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Del-Mazo-Barbara L, Johansson L, Tampieri F, Ginebra MP. Toughening 3D printed biomimetic hydroxyapatite scaffolds: Polycaprolactone-based self-hardening inks. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:506-524. [PMID: 38360290 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The application of 3D printing to calcium phosphates has opened unprecedented possibilities for the fabrication of personalized bone grafts. However, their biocompatibility and bioactivity are counterbalanced by their high brittleness. In this work we aim at overcoming this problem by developing a self-hardening ink containing reactive ceramic particles in a polycaprolactone solution instead of the traditional approach that use hydrogels as binders. The presence of polycaprolactone preserved the printability of the ink and was compatible with the hydrolysis-based hardening process, despite the absence of water in the ink and its hydrophobicity. The microstructure evolved from a continuous polymeric phase with loose ceramic particles to a continuous network of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals intertwined with the polymer, in a configuration radically different from the polymer/ceramic composites obtained by fused deposition modelling. This resulted in the evolution from a ductile behavior, dominated by the polymer, to a stiffer behavior as the ceramic phase reacted. The polycaprolactone binder provides two highly relevant benefits compared to hydrogel-based inks. First, the handleability and elasticity of the as-printed scaffolds, together with the proven possibility of eliminating the solvent, opens the door to implanting the scaffolds freshly printed once lyophilized, while in a ductile state, and the hardening process to take place inside the body, as in the case of calcium phosphate cements. Second, even with a hydroxyapatite content of more than 92 wt.%, the flexural strength and toughness of the scaffolds after hardening are twice and five times those of the all-ceramic scaffolds obtained with the hydrogel-based inks, respectively. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Overcoming the brittleness of ceramic scaffolds would extend the applicability of synthetic bone grafts to high load-bearing situations. In this work we developed a 3D printing ink by replacing the conventional hydrogel binder with a water-free polycaprolactone solution. The presence of polycaprolactone not only enhanced significantly the strength and toughness of the scaffolds while keeping the proportion of bioactive ceramic phase larger than 90 wt.%, but it also conferred flexibility and manipulability to the as-printed scaffolds. Since they are able to harden upon contact with water under physiological conditions, this opens up the possibility of implanting them immediately after printing, while they are still in a ductile state, with clear advantages for fixation and press-fit in the bone defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Del-Mazo-Barbara
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Linh Johansson
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Tampieri
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ewald A, Fuchs A, Boegelein L, Grunz JP, Kneist K, Gbureck U, Hoelscher-Doht S. Degradation and Bone-Contact Biocompatibility of Two Drillable Magnesium Phosphate Bone Cements in an In Vivo Rabbit Bone Defect Model. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4650. [PMID: 37444964 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of bone-cement-enforced osteosynthesis is a growing topic in trauma surgery. In this context, drillability is a desirable feature for cements that can improve fracture stability, which most of the available cement systems lack. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated a resorbable and drillable magnesium-phosphate (MgP)-based cement paste considering degradation behavior and biocompatibility in vivo. Two different magnesium-phosphate-based cement (MPC) pastes with different amounts of phytic acid (IP 6) as setting retarder (MPC 22.5 and MPC 25) were implanted in an orthotopic defect model of the lateral femoral condyle of New Zealand white rabbits for 6 weeks. After explantation, their resorption behavior and material characteristics were evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), porosimetry measurement, histological staining, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and biomechanical load-to-failure tests. Both cement pastes displayed comparable results in mechanical strength and resorption kinetics. Bone-contact biocompatibility was excellent without any signs of inflammation. Initial resorption and bone remodeling could be observed. MPC pastes with IP 6 as setting retardant have the potential to be a valuable alternative in distinct fracture patterns. Drillability, promising resorption potential and high mechanical strength confirm their suitability for use in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ewald
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lasse Boegelein
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Grunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Karl Kneist
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Gbureck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hoelscher-Doht
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Street 6, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
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3
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Tripathi G, Park M, Hossain M, Im SB, Lee BT. Fabrication and characterization of cellulose nano crystal and soya modified injectable brushite bone cement for enhanced bone regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1536-1544. [PMID: 36126815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An inventive, cellulose nano crystal (CNC) and isolated soya flour (SPI) laden brushite-based injectable bone substitute (IBS) material has been developed in the present research. The purpose of the study was to discover the physical, mechanical, in-vitro biological, and in-vivo bone forming ability of the prepared IBS. The incomparable abilities of CNC together with SPI resulted in enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and biodegradability, which together with its exclusive properties, sort it ideal for bone restoration. The CNC/SPI laden composites showed suitable mechanical strength of ~10.5 MPa for BM23 composite. The in- vitro cytocompatibility of the prepared samples were evaluated by osteoblast type MC3T3-E1 cells via MTT assay. Protein absorption and mineralization behavior of BRCNC2.0 was around (1.7 and 2.3)-fold higher than that of BR, respectively. In vivo performance was also found appreciable with ~(31.33 ± 2.04) % BV/TV. Incorporation of SPI resulted in enhanced bone formation at the central zone of the defect, while unmodified samples resulted in bone formation only at the peripheral zone. The findings of the current study proposed that CNC/SPI laden, brushite based injectable bone substitute might be proficient for bone regeneration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tripathi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Myeongki Park
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Mosharraf Hossain
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Soo Bin Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Campus, Bucheon, South Korea
| | - Byong Taek Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea; Department of Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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4
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Kong Y, Jing L, Huang D. Plant proteins as the functional building block of edible microcarriers for cell-based meat culture application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4966-4976. [PMID: 36384368 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2147144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Edible microcarriers are essential for developing cell-based meat in large-scale cell cultures. As they are required to be embedded in the final products, the microcarriers should be edible, biocompatible, cost-effective, and pathogen-free. The invention of edible animal-free microcarriers would be a breakthrough for cell-based meat culture. We reviewed the fabrication techniques and the materials of microcarriers, and found that plant proteins, having diverse structures and composition, could possess the active domains that are hypnotized to replace the animal-based extracellular matrix (ECM) for meat culture applications. In addition, the bioactive peptides in plants have been reviewed and most of them were resulted from enzyme hydrolysis. Therefore, plant proteins with rich bioactive peptides have the potential in the development microcarriers. Our work provided some new trains of thought for developing plant-based biomaterials as ECM materials and advances the fabrication of microcarriers for meat culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 2 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linzhi Jing
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Dejian Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, 2 Science Drive 2, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
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5
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Phogat K, Ghosh SB, Bandyopadhyay‐Ghosh S. Recent advances on injectable nanocomposite hydrogels towards bone tissue rehabilitation. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapender Phogat
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur Rajasthan India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering JECRC University Jaipur Rajasthan India
| | - Subrata Bandhu Ghosh
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur Rajasthan India
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Vezenkova A, Locs J. Sudoku of porous, injectable calcium phosphate cements - Path to osteoinductivity. Bioact Mater 2022; 17:109-124. [PMID: 35386461 PMCID: PMC8964990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase of global population, people's life expectancy is growing as well. Humans tend to live more active lifestyles and, therefore, trauma generated large defects become more common. Instances of tumour resection or pathological conditions and complex orthopaedic issues occur more frequently increasing necessity for bone substitutes. Composition of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) is comparable to the chemical structure of bone minerals. Their ability to self-set and resorb in vivo secures a variety of potential applications in bone regeneration. Despite the years-long research and several products already reaching the market, finding the right properties for calcium phosphate cement to be osteoinductive and both injectable and suitable for clinical use is still a sudoku. This article is focused on injectable, porous CPCs, reviewing the latest developments on the path toward finding osteoinductive material, which is suitable for injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta Vezenkova
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of Genera Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Locs
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials Innovations and Development Centre of RTU, Institute of Genera Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Pulka Street 3, LV-1007, Riga, Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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Essani M, Mevellec JY, Charbonnier B, Moreau P, Moussi H, Weiss P, Bideau JL, Bayle M, Humbert B, Abellan P. Application of a Cryo-FIB-SEM-μRaman Instrument to Probe the Depth of Vitreous Ice in a Frozen Sample. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8120-8125. [PMID: 35648814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of instruments combining multiple characterization and imaging tools drove huge advances in material science, engineering, biology, and other related fields. Notably, the coupling of SEM with micro-Raman spectrometry (μRaman) provides the means for the correlation between structural and physicochemical properties at the surface, while dual focused ion beam (FIB)-scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) operating under cryogenic conditions (cryo-FIB-SEM) allow for the analysis of the ultrastructure of materials in situ and in their native environment. In cryo-FIB-SEM, rapid and efficient methods for assessing vitrification conditions in situ are required for the accurate investigation of the original structure of hydrated samples. This work reports for the first time the use of a cryo-FIB-SEM-μRaman instrument to efficiently assess the accuracy of cryo-fixation methods. Analyses were performed on plunge-freezed highly hydrated calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and a gelatin composite. By making a trench of a defined thickness with FIB, μRaman analyses were carried out at a specific depth within the frozen material. Results show that the μRaman signal is sensitive to the changes in the molecular structures of the aqueous phase and can be used to examine the depth of vitreous ice in frozen samples. The method presented in this work provides a reliable way to avoid imaging artifacts in cryo-FIB-SEM that are related to cryo-fixation and therefore constitutes great interest in the study of vitreous materials exhibiting high water content, regardless of the sample preparation method (i.e., by HPF, plunge freezing, and so on).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouad Essani
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Baptiste Charbonnier
- Nantes Université, INSERM, UMR 1229 RMeS/ONIRIS, Regenerative Medicine and Skelton Laboratory, F-44042 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hilel Moussi
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, INSERM, UMR 1229 RMeS/ONIRIS, Regenerative Medicine and Skelton Laboratory, F-44042 Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, UMR 1229 RMeS/ONIRIS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton Laboratory, F-44042 Nantes, France
| | - Jean Le Bideau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Maxime Bayle
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Bernard Humbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Abellan
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), F-44000 Nantes, France
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8
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Alorku K, Manoj M, Yuan A. A plant-mediated synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:40923-40939. [PMID: 35519223 PMCID: PMC9057773 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of calcium-based phosphate materials at the nanoscale gains several unique properties compared to the bulky state. The effort to scale down, e.g., from bulky state to nanoscale in order to control the morphology and improve structural properties requires the use of varying reagents that can be detrimental to the environment. A typical example of these materials is hydroxyapatite (HAp), one of the well-known calcium phosphate materials, which has a close resemblance to human bone tissue. HAp has valuable applications in catalysis, drug delivery, bone and dental implant formation, and adsorption. Hydroxyapatite-based nanomaterials synthesized through conventional routes make use of reagents that are not environmental friendly and are very costly. Since the current research trends are geared towards producing/synthesizing nanomaterials through an eco-friendly approach, there is the need to consider the techniques and reagents involved in the synthesis of HAp. This review touches on the possible replacement of such synthetic chemical reagents, synthesis routes, and toxic capping agents with plant extracts for synthesizing HAp-based nanomaterials for multi-functional applications. The influence of biomolecules from plants on synthesized HAps and the attainable mechanism during these green approaches are discussed. Viable future modifications of the methods used to obtain extracts from plants are also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingdom Alorku
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
| | - M Manoj
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 Jiangsu Province PR China +86-511-85639001
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9
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Marrazzo P, O’Leary C. Repositioning Natural Antioxidants for Therapeutic Applications in Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E104. [PMID: 32887327 PMCID: PMC7552777 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a large panel of natural antioxidants demonstrate a protective effect in preventing cellular oxidative stress, their low bioavailability limits therapeutic activity at the targeted injury site. The importance to deliver drug or cells into oxidative microenvironments can be realized with the development of biocompatible redox-modulating materials. The incorporation of antioxidant compounds within implanted biomaterials should be able to retain the antioxidant activity, while also allowing graft survival and tissue recovery. This review summarizes the recent literature reporting the combined role of natural antioxidants with biomaterials. Our review highlights how such functionalization is a promising strategy in tissue engineering to improve the engraftment and promote tissue healing or regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Marrazzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini (RN), Italy
| | - Cian O’Leary
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), 123 St Stephen’s Green, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland;
- Science Foundation Ireland Advanced Materials and Bioengineering (AMBER) Centre, RCSI, 2 D02 Dublin, Ireland
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Wu M, Wu P, Xiao L, Zhao Y, Yan F, Liu X, Xie Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, Cai L. Biomimetic mineralization of novel hydroxyethyl cellulose/soy protein isolate scaffolds promote bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1627-1641. [PMID: 32781127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although various strategies have been utilized to accelerate bone regeneration in bone tissue engineering (BTE), the treatment and repair of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge worldwide. Inspired by the natural extracellular matrix of bone tissue, organic-inorganic composite scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) porous structures, sufficient mechanical properties, excellent cytocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and osteogenic potential have received considerable attention within the field of bone engineering. In this work, a novel epichlorohydrin (ECH)-crosslinked hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)/soy protein isolate (SPI) porous bi-component scaffold (EHSS) with hydroxyapatite (HAp) functionalization (EHSS/HAp) was constructed for bone defect repair via the combination of lyophilization and in situ biomimetic mineralization. Systematic characterization experiments were performed to assess the morphology, HAp-forming properties, mechanical properties and degradation rate of the scaffold. The results indicated that the prepared scaffolds exhibited an interconnected porous structure, a biomimetic HAp coating on their surfaces, improved mechanical properties in compression and a controllable degradation rate. In particular, semiquantitative analysis showed that the calcium/phosphorus (Ca/P) ratio of EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI content (1.65) was similar to that of natural bone tissue (1.67) according to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. In vitro cell culture experiments indicated that the EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI content showed improved cytocompatibility and was suitable for MC3T3-E1 cell attachment, proliferation and growth. Consistently, in vitro osteogenic differentiation studies showed that EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI content can significantly accelerate the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (Col-1, Runx2, OPN, and OCN) during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, when applied to the repair of critical-sized cranial defects in a rat model, EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI was capable of significantly promoting tissue regeneration and integration with native bone tissue. Microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT) results demonstrated that the bone defect site was nearly occupied with newly formed bone at 12 weeks after implantation of EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI content into the defect. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining of histological sections further confirmed that EHSS/HAp with 70% SPI markedly promoted new bone formation and maturation. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of EHSS/HAp scaffolds with 70% SPI for successful bone defect repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Lingfei Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanteng Zhao
- Department of Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Feifei Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yuanlong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune Related Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Spine Surgery and Musculoskeletal Tumor, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 168 Donghu Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China.
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11
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Catoira MC, González-Payo J, Fusaro L, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Natural hydrogels R&D process: technical and regulatory aspects for industrial implementation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:64. [PMID: 32696261 PMCID: PMC7374448 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since hydrogel therapies have been introduced into clinic treatment procedures, the biomedical industry has to face the technology transfer and the scale-up of the processes. This will be key in the roadmap of the new technology implementation. Transfer technology and scale-up are already known for some applications but other applications, such as 3D printing, are still challenging. Decellularized tissues offer a lot of advantages when compared to other natural gels, for example they display enhanced biological properties, due to their ability to preserve natural molecules. For this reason, even though their use as a source for bioinks represents a challenge for the scale-up process, it is very important to consider the advantages that originate with overcoming this challenge. Therefore, many aspects that influence the scaling of the industrial process should be considered, like the addition of drugs or cells to the hydrogel, also, the gelling process is important to determine the chemical and physical parameters that must be controlled in order to guarantee a successful process. Legal aspects are also crucial when carrying out the scale-up of the process since they determine the industrial implementation success from the regulatory point of view. In this context, the new law Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on biomedical devices will be considered. This review summarizes the different aspects, including the legal ones, that should be considered when scaling up hydrogels of natural origin, in order to balance these different aspects and to optimize the costs in terms of raw materials and engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Javier González-Payo
- Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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12
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Yousefi AM. A review of calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements as injectable materials for bone repair and implant fixation. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 17:2280800019872594. [PMID: 31718388 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019872594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects caused by trauma or disease is a major burden on human healthcare systems. Although autologous bone grafts are considered as the gold standard, they are limited in availability and are associated with post-operative complications. Minimally invasive alternatives using injectable bone cements are currently used in certain clinical procedures, such as vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty. Nevertheless, given the high incidence of fractures and pathologies that result in bone voids, there is an unmet need for injectable materials with desired properties for minimally invasive procedures. This paper provides an overview of the most common injectable bone cement materials for clinical use. The emphasis has been placed on calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements, while enabling the readers to compare the opportunities and challenges for these two classes of bone cements. This paper also briefly reviews antibiotic-loaded bone cements used in bone repair and implant fixation, including their efficacy and cost for healthcare systems. A summary of the current challenges and recommendations for future directions has been brought in the concluding section of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
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13
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Mansouri N, Al-Sarawi SF, Mazumdar J, Losic D. Advancing fabrication and properties of three-dimensional graphene-alginate scaffolds for application in neural tissue engineering. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36838-36848. [PMID: 35539075 PMCID: PMC9075535 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering provides enormous potential for restoring and improving the function of diseased/damaged tissues and promising opportunities in regenerative medicine, stem cell technology, and drug discovery. The conventional 2D cell cultures have many limitations to provide informative and realistic neural interactions and network formation. Hence, there is a need to develop three-dimensional (3D) bioscaffolds to facilitate culturing cells with matched microenvironment for cell growth and interconnected pores for penetration and migration of cells. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of 3D composite bioscaffolds based on graphene-biopolymer with porous structure and improved performance for tissue engineering. A simple, eco-friendly synthetic method is introduced and optimized for synthesis of this hybrid fibrous scaffold by combining Graphene Oxide (GO) and Sodium Alginate (Na-ALG) which are specifically selected to match the mechanical strength of the central nervous system (CNS) tissue and provide porous structure for connective tissue engineering. Properties of the developed scaffold in terms of the structure, porosity, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity are presented. These properties were optimised through key synthesis conditions including GO concentrations, reduction process and crosslinking time. In contrast to other studies, the presented structure maintains its stability in aqueous media and uses a bio-friendly reducing agent which enable the structure to enhance neuron cell interactions and act as nerve conduits for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Mansouri
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Said F Al-Sarawi
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Jagan Mazumdar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation, University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
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14
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Townsend JM, Beck EC, Gehrke SH, Berkland CJ, Detamore MS. Flow Behavior Prior to Crosslinking: The Need for Precursor Rheology for Placement of Hydrogels in Medical Applications and for 3D Bioprinting. Prog Polym Sci 2019; 91:126-140. [PMID: 31571701 PMCID: PMC6768569 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels - water swollen cross-linked networks - have demonstrated considerable promise in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, ambiguity over which rheological properties are needed to characterize these gels before crosslinking still exists. Most hydrogel research focuses on the performance of the hydrogel construct after implantation, but for clinical practice, and for related applications such as bioinks for 3D bioprinting, the behavior of the pre-gelled state is also critical. Therefore, the goal of this review is to emphasize the need for better rheological characterization of hydrogel precursor formulations, and standardized testing for surgical placement or 3D bioprinting. In particular, we consider engineering paste or putty precursor solutions (i.e., suspensions with a yield stress), and distinguish between these differences to ease the path to clinical translation. The connection between rheology and surgical application as well as how the use of paste and putty nomenclature can help to qualitatively identify material properties are explained. Quantitative rheological properties for defining materials as either pastes or putties are proposed to enable easier adoption to current methods. Specifically, the three-parameter Herschel-Bulkley model is proposed as a suitable model to correlate experimental data and provide a basis for meaningful comparison between different materials. This model combines a yield stress, the critical parameter distinguishing solutions from pastes (100-2000 Pa) and from putties (>2000 Pa), with power law fluid behavior once the yield stress is exceeded. Overall, successful implementation of paste or putty handling properties to the hydrogel precursor may minimize the surgeon-technology learning time and ultimately ease incorporation into current practice. Furthermore, improved understanding and reporting of rheological properties will lead to better theoretical explanations of how materials affect rheological performances, to better predict and design the next generation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob M. Townsend
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Emily C. Beck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stevin H. Gehrke
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Cory J. Berkland
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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15
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The Effect of the Thermosensitive Biodegradable PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA Copolymer on the Rheological, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Thixotropic Self-Hardening Tricalcium Phosphate Cement. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020391. [PMID: 30658476 PMCID: PMC6359562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current limitations of calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) used in the field of bone regeneration consist of their brittleness, low injectability, disintegration in body fluids and low biodegradability. Moreover, no method is currently available to measure the setting time of CPCs in correlation with the evolution of the setting reaction. The study proposes that it is possible to improve and tune the properties of CPCs via the addition of a thermosensitive, biodegradable, thixotropic copolymer based on poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA) which undergoes gelation under physiological conditions. The setting times of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) mixed with aqueous solutions of PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA determined by means of time-sweep curves revealed a lag phase during the dissolution of the α-TCP particles. The magnitude of the storage modulus at lag phase depends on the liquid to powder ratio, the copolymer concentration and temperature. A sharp increase in the storage modulus was observed at the time of the precipitation of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) crystals, representing the loss of paste workability. The PLGA⁻PEG⁻PLGA copolymer demonstrates the desired pseudoplastic rheological behaviour with a small decrease in shear stress and the rapid recovery of the viscous state once the shear is removed, thus preventing CPC phase separation and providing good cohesion. Preliminary cytocompatibility tests performed on human mesenchymal stem cells proved the suitability of the novel copolymer/α-TCP for the purposes of mini-invasive surgery.
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16
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Mestres G, Fernandez-Yague MA, Pastorino D, Montufar EB, Canal C, Manzanares-Céspedes MC, Ginebra MP. In vivo efficiency of antimicrobial inorganic bone grafts in osteomyelitis treatments. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 97:84-95. [PMID: 30678975 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to evaluate in vivo different antimicrobial therapies to eradicate osteomyelitis created in the femoral head of New Zealand rabbits. Five phosphate-based cements were evaluated: calcium phosphate cements (CPC) and calcium phosphate foams (CPF), both in their pristine form and loaded with doxycycline hyclate, and an intrinsic antimicrobial magnesium phosphate cement (MPC; not loaded with an antibiotic). The cements were implanted in a bone previously infected with Staphylococcus aureus to discern the effects of the type of antibiotic administration (systemic vs. local), porosity (microporosity, i.e. <5 μm vs. macroporosity, i.e. >5 μm) and type of antimicrobial mechanism (release of antibiotic vs. intrinsic antimicrobial activity) on the improvement of the health state of the infected animals. A new method was developed, with a more comprehensive composite score that integrates 5 parameters of bone infection, 4 parameters of bone structural integrity and 4 parameters of bone regeneration. This method was used to evaluate the health state of the infected animals, both before and after osteomyelitis treatment. The results showed that the composite score allows to discern statistically significant differences between treatments that individual evaluations were not able to identify. Despite none of the therapies completely eradicated the infection, it was observed that macroporous materials (CPF and CPFd, the latter loaded with doxycycline hyclate) and intrinsic antimicrobial MPC allowed a better containment of the osteomyelitis. This study provides novel insights to understand the effect of different antimicrobial therapies in vivo, and a promising comprehensive methodology to evaluate the health state of the animals was developed. We expect that the implementation of such methodology could improve the criteria to select a proper antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mestres
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M A Fernandez-Yague
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Pastorino
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E B Montufar
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Manzanares-Céspedes
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Barcelona, Spain; Growth factors and cellular differenciation (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, IDIBELL) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M P Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Dpt. Materials Science and Metallurgy, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Research Centre in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri i Reixach 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Abstract
Calcium phosphates have long been used as synthetic bone grafts. Recent studies have shown that the modulation of composition and textural properties, such as nano-, micro- and macro-porosity, is a powerful strategy to control and synchronize material resorption and bone formation.Biomimetic calcium phosphates, which closely mimic the composition and structure of bone mineral, can be produced using low-temperature processing routes, and offer the possibility to modulate the material properties to a larger extent than conventional high temperature sintering processes.Advanced technologies open up new possibilities in the design of bioceramics for bone regeneration; 3D-printing technologies, in combination with the development of hybrid materials with enhanced mechanical properties, supported by finite element modelling tools, are expected to enable the design and fabrication of mechanically competent patient-specific bone grafts.The association of ions, drugs and cells allows leveraging of the osteogenic potential of bioceramic scaffolds in compromised clinical situations, where the intrinsic bone regeneration potential is impaired. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170056.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain
| | - Montserrat Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain
| | - Yassine Maazouz
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Spain
- Mimetis Biomaterials, Spain
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18
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Ciapetti G, Di Pompo G, Avnet S, Martini D, Diez-Escudero A, Montufar EB, Ginebra MP, Baldini N. Osteoclast differentiation from human blood precursors on biomimetic calcium-phosphate substrates. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:102-113. [PMID: 27940198 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The design of synthetic bone grafts to foster bone formation is a challenge in regenerative medicine. Understanding the interaction of bone substitutes with osteoclasts is essential, since osteoclasts not only drive a timely resorption of the biomaterial, but also trigger osteoblast activity. In this study, the adhesion and differentiation of human blood-derived osteoclast precursors (OCP) on two different micro-nanostructured biomimetic hydroxyapatite materials consisting in coarse (HA-C) and fine HA (HA-F) crystals, in comparison with sintered stoichiometric HA (sin-HA, reference material), were investigated. Osteoclasts were induced to differentiate by RANKL-containing supernatant using cell/substrate direct and indirect contact systems, and calcium (Ca++) and phosphorus (P5+) in culture medium were measured. We observed that OCP adhered to the experimental surfaces, and that osteoclast-like cells formed at a rate influenced by the micro- and nano-structure of HA, which also modulate extracellular Ca++. Qualitative differences were found between OCP on biomimetic HA-C and HA-F and their counterparts on plastic and sin-HA. On HA-C and HA-F cells shared typical features of mature osteoclasts, i.e. podosomes, multinuclearity, tartrate acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive staining, and TRAP5b-enzyme release. However, cells were less in number compared to those on plastic or on sin-HA, and they did not express some specific osteoclast markers. In conclusion, blood-derived OCP are able to attach to biomimetic and sintered HA substrates, but their subsequent fusion and resorptive activity are hampered by surface micro-nano-structure. Indirect cultures suggest that fusion of OCP is sensitive to topography and to extracellular calcium. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The novelty of the paper is the differentiation of human blood-derived osteoclast precursors, instead of mouse-derived macrophages as used in most studies, directly on biomimetic micro-nano structured HA-based surfaces, as triggered by osteoblast-produced factors (RANKL/OPG), and influenced by chemistry and topography of the substrate(s). Biomimetic HA-surfaces, like those obtained in calcium phosphate cements, are very different from the conventional calcium phosphate ceramics, both in terms of topography and ion exchange. The role of these factors in modulating precursors' differentiation and activity is analysed. The system is closely reproducing the physiological process of attachment of host cells and further maturation to osteoclasts toward resorption of the substrate, which occurs in vivo after filling bone defects with the calcium phosphate grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ciapetti
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Desirée Martini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
| | - Anna Diez-Escudero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Edgar B Montufar
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy.
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19
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O'Neill R, McCarthy HO, Montufar EB, Ginebra MP, Wilson DI, Lennon A, Dunne N. Critical review: Injectability of calcium phosphate pastes and cements. Acta Biomater 2017; 50:1-19. [PMID: 27838464 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have seen clinical success in many dental and orthopaedic applications in recent years. The properties of CPC essential for clinical success are reviewed in this article, which includes properties of the set cement (e.g. bioresorbability, biocompatibility, porosity and mechanical properties) and unset cement (e.g. setting time, cohesion, flow properties and ease of delivery to the surgical site). Emphasis is on the delivery of calcium phosphate (CaP) pastes and CPC, in particular the occurrence of separation of the liquid and solid components of the pastes and cements during injection; and established methods to reduce this phase separation. In addition a review of phase separation mechanisms observed during the extrusion of other biphasic paste systems and the theoretical models used to describe these mechanisms are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Occurrence of phase separation of calcium phosphate pastes and cements during injection limits their full exploitation as a bone substitute in minimally invasive surgical applications. Due to lack of theoretical understanding of the phase separation mechanism(s), optimisation of an injectable CPC that satisfies clinical requirements has proven difficult. However, phase separation of pastes during delivery has been the focus across several research fields. Therefore in addition to a review of methods to reduce phase separation of CPC and the associated constraints, a review of phase separation mechanisms observed during extrusion of other pastes and the theoretical models used to describe these mechanisms is presented. It is anticipated this review will benefit future attempts to develop injectable calcium phosphate based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O'Neill
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
| | - H O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - E B Montufar
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C. Baldiri Reixach 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-P Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, C. Baldiri Reixach 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D I Wilson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, New Museums Site, Pembroke Street, University of Cambridge, CB2 3RA, United Kingdom
| | - A Lennon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AH, United Kingdom
| | - N Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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20
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Zhang YG, Zhu YJ, Chen F, Sun TW, Jiang YY. Ultralong hydroxyapatite microtubes: solvothermal synthesis and application in drug loading and sustained drug release. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce02394k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Zhong Q, Li W, Su X, Li G, Zhou Y, Kundu SC, Yao J, Cai Y. Degradation pattern of porous CaCO 3 and hydroxyapatite microspheres in vitro and in vivo for potential application in bone tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 143:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Zhang J, Liu W, Gauthier O, Sourice S, Pilet P, Rethore G, Khairoun K, Bouler JM, Tancret F, Weiss P. A simple and effective approach to prepare injectable macroporous calcium phosphate cement for bone repair: Syringe-foaming using a viscous hydrophilic polymeric solution. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:326-338. [PMID: 26631875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a simple and effective strategy to prepare injectable macroporous calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) by syringe-foaming via hydrophilic viscous polymeric solution, such as using silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Si-HPMC) as a foaming agent. The Si-HPMC foamed CPCs demonstrate excellent handling properties such as injectability and cohesion. After hardening the foamed CPCs possess hierarchical macropores and their mechanical properties (Young's modulus and compressive strength) are comparable to those of cancellous bone. Moreover, a preliminary in vivo study in the distal femoral sites of rabbits was conducted to evaluate the biofunctionality of this injectable macroporous CPC. The evidence of newly formed bone in the central zone of implantation site indicates the feasibility and effectiveness of this foaming strategy that will have to be optimized by further extensive animal experiments. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A major challenge in the design of biomaterial-based injectable bone substitutes is the development of cohesive, macroporous and self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) that enables rapid cell invasion with adequate initial mechanical properties without the use of complex processing and additives. Thus, we propose a simple and effective strategy to prepare injectable macroporous CPCs through syringe-foaming using a hydrophilic viscous polymeric solution (silanized-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, Si-HPMC) as a foaming agent, that simultaneously meets all the aforementioned aims. Evidence from our in vivo studies shows the existence of newly formed bone within the implantation site, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of this foaming strategy, which could be used in various CPC systems using other hydrophilic viscous polymeric solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Zhang
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Olivier Gauthier
- ONIRIS - Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Nantes, Atlanpole-La Chantrerie, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Sophie Sourice
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Paul Pilet
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France
| | - Gildas Rethore
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France
| | - Khalid Khairoun
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - Jean-Michel Bouler
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, CNRS UMR 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Franck Tancret
- Université de Nantes, Polytech Nantes, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS UMR 6502, Rue Christian Pauc, BP 50609, 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- Université de Nantes, INSERM UMRS 791, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Ostéo-Articulaire et Dentaire, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, BP 84215, 44042 Nantes Cedex 1, France; CHU de Nantes, Nantes University Hospital, PHU 4 OTONN, 1 Pl A. Ricordeau Nantes, France.
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Nivedhitha Sundaram M, Deepthi S, Jayakumar R. Chitosan-Gelatin Composite Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering. SPRINGER SERIES ON POLYMER AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-81-322-2511-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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24
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Tansaz S, Boccaccini AR. Biomedical applications of soy protein: A brief overview. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:553-69. [PMID: 26402327 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soy protein (SP) based materials are gaining increasing interest for biomedical applications because of their tailorable biodegradability, abundance, being relatively inexpensive, exhibiting low immunogenicity, and for being structurally similar to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Analysis of the available literature indicates that soy protein can be fabricated into different shapes, being relatively easy to be processed by solvent or melt based techniques. Furthermore soy protein can be blended with other synthetic and natural polymers and with inorganic materials to improve the mechanical properties and the bioactive behavior for several demands. This review discusses succinctly the biomedical applications of SP based materials focusing on processing methods, properties and applications highlighting future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tansaz
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr.6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr.6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Cuzmar E, Perez RA, Manzanares MC, Ginebra MP, Franch J. In Vivo Osteogenic Potential of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Microspheres: Comparison with Injectable Cement Pastes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131188. [PMID: 26132468 PMCID: PMC4488499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteogenic capacity of biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite microspheres with and without collagen obtained by emulsification of a calcium phosphate cement paste has been evaluated in an in vivo model, and compared with an injectable calcium phosphate cement with the same composition. The materials were implanted into a 5 mm defect in the femur condyle of rabbits, and bone formation was assessed after 1 and 3 months. The histological analysis revealed that the cements presented cellular activity only in the margins of the material, whereas each one of the individual microspheres was covered with osteogenic cells. Consequently, bone ingrowth was enhanced by the microspheres, with a tenfold increase compared to the cement, which was associated to the higher accessibility for the cells provided by the macroporous network between the microspheres, and the larger surface area available for osteoconduction. No significant differences were found in terms of bone formation associated with the presence of collagen in the materials, although a more extensive erosion of the collagen-containing microspheres was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cuzmar
- Medicine and Animal Surgery Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), V Building, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Veterinarian Clinical Science Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile. Fundo Teja Norte, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Roman A. Perez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Avda. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics Department, University of Barcelona (UB), C/ Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Avda. Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jordi Franch
- Medicine and Animal Surgery Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), V Building, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Li Y, Yang W, Li X, Zhang X, Wang C, Meng X, Pei Y, Fan X, Lan P, Wang C, Li X, Guo Z. Improving osteointegration and osteogenesis of three-dimensional porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds by polydopamine-assisted biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5715-24. [PMID: 25711714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Titanium alloys with various porous structures can be fabricated by advanced additive manufacturing techniques, which are attractive for use as scaffolds for bone defect repair. However, modification of the scaffold surfaces, particularly inner surfaces, is critical to improve the osteointegration of these scaffolds. In this study, a biomimetic approach was employed to construct polydopamine-assisted hydroxyapatite coating (HA/pDA) onto porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds fabricated by the electron beam melting method. The surface modification was characterized with the field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, water contact angle measurement, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Attachment and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the scaffold surface were significantly enhanced by the HA/pDA coating compared to the unmodified surfaces. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 cells grown on the HA/pDA-coated Ti6Al4V scaffolds displayed significantly higher expression of runt-related transcription factor-2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and collagen type-1 compared with bare Ti6Al4V scaffolds after culture for 14 days. Moreover, microcomputed tomography analysis and Van-Gieson staining of histological sections showed that HA/pDA coating on surfaces of porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds enhanced osteointegration and significantly promoted bone regeneration after implantation in rabbit femoral condylar defects for 4 and 12 weeks. Therefore, this study provides an alternative to biofunctionalized porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds with improved osteointegration and osteogenesis functions for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhang
- ‡Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Cairu Wang
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Pei
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Fan
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingheng Lan
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- †Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
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