sixty upper first bi-cuspids (30 subjects) planned for therapeutic extraction for the orthodontic treatment were bonded with a light cured adhesive. Envelope method of randomisation was followed in this prospective in-vivo study. In each subject, one of the first premolar brackets was debonded using a debonding plier and polished following standard protocols. Envelope method of randomisation was used to determine the side of the premolar to be debonded first. Patient was advised to use fluoridated (Group I) dentifrice for the first 15 days, then the first premolar was covered with a heavy-bodied putty cap, extracted and subjected to atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contralateral first premolar was then debonded and polished using similar protocol, and patient was advised to use nano hydroxyapatite dentifrice (Group II) for next 15 days. The premolar was then extracted and analyzed for surface roughness using AFM. The remineralizing potential of dentifrices was assessed by evaluating surface roughness parameters of the two groups and were compared using a two-sample t test. RESULTS A significant difference was found amongst Group I (Fluoridated dentifrice) and Group II (NanoHAP dentifrice) (p > 0.001***) for enamel surface roughness variables which reflect remineralising potential of dentifrices. Group II showed significantly lesser value of surface roughness characteristics. CONCLUSIONS NanoHAP dentifrice was shown, after 15 days, to be superior to fluoridated dentifrice in remineralising enamel post orthodontic debonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Verma
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Srirengalakshmi Muthuswamy Pandian
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, 162, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
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Panta P, Dhopathi SR, Gilligan G, Seshadri M. Invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma induced by concurrent smokeless tobacco and creamy snuff use: A case report. Oral Oncol 2021; 118:105354. [PMID: 34023217 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are caused by chronic tobacco abuse. In this regard, the carcinogenic potential of smoking and smokeless forms of tobacco, including chewing tobacco and moist/dry snuff, has been widely documented. However, the effects of tobacco-containing products such as creamy snuff on oral health have not been widely reported. Here, we report on the clinical presentation of a patient with OSCC induced by concurrent chewing tobacco and creamy snuff use. The development and progression of mucosal carcinogenesis in the context of mixed tobacco use habits is discussed. With the increased availability of newer tobacco-containing products, it is important for clinicians to be aware of these products in the marketplace, including dentifrices and nicotine pouches, and counsel their patients regarding their health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Panta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Narsapur Road, Sangareddy 502294, Telangana, India.
| | - Sravya Reddy Dhopathi
- Department of Periodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Narsapur Road, Sangareddy 502294, Telangana, India
| | - Gerardo Gilligan
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Haya de la Torre SN, PC: 5000, Ciudad Universitaria, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Mukund Seshadri
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, United States
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Sreenivasan PK, Kakarla VVP, Sharda S, Setty Y. The effects of a novel herbal toothpaste on salivary lactate dehydrogenase as a measure of cellular integrity. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3021-3030. [PMID: 33064207 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03623-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a critical intracellular enzyme responsible for anaerobic respiration in pyruvate metabolism which becomes detectable in extracellular spaces after cellular breakdown. This clinical investigation examined the effects of brushing with a test toothpaste containing natural ingredients, i.e., clove (Syzygium aromaticum), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), amla (Emblica officinalis), neem (Azadirachta indica), tulsi (Ocimum basillicum), and honey (from Apis mellifera), and 0.96% zinc (zinc oxide, zinc citrate) and 0.76% SMFP (1000 ppm F) in a calcium carbonate base formulated with natural ingredients (Ved Shakti, Colgate Palmolive India) and a fluoride toothpaste containing 0.76% SMFP (1000 ppm F) in a calcium carbonate base (Colgate Cavity Protection, Colgate Palmolive; henceforth control) on salivary LDH in conjunction with the assessments of dental plaque and gingivitis representing oral hygiene parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This double-blind, two-cell study enrolled 70 adults (age range 20-59 years). Subjects completed a washout and provided baseline saliva samples for LDH analysis and clinical assessments of dental plaque and gingivitis using the Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein and Loe-Silness methods respectively. Subjects were randomly assigned to brush their teeth with either the test or control. Post-treatment sample collection and clinical evaluations were conducted after 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 week sof brushing with all assessments conducted 12 h after hygiene. Statistical analyses were conducted independently for each parameter by t-test for within treatment evaluation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for between treatment comparisons. RESULTS At baseline, treatment groups demonstrated no significant differences for LDH or dental plaque and gingival index scores. Brushing with the test demonstrated progressive reductions in salivary LDH, plaque and gingival index scores over the study duration in comparison to the control. The test demonstrated reductions in LDH of 9.5-15.4% over the study period in comparison to the control representing statistically significant effects (p < 0.05). The test also demonstrated reductions in dental plaque that ranged between 6.4 and 16.2% over the study period and gingivitis reductions that ranged between 8.2 and 23.8% representing statistically significant results (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Brushing with a novel herbal toothpaste demonstrated significant reductions in salivary LDH representing improvements in cellular integrity with concurrent reductions in dental plaque and gingivitis as compared to the control dentifrice. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Salivary LDH measurements offer a non-invasive and objective measurement of mucosal cellular integrity complementing other evaluations and clinical assessments such as plaque and gingival index scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem K Sreenivasan
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Veera Venkata Prasad Kakarla
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India.
| | - Shweta Sharda
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
| | - Yogitha Setty
- Public Health Dentistry SDM College of Dental Sciences and Hospital SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Affiliated to SDM University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580009, India
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Charamba CF, Needy J, Ungar PS, de Sousa FB, Eckert GJ, Hara AT. Objective assessment of simulated non-carious cervical lesion by tridimensional digital scanning. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4069-74. [PMID: 33464418 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the use of 3D intraoral scanner/image analysis for the detection and monitoring of simulated non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 288 NCCLs of different severities and simulated using a laboratorial model associating toothbrush stiffness (soft, medium, and hard) and toothpaste abrasivity (low, medium, high, and negative control) were analyzed. Dental impressions were taken from specimens before and after 35K and 65K brushing strokes, and then scanned with a CEREC Omnicam scanner. 3D models were analyzed for volumetric tooth loss. 3D optical profilometry was considered as the gold standard. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD tests (alpha = 0.05), and agreement between methods by using intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Toothbrushes of hard and mid stiffness caused higher tooth loss than soft when associated with the highest abrasive, at 35K and 65K strokes (p < 0.001). Variation in slurry abrasivity led to differences in tooth loss (with control < low < medium < high, p < 0.0001) after both 35K and 65K strokes, regardless of the type of toothbrush used, except at 35K, wherein control = low (p = 0.55). 35K strokes caused less tooth loss than 65K for all abrasive slurries (p < 0.0001) except controls. The intraclass correlation coefficient for agreement between the test and gold standard methods was 0.85. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of 3D images from intraoral scanner could detect and monitor NCCL progression, although this ability was limited on incipient lesions. Overall good agreement was found between the test method and optical profilometry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The suggested method may be applicable to detect and monitor NCCLs clinically.
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Levine M, Collins LM, Lohinai Z. Zinc chloride inhibits lysine decarboxylase production from Eikenella corrodens in vitro and its therapeutic implications. J Dent 2020; 104:103533. [PMID: 33189800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dentifrices containing zinc reduce gingival inflammation and bleeding better than control dentifrices (no zinc). How zinc might work is not understood. We have shown that lysine decarboxylase (LdcE), an enzyme from Eikenella corrodens, converts lysine to cadaverine in dental biofilms. The lack of lysine impairs the dentally attached cell barrier to biofilm, causing biofilm products to leak into junctional epithelium and stimulate inflammation. In year-old beagle dogs, immunization with LdcE, induces antibodies that inhibit LdcE activity and retard gingivitis development. We therefore examined whether a zinc-mediated loss of LdcE activity could explain the beneficial effect of zinc dentifrices. METHODS We grew E. corrodens in modified tryptic soy broth with or without zinc chloride, and extracted LdcE from the cell surface using a Potter Elvehjem homogenizer. RESULTS Up to 0.96 mM zinc chloride in the bacterial growth medium did not change cell yield, but reduced the extracted protein content by 41% (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.05) and LdcE activity/mg extracted protein by 85% (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.001). In extracts from cells grown without zinc, 78 times this zinc chloride concentration (73 mM) was required to reduce LdcE activity by 75%. CONCLUSIONS Zinc ions inhibit the production of protein with LdcE activity at E. corrodens cell surfaces. The zinc ions may attach to cysteine residues that are unique to the N-terminal region of LdcE by interfering with the non-covalent polypeptide assembly that produces enzyme activity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Zinc ion-mediated inhibition of LdcE assembly may provide a rationale for the improved control of gingival inflammation by zinc dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Levine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
| | - Lindsay M Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Zsolt Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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de Oliveira Carvalho I, Purgato GA, Píccolo MS, Pizziolo VR, Coelho RR, Diaz-Muñoz G, Alves Nogueira Diaz M. In vitro anticariogenic and antibiofilm activities of toothpastes formulated with essential oils. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104834. [PMID: 32663696 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of essential oils and herbal toothpastes against bacteria associated with oral diseases. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and antibiofilm activity of 13 essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus lactis, and Enterococcus faecalis. were determined. Toothpastes were formulated with different concentrations of the most active essential oils, alone and in combination, and evaluated for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. RESULTS Clove, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils were effective in inhibiting all bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity of cinnamon essential oil was similar to that of the control (0.12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash). Cinnamon essential oil was a strong inhibitor of S. mutans growth. The antibiofilm activity of clove, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils at 1, 2, and 4 × MIC against S. mutans did not differ from that of the control. In the hole-plate diffusion assay, 17 out of the 18 tested toothpastes produced an inhibition halo at least half as large as that of the control. Toothpastes containing clove, clove and oregano, or clove, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils were able to completely disrupt S. mutans biofilms, not differing from the control. Thyme essential oil was found to act synergistically with chlorhexidine against S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that clove, oregano, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils may be added to fluoride-free toothpastes to enhance inhibitory effects against bacteria associated with cavities and periodontal disease. Thyme essential oil may increase the efficiency of chlorhexidine-containing dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela de Oliveira Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Aparecida Purgato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mayra Soares Píccolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, ICEX-Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Creeth JE, Burnett GR, Souverain A, Gomez-Pereira P, Zero DT, Lippert F, Hara AT. In situ efficacy of an experimental toothpaste on enamel rehardening and prevention of demineralisation: a randomised, controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:118. [PMID: 32303206 PMCID: PMC7164289 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel sodium fluoride toothpaste containing lactate ion and polyvinylmethylether-maleic anhydride has been developed to promote enamel remineralisation and resistance to demineralisation. In this in situ study, we compared this toothpaste (‘Test’) with a stannous fluoride-zinc citrate (SnF2-Zn) toothpaste (‘Reference’) (both 1100–1150 ppm fluoride) and a fluoride-free toothpaste (‘Placebo’) using an enamel dental erosion-rehardening model. Methods In each phase of this randomised, investigator-blind, crossover study, participants wore palatal appliances holding bovine enamel specimens with erosive lesions. They brushed their natural teeth with either the Test, Reference or Placebo toothpastes, then swished the resultant slurry. Specimens were removed at 2 h and 4 h post-brushing and exposed to an in vitro acid challenge. Surface microhardness was measured at each stage; enamel fluoride uptake was measured after in situ rehardening. Surface microhardness recovery, relative erosion resistance, enamel fluoride uptake and acid resistance ratio were calculated at both timepoints. Results Sixty two randomised participants completed the study. Test toothpaste treatment yielded significantly greater surface microhardness recovery, relative erosion resistance and enamel fluoride uptake values than either Reference or Placebo toothpastes after 2 and 4 h. The acid resistance ratio value for Test toothpaste was significantly greater than either of the other treatments after 2 h; after 4 h, it was significantly greater versus Placebo only. No treatment-related adverse events were reported. Conclusions In this in situ model, the novel-formulation sodium fluoride toothpaste enhanced enamel rehardening and overall protection against demineralisation compared with a fluoride-free toothpaste and a marketed SnF2-Zn toothpaste. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03296072; registered September 28, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Creeth
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK.
| | - Gary R Burnett
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Audrey Souverain
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, Route de l'Etraz 2, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Paola Gomez-Pereira
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health and Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, 415 Lansing Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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Parkinson CR, Milleman KR, Milleman JL. Gingivitis efficacy of a 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride dentifrice: a 24-week randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:89. [PMID: 32216778 PMCID: PMC7098169 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plaque-induced gingivitis can be prevented and treated with regular effective oral hygiene, principally via mechanical cleaning with regular toothbrushing. To complement the mechanical plaque removal, antimicrobial ingredients can be incorporated into dentifrices to inhibit the growth of plaque. This study aimed to evaluate and compare gingivitis and the proportion of subjects moving between gingivitis severity (< 10, > 10 < 30, > 30% bleeding sites), and plaque reduction, following twice daily use of an experimental non-aqueous 0.454% weight/weight (w/w) stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice, compared to a negative control dentifrice over 12 and 24 weeks. METHOD This was a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, stratified, two-treatment arm, parallel group, 24-week clinical study in healthy adult volunteers with moderate gingivitis. At baseline, after abstaining from toothbrushing overnight, subjects underwent MGI (modified gingival index), BI (bleeding index) and PI (plaque index) assessments. Eligible subjects, who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were stratified based on gender and baseline mean MGI score (Low ≤2.00 /High > 2.00) and randomized to treatment. Following randomization, subjects underwent a thorough dental prophylaxis and flossing. After 12 and 24 weeks of twice daily brushing with their allocated treatment, subjects returned to the site (with overnight plaque, having abstained from oral hygiene procedures for 8 h prior to visit) for MGI, BI and PI assessments. Treatment effect was evaluated by comparing the MGI, BI and PI scores. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-nine subjects were screened; 98 subjects were randomized and 90 subjects completed the study. Statistically significant differences between treatments, in favour of the 0.454% stannous fluoride dentifrice were observed, compared to the negative control dentifrice, for all outcome measures (MGI, BI, bleeding sites and PI at weeks 12 and 24 p < 0.0001). At 24 weeks, 71% of subjects in the 0.453% SnF2 treatment group demonstrated < 10% of bleeding sites. CONCLUSION A dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w SnF2 was shown to be superior to a standard dentifrice in controlling gingivitis and supra-gingival plaque, over a 24-week period. Over two thirds of subjects in the 0.454% SnF2 treatment group demonstrated a level of bleeding sites potentially representative of "clinical periodontal health" (< 10%) following a dental prophylaxis and 24 weeks of product use. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, on 11th Oct. 2019 (NCT04123665).
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Parkinson
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK.
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Olley RC, Alhaij S, Mohsen BM, Appleton PL, Chadwick RG, Ball G. Novel Confocal-Laser-Scanning-Microscopy and conventional measures investigating eroded dentine following dentifrice dab-on and brushing abrasion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03282. [PMID: 32154400 PMCID: PMC7056675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To validate novel non-contacting Confocal-Laser-Scanning-Microscopy (CLSM) methodology with conventional Contacting Profilometry (CP) measures investigating brushing or dab-on of stannous-fluoride dentifrice on early aggressive dentine erosion. Methods 75 polished human dentine samples were prepared and eroded in agitated 6% citric acid then randomly allocated into 5 intervention groups; artificial saliva control (1); controlled use of a pressure sensitive counter-rotating oscillatory powered toothbrush with sodium-fluoride NaF (2) or stannous-fluoride SnF2 (3), and dab-on application of NaF (4) or SnF2 (5). Samples underwent three cycles of intervention and 2-min agitated 6 % citric acid challenges. CLSM images were taken and 3D reconstructions produced of step height using a developed software algorithm. In addition, 20 % samples were randomised and profiled using CP to measure step height and surface roughness. Vickers's diamond micro-hardness testing was carried out on all samples. Results Comparing CLSM and CP; Pearson correlation was 0.77 and Intra-class correlation 0.81 (p = 0.01). There were no significant statistical differences in step height between groups using both CLSM and CP. From baseline, SnF2 brushing (3) increased micro-hardness more than control (1) (p = 0.03), NaF (4) and SnF2 dab-on (5) (p ≤ 0.001), and increased surface roughness more than control (p = 0.02), NaF brushing (2) and NaF dab-on (4) (p ≤ 0.017). Dab-on of SnF2 (5) produced rougher surfaces than control (1) (p = 0.014) and reduced hardness compared with NaF brushing (p = 0.04). Conclusions Good agreement and correlation exists between CLSM and CP measures in dentine. There were no significant differences in surface loss after interventions between groups. Compared with control, SnF2 application increased dentine surface roughness and SnF2 controlled powered brushing application increased dentine hardness, likely caused by exposure of uneroded dentine. Clinical significance Isosurfaces produced using CLSM can be used to represent dentine step height loss. They show good correlation and agreement with conventional CP measures, following early aggressive erosion-abrasion cycles of dentine. The CLSM and computer algorithm therefore provides an accurate, standalone and non-contacting three-dimensional measurement of early dentine wear. Stannous-fluoride brushing, and dab-on application offer no benefits following early aggressive erosion in dentine. To reduce dentine wear, limiting erosive challenges and avoiding brushing post-erosion is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Olley
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Kings College London, UK.,Cardiff University, School of Dentistry, University Hospital Wales, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Graeme Ball
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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Cheng LL. Limited Evidence Suggests That Patients With Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis May Benefit From Using Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-free Dentifrices. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2019; 19:101349. [PMID: 31843182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2019.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ARTICLE TITLE AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: A systematic review. Alli BY, Erinoso OA, Olawuyi AB. J Oral Pathol Med. 2019;48(5):358-64. SOURCE OF FUNDING None. The authors declared no conflict of interest. TYPE OF STUDY/DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis of data from double-blind randomized controlled trials.
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Mayta-Tovalino F, Sedano-Balbin G, Romero-Tapia P, Alvítez-Temoche D, Álvarez-Paucar M, Gálvez-Calla L, Sacsaquispe-Contreras S. Development of New Experimental Dentifrice of Peruvian Solanum tuberosum (Tocosh) Fermented by Water Stress: Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019; 20:1206-1211. [PMID: 31883258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM "Tocosh" is a potato that has undergone a process of hydraulic oxidation that enhances its antimicrobial properties so that this natural resource can be used in medical sciences. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of a new experimental tooth based on Solanum tuberosum "Tocosh" on the cell lines 3T3 and DU145. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the cytotoxicity, cell cultures 3T3 and DU145 were used. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) in a medium containing 10% calf serum where the cells were preincubated at a concentration of 1 × 106 cells/mL in culture medium for 3 hours at 37°C and 6.5% CO2. Then, the absorbance was measured using a microplate reader where the formazan crystals were diluted with acidic and cold isopropanol, and quantified in an ELISA reader. To evaluate the antibacterial effect, the Kirby Bauer inhibition halos method was used on strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), S. mutans (ATCC 25175), and S. mitis (ATCC 49456). RESULTS Solanum tuberosum (tocosh) was not cytotoxic because it only had one CC50 at the concentration of 0.26927 mg/mL and 0.26845 mg/mL for the cell lines 3T3 and DU145, respectively. Tocosh toothpaste (TD) has an antibacterial effect against S. aureus and S. mutans. CONCLUSION The new ecological dentifrice was not cytotoxic since it did not alter cell viability because its CC50 was only 0.268 and 0.269 μg/mL for the 3T3 and DU145 cell lines, respectively; however, it presented an optimal antimicrobial activity against the oral strains evaluated. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This research has great potential for clinical use because this new dentifrice has antimicrobial activity against different oral germs. How to cite this article: Mayta-Tovalino F, Sedano-Balbin G, Romero-Tapia P, et al. Development of New Experimental Dentifrice of Peruvian Solanum tuberosum (Tocosh) Fermented by Water Stress: Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(10):1206-1211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mayta-Tovalino
- Postgraduate Department, School of Stomatology, Universidad Científica del Sur, Peru, Phone: +51 1 214-2500, e-mail:
| | - Gabriela Sedano-Balbin
- Academic Department of Stomatology Medical Surgical, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Percy Romero-Tapia
- Academic Department of Stomatology Medical Surgical, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Daniel Alvítez-Temoche
- Academic Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - María Álvarez-Paucar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Luis Gálvez-Calla
- Academic Department of Medicine and Buccomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sonia Sacsaquispe-Contreras
- Academic Department of Medicine and Buccomaxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Almeida LF, Marín LM, Martínez-Mier EA, Cury JA. Fluoride Dentifrice Overcomes the Lower Resistance of Fluorotic Enamel to Demineralization. Caries Res 2019; 53:567-575. [PMID: 31112976 DOI: 10.1159/000499668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated if the low resistance of fluorotic enamel to demineralization could be overcome by fluoride dentifrice (FD) treatment. Paired enamel slabs of sound and fluorotic enamel (n = 20/group) from human teeth presenting Thylstrup and Fejerskov index (TF) scores from 0 to 4 were obtained. Half of the anatomic surface of the enamel slabs was isolated and used as a control (baseline) regarding enamel mineralization and fluoride concentration. The slabs were submitted to a pH-cycling model simulating a high cariogenic challenge, and 2×/day they were treated with placebo dentifrice (PD) or FD (1,100 µg F/g, as NaF). After 10 days, the slabs were cut into two halves. Enamel demineralization was evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness in one half, and the fluoride formed (FF) concentration was determined in the other half. For statistical analysis, the data on net demineralization area (ΔΔS) and FF (µg F/g) were grouped into TF0, TF1-2, and TF3-4, and analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 5%). The factors studied were TF (0, 1-2, and 3-4) and dentifrice treatment (PD or FD). The effect of the factors was statistically significant for ΔΔS and FF (p < 0.05). In the PD group, the following pattern for ΔΔS was observed: TF3-4 > TF1-2 > TF0 (p < 0.05); however, the groups did not differ (p > 0.05) when FD was used. Regarding FF, the groups treated with PD did not differ (p > 0.05), but the greatest (p < 0.05) FF concentration was found in group TF3-4 treated with FD. These findings suggest that the higher susceptibility of fluorotic enamel to demineralization lesions is decreased by the use of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina María Marín
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Esperanza Angeles Martínez-Mier
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry, and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Nehme M, Parkinson CR, Zero DT, Hara AT. Randomised study of the effects of fluoride and time on in situ remineralisation of acid-softened enamel. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4455-4463. [PMID: 30997568 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This single-centre, randomised, crossover study used a short-term in situ dental erosion remineralisation model to explore the remineralisation of acid-softened enamel in the 4-h period immediately following brushing with an anti-erosion, dentin hypersensitivity test dentifrice containing 1150 ppm fluoride (as sodium fluoride [NaF]) or a placebo dentifrice with no fluoride. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty participants wearing a palatal appliance holding surface-softened bovine enamel specimens brushed their natural teeth with their assigned dentifrice. Specimens were removed at 5-, 10-, 15-, 30-, 60-, 120- and 240-min post brushing. Enamel remineralisation effect was evaluated at each timepoint by percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU). After a second in vitro erosive challenge, the percent relative erosion resistance (%RER) was calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in %SMHR were observed for the test dentifrice compared with the placebo dentifrice from the 60-min timepoint onwards (all p < 0.02; mean difference of 8.66 [95% CI 3.46, 13.87] at 60 min). At each specimen removal time, %RER and EFU were statistically significantly higher for the test dentifrice compared with the placebo dentifrice (p < 0.0001 for all). No treatment-related or serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The NaF-containing anti-erosion, dentin hypersensitivity dentifrice improved remineralisation of acid-softened enamel starting at 60 min of intra-oral exposure. It also improved enamel erosion resistance and fluoride uptake as early as 5 min after exposure to fluoridated dentifrice slurry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Brushing with a NaF-containing dentifrice can rapidly improve remineralisation, enamel erosion resistance and fluoride uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nehme
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - C R Parkinson
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St George's Avenue, Weybridge, KT13 0DE, UK.
| | - D T Zero
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A T Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ackermann M, Tolba E, Neufurth M, Wang S, Schröder HC, Wang X, Müller WEG. Biomimetic transformation of polyphosphate microparticles during restoration of damaged teeth. Dent Mater 2018; 35:244-256. [PMID: 30522697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the fusion process between amorphous microparticles of the calcium salt of the physiological polymer comprising orthophosphate units, of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), and enamel. METHODS This polymer was incorporated as an ingredient into toothpaste and the fusion process was studied by electron microscopy and by synchrotron-based X-ray tomography microscopy (SRXTM) techniques. RESULTS The data showed that toothpaste, supplemented with the amorphous Ca-polyP microparticles (aCa-polyP-MP), not only reseals tooth defects on enamel, like carious lesions, and dentin, including exposed dentinal tubules, but also has the potential to induce re-mineralization in the enamel and dentin regions. The formation of a regeneration mineralic zone on the tooth surface induced by aCa-polyP-MP was enhanced upon exposure to artificial saliva, as demonstrated by SRXTM. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed an increase in the calcium/phosphorus atomic ratio of the enamel deposits to values characteristic for the particles during the treatment with polyP applied in the toothpaste, indicating a fusion of the particles with the tooth mineral. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that toothpaste enriched with aCa-polyP-MP is a promising biomimetic material for accelerating enamel and dentin restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Johann Joachim Becher Weg 13, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Emad Tolba
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Center, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner E G Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Amaechi BT, Kasundra H, Joshi D, Abdollahi A, Azees PAA, Okoye LO. Effectiveness of S-PRG Filler-Containing Toothpaste in Inhibiting Demineralization of Human Tooth Surface. Open Dent J 2018; 12:811-819. [PMID: 30505361 PMCID: PMC6210529 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using an established pH-cycling caries model, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of toothpastes containing Surface Pre-reacted Glass-ionomer filler (S-PRG) in preventing tooth surface demineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS 210 tooth blocks were randomly assigned to seven experimental groups (30 blocks/group): no treatment (A), and toothpaste containing either NaF (B), 0 wt% S-PRG (C), 1 wt% S-PRG (D), 5 wt% S-PRG (E), 20 wt% S-PRG (F) or 30 wt% S-PRG (G). Groups were subjected to 14-day demineralization for development of early caries lesions using a pH-cycling caries model. Demineralization was assessed using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF) and Transverse Microradiography (TMR). All pairwise contrasts (between treatments) were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and then Tukey's HSD for multiple comparisons. All p-values are considered significant if <0.05. RESULTS With QLF, there was a significant (ANOVA; p<0.001) difference in mean percent fluorescence loss (∆F) observed among the groups. Relative to control, all S-PRG-containing toothpastes significantly (Tukey's; p<0.0001) inhibited demineralization at varying percentages (48.6%, 61.3%, 67.4% and 69.8% reduction with S-PRG 1%, 5%, 20% and 30% respectively). Demineralization reduction was not significant with either NaF (15.6% reduction) or 0% S-PRG (-2.5% reduction i.e. 2.5% more demineralization than the Control) when compared to control group. Mineral loss assessed using TMR followed a similar trend as fluorescence loss. CONCLUSION Toothpaste containing S-PRG filler can serve as an effective caries control tool. S-PRG filler-containing dentifrice to be more effective in preventing tooth demineralization than 1100 ppm fluoride provided as sodium fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hariyali Kasundra
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Azadeh Abdollahi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Parveez A. A. Azees
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Linda O. Okoye
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry’ College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Amaechi BT, Lemke KC, Saha S, Gelfond J. Clinical Efficacy in Relieving Dentin Hypersensitivity of Nanohydroxyapatite-containing Cream: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Open Dent J 2018; 12:572-585. [PMID: 30288181 PMCID: PMC6142669 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Apadent Pro (Sangi) Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) dental cream to relieve Dentin Hypersensitivity (DHS), compared with a positive control cream containing 20% pure silica (Silica). Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial, patients diagnosed with DHS and qualified to participate were randomized into two groups, nHAP (n=25) and Silica (n=26). Subjects’ baseline and posttreatment sensitivity were assessed using two pain scales, a four-point Dental Pain Scale (DPS) followed by a linear Visual Analog Scale (VAS), after the application of ice-cold and air stimuli. Subjects used custom-fabricated trays to apply their respective cream for 5 minutes once daily following brushing with standard fluoride toothpaste. Posttreatment sensitivity (efficacy) was assessed every 2 weeks for 8 weeks. Mean treatment outcomes (percentage change from baseline) at each time point were compared using the Tukey HSD test for multiplicity (P<0.05). Results: With either air or cold stimulus, VAS and DPS indicated a significant (P<0.001) reduction in DHS at each time point with either nHAP or Silica. Comparing pain scales, VAS showed no significant difference in DHS reduction between the products with either air or cold. However, with DPS, DHS reduction was significantly (P<0.05) better with Silica than with nHAP at all time points with cold, and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks with air. Conclusion: Both Apadent Pro nHAP and Silica dental creams are effective at promoting the relief of DHS symptoms. When comparing the efficacy of the two compounds to relieve DHS, results of the two pain scales were conflicting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennett T Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kelly C Lemke
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Shyamali Saha
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Gelfond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Alves VF, Moreira VG, Soares AF, de Albuquerque LS, Moura HS, de Oliveira Silva A, Sampaio FC. A randomized triple-blind crossover trial of a hydrocolloid-containing dentifrice as a controlled-release system for fluoride. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:3071-3077. [PMID: 29484546 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate retention of intraoral fluoride in biofilm and saliva, an experimental dentifrice containing hydrocolloid (tara gum) was used as a controlled-release system for fluoride (F). MATERIALS AND METHODS In a triple-blind randomized crossover trial with washout, 18 individuals used the following different dentifrices for a week: 100-TGF (sodium fluoride NaF associated with tara gum, 1100 mg/L), 50-TGF (50% NaF associated with tara gum + 50% free NaF, 1100 mg/L), PC (free NaF, 1100 mg/L), TG (with tara gum and without F), and placebo (without F or tara gum). On the seventh day of dentifrice use, biofilm was collected at 1 and 12 h, and saliva was collected up to 60 min and 12 h after the last toothbrushing. F concentrations were determined by physico-chemical analysis of fluoride using the hexamethyldisiloxane-facilitated diffusion technique. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (repeated measures) and Spearman's correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) testing. RESULTS No significant difference was observed with the same dentifrice regarding F retention in biofilm at 1 and 12 h after toothbrushing for the 100-TGF, placebo, and TG groups (p > 0.05). The highest area under the curve values in saliva were found for the 50-TGF, 100-TGF, and PC groups. CONCLUSION The dentifrice containing hydrocolloid as a controlled-release system for F promoted F retention in the oral cavity, even at 12 h after brushing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hydrocolloid added to dentifrices as a controlled-release system for F might contribute to a higher anti-caries effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02809014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Feitosa Alves
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Vanderlúcia Gomes Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Andréia Felix Soares
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Luísa Simões de Albuquerque
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Helene Soares Moura
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Alisson de Oliveira Silva
- Lauro Wanderley University Hospital, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio Correia Sampaio
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraiba, Castelo Branco, s/n., João Pessoa, Paraiba, 58051-900, Brazil
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Creeth JE, Parkinson CR, Burnett GR, Sanyal S, Lippert F, Zero DT, Hara AT. Effects of a sodium fluoride- and phytate-containing dentifrice on remineralisation of enamel erosive lesions-an in situ randomised clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2543-52. [PMID: 29423713 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this work was to evaluate effects of a dentifrice containing sodium fluoride (1150 ppm F) and the organic polyphosphate phytate (0.85% w/w of the hexa-sodium salt) on in situ remineralisation of early enamel erosive lesions and resistance to subsequent demineralisation. Materials and methods Subjects (n = 62) wore palatal appliances holding eight bovine enamel specimens with pre-formed erosive lesions. They brushed their natural teeth with the phytate test dentifrice (TD); a positive control dentifrice (PC, 1150 ppm fluoride as NaF); a reference dentifrice (RD, disodium pyrophosphate + 1100 ppm fluoride as NaF) or a negative control dentifrice (NC, fluoride-free) in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Specimens were removed at 2, 4 and 8 h post-brushing and exposed to an ex vivo acid challenge. Surface microhardness (Knoop) was measured at each stage. The primary efficacy variable was relative erosion resistance (RER); other variables included the surface microhardness recovery (SMHR), acid resistance ratio (ARR) and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU). Results After 4 h, the results for RER, ARR and EFU were in the order PC > TD = RD > NC with PC > TD = RD = NC for SMHR. Results at 2 and 8 h were generally consistent with the 4 h data. Mineralisation progressed over time. Dentifrices were generally well-tolerated. Conclusions In this in situ model, addition of phytate or pyrophosphate to a fluoride dentifrice inhibited the remineralising effect of fluoride. Both formulations still delivered fluoride to the enamel and inhibited demineralisation, albeit to a lesser extent than a polyphosphate-free dentifrice. Clinical relevance Addition of phytate or pyrophosphate to a fluoride dentifrice may reduce its net anti-erosive properties.
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Kita D, Kinumatsu T, Yokomizo A, Tanaka M, Egawa M, Makino-Oi A, Tomita S, Saito A. Clinical effect of a dentifrice containing three kinds of bactericidal ingredients on periodontal disease: a pilot study in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:116. [PMID: 29426362 PMCID: PMC5807746 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate clinically the effect of a novel dentifrice containing three kinds of bactericidal ingredients on periodontal disease. Results This was a single-arm, prospective clinical study that enrolled patients with periodontitis undergoing supportive periodontal therapy. Periodontal examination, microbiological testing of saliva samples, and evaluation of inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid were performed. After 4 weeks of the use of test dentifrice, these parameters were re-evaluated. The use of dentifrice was also subjectively evaluated by clinicians and participants. Among 30 participants, there were significant improvements in the periodontal and microbiological parameters, and the level of interleukin-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid, following the use of the test dentifrice. In clinicians’ subjective evaluation of the overall usefulness of the dentifrice, ‘mild’ and ‘moderate’ improvement accounted for 83% of the total responses. In the participants’ subjective evaluation, the majority indicated their experience of the use as favorable. Within the limitations of this study, it is suggested that the progression of periodontal disease during the supportive periodontal therapy can be prevented by the use of the test dentifrice. Trial registration UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) 000023175. Date of formal registration: July 14, 2016 (https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000026716) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3216-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kita
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kinumatsu
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.,Kinumatsu Dental Clinic, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Miki Tanaka
- Daiichi Sankyo Healthcare Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Egawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asako Makino-Oi
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Tomita
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan. .,Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan.
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Parkinson CR, Hara AT, Nehme M, Lippert F, Zero DT. A randomised clinical evaluation of a fluoride mouthrinse and dentifrice in an in situ caries model. J Dent 2018; 70:59-66. [PMID: 29289727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fluoride mouthrinses provide advantages for fluoride delivery by maintaining elevated intra-oral fluoride concentrations following fluoride dentifrice use. This in situ caries study investigated potential anti-caries efficacy of a 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse. METHODS This was an analyst-blinded, four-treatment, randomised, crossover study using partially demineralised, gauze-wrapped, human enamel samples mounted in a mandibular partial denture. Participants brushed twice daily for 14 days with either a 1150 ppm fluoride or a fluoride-free placebo dentifrice and either rinsed once daily with the 220 ppm fluoride mouthrinse or not. Following each treatment period, percent surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) were assessed. RESULTS Fifty three participants completed the study. Compared with the placebo dentifrice/no rinse treatment, the fluoride-containing regimens demonstrated greater enamel remineralisation (%SMHR) and fluoridation (EFU): fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse (%SMHR difference: 21.55 [95% CI: 15.78,27.32]; EFU difference 8.35 [7.21,9.29]); fluoride dentifrice/no rinse: 19.48 [13.81,25.15]; 6.47 [5.35,7.60]; placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse: 16.76 [11.06,22.45]; 5.87 [4.72,7.00] (all P < .0001). There were no significant differences in%SMHR between fluoride regimens. The fluoride dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimen was associated with higher EFU than the fluoride dentifrice/no rinse (1.88 [0.75,3.01], P = .0013) and placebo dentifrice/fluoride rinse regimens (2.48 [1.34,3.62], P < .0001). Treatments were generally well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS The in situ caries model demonstrated that the fluoride mouthrinse is effective in promoting enamel caries lesion remineralisation and fluoridation whether used following a fluoride or non-fluoride dentifrice. Additive (potential) anti-caries benefits of a fluoride rinse after a fluoride dentifrice were confined to enhancements in lesion fluoridation (EFU). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In conjunction with a fluoride dentifrice, fluoride mouthrinses enhance enamel fluoridation, which may be useful in caries prevention.
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Abstract
Background Objective was to evaluate the in vivo effects of a novel dental gel (Livionex gelR) vs. a comparison dental gel on the surfaces of pre-eroded enamel chips. Methods On days 1–5, after toothbrushing with dentifrice, nine subjects each wore 8 enamel chips mounted on a palatal appliance for 4 h. Enamel blocks were pre-demineralized daily. After 2 day washout, subjects repeated the protocol using fresh chips and the second toothpaste on days 8–12. Samples were evaluated using electron microscopy. Results Ten standardized enamel surface photomicrographs/sample (total 1440 images) were evaluated for signs of erosion visually and on a scale of 0–3 by 1 evaluator. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups (p>0.32, 95% C.I.). Minimal surface erosion on approx. 15% of sample area was visible in both groups. Conclusion The enamel surface appeared similar after usage of a test or control dentifrice. Based on this study, the test formulation did not affect enamel surface recovery from an erosive challenge. Practical implications Dentifrices can contribute to maintaining a healthy enamel surface. An all-natural dental gel formulation with novel anti-plaque mechanism achieved similar recovery from acid challenge to enamel as a control gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie Lam
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Ho
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Lih-Huei Liaw
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Thair Takesh
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Nayudu A, Lam T, Ho J, Forghany A, Vu T, Ngo W, Ajdaharian J, Wilder-Smith P. Plaque Removal and Gingival Health after Use of a Novel Dental Gel: A Clinical Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6. [PMID: 28286702 PMCID: PMC5342977 DOI: 10.4172/2161-1122.1000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Goal of this in vivo prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded, cross over study was to compare the level of plaque control and gingivitis after use of a novel dental gel (test) vs. A Triclosan/copolymer dentifrice (control). Methods After coronal polishing, 22 subjects with moderate gingivitis were randomly assigned to brush twice daily with test or control dentifrice for the first study Arm. Plaque, gingival and sulcus bleeding indices were recorded at baseline, week 2 and week 4. Professional coronal polishing was repeated, and then subjects brushed with the second dentifrice for 4 weeks. Clinical indices were again recorded at Baseline, week 2 and week 4. The effects of each dentifrice on clinical indices were compared using Student’s t-test. Results Brushing with the test gel produced significantly greater levels of plaque reduction versus the Triclosan/copolymer control dentifrice at each time point. 45% less plaque was measured after 4 weeks of test agent use than after control agent use (p<0.000000005). A significant reduction in gingival inflammation from test vs control agent over w\4 weeks was also observed (p=0.000342). Conclusions An activated edathamil dental gel formulation provides effective plaque control and reduced gingival inflammation compared to a Triclosan/Co-polymer dental gel. Practical Implications: A novel dental gel formulation that does not contain abrasives, detergents or antimicrobials may provide effective plaque control and support gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Nayudu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Tracie Lam
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Jessica Ho
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Ali Forghany
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - Thinh Vu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
| | - William Ngo
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA
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Akwagyiram I, Butler A, Maclure R, Colgan P, Yan N, Bosma ML. A randomised clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a 67 % sodium bicarbonate-containing dentifrice on 0.2 % chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash tooth staining. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:79. [PMID: 27557865 PMCID: PMC4997671 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis can develop as a reaction to dental plaque. It can be limited by curtailing plaque build-up through actions including tooth brushing and the use of medicinal mouthwashes, such as those containing chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), that can reach parts of the mouth that may be missed when brushing. This study aimed to compare dental stain control of twice-daily brushing with a sodium fluoride (NaF) dentifrice containing 67 % sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or a commercially available NaF silica dentifrice without NaHCO3, while using a mouthwash containing 0.2 % CHX. Methods This was a 6-week, randomised, two-site, examiner-blind, parallel-group study in healthy subjects with at least ‘mild’ stain levels on the facial surfaces of ≥4 teeth and ≥15 bleeding sites. Assessment was via modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI), the score being the mean of stain intensity multiplied by area (MLSI [IxA]). Results One hundred and fifty of 160 randomised subjects completed the study. There were no significant differences in Overall (facial and lingual) MLSI (IxA) scores between dentifrices. The Facial MLSI (IxA) was statistically significant at 6 weeks, favouring the 67 % NaHCO3 dentifrice (p = 0.0404). Post-hoc analysis, conducted due to a significant site interaction, found significant differences for all MLSI scores in favour of the 67 % NaHCO3 dentifrice at Site 1 (both weeks) but not Site 2. Conclusions No overall significant differences were found between a 67 and 0 % NaHCO3 dentifrice in controlling CHX stain; a significant difference on facial surfaces suggests advantage of the former on more accessible surfaces. Trial registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01962493) on 10 October 2013 and was funded by GSK Consumer Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Akwagyiram
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK.
| | - Andrew Butler
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
| | - Robert Maclure
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Patrick Colgan
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Nicole Yan
- Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 1, Unit 4 Enterprise House, Manchester Science Park, Lloyd Street North, Manchester, M15 6SE, UK.,Intertek Clinical Research Services: Site 2, 32 High Street, Maldon, Essex, CM9 5PN, UK
| | - Mary Lynn Bosma
- GSK Consumer Healthcare, St Georges Avenue, Weybridge, Surrey, KT13 0DE, UK
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West NX, He T, Macdonald EL, Seong J, Hellin N, Barker ML, Eversole SL. Erosion protection benefits of stabilized SnF 2 dentifrice versus an arginine-sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice: results from in vitro and in situ clinical studies. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:533-540. [PMID: 27477786 PMCID: PMC5318474 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of these investigations was to assess the ability of two fluoride dentifrices to protect against the initiation and progression of dental erosion using a predictive in vitro erosion cycling model and a human in situ erosion prevention clinical trial for verification of effectiveness. Materials and methods A stabilized stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice (0.454 % SnF2 + 0.077 % sodium fluoride [NaF]; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice A] and a sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP]/arginine dentifrice (1.1 % SMFP + 1.5 % arginine; total F = 1450 ppm F) [dentifrice B] were tested in a 5-day in vitro erosion cycling model and a 10-day randomized, controlled, double-blind, two-treatment, four-period crossover in situ clinical trial. In each study, human enamel specimens were exposed to repetitive product treatments using a standardized dilution of test products followed by erosive acid challenges in a systematic fashion. Results Both studies demonstrated statistically significant differences between the two products, with dentifrice A providing significantly better enamel protection in each study. In vitro, dentifrice A provided a 75.8 % benefit over dentifrice B (p < 0.05, ANOVA), while after 10 days in the in situ model, dentifrice A provided 93.9 % greater protection versus dentifrice B (p < 0.0001, general linear mixed model). Conclusion These results support the superiority of stabilized SnF2 dentifrices for protecting human teeth against the initiation and progression of dental erosion. Clinical relevance Stabilized SnF2 dentifrices may provide more significant benefits to consumers than conventional fluoride dentifrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N X West
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK.
| | - T He
- Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E L Macdonald
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - J Seong
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - N Hellin
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
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Gopalakrishnan V, Anthonappa RP, King NM, Itthagarun A. Remineralizing potential of CPP-ACP applied for 1 min in vitro. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:231-7. [PMID: 27154741 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate (1) the remineralizing potential of Tooth Mousse(®) (TM) on artificial carious lesions, when applied for 1 min, and (2) the benefit of a fluoridated dentifrice prior to TM application. METHODS Demineralisation caries-like lesions 120-200 μm deep were produced by placing molars in demineralizing solution for 96 h, sections 100-150 μm thick were then randomly assigned to four groups. Specimens were treated thrice daily with a non-fluoridated (Group A), or fluoridated dentifrice (1000 ppm) (Group B), or TM (Group C), or a fluoridated dentifrice followed by TM (Group D) then subjected to a 10-day pH cycling model. Lesion evaluation involved polarizing light microscopy and microradiography. RESULTS Application of TM in isolation (Group C) for 1 min resulted in significant increase in lesion depth (LD), however, an increase in mineral content deposition (V max) was not significant. Post treatment LD increases were greatest in Group A, then Group C and Group B respectively. A decrease in LD (by 19.9 %) was noted only after fluoridated dentifrice and TM (Group D) were applied consecutively for 1 min each (p < 0.05). Mineral content deposition was also greatest in this group (Group D) and both V max and LD changes were statistically significant when compared to other groups. CONCLUSIONS TM alone failed to remineralize carious lesions when applied for 1 min. However, remineralization occurred after a prior application of a fluoridated dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopalakrishnan
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - R P Anthonappa
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - N M King
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - A Itthagarun
- Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Sälzer S, Rosema NAM, Martin ECJ, Slot DE, Timmer CJ, Dörfer CE, van der Weijden GA. The effectiveness of dentifrices without and with sodium lauryl sulfate on plaque, gingivitis and gingival abrasion--a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:443-50. [PMID: 26293981 PMCID: PMC4799265 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of a dentifrice without sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) to a dentifrice with SLS in young adults aged 18-34 years on gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred twenty participants (non-dental students) with a moderate gingival inflammation (bleeding on probing at 40-70 % of test sites) were included in this randomized controlled double blind clinical trial. According to randomization, participants had to brush their teeth either with dentifrice without SLS or with SLS for 8 weeks. The primary outcome was bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP). The secondary outcomes were plaque scores and gingival abrasion scores (GA) as well as a visual analogue scale (VAS) score at exit survey. Baseline and end differences were analysed by univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test, between group differences by independent t test and within groups by paired sample t test. RESULTS BOMP improved within groups from on average 0.80 at baseline to 0.60 in the group without SLS and to 0.56 in the group with SLS. No statistical difference for BOMP, plaque and gingival abrasion was found between both groups. VAS scores for taste, freshness and foaming effect were significantly in favour of the SLS-containing dentifrice. CONCLUSION The test dentifrice without SLS was as effective as a regular SLS dentifrice on gingival bleeding scores and plaque scores. There was no significant difference in the incidence of gingival abrasion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In patients diagnosed with gingivitis, a dentifrice without SLS seems to be equally effective compared to a dentifrice with SLS and did not demonstrate any significant difference in gingival abrasion. In patient with recurrent aphthous ulcers, the absence of SLS may even be beneficial. However, participants indicate that they appreciate the foaming effect of a dentifrice with SLS more.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sälzer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A M Rosema
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E C J Martin
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D E Slot
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C J Timmer
- Sara Lee Corporation, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - C E Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - G A van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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West N, Seong J, Macdonald E, He T, Barker M, Hooper S. A randomised clinical study to measure the anti-erosion benefits of a stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:182-7. [PMID: 26015669 PMCID: PMC4439628 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.145817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the enamel protection efficacy of stannous-containing sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)/triclosan dentifrices marketed in India in an in situ erosion model with acidic challenge. Materials and Methods: This randomised and controlled, in situ, supervised, double-blind clinical trial employed a two-treatment, four-period crossover design, wherein subjects wore an appliance fitted with human enamel samples 6 h/day during each 10 day treatment period and swished twice daily with their assigned dentifrice slurry: Oral-B® Pro-Health (maximum 1,000 ppm F as sodium fluoride with stannous chloride) or Colgate® Strong Teeth with Cavity Protection (maximum 1,000 F as sodium MFP and triclosan). Subjects swished with 250 ml of orange juice over a 10 min period after each treatment and twice daily for the acidic erosive challenge. Enamel samples were measured for tooth surface loss using contact profilometry at baseline and day 10. Results: A total of 34 subjects were randomised to treatment; 32 subjects completed the final visit. Baseline profilometry measurements of the specimen surfaces were near zero within ± 0.3 μm, and no statistically significant difference (P > 0.48) on average was observed between the two test dentifrices. At day 10, the stannous-containing dentifrice demonstrated 88% less erosion (P < 0.0001) relative to the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Estimated medians (95% confidence intervals) were 0.21 μm (0.17, 0.25) for the stannous-containing dentifrice versus 1.66 μm (1.39, 1.99) for the MFP/triclosan dentifrice. Both dentifrices were well-tolerated. Conclusions: Compared with MFP/triclosan toothpaste, a stabilised stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice gave statistically significantly greater protection against tooth enamel surface loss in situ following repeated acid erosive challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola West
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Joon Seong
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Macdonald
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Tao He
- Procter and Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | | | - Susan Hooper
- Department of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol Dental School and Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Cummins D. The development and validation of a new technology, based upon 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound and fluoride, for everyday use in the prevention and treatment of dental caries. J Dent 2013; 41 Suppl 2:S1-11. [PMID: 23985433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper briefly discusses caries prevalence, the multi-factorial nature of caries etiology, caries risk and the role and efficacy of fluoride. The paper also highlights research on bacterial metabolism which provided understanding of the mouth's natural defenses against caries and the basis for the development of a new technology for the everyday prevention and treatment of caries. Finally, evidence that the technology complements and enhances the anti-caries efficacy of fluoride toothpaste is summarized. CONCLUSIONS Global data show that dental caries is a prevalent disease, despite the successful introduction of fluoride. Caries experience depends on the balance between consumption of sugars and oral hygiene and the use of fluoride. Three scientific concepts are fundamental to new measures to detect, treat and monitor caries: (1) dental caries is a dynamic process, (2) dental caries is a continuum of stages from reversible, pre-clinical to irreversible, clinically detectable lesions, and (3) the caries process is a balance of pathological and protective factors that can be modulated to manage caries. Fluoride functions as a protective factor by arresting and reversing the caries process, but fluoride does not prevent pathological factors that initiate the process. A novel technology, based upon arginine and an insoluble calcium compound, has been identified which targets dental plaque to prevent initiation of the caries process by reducing pathological factors. As the mechanisms of action of arginine and fluoride are highly complementary, a new dentifrice, which combines arginine with fluoride, has been developed and clinically proven to provide superior caries prevention.
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Srisilapanan P, Korwanich N, Yin W, Chuensuwonkul C, Mateo LR, Zhang YP, Cummins D, Ellwood RP. Comparison of the efficacy of a dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine and 1450 ppm fluoride to a dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride alone in the management of early coronal caries as assessed using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence. J Dent 2013; 41 Suppl 2:S29-34. [PMID: 23985436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of a new dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450 ppm fluoride to a matched, positive control dentifrice containing 1450 ppm fluoride in arresting and reversing early coronal caries lesions in children using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF). STUDY DESIGN 331 children from Chiang Mai, Thailand, aged 7-14 years, with one or more visible early enamel caries lesions on the upper anterior teeth, completed the study. The new dentifrice contained 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450 ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate; the matched positive control contained 1450 ppm fluoride only. Subjects brushed twice daily at home and additionally once on school days under teacher's supervision. Digital images of the upper six anterior teeth were captured at the baseline, 3- and 6-month examinations using a custom apparatus for reproducible acquisition of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence data. RESULTS At the 3-month examination, the ΔQ (representing lesion volume) for the test group decreased from a mean of 28.62 at baseline to 20.53 mm(2)% and for the positive control group to 23.38 mm(2)%. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (p=0.055). At the 6-month examination, the ΔQ decreased for the test group to 15.85 mm(2)% and for the positive control group to 20.35 mm(2)%. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION A new dentifrice containing 1.5% arginine, an insoluble calcium compound, and 1450 ppm fluoride, as sodium monofluorophosphate, provided statistically significant superior efficacy in arresting and reversing active coronal caries lesions in children than brushing with a matched positive control dentifrice containing fluoride alone.
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Creeth JE, Kelly SA, Martinez-Mier EA, Hara AT, Bosma ML, Butler A, Lynch RJM, Zero DT. Dose-response effect of fluoride dentifrice on remineralisation and further demineralisation of erosive lesions: A randomised in situ clinical study. J Dent 2015; 43:823-31. [PMID: 25837532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the ability of fluoride in a conventional, non-specialised sodium fluoride-silica dentifrice to promote tooth remineralisation and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU), and assess the resistance of the newly formed mineral to attack by dietary acid, across the concentration range used in mass-market dentifrices. METHODS Subjects wore a palatal appliance containing eight polished bovine enamel specimens, each including an early erosive lesion. In a randomised full-crossover sequence, 62 healthy subjects were treated with dentifrices containing four different fluoride concentrations: no fluoride; 250ppm, 1150ppm and 1426ppm fluoride. At each treatment visit, under supervision, subjects brushed with 1.5g dentifrice and rinsed once while wearing the appliance; the appliance was removed after a 4-h remineralisation period and effects on the enamel specimens determined. The primary efficacy variable was surface microhardness recovery (SMHR); others included EFU, relative erosion resistance (RER) and comparative erosion resistance. RESULTS Highly significant linear and, with the exception of SMHR, quadratic dose-response relationships were observed between all efficacy variables and fluoride concentration. For SMHR, EFU and RER, values for the different fluoride concentrations were statistically resolved from one another, with the exception of the two highest fluoride concentrations. The degree of remineralisation and the acid resistance of enamel after treatment were closely related to EFU. CONCLUSION After a single brushing, conventional non-specialised sodium fluoride-silica dentifrices promoted remineralisation of early enamel lesions, and imparted increased acid-resistance to the enamel surface, in a dose-dependent manner at least up to 1500ppm fluoride. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Enamel erosive tissue loss is an increasing concern, associated with modern diets. This study demonstrated that sodium fluoride, in a conventional non-specialised dentifrice formulation, can promote repair of the earliest stages of enamel erosion after a single application, in a dose-dependent fashion across the fluoride concentration range used in mass-market dentifrices. This study is registered in the GlaxoSmithKline Study Register (ID RH01299), available at: www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com/study/RH01299.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Creeth
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge KT13 0DE, UK.
| | - S A Kelly
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA
| | - E A Martinez-Mier
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA
| | - A T Hara
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA
| | - M L Bosma
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge KT13 0DE, UK
| | - A Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge KT13 0DE, UK
| | - R J M Lynch
- GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge KT13 0DE, UK
| | - D T Zero
- Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis 46202, USA
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Cardoso CAB, Levy FM, Peres-Buzalaf C, Buzalaf MAR. Dentifrice pH but not consistency may affect fluoride uptake in plaque. J Dent 2014; 43:219-24. [PMID: 25511300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the ability of acidic fluoridated solutions to enhance fluoride (F) bound on bacteria (1) and the effect of dentifrice consistency on plaque fluid F uptake (2). METHODS (1) Streptococcus mutans isolates were grown in BHI medium (37°C/18h). Bacteria were washed either with EDTA or CaCl2 both at 1mM to remove or add calcium, respectively. Pellets were incubated with 12 mM NaF at pH 4.5 or 7 for 1 min and F was quantified in the lysates and supernatants with the electrode, after HMDS-facilitated diffusion. (2) A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was performed in three phases with nineteen adults (20-35 years) that used one of the dentifrices: commercial toothpaste (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and conventional viscosity (Sorriso Fresh(®))); experimental liquid dentifrice (ELD) (1100 ppm F, pH7.0 and low viscosity [1.1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)]) and ELD (1100 ppm F and high viscosity pH7.0 (2.2% CMC)). F concentration in plaque fluid was analyzed using an inverted F electrode. RESULTS (1) Significantly higher F amounts were detected in the lysates of bacteria incubated with NaF solution at pH4.5 compared to the supernatant, which was not seen at pH7.0, being this effect calcium-dependent. (2) Significantly higher F concentrations in plaque fluid were found 1h after toothbrushing compared to 12h, but no significant differences were seen among the toothpastes. CONCLUSIONS F at low pH binds more efficiently to S. mutans than at neutral pH and dentifrice viscosity does not interfere in plaque fluid fluoride incorporation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE pH of the dentifrice but not consistency may be important to F uptake in plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A B Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - F M Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil
| | - C Peres-Buzalaf
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Rua Irmã Arminda 10-50, Bauru 17011-160, SP, Brazil
| | - M A R Buzalaf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Al. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil.
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Jones SB, Parkinson CR, Jeffery P, Davies M, Macdonald EL, Seong J, West NX. A randomised clinical trial investigating calcium sodium phosphosilicate as a dentine mineralising agent in the oral environment. J Dent 2015; 43:757-64. [PMID: 25456613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of a dentifrice containing the bioactive material calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) to remineralise the surface of dentine and physically occlude patent tubules was investigated in a 20 day in situ randomised clinical study. METHODS Changes in surface microhardness and surface topography of dentine specimens treated for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days, twice daily with either a dentifrice containing 5% CSPS or a fluoride-only containing placebo dentifrice were compared. The substantivity of any mineral deposits formed on the surface of dentine were investigated by the application of an intra-oral dietary acid challenge twice daily during the final 10 days of treatment. RESULTS After 5 and 10 days of treatment, the dentine samples in both treatment groups demonstrated an increase in surface microhardness. After 10 days of treatment the increase in surface hardness was directionally greater for the specimens treated with 5% CSPS dentifrice. Introducing an intra-oral acid exposure resulted in a reduction in surface microhardness which was significantly greater for the specimens treated with the placebo dentifrice compared to the dentifrice containing 5% CSPS, at day 20. Occlusion of the patent tubules was evident at each time-point and was significantly greater for the 5% CSPS containing dentifrice on days 5 and 10. On day 15 both dentifrices demonstrated the same degree of occlusion. CONCLUSION This in situ study demonstrated that dentifrice containing 5% CSPS may have potential to mineralise and occlude the dentine in the oral environment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This work provides evidence of potential agents that can be used to reduce the pain of dentine hypersensitivity when formulated into dentifrice and applied as part of a normal oral hygiene routine.
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Yaghini J, Kiani S, Mortazavi S, Haghshenas B, Mogharehabed A. Assessment of available and stable fluoride in four widely-used toothpastes in the Iranian market. J Dent (Tehran) 2014; 11:604-9. [PMID: 25628688 PMCID: PMC4290781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Presence of available and stable fluoride in a dentifrice formulation is a major requirement for an anti-caries effect. Although the available fluoride concentration in Iranian dentifrices has been reported in previous studies, there is little information on its stability; which is dependent upon dentifrice formulation. This study was done to assess the fluoride ion concentration and stability in four widely used dentifrices in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this analytical study, three samples of each brand of dentifrice (Nasim, Pooneh, Crest, and Signal) were purchased. Total fluoride (TF) and total soluble fluoride (TSF) concentrations were determined by ion specific electrodes. Data about TF were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for nonparametric data (TSF). RESULTS All dentifrices had more than 1000 ppm of fluoride ions. TSF in Crest was significantly higher than in other dentifrices (P<0.0001) and was over the maximum permitted dose. CONCLUSION The TF concentration in Iranian toothpastes was sufficient to prevent caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Yaghini
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Torabinejad Research Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Kiani
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Mortazavi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Torabinejad Research Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Mogharehabed
- Associated Professor, Department of Periodontics, Torabinejad Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran.,Corresponding author: A. Mogharehabed, Department of Periodontics, Faulty of Dentistry, Isfahan Univercity of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran,
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Abstract
Objectives The goal of this prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dental gel on plaque and gingival health. The dental gel was designed to (1) break up and prevent re-accumulation of microbial biofilm, and (2) inhibit metal mediated inflammation. Materials and Methods Twenty-five subjects with moderate gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness Gingival Index ≥2) and pocket depths <4 were randomly assigned to brush twice daily for 21 days with the test or the control dental gel. On Days 0, 7, 14 and 21, plaque levels (Quigley-Hein, Turesky Modification Plaque Index), gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness Gingival Index) and gingival bleeding (modified Sulcus Bleeding Index) were determined by one blinded, investigator using a pressure sensitive probe. Results After 3 weeks, all 3 clinical indices were significantly improved in both groups (P<0.05) and significantly lower in the test group (P<0.05). Conclusion The novel dental gel formulation was provided effective plaque control and reduced gingival inflammation. Clinical Relevance A novel dentifrice formulation may be an effective tool for plaque removal and maintaining gingival health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dadkhah
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - N E Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - J Ajdaharian
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - C Wink
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA ; School of Dental Hygiene, Concorde Career College, Garden Grove, California 92840, USA
| | - P Klokkevold
- School of Dentistry, Section of Periodontics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - P Wilder-Smith
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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Damle SG, Deoyani D, Bhattal H, Yadav R, Lomba A. Comparative efficacy of dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate + calcium glycerophosphate and non-fluoridated dentifrice: A randomized, double-blind, prospective study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2012; 9:68-73. [PMID: 22363366 PMCID: PMC3283981 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.92948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices in caries prevention has been well documented and research into various formulations continues for a more effective dentifrice. This study evaluated the anti-caries and anti-plaque efficacy of a dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate (1000 ppm) and calcium glycerophosphate, and compared it with a non-fluoridated dentifrice. Materials and Methods: A total of 595 school children (12–15 years) were divided into test (302 children) and control (293 children) groups. The test group used the dentifrice containing sodium monofluorophosphate (1000 ppm) and calcium glycerophosphate, whereas the control group was given a placebo dentifrice. Oral examination for dental caries and plaque assessment was carried out at the start of the study and the children were followed up semiannually up to 18 months. Data were analyzed using repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The values for decayed missing filled teeth (DMFT) increased from baseline to 18 month examination from 4.43±2.03 and 4.67±2.25 (P=0.175) to 5.84±2.29 and 5.13±2.30 (P=0.001) for control and test groups, respectively. Similarly, the increase in decayed missing filled surface (DMFS) values were from 6.42±4.10 and 7.06±4.77 (P=0.082) to 8.64±4.51 and 7.92±5.07 (P=0.095) for test and control groups, respectively. The mean DMFT and DMFS values increased for both the groups; however, the increase was less in test group as compared to control group. The baseline plaque score reduced from 2.94±0.72 and 2.91±0.72 (P=0.679), respectively, for control and test groups to 1.33±0.46 and 0.91±0.38 (P<0.001), respectively, at 18 month examination. Conclusion: Results revealed that the test dentifrice was effective in inhibiting the progression of plaque and control of dental caries as compared to the placebo dentifrice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyawan G Damle
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, India
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Jabbarifar SE, Salavati S, Akhavan A, Khosravi K, Tavakoli N, Nilchian F. Effect of fluoridated dentifrices on surface microhardness of the enamel of deciduous teeth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011; 8:113-7. [PMID: 22013472 PMCID: PMC3177384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface microhardness is a physical property which access the effect of chemical and physical agents on hard tissues of teeth, and a useful way to examine the resistance of fluoride treated enamel against caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate microhardness of enamel following pH-cycling through demineralization and remineralization using suspensions of dentifrices with different fluoride contents. METHODS In this in vitro study 56 enamel blocks of primary incisors were soaked in demineralizing solution and four dentifrices suspensions including: Crest 1100 ppm F (NaF), Crest 500 ppm F (NaF), Pooneh 500 ppm F (NaF,) and Pooneh without fluoride. The means and percentage changes of surface microhardness in pre-demineralization, after demineralization and remineralization stages in four groups were measured. The findings of four groups in three stages were compared by, ANOVA, Tukey and paired t-tests. (α=0.05) RESULTS Average surface microhardness changes of Crest 1100 ppm F, was higher than Crest 500 ppm F, Pooneh 500 ppm F, and Pooneh without fluoride. The percentages of surface microhardness recovery for Crest 1100 ppm F, Crest 500 ppm F, Pooneh 500 ppm F, and Pooneh without fluoride were 45.4, 35.4, 28.6, and 23.7 respectively. Demineralization treatment decreased the surface microhardness of enamel (P<0.05) and the surface microhardness recovery in all groups were significant (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION Surface microhardness of enamel after remineralization by Crest 1100 ppm F was higher than Crest 500 ppm F, Pooneh 500 ppm F, and Pooneh without fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Jabbarifar
- Associate Professor, Pediatric Dentistry Department and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akhavan
- Endodontist, Assistant Professor of Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kazem Khosravi
- Professor, Restorative Dentistry Department and Torabinejad Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naser Tavakoli
- Associate Professor, Pharmaceutics Department, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Nilchian
- Assistant Professor of Dental School, Dental Public Health Department, Isfahan Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,
Correspondence to: Dr Firoozeh Nilchian,
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