1
|
Han W, Liu F, Muhammad M, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Application of biomacromolecule-based passive penetration enhancement technique in superficial tumor therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132745. [PMID: 38823734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has shown great promise in superficial tumor therapy due to its noninvasive and avoidance of the first-pass effect. Especially, passive penetration enhancement technique (PPET) provides the technical basis for TDD by temporarily altering the skin surface structure without requiring external energy. Biomacromolecules and their derived nanocarriers offer a wide range of options for PPET development, with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability. Furthermore, the abundant functional groups on biomacromolecule surfaces can be modified to yield functional materials capable of targeting specific sites and responding to stimuli. This enables precise drug delivery to the tumor site and controlled drug release, with the potential to replace traditional drug delivery methods and make PPET-related personalized medicine a reality. This review focuses on the mechanism of biomacromolecules and nanocarriers with skin, and the impact of nanocarriers' surface properties of nanocarriers on PPET efficiency. The applications of biomacromolecule-based PPET in superficial tumor therapy are also summarized. In addition, the advantages and limitations are discussed, and their future trends are projected based on the existing work of biomacromolecule-based PPET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Mehdi Muhammad
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Molkenova A, Choi HE, Lee G, Baek H, Kwon M, Lee SB, Park J, Kim J, Han D, Park J, Hahn SK, Kim KS. Cold-Responsive Hyaluronated Upconversion Nanoplatform for Transdermal Cryo-Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306684. [PMID: 38482992 PMCID: PMC11109644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cryotherapy leverages controlled freezing temperature interventions to engender a cascade of tumor-suppressing effects. However, its bottleneck lies in the standalone ineffectiveness. A promising strategy is using nanoparticle therapeutics to augment the efficacy of cryotherapy. Here, a cold-responsive nanoplatform composed of upconversion nanoparticles coated with silica - chlorin e6 - hyaluronic acid (UCNPs@SiO2-Ce6-HA) is designed. This nanoplatform is employed to integrate cryotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in order to improve skin cancer treatment efficacy in a synergistic manner. The cryotherapy appeared to enhance the upconversion brightness by suppressing the thermal quenching. The low-temperature treatment afforded a 2.45-fold enhancement in the luminescence of UCNPs and a 3.15-fold increase in the photodynamic efficacy of UCNPs@SiO2-Ce6-HA nanoplatforms. Ex vivo tests with porcine skins and the subsequent validation in mouse tumor tissues revealed the effective HA-mediated transdermal delivery of designed nanoplatforms to deep tumor tissues. After transdermal delivery, in vivo photodynamic therapy using the UCNPs@SiO2-Ce6-HA nanoplatforms resulted in the optimized efficacy of 79% in combination with cryotherapy. These findings underscore the Cryo-PDT as a truly promising integrated treatment paradigm and warrant further exploring the synergistic interplay between cryotherapy and PDT with bright upconversion to unlock their full potential in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anara Molkenova
- School of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Organic Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Organic MaterialsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Eun Choi
- School of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Organic Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Organic MaterialsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Gibum Lee
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Baek
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kwon
- School of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Organic Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Organic MaterialsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Organic Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Organic MaterialsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong‐Min Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hyuk Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Wook Han
- Department of Cogno‐Mechatronics EngineeringBIO‐IT Fusion Technology Research InstitutePusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological EngineeringCollege of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)Pohang37673Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Su Kim
- School of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Organic Materials Science and EngineeringInstitute for Advanced Organic MaterialsPusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fu C, Brand HS, Bikker FJ. The applications of carbon dots in oral health: A scoping review. Oral Dis 2024; 30:1861-1872. [PMID: 37530494 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the research and potential applications of carbon dots (CDs) for oral health purposes. DESIGN Systematic literature searches were performed on PubMed and Web of Science databases (up to February 2023). Two co-authors selected the published works independently and extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Studies with the application of CDs for oral health purposes were included. RESULTS Among 152 articles, 19 articles were finally selected. Eight studies investigated the anti-microbial effects of CDs against, for example, oral pathogens, eight studies explored the applicability of CDs in relation to oral cancer, and three studies investigated CDs in relation to cell differentiation and tissue regeneration in oral health. The studies showed the promising potential of CDs in oral health, particularly for inducing bacterial killing by increasing reactive oxygen species, killing oral cancer cells via photodynamic therapeutic effects, and inducing dental pulp and periodontal bone regeneration. CONCLUSION The findings show that CDs have the potential to be utilized in the future for various oral health purposes. Besides, these results underline the broad-spectrum applicability of CDs, crossing the borders of oral health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Fu
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk S Brand
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han J, Choi S, Hong J, Gang D, Lee S, Shin K, Ko J, Kim JU, Hwang NS, An YH, Gu M, Kim SH. Superoxide Dismutase-Mimetic Polyphenol-Based Carbon Dots for Multimodal Bioimaging and Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38686704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyphenols have been investigated for their potential to mitigate inflammation in the context of atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-based carbon dots (EGCG@CDs) were developed to enhance transdermal penetration, reduce inflammation, recapitulate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and provide antimicrobial effects for AD treatment. The water-soluble EGCG@CDs in a few nanometers size exhibit a negative zeta potential, making them suitable for effective transdermal penetration. The fluorescence properties, including an upconversion effect, make EGCG@CDs suitable imaging probes for both in vitro and in vivo applications. By mimicking the SOD enzyme, EGCG@CDs scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and actively produce hydrogen peroxide through a highly catalytic capability toward the oxygen reduction reaction, resulting in the inhibition of bacterial growth. The enhanced antioxidant properties, high charge mobility, and various functional groups of EGCG@CDs prove effective in reducing intracellular ROS in an in vitro AD model. In the mouse AD model, EGCG@CDs incorporated into a hydrogel actively penetrated the epidermal layer, leading to ROS scavenging, reduced mast cell activation, and histological recovery of skin barriers. This research represents the versatile potential of EGCG@CDs in addressing AD and advancing tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeong Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Shin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Program in Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Uk Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Bio-MAX/N-Bio, Institute of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR), Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun L, Zhao Y, Peng H, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Yan J, Liu Y, Guo S, Wu X, Li B. Carbon dots as a novel photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy of cancer and bacterial infectious diseases: recent advances. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:210. [PMID: 38671474 PMCID: PMC11055261 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are novel carbon-based nanomaterials that have been used as photosensitizer-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in recent years due to their good photosensitizing activity. Photosensitizers (PSs) are main components of PDT that can produce large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) when stimulated by light source, which have the advantages of low drug resistance and high therapeutic efficiency. CDs can generate ROS efficiently under irradiation and therefore have been extensively studied in disease local phototherapy. In tumor therapy, CDs can be used as PSs or PS carriers to participate in PDT and play an extremely important role. In bacterial infectious diseases, CDs exhibit high bactericidal activity as CDs are effective in disrupting bacterial cell membranes leading to bacterial death upon photoactivation. We focus on recent advances in the therapy of cancer and bacteria with CDs, and also briefly summarize the mechanisms and requirements for PSs in PDT of cancer, bacteria and other diseases. We also discuss the role CDs play in combination therapy and the potential for future applications against other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyi Peng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Susu Guo
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li H, Dou Y, Yang H, Xing H, Zhu C, Wang T, Xuan Z, Yang M. Ce6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots as multifunctional nanoplatform for ferroptosis and photodynamic synergistic therapy of melanoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:100. [PMID: 38462597 PMCID: PMC10924998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the higher sensitivity of melanoma towards ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT), the lack of efficient ferroptosis inducers and the poor solubility of photosensitizers restrict their synergistic strategies. With unique advantages, carbon dots (CDs) are expected to serve as innovative building blocks for combination therapy of cancers. RESULTS Herein, an ferroptosis/PDT integrated nanoplatform for melanoma therapy is constructed based on chlorin e6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs@Ce6). As a novel type of iron-carbon hybrid nanoparticles, the as-prepared Fe-CDs can selectively activate ferroptosis, prevent angiogenesis and inhibit the migration of mouse skin melanoma cells (B16), but have no toxicity to normal cells. The nano-conjugated structures facilitate not only the aqueous dispersibility of Ce6, but also the self-accumulation ability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 within melanoma area without requiring extra targets. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of Fe-CDs@Ce6 are synergistically enhanced due to the increased GSH depletion by PDT and the elevated singlet oxygen (1O2) production efficiency by Fe-CDs. When combined with laser irradiation, the tumor growth can be significantly suppressed by Fe-CDs@Ce6 through cyclic administration. The T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 also reveals their potentials for cancer diagnosis and navigation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the multifunctionality of Fe-CDs@Ce6 in effectively combining ferroptosis/PDT therapy, tumor targeting and MRI imaging, which enables Fe-CDs@Ce6 to become promising biocompatible nanoplatform for the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Dou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Xing
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaopeng Xuan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soliman AH, Youness RA, Sebak AA, Handoussa H. Phytochemical-derived tumor-associated macrophage remodeling strategy using Phoenix dactylifera L. boosted photodynamic therapy in melanoma via H19/iNOS/PD-L1 axis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103792. [PMID: 37689125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a barrier to PDT efficacy among melanoma patients. The aim of this study is to employ a novel muti-tactic TME-remodeling strategy via repolarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the main TME immune cells in melanoma, from the pro-tumor M2 into the antitumor M1 phenotype using Phoenix dactylifera L. (date palm) in combination with PDT. METHODS Screening of different date cultivars was employed to choose extracts of selective toxicity to melanoma and TAMs, not normal macrophages. Potential extracts were then fractionated and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Finally, the efficacy and the potential molecular mechanism of the co-treatment were portrayed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS Initial screening resulted in the selection of the two Phoenix dactylifera L. cultivars Safawi and Sukkari methanolic extracts. Sukkari showed superior capacity to revert TAM phenotype into M1 as well as more prominent upregulation of M1 markers and repression of melanoma immunosuppressive markers relative to positive control (resiquimod). Molecularly, it was shown that PDT of melanoma cells in the presence of the secretome of repolarized TAMs surpassed the monotherapy via the modulation of the H19/iNOS/PD-L1immune-regulatory axis. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential utilization of nutraceuticals in combination with PDT in the treatment of melanoma to provide a dual activity through alleviating the immune suppressive TME and potentiating the anti-tumor responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aya H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Main Entrance El Tagamoa El Khames, New Cairo 11511, Egypt.
| | - Rana A Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Main Entrance El Tagamoa El Khames, New Cairo 11511, Egypt; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University, New Administrative Capital, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aya A Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo 11511, Egypt.
| | - Heba Handoussa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Main Entrance El Tagamoa El Khames, New Cairo 11511, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao T, Xu Y, Liu R, Shang X, Huang C, Dong W, Long M, Zou B, Wang X, Li G, Shen Y, Liu T, Tang B. Molecular Engineering Design of Enhanced Donor-Acceptor Therapeutic Reagent for Efficient Image-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301035. [PMID: 37450348 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The greatest barrier to the further development and clinical application of tumor image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT), is the inconsistency between the fluorescence intensity and singlet oxygen generation yield of the photosensitizer under light excitation. Herein, a novel donor-acceptor (D-A) system is designed from the point of molecular selection by wrapping a classical porphyrin molecule (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylphorphyrin, H2 TPP) as an acceptor into conjugated polymer (Poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylpheny)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine], ADS254BE) as a donor through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, which exhibits bright red emission centered at 650 nm (quantum yield, 0.12), relatively large Stoke shift of 276 nm, enhanced singlet oxygen generation rate of 0.73, and excellent photostability. The investigations on distribution and killing effect of nanomaterials in cancer cells reveal that ADS254BE/H2 TPP NPs can accumulate in the cytoplasm for imaging while simultaneously producing a large amount of singlet oxygen to remarkably kill cancer cells, which can be used for real-time image-guided PDT. In the xenograft tumor model, real-time imaging and long-term tracing in tumor tissue with ADS254BE/H2 TPP NPs disclose that the growth of lung cancer in mice can be effectively inhibited during in situ imaging. From the standpoint of molecular engineering design, this work provides a feasible strategy for novel D-A systems to improve the development of image-guided PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ciyuan Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Wuqi Dong
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Min Long
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xianwen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School, of Basic Medical Sciences, Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education; School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han W, Liu F, Li Y, Liu G, Li H, Xu Y, Sun S. Advances in Natural Polymer-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems for Tumor Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301670. [PMID: 37098629 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to traditional oral and intravenous injections with limited efficacy, transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has shown great promise in tumor treatment. Over the past decade, natural polymers have been designed into various nanocarriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and easy availability, providing more options for TDD. In addition, surface functionalization modification of the rich functional groups of natural polymers, which in turn are developed into targeted and stimulus-responsive functional materials, allows precise delivery of drugs to tumor sites and release of drugs in response to specific stimuli. It not only improves the treatment efficiency of tumor but also reduces the toxic and side effects to normal tissues. Therefore, the development of natural polymer-based TDD (NPTDD) systems has great potential in tumor therapy. In this review, the mechanism of NPTDD systems such as penetration enhancers, nanoparticles, microneedles, hydrogels and nanofibers prepared from hyaluronic acid, chitosan, sodium alginate, cellulose, heparin and protein, and their applications in tumor therapy are overviewed. This review also outlines the future prospects and current challenges of NPTDD systems for local treatment tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuyao Li
- Nursing College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yongqian Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050018, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jovanović S, Marković Z, Budimir M, Prekodravac J, Zmejkoski D, Kepić D, Bonasera A, Marković BT. Lights and Dots toward Therapy-Carbon-Based Quantum Dots as New Agents for Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041170. [PMID: 37111655 PMCID: PMC10145889 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The large number of deaths induced by carcinoma and infections indicates that the need for new, better, targeted therapy is higher than ever. Apart from classical treatments and medication, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the possible approaches to cure these clinical conditions. This strategy offers several advantages, such as lower toxicity, selective treatment, faster recovery time, avoidance of systemic toxic effects, and others. Unfortunately, there is a small number of agents that are approved for usage in clinical PDT. Novel, efficient, biocompatible PDT agents are, thus, highly desired. One of the most promising candidates is represented by the broad family of carbon-based quantum dots, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), carbon quantum dots (CQDs), carbon nanodots (CNDs), and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). In this review paper, these new smart nanomaterials are discussed as potential PDT agents, detailing their toxicity in the dark, and when they are exposed to light, as well as their effects on carcinoma and bacterial cells. The photoinduced effects of carbon-based quantum dots on bacteria and viruses are particularly interesting, since dots usually generate several highly toxic reactive oxygen species under blue light. These species are acting as bombs on pathogen cells, causing various devastating and toxic effects on those targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Jovanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Prekodravac
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Zmejkoski
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Kepić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Palermo Research Unit, Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo and Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Biljana Todorović Marković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jin D, Zhu Y, Liu M, Yu W, Yu J, Zheng X, Wang L, Wu Y, Wei K, Cheng J, Liu Y. A Leaking-Proof Theranostic Nanoplatform for Tumor-Targeted and Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0015. [PMID: 37849678 PMCID: PMC10085250 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: A protein-based leaking-proof theranostic nanoplatform for dual-modality imaging-guided tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been designed. Impact Statement: A site-specific conjugation of chlorin e6 (Ce6) to ferrimagnetic ferritin (MFtn-Ce6) has been constructed to address the challenge of unexpected leakage that often occurs during small-molecule drug delivery. Introduction: PDT is one of the most promising approaches for tumor treatment, while a delivery system is typically required for hydrophobic photosensitizers. However, the nonspecific distribution and leakage of photosensitizers could lead to insufficient drug accumulation in tumor sites. Methods: An engineered ferritin was generated for site-specific conjugation of Ce6 to obtain a leaking-proof delivery system, and a ferrimagnetic core was biomineralized in the cavity of ferritin, resulting in a fluorescent ferrimagnetic ferritin nanoplatform (MFtn-Ce6). The distribution and tumor targeting of MFtn-Ce6 can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI). Results: MFtn-Ce6 showed effective dual-modality MRI and FLI. A prolonged in vivo circulation and increased tumor accumulation and retention of photosensitizer was observed. The time-dependent distribution of MFtn-Ce6 can be precisely tracked in real time to find the optimal time window for PDT treatment. The colocalization of ferritin and the iron oxide core confirms the high stability of the nanoplatform in vivo. The results showed that mice treated with MFtn-Ce6 exhibited marked tumor-suppressive activity after laser irradiation. Conclusion: The ferritin-based leaking-proof nanoplatform can be used for the efficient delivery of the photosensitizer to achieve an enhanced therapeutic effect. This method established a general approach for the dual-modality imaging-guided tumor delivery of PDT agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Manman Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Wenxin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Jiaji Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xinwei Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yun Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kaiju Wei
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Z, Zhao Z, Cheng H, Shen Y, Xie A, Zhu M. In-situ fabrication of novel Au nanoclusters-Cu 2+@sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid nanohybrid gels for cuproptosis enhanced photothermal/photodynamic/chemodynamic therapy via tumor microenvironment regulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:215-228. [PMID: 36933468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal combined therapy (MCT) is an emerging avenue to eliminate tumor cells by the synergistic effect of various therapeutic methods. However, the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) is becoming the key barrier to the therapeutic effect of MCT due to the excessive existence of H+ ions, H2O2, and glutathione (GSH), the lack of O2, and the relaxation of ferroptosis. To overcome these limitations, smart nanohybrid gels with excellent biocompatibility, stability and targeting function were prepared by using gold nanoclusters as cores and an in situ cross-linking composite gel of sodium alginate (SA)/hyaluronic acid (HA) as the shell. The obtained Au NCs-Cu2+@SA-HA core-shell nanohybrid gels possessed near-infrared light response synergistically benefitting photothermal imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Meanwhile, the H+-triggered release of Cu2+ ions from the nanohybrid gels not only induces cuproptosis to avoid the relaxation of ferroptosis, but also catalyzes H2O2 in the TME to generate O2 to simultaneously improve the hypoxic microenvironment and PDT effect. Furthermore, the released Cu2+ ions could consume the excessive GSH to form Cu+ ions effectively, which caused the formation of hydroxyl free radicals (·OH) to kill tumor cells, synergistically realizing GSH consumption-enhanced PDT and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Hence, the novel design in our work provides another research avenue for cuproptosis-enhanced PTT/PDT/CDT via TME modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Biomass Conversion and Pollution Prevention of Anhui Educational Institutions, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, PR China
| | - Zhou Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Hanlong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yuhua Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Anjian Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jing HH, Bardakci F, Akgöl S, Kusat K, Adnan M, Alam MJ, Gupta R, Sahreen S, Chen Y, Gopinath SCB, Sasidharan S. Green Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14010027. [PMID: 36662074 PMCID: PMC9863160 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new category of crystalline, quasi-spherical fluorescence, "zero-dimensional" carbon nanomaterials with a spatial size between 1 nm to 10 nm and have gained widespread attention in recent years. Green CDs are carbon dots synthesised from renewable biomass such as agro-waste, plants or medicinal plants and other organic biomaterials. Plant-mediated synthesis of CDs is a green chemistry approach that connects nanotechnology with the green synthesis of CDs. Notably, CDs made with green technology are economical and far superior to those manufactured with physicochemical methods due to their exclusive benefits, such as being affordable, having high stability, having a simple protocol, and being safer and eco-benign. Green CDs can be synthesized by using ultrasonic strategy, chemical oxidation, carbonization, solvothermal and hydrothermal processes, and microwave irradiation using various plant-based organic resources. CDs made by green technology have diverse applications in biomedical fields such as bioimaging, biosensing and nanomedicine, which are ascribed to their unique properties, including excellent luminescence effect, strong stability and good biocompatibility. This review mainly focuses on green CDs synthesis, characterization techniques, beneficial properties of plant resource-based green CDs and their biomedical applications. This review article also looks at the research gaps and future research directions for the continuous deepening of the exploration of green CDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hui Jing
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sinan Akgöl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Kevser Kusat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, DokuzEylül University, Izmir 35390, Turkey
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Sumaira Sahreen
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yeng Chen
- Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Subash C. B. Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-12-532-3462; Fax: +60-4-653-4803
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 on Canine Tumors. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122102. [PMID: 36556469 PMCID: PMC9782963 DOI: 10.3390/life12122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to prepare pure Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and establish Ce6-mediated photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) as a better therapy option for canine tumors as well as mouse tumor models. Five dogs suffering from various cancers were treated with Ce6-PDT from one to several times. After receiving the Ce6 (2.5 mg/kg) for 3 h, tumors were illuminated superficially or interstitially with 660 nm light. Two dogs underwent Ce6-guided fluorescence imaging by photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by the 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blot assay, respectively. Ce6-PDT efficacy was also determined using melanoma and pancreatic cancer mouse models. Two veterinary patients with mammary carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma had their tumors significantly diminished and showed improved health after receiving Ce6-PDT. Moreover, in the cases of canine tumors, the adjunctive use of Ce6-PDD revealed cancers that were not visible with white light viewing and provided a visual contrast from surrounding tissues. Also, in vivo, Ce6-PDT remarkably reduced melanoma and pancreatic tumors in the mouse model. These findings could pave the way for a better understanding of the underlying processes of Ce6-PDT, making it an effective and safe candidate for use in human and veterinary applications to abolish various cancers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Amal NM, Shiddiq M, Armynah B, Tahir D. High reactive oxygen species produced from fluorescence carbon dots for anticancer and photodynamic therapies: A review. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:2006-2017. [PMID: 36136299 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-photoluminescence carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from various sources and various methods using two approaches, namely bottom up and top down, with emission-dependent excitation wavelength. Electronic transition from the higher-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) state to the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO) state, surface defect states, wider excitation spectrum, higher quantum yield, efficient energy transfer, and element doping affected the fluorescence properties of CDs. Using 102 references listed in this review, the authors studied the relationship between fluorescence mechanism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and materials anticancer applications. We described how the radical atom or ROS work as anticancer therapy and PDT and described the chemical reaction of high-resolution fluorescence CDs. We summarized experimental techniques that are used for producing CDs and discussed their characteristics. Finally, conclusions and future prospects in this field are also discussed. The important characteristics of CD-based design for high ROS may usher in new prospects and challenges for high efficiency and stability of PDT and anticancer therapy. In conclusion, we have provided perspectives and challenges of the future development of CD s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhandis Shiddiq
- Research Center for Physics, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Puspiptek, Banten, Indonesia
| | | | - Dahlang Tahir
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mitochondrion, lysosome, and endoplasmic reticulum: Which is the best target for phototherapy? J Control Release 2022; 351:692-702. [PMID: 36150580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a robust cancer treatment modality, and the precise spatiotemporal control of its subcellular action site is crucial for its effectiveness. However, accurate comparison of the efficacy of different organelle-targeted PDT approaches is challenging since it is difficult to find a single system that can achieve separate targeting of different organelles with separable time windows and similar binding amounts. Herein, we conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-5000] (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG5000-NH2) to afford DSPE-PEG-Ce6, which could migrate from mitochondrion to lysosome and ultimately to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) after cellular internalization. Benefiting from the dynamic subcellular distribution of DSPE-PEG-Ce6 with tunable organelle-binding amounts, we accurately determined the PDT efficacy order of the molecule, i.e., mitochondrion > ER > lysosome. This work proposes an ideal model system for accurately evaluating the specific organelle-targeted PDT efficacy and may promote the future development of effective PDT strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li B, Fu Y, Xie M, Feng L, Niu X, Que L, You Z. Gold-based nanoparticles realize photothermal and photodynamic synergistic treatment of liver cancer and improve the anaerobic tumor microenvironment under near-infrared light. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:957349. [PMID: 36061429 PMCID: PMC9428131 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.957349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to solve the different pains caused by traditional cancer treatment methods such as surgical treatment, the nano-drug delivery system provides new ideas for cancer treatment. In this paper, a novel anti-tumor therapy nanoparticle, P(AAm-co-AN)-AuNRs@CeO2-Ce6(PA/Ce6), is prepared, which provides a novel idea for liver cancer treatment. The CeO2-coated gold nanorods were grafted onto the surface of the temperature-sensitive polymer P(AAm-co-AN)-CTPD. The photosensitizer Ce6 is loaded on the surface of the nanoparticles and the polymer layer. CeO2 can effectively alleviate the tumor anaerobic microenvironment, and under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) excitation, the gold nanorods achieve photothermal conversion to induce local heating, which leads to the phase transition of the polymer layer and realizes a controllable release mechanism. In addition, 660 nm NIR light can effectively induce Ce6 to produce singlet oxygen, thereby effectively killing cancer cells. Under the 808 nm laser irradiation within 600 s, the PA/Ce6 solution can heat up to about 60°C, which was enough to ablate both cancer cells and tumor tissues. When the temperature was 50°C, the cumulative release rate of Ce6 was 95.31%. Under the 808 nm laser irradiation, oxygen production capacity of PA/Ce6 was higher and can effectively reduce the content of hydrogen peroxide in cancer cells. Compared to free Ce6, the reactive oxygen species-mediated fluorescence of PA/Ce6 nanoparticles was greater. The cell viability and migration of HepG2 cells were decreased after the 660 and 880 nm lasers were irradiated at the same time. The cancer cells were further inhibited, showing a good in vitro anti-tumor effect. PA-DOX showed the best tumor growth inhibitory effect under NIR laser irradiation and had no acute toxicity in vivo. Due to the existence of AuNRs, nanoparticles had high-efficiency photothermal conversion ability to achieve photothermal therapy. Ce6 can generate singlet oxygen under the excitation of 660 nm laser to realize photodynamic therapy. The experimental results also showed that PA/Ce6 can effectively decompose hydrogen peroxide under laser irradiation, aiming to effectively alleviate the anaerobic microenvironment of tumors. These indicate that PA/Ce6 plays a promising role for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Maodi Xie
- West Chia-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoya Niu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Que
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen You
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhen You,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumari S, Choudhary PK, Shukla R, Sahebkar A, Kesharwani P. Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1435-1468. [PMID: 35294334 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2054399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin-cancer (SC) is more common than all other cancers affecting large percentage of the population in the world and is increasing in terms of morbidity and mortality. In the United States, 3million people are affected by SC annually whereas millions of people are affected globally. Melanoma is fifth most common cancer in the United States. SC is commonly occurred in white people as per WHO. SC is divided into two groups, i.e. melanoma and non-melanoma. In the previous two decades, management of cancer remains to be a tough and a challenging task for many scholars. Presently, the treatment protocols are mostly based on surgery and chemo-radiation therapy, which sooner or later harm the unaffected cells too. To reduce these limitations, nano scaled materials and its extensive range may be recognized as the probable carriers for the selective drug delivery in response to cancerous cells. Recently, the nanocarriers based drugs and their combinations were found to be a new and interesting approach of study for the management of skin carcinoma to enhance the effectiveness, to lessen the dose-dependent side effects and to avoid the drug resistance. This review may emphasize on the wide-range of information on nanotechnology-based drugs and their combination with physical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kumari
- Department of Biochemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu Z, Li H, Tian Z, Liu X, Guo Y, He J, Wang Z, Zhou T, Liu Y. Porphyrin-Based Nanoparticles: A Promising Phototherapy Platform. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200156. [PMID: 35997087 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, is an emerging form of non-invasive treatment. The combination of imaging technology and phototherapy is becoming an attractive development in the treatment of cancer, as it allows for highly effective therapeutic results through image-guided phototherapy. Porphyrins have attracted significant interest in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer due to their excellent phototherapeutic effects in phototherapy and their remarkable imaging capabilities in fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. However, porphyrins suffer from poor water solubility, low near-infrared absorption and insufficient tumor accumulation. The development of nanotechnology provides an effective way to improve the bioavailability, phototherapeutic effect and imaging capability of porphyrins. This review highlights the research results of porphyrin-based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy and image-guided phototherapy in the last decade and discusses the challenges and directions for the development of porphyrin-based small molecule nanoparticles in phototherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Zejie Tian
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Yunmei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, 421001, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu P, Wang S, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Li W, Wang Y, Yan X, Luo D. Carbon Dots in Biomedicine: A Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2031-2045. [PMID: 35442016 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of science and technology, the effective treatment of cancer still threatens human life and health. However, the success of cancer treatment is closely related to early diagnosis, identification, and effective treatment. In recent years, with the strengthening of the development and research of nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment, researchers have found that carbon dots (CDs) have the advantages of wide absorption, excellent biocompatibility, diverse imaging characteristics, and photostability and are widely used in various fields, such as sensing, imaging, and drug/gene transportation. Recently, researchers also discovered that CDs could be used as an effective photosensitizer to generate active oxygen or convert light energy into heat under the stimulation of the external lasers, making them have the effects of photothermal and photodynamic therapy for cancer. In this review, we first outline the single-modal and multimodal imaging analysis of CDs in cancer cells. After introducing diversified imaging functions, we focused on the design and the latest research progress of CDs in phototherapy and introduced in detail the strategies of CDs in phototherapy treatment and the challenges faced by clinical applications. We hope that this overview can provide important insights for researchers and accelerate the pace of research on CDs in imaging-guided phototherapy treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peide Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China.,College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yinping Liu
- College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Dixian Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen 518000, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen Y, Du F, Tang L, Xu J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Li M, Shen J, Wen Q, Cho CH, Xiao Z. Carboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:400-416. [PMID: 35141397 PMCID: PMC8807988 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carborane is a carbon-boron molecular cluster that can be viewed as a 3D analog of benzene. It features special physical and chemical properties, and thus has the potential to serve as a new type of pharmacophore for drug design and discovery. Based on the relative positions of two cage carbons, icosahedral closo-carboranes can be classified into three isomers, ortho-carborane (o-carborane, 1,2-C2B10H12), meta-carborane (m-carborane, 1,7-C2B10H12), and para-carborane (p-carborane, 1,12-C2B10H12), and all of them can be deboronated to generate their nido- forms. Cage compound carborane and its derivatives have been demonstrated as useful chemical entities in antitumor medicinal chemistry. The applications of carboranes and their derivatives in the field of antitumor research mainly include boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), as BNCT/photodynamic therapy dual sensitizers, and as anticancer ligands. This review summarizes the research progress on carboranes achieved up to October 2021, with particular emphasis on signaling transduction pathways, chemical structures, and mechanistic considerations of using carboranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liyao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jinrun Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sajjad F, Han Y, Bao L, Yan Y, O Shea D, Wang L, Chen Z. The improvement of biocompatibility by incorporating porphyrins into carbon dots with photodynamic effects and pH sensitivities. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1378-1389. [PMID: 34968148 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising new treatment for cancer; however, the hydrophobic interactions and poor solubility in water of photosensitizers limit the use in clinic. Nanoparticles especially carbon dots have attracted the attention of the world's scientists because of their unique properties such as good solubility and biocompatibility. In this paper, we integrated carbon dots with different porphyrins to improve the properties of porphyrins and evaluated their efficacy as PDT drugs. The spectroscopic characteristics of porphyrins nano-conjugates were studied. Singlet oxygen generation rate and the light- and dark-induced toxicity of the conjugates were studied. Our results showed that the covalent interaction between CDs and porphyrins has improved the biocompatibility. The synthesized conjugates also inherit the pH sensitivity of the carbon dots, while the conjugation also decreases the hemolysis ratio making them a promising candidate for PDT. The incorporation of carbon dots into porphyrins improved their biocompatibility by reducing toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiping Han
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijia Yan
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Donal O Shea
- Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kriplani P, Guarve K. Transdermal Drug delivery: A step towards treatment of cancer. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:253-267. [PMID: 34856914 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211202154000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transdermal drug delivery is an emerging and tempting system over oral and hypodermic drug delivery system. With the new developments in skin penetration techniques, anticancer drugs ranging from hydrophilic macromolecules to lipophilic drugs can be administered via transdermal route to treat cancer. OBJECTIVE In the present review, various approaches to enhance the transdermal delivery of drugs is discussed including the micro and nanotechnology based transdermal formulations like chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, phototherapy, vaccines and medical devices. Limitations and advantages of various transdermal technologies is also elaborated. METHOD In this review, patent applications and recent literature of transdermal drug delivery systems employed to cure mainly cancer are covered. RESULTS Transdermal drug delivery systems have proved their potential to cure cancer. They increase the bioavailability of drug by site specific drug delivery and can reduce the side effects/toxicity associated with anticancer drugs. CONCLUSION The potential of transdermal drug delivery systems to carry the drug may unclutter novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in various tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kriplani
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar 135001, Haryana. India
| | - Kumar Guarve
- Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy, Yamuna Nagar 135001, Haryana. India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ge G, Li L, Wang D, Chen M, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Wu X, Guo C. Carbon dots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6553-6575. [PMID: 34328147 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, and easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological imaging, environmental monitoring, chemical analysis, targeted drug delivery, disease diagnosis, therapy, etc. In this review, our content is mainly divided into four parts. In the first part, we focused on the preparation methods of CDs, including arc discharge, laser ablation, electrochemical oxidation, chemical oxidation, combustion, hydrothermal/solvent thermal, microwave, template, method etc. Next, we summarized methods of CD modification, including heteroatom doping and surface functionalization. Then, we discussed the optical properties of CDs (ultraviolet absorption, photoluminescence, up-conversion fluorescence, etc.). Lastly, we reviewed the common applications of CDs in biomedicine from the aspects of in vivo and in vitro imaging, sensors, drug delivery, cancer theranostics, etc. Furthermore, we also discussed the existing problems and the future development direction of CDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guili Ge
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang L, Asghar S, Zhu T, Ye P, Hu Z, Chen Z, Xiao Y. Advances in chlorin-based photodynamic therapy with nanoparticle delivery system for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1473-1500. [PMID: 34253129 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1950685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The treatment of tumors is one of the most difficult problems in the medical field at present. Patients often use a comprehensive therapy that combines surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has prominent potential for eradicating various cancers. Chlorin-based photosensitizers (PSs), as one of the most utilized photosensitizers, have many advantages over conventional photosensitizers; however, a successful chlorin-based PDT needs multi-functional nano-carriers for selective photosensitizer delivery. The number of researches about nanoparticles designed for improved chlorin-based PSs is increasing in the current era. In this article, we give a brief review focused on the recent research progress in design of chlorin-based nanoparticles for the treatment of malignant tumors with photodynamic therapy.Areas covered: This review focuses on the current nanoparticle platforms for PDT, and describes different strategies to achieve controllable PDT by chlorin-nano-delivery systems. The challenges and prospects of PDT in clinical applications are also discussed.Expert opinions: The requirement for PDT to eradicate cancers has increased exponentially in recent years. The major clinically used photosensitizers are hydrophobic. The main obstacles in effective delivery of PSs are associated with this intrinsic nature. The design of nano-delivery systems to load PSs is pivotal for PSs' widespread use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China
| | - Panting Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu Z, Meng X, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Recent Progress in Transdermal Nanocarriers and Their Surface Modifications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113093. [PMID: 34064297 PMCID: PMC8196818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is an attractive method for drug delivery with convenient application, less first-pass effect, and fewer systemic side effects. Among all generations of TDDS, transdermal nanocarriers show the greatest clinical potential because of their non-invasive properties and high drug delivery efficiency. However, it is still difficult to design optimal transdermal nanocarriers to overcome the skin barrier, control drug release, and achieve targeting. Hence, surface modification becomes a promising strategy to optimize and functionalize the transdermal nanocarriers with enhanced penetration efficiency, controlled drug release profile, and targeting drug delivery. Therefore, this review summarizes the developed transdermal nanocarriers with their transdermal mechanism, and focuses on the surface modification strategies via their different functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixi Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xinxian Meng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shunuo Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yunsheng Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200011, China; (Z.Y.); (X.M.); (S.Z.)
- Shanghai National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, 245 Jiachuan Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ray P, Moitra P, Pan D. Emerging theranostic applications of carbon dots and its variants. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ray
- Department of Chemical Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Chemical Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Department of Chemical Biochemical, and Environmental Engineering University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Pediatrics Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland Baltimore Baltimore Maryland USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
da Silva DB, da Silva CL, Davanzo NN, da Silva Souza R, Correa RJ, Tedesco AC, Riemma Pierre MB. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) loaded PLGA nanoparticles for topical Photodynamic Therapy of melanoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102317. [PMID: 33940210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles (Np) can increase drug efficacy and overcome problems associated with solubility and aggregation in a solution of PpIX. PURPOSE Evaluate if Np interferes in the photophysical and photobiological capacity of the PpIX comparing with free PpIX intended for topical PDT of melanoma. METHODS In vitro photophysical evaluation of Np-PpIX was carried out through singlet oxygen (1O2) quantum yield. In vitro cytotoxicity and phototoxicity assays have used murine melanoma cell culture. RESULTS The quantum yield of singlet oxygen has shown that Np did not influence the formation capacity of this reactive species. In the dark, all PpIX-Nps concentrations were less cytotoxic compared to free drugs. At a higher light dose (1500 mJ.cm2) 3.91 μg / mL PpIX had similar % viable cells for free and Np (∼34 %) meaning Nps did not interfere in the photodynamic effect of PpIX. However, at 7.91 μg / mL the phototoxicity increased for both (5.8 % viable cells for free versus 21.7 % for Nps). Despite the higher phototoxicity of free PpIX at this concentration, greater cytotoxicity in the dark was obtained (∼49 % viable cells for free versus ∼90.6 % Np) which means Nps protect the tumor tissue from the photodynamic action of PpIX. CONCLUSIONS Np is a potential delivery system for melanoma skin cancer, since it maintained the photophysical properties of PpIX and excellent in vitro phototoxicity effect against melanoma cells, reducing cell viability ∼80 % (7.91 μg / mL PpIX in Nps) and provides safe PDT (due to lower cytotoxicity in the dark).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darlan Barbosa da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Loureiro da Silva
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Nossi Davanzo
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Vila Monte Alegre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering -Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Vila Monte Alegre, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho 373, 21.941.902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nocito G, Calabrese G, Forte S, Petralia S, Puglisi C, Campolo M, Esposito E, Conoci S. Carbon Dots as Promising Tools for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13091991. [PMID: 33919096 PMCID: PMC8122497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13091991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diagnostic approaches and chemotherapeutic delivery based on nanotechnologies, such as nanoparticles (NPs), could be promising candidates for the new era of cancer research. Recently great attention has been received by carbon-based nanomaterials such as Carbon Dots (CDs), due their variegated physical-chemical properties that makes these systems appealing for multiple use from bioimaging, biosensing, nano-carriers for drug delivery systems to innovative therapeutic agents in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). In this review, we report the last evidence on the application and prospects of CDs as useful nano theranostics tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Abstract Carbon Dots (CDs) are the latest members of carbon-based nanomaterials, which since their discovery have attracted notable attention due to their chemical and mechanical properties, brilliant fluorescence, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. Together with the ease and affordable preparation costs, these intrinsic features make CDs the most promising nanomaterials for multiple applications in the biological field, such as bioimaging, biotherapy, and gene/drug delivery. This review will illustrate the most recent applications of CDs in the biomedical field, focusing on their biocompatibility, fluorescence, low cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and theranostic properties to highlight above all their usefulness as a promising tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nocito
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Giovanna Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.C.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- IOM Ricerca, Viagrande, 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Science and Health, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacy and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.N.); (M.C.); (E.E.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (S.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ansari L, Hallaj S, Hallaj T, Amjadi M. Doped-carbon dots: Recent advances in their biosensing, bioimaging and therapy applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111743. [PMID: 33872828 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a fascinating class of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs), doped-CDs are now sparked intense research interest, particularly in the diverse fields of biomedical applications due to their unique advantages, including low toxicity, physicochemical, photostability, excellent biocompatibility, and so on. In this review, we have summarized the most recent developments in the literature regarding the employment of doped-CDs for pharmaceutical and medical applications, which are published over approximately the past five years. Accordingly, we discuss the toxicity and optical properties of these nanomaterials. Beyond the presentation of successful examples of the application of these multifunctional nanoparticles in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and antibacterial activity, we further highlight their application in the cellular labeling, dual imaging, and in vitro and in vivo bioimaging by use of fluorescent-, photoacoustic-, magnetic-, and computed tomography (CT)-imaging. The potency of doped-CDs was also described in the biosensing of ions, small molecules, and drugs in biological samples or inside the cells. Finally, the advantages, disadvantages, and common limitations of doped-CD technologies are reviewed, along with the future prospects in biomedical research. Therefore, this review provides a concise insight into the current developments and challenges in the field of doped-CDs, especially for biological and biomedical researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Legha Ansari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Shahin Hallaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran
| | - Tooba Hallaj
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amjadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Horst FH, Rodrigues CVDS, Carvalho PHPR, Leite AM, Azevedo RB, Neto BAD, Corrêa JR, Garcia MP, Alotaibi S, Henini M, Chaves SB, Rodrigues MO. From cow manure to bioactive carbon dots: a light-up probe for bioimaging investigations, glucose detection and potential immunotherapy agent for melanoma skin cancer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6346-6352. [PMID: 35423156 PMCID: PMC8694864 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10859f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive carbon dots (C-dots) with ca. 4 nm were successfully produced with singular photophysical properties, low-toxicity and interesting immunological response. The optical properties of the C-dots were investigated and the "light-up" behaviour enabled them to be explored in glucose detection and bioimaging experiments (mitochondrial selective probe). C-dots were not selective to the tumour region and several fluorescent spots were visualized spread on animal bodies. The histology investigations showed that cancer-bearing mice treated with C-dots presented a large number of regions with necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates, which were not identified for cancer-bearing mice without the treatment. These results suggested that C-dots have the potential to be explored as an immune therapy agent for melanoma skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Hillesheim Horst
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Carime Vitória da Silva Rodrigues
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Monteiro Leite
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Technological Chemistry, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Mônica Pereira Garcia
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Saud Alotaibi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Mohamed Henini
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
| | - Sacha Braun Chaves
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Oliveira Rodrigues
- LIMA-Laboratório de Inorgânica e Materiais, University of Brasilia Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasília-DF CEP 70910900 Brazil
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University Nottingham NG72RD UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qin X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Chen W, Zhong X, He J. Synthesis of Yellow-Fluorescent Carbon Nano-dots by Microplasma for Imaging and Photocatalytic Inactivation of Cancer Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33475910 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03478-2/figures/4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions show great promise in nanomedicine. In this study, we report the environmentally friendly synthesis of fluorescent carbon nano-dots such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by microplasma using o-phenylenediamine. The produced CQDs exhibited a wide absorption peaks at 380-500 nm and emitted bright yellow fluorescence with a peak at 550 nm. The CQDs were rapidly taken up by HeLa cancer cells. When excited under blue light, a bright yellow fluorescence signal and intense reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently produced, enabling simultaneous fluorescent cancer cell imaging and photodynamic inactivation, with a 40% decrease in relative cell viability. Furthermore, about 98% cells were active after the incubation with 400 μg mL-1 CQDs in the dark, which revealed the excellent biocompatibility of CQDs. Hence, the newly prepared CQDs are thus demonstrated to be materials which might be effective and safe to use for in vivo bioimaging and imaging-guided cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research and Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care and Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qin X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Chen W, Zhong X, He J. Synthesis of Yellow-Fluorescent Carbon Nano-dots by Microplasma for Imaging and Photocatalytic Inactivation of Cancer Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33475910 PMCID: PMC7818297 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic functions show great promise in nanomedicine. In this study, we report the environmentally friendly synthesis of fluorescent carbon nano-dots such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) by microplasma using o-phenylenediamine. The produced CQDs exhibited a wide absorption peaks at 380-500 nm and emitted bright yellow fluorescence with a peak at 550 nm. The CQDs were rapidly taken up by HeLa cancer cells. When excited under blue light, a bright yellow fluorescence signal and intense reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently produced, enabling simultaneous fluorescent cancer cell imaging and photodynamic inactivation, with a 40% decrease in relative cell viability. Furthermore, about 98% cells were active after the incubation with 400 μg mL-1 CQDs in the dark, which revealed the excellent biocompatibility of CQDs. Hence, the newly prepared CQDs are thus demonstrated to be materials which might be effective and safe to use for in vivo bioimaging and imaging-guided cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research and Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care and Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health and Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 Hunan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dugam S, Nangare S, Patil P, Jadhav N. Carbon dots: A novel trend in pharmaceutical applications. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 79:335-345. [PMID: 33383021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs, C-dots, or CDs), are generally small carbon nanoparticles having a size less than 10nm. Carbon dots (CDs) were accidentally discovered during the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes through preparative electrophoresis in 2004. Carbon is an organic material having poor water solubility that emits less fluorescence. However, CDs have good aqueous solubility and excellent fluorescent property, hence more attention has been given to the synthesis of CDs and their applications in chemistry and allied sciences. CDs being easily accessible for in-house synthesis, simpler fabrication as per compendial requirements are wisely accepted. In addition, since CDs are biocompatible, of low toxicity, and of biodegradable nature, they appear as a promising tool for the health care sector. Furthermore, owing to their capabilities of expressing significant interaction with biological materials, and their excellent photoluminescence (PL), CDs have been emerging as novel pioneered nanoparticles useful for pharmaceutical and theranostic applications. Also, CDs are more eco-friendly in synthesis and therefore can be favorably consumed as alternatives in the further development of biological, environmental, and food areas. A massive study has been performed dealing with different approaches which are adopted for CDs synthesis and their applications as, filters for the separation of pollutants from polluted water, food safety, toxicological studies, and optical properties, etc. While still less emphasis is given on the applications of CDs in pharmaceuticals like for sustained and targeted drug delivery systems, theranostic study, etc. Hence, in the present review, we are exploring CQDs as a boon to pharmaceutical concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Dugam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati-Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, 416013 Kolhapur, Maharashtra state, India
| | - S Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 425405 Shirpur, Maharashtra state, India
| | - P Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 425405 Shirpur, Maharashtra state, India
| | - N Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati-Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, 416013 Kolhapur, Maharashtra state, India.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang L, Liu Y, Liu H, Tian H, Wang Y, Zhang G, Lei Y, Xue L, Zheng B, Fan T, Zheng Y, Tan F, Xue Q, Gao S, Li C, He J. The therapeutic significance of the novel photodynamic material TPE-IQ-2O in tumors. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:1383-1409. [PMID: 33472175 PMCID: PMC7835032 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapies based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) have received much attention in various cancers due to their strong therapeutic effects. Here, we aimed to explore the safety and effectiveness of a new mitochondria-targeting photodynamic material, TPE-IQ-2O, in combination therapies (combined with surgery or immunotherapy). The safety and effectiveness of TPE-IQ-2O PDT were verified with cytotoxicity evaluation in vitro and a zebrafish xenograft model in vivo, respectively. The effectiveness of TPE-IQ-2O PDT combined with surgery or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was verified in tumor-bearing mice. Small animal in vivo imaging, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry were used to determine the underlying mechanism. TPE-IQ-2O PDT can not only reduce tumor recurrence in surgical treatment but also effectively improve the response to ICIs in immunotherapy without obvious toxicity. It was also found to ameliorate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and promote the antitumor immunity induced by ICIs by increasing CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte accumulation. Thus, TPE-IQ-2O PDT is a safe and effective antitumor therapy that can be combined with surgery or immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Shugeng Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jain R, Sarode I, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanocarrier Based Topical Drug Delivery- A Promising Strategy for Treatment of Skin Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4615-4623. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200826140448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancers are one of the most widespread and complex forms of the disease, resulting in very high
mortality rates across the world. The current treatments available for skin cancer include chemotherapy, surgery,
radiotherapy, etc. The selected treatment options for skin cancer are usually decided based on the condition of a
patient and the type of skin cancer. The effectiveness of skin cancer therapy is still limited because of poor penetrability
of the drug into stratum corneum or lesions, low efficacy, required higher concentration of the active
pharmaceutical ingredients to reach a therapeutic effect. Besides, low bioavailability at the site of action, the
requirement of high dose, causes skin irritation, which significantly hinders the drug absorption through the stratum
corneum. Thus, nanocarriers have been used to bypass the problems associated with conventional anti-cancer
drug delivery systems. In the current scenario, nanotechnology-based therapy has shown great potential in the
management of skin cancer, and these can be used for a more efficient drug delivery system to treat cancers. In
this review article, the information on different nanocarrier systems for skin cancer has been elucidated. Moreover,
the various nanoparticulate strategies and their effectiveness to treat skin cancer have been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ila Sarode
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dias LD, Mfouo-Tynga IS. Learning from Nature: Bioinspired Chlorin-Based Photosensitizers Immobilized on Carbon Materials for Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E53. [PMID: 33066431 PMCID: PMC7709684 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls, which are chlorin-type photosensitizers, are known as the key building blocks of nature and are fundamental for solar energy metabolism during the photosynthesis process. In this regard, the utilization of bioinspired chlorin analogs as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy constitutes an evolutionary topic of research. Moreover, carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied in photodynamic therapy protocols due to their optical characteristics, good biocompatibility, and tunable systematic toxicity. Herein, we review the literature related to the applications of chlorin-based photosensitizers that were functionalized onto carbon nanomaterials for photodynamic and photothermal therapies against cancer. Rather than a comprehensive review, we intended to highlight the most important and illustrative examples over the last 10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park Y, Kim Y, Chang H, Won S, Kim H, Kwon W. Biocompatible nitrogen-doped carbon dots: synthesis, characterization, and application. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8935-8951. [PMID: 32901641 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01334j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their unique properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The current studies on CDs are focused on improving their functionality by modulating their electronic structure, which helps in controlling their chemical, optical, and electrical properties. Doping with heteroatoms is a typical approach for modulating the electronic structure of CDs. In particular, there has been considerable progress in nitrogen-doped CDs for improving their potential for various biomedical applications, including optical imaging, drug delivery, and light-mediated imaging/therapeutic applications such as photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy. In this review, the important features of nitrogen-doped CDs are discussed along with the recent studies on these materials and their prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Heemin Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Sungyeon Won
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Woosung Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Feng Z, Lin S, McDonagh A, Yu C. Natural Hydrogels Applied in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2681-2703. [PMID: 31622196 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191016112828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural hydrogels are three-dimensional (3D) water-retaining materials with a skeleton consisting of natural polymers, their derivatives or mixtures. Natural hydrogels can provide sustained or controlled drug release and possess some unique properties of natural polymers, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and some additional functions, such as CD44 targeting of hyaluronic acid. Natural hydrogels can be used with photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) to increase the range of applications. In the current review, the pertinent design variables are discussed along with a description of the categories of natural hydrogels available for PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shiying Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Chen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xue J, Wang X, Wang E, Li T, Chang J, Wu C. Bioinspired multifunctional biomaterials with hierarchical microstructure for wound dressing. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:270-279. [PMID: 31606532 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing multifunctional wound dressing with desired mechanical strength is of great significance for the treatment of different types of skin wounds. Inspired by the close relationship between strength and hierarchical structure of nacre, hierarchical and porous graphene oxide-chitosan-calcium silicate (GO-CTS-CS) film biomaterials are fabricated by a combination of vacuum filtration-assisted assembly and freeze-drying methods. The bioinspired hierarchical materials emulate an orderly porous lamellar micron-scale structure and the "brick-and-mortar"-layered nanostructure. The hierarchical microstructure endows the GO-CTS-CS biomaterials with good tensile strength, compatible breathability, and water absorption. Furthermore, the hierarchical GO-CTS-CS biomaterials exhibit ideal photothermal performance, leading to significant photothermal antibacterial and antitumor efficacy. Further, the hierarchical GO-CTS-CS biomaterials show stimulatory effect on in vivo chronic wound healing. Therefore, such a high performance and multifunctional biomaterial is believed to offer a promising alternative to traditional wound dressing in future. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Although it is an effective strategy to prepare high-performance materials by mimicking the hierarchical microstructure of nacre, the preparation of nacre-inspired materials in tissue engineering fields still needs to be investigated. In this work, we prepared a nacre-inspired multifunctional graphene oxide-chitosan-calcium silicate (GO-CTS-CS) biomaterial with a hierarchical microstructure. The hierarchical microstructure endows the biomaterials with desired properties of strength, breathability, and water absorption. Further, the hierarchical GO-CTS-CS biomaterial showed good photothermal antibacterial/antitumor and wound healing effects. This work may provide an approach to combine the preparation of multifunctional biomaterials with bioinspired engineering by constructing a hierarchical microstructure, indicating that the assembling hierarchical microstructure in biomaterials is of great importance for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
41
|
Effect of hyaluronic acid on the State and photoactivity of Zn(II) phthalocyanine cationic derivative in mixed aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Sharma A, Das J. Small molecules derived carbon dots: synthesis and applications in sensing, catalysis, imaging, and biomedicine. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:92. [PMID: 31451110 PMCID: PMC6709552 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are the new fellow of carbon family having a size less than 10 nm and attracted much attention of researchers since the last decade because of their unique characteristics, such as inexpensive and facile synthesis methods, easy surface modification, excellent photoluminescence, outstanding water solubility, and low toxicity. Due to these unique characteristics, CDs have been extensively applied in different kind of scientific disciplines. For example in the photocatalytic reactions, drug-gene delivery system, in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, chemical and biological sensing as well as photodynamic and photothermal therapies. Mainly two types of methods are available in the literature to synthesize CDs: the top-down approach, which refers to breaking down a more massive carbon structure into nanoscale particles; the bottom-up approach, which refers to the synthesis of CDs from smaller carbon units (small organic molecules). Many review articles are available in the literature regarding the synthesis and applications of CDs. However, there is no such review article describing the synthesis and complete application of CDs derived from small organic molecules together. In this review, we have summarized the progress of research on CDs regarding its synthesis from small organic molecules (bottom-up approach) via hydrothermal/solvothermal treatment, microwave irradiation, ultrasonic treatment, and thermal decomposition techniques as well as applications in the field of bioimaging, drug/gene delivery system, fluorescence-based sensing, photocatalytic reactions, photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) and photo-thermal (PTT) therapy based on the available literature. Finally, the challenges and future direction of CDs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Solan, HP, 173229, India
| | - Joydeep Das
- School of Chemistry, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Solan, HP, 173229, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Du J, Xu N, Fan J, Sun W, Peng X. Carbon Dots for In Vivo Bioimaging and Theranostics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805087. [PMID: 30779301 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a kind of carbon material discovered accidentally, exhibit unexpected advantages in fluorescence imaging/sensing such as photostability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. For emerging theranostics, an interdiscipline created by integrating therapy and diagnostics, CDs are good candidates when they are combined with targeted chemo/gene/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties. Here, the development of CDs in nanomedicine is reviewed from their use as original imaging agents and/or drug carriers to multifunctional theranostic systems. Finally, the challenges and prospects of the next-generation of CD-based theranostics for clinical applications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aguilar Cosme JR, Bryant HE, Claeyssens F. Carbon dot-protoporphyrin IX conjugates for improved drug delivery and bioimaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220210. [PMID: 31344086 PMCID: PMC6657888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitisers such as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) to target tumours via the release of toxic singlet oxygen when irradiated. The effectivity of the treatment is limited by the innate properties of the photosensitizers; they typically exhibit inefficient accumulation in target tissue and high dark toxicity. Carbon dots (CDs) are biocompatible fluorescent nanoparticles which can improve PpIX cellular uptake and solubility. In this work, we present conjugates synthesised by host-guest encapsulation (PpIX@CD) and amide cross-linking (PpIX-CD). Characterization demonstrated conjugates have a loading efficiency of 34-48% and similar singlet oxygen production to PpIX. PpIX-containing CDs showed a 2.2 to 3.7-fold decrease in dark toxicity. PpIX-CD and PpIX@CD showed equivalent light-induced toxicity to PpIX in concentrations >1 μg/ml, leading to a 3.2 to 4.1-fold increase in photo-toxicity index (PI). The less soluble fraction of cross-linked conjugates (PpIX-CD)p did not show significant difference from PpIX. Confocal light scanning microscopy demonstrated rapid intracellular uptake and accumulation of conjugates. Our results demonstrate the variations between cross-linking strategies in CD-based conjugates, highlighting their potential as carriers in drug delivery and bioimaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose R. Aguilar Cosme
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. Bryant
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Karuppusamy S, Hyejin K, Kang HW. Nanoengineered chlorin e6 conjugated with hydrogel for photodynamic therapy on cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:778-788. [PMID: 31238210 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to fabricate hydrogel as a photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy. Chlorin e6 (Ce6)-fucoidan/alginates@gellam gum (Ce6-Fu/AL@GG)-based hydrogel was fabricated and characterised in terms of morphology and functional groups. MTT assay was used to check toxicity and also performed scratch assay for wound healing property of Ce6-Fu/AL@GGH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the existence of physical interactions between polysaccharides. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed a decrease in the thermal stability of the fabricated hydrogel. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images demonstrated porous matrixes representing homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles in the hydrogel. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that a decrease in the cell viability occurred in PDT after 48 h treatment. Both Ce6 and laser irradiation induced the HT-29 apoptotic effect that was mediated by intracellular ROS generation and mitochondrial damage. The laser-treated hydrogel was effective in inhibiting HT-29 cell growth. Ce6-Fu/AL@GG hydrogel can be a promising platform for PDT on cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugapriya Karuppusamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kim Hyejin
- Interdisciplinary program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; Interdisciplinary program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Huang X, Wu J, He M, Hou X, Wang Y, Cai X, Xin H, Gao F, Chen Y. Combined Cancer Chemo-Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Based on ICG/PDA/TPZ-Loaded Nanoparticles. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2172-2183. [PMID: 30978027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been an attractive strategy for several cancer treatments in the clinical setting, PDT efficacy is attenuated by consumption of oxygen. To address this photodynamic issue, we adopted a phototherapy-chemotherapy combination strategy based on targeted delivery of the near-infrared photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG), photothermal conversion agent polydopamine (PDA), and tirapazamine (TPZ), a hypoxia-activated prodrug. Under laser irradiation, ICG consumption of oxygen and aggravated hypoxia in tumor sites can activate TPZ to damage DNA. In parallel, ICG produces reactive oxygen species which work in synergy with PDA to enhance phototherapeutic efficiency. Herein, hybrid CaCO3/TPGS nanoparticles delivering ICG, PDA, and TPZ (ICG-PDA-TPZ NPs) were designed for effective and safe cancer therapy. ICG-PDA-TPZ NPs showed significantly improved cellular uptake and accumulation in tumors. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ICG-PDA-TPZ NPs showed intensive photodynamic and photothermal effects in vitro and in vivo, which synergized with TPZ in subcutaneous U87 malignant glioma growth and orthotopic B16F10 tumor inhibition, with negligible side effects. Thus, ICG-PDA-TPZ NPs could be an effective strategy for improvement of PDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqin Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Muye He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xinyu Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Xiaoran Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Hongliang Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 211166 , China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yanzuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Multifunctional hyaluronate - nanoparticle hybrid systems for diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications. J Control Release 2019; 303:55-66. [PMID: 30954619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles have been actively investigated for the last few decades as new platforms for biomedical applications. Despite their great versatility and potency, nanoparticles have generally required further modification with biocompatible materials such as biopolymers and synthetic polymers for in vivo administration to improve their biological functions, stability, and biocompatibility. Among a variety of natural and synthetic biomaterials, hyaluronate (HA) has been considered a promising biomolecule with which to construct nanohybrid systems, as it can enable long-term and efficient delivery of nanoparticles to target sites as well as physiological stabilization of nanoparticles by forming hydrophilic shells. In this review, we first describe various kinds of HA derivatives and their interactions with nanoparticles, and discuss how to design and develop optimal HA-nanoparticle hybrid systems for biomedical applications. Furthermore, we show several exemplary applications of HA-nanoparticle hybrid systems and provide our perspectives to their futuristic translational applications.
Collapse
|
48
|
Baldea I, Giurgiu L, Teacoe ID, Olteanu DE, Olteanu FC, Clichici S, Filip GA. Photodynamic Therapy in Melanoma - Where do we Stand? Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5540-5563. [PMID: 29278205 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171226115626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive malignant tumors, with unpredictable evolution. Despite numerous therapeutic options, like chemotherapy, BRAF inhibitors and immunotherapy, advanced melanoma prognosis remains severe. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used as the first line or palliative therapy for the treatment of lung, esophageal, bladder, non melanoma skin and head and neck cancers. However, classical PDT has shown some drawbacks that limit its clinical application in melanoma. OBJECTIVE The most important challenge is to overcome melanoma resistance, due to melanosomal trapping, presence of melanin, enhanced oxidative stress defense, defects in the apoptotic pathways, immune evasion, neoangiogenesis stimulation. METHOD In this review we considered: (1) main signaling molecular pathways deregulated in melanoma as potential targets for personalized therapy, including PDT, (2) results of the clinical studies regarding PDT of melanoma, especially advanced metastatic stage, (3) progresses made in the design of anti-melanoma photosensitizers (4) inhibition of tumor neoangiogenesis, as well as (5) advantages of the derived therapies like photothermal therapy, sonodynamic therapy. RESULTS PDT represents a promising alternative palliative treatment for advanced melanoma patients, mainly due to its minimal invasive character and low side effects. Efficient melanoma PDT requires: (1) improved, tumor targeted, NIR absorbing photosensitizers, capable of inducing high amounts of different ROS inside tumor and vasculature cells, possibly allowing a theranostic approach; (2) an efficient adjuvant immune therapy. CONCLUSION Combination of PDT with immune stimulation might be the key to overcome the melanoma resistance and to obtain better, sustainable clinical results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baldea
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorin Giurgiu
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Diana Teacoe
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Olteanu
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Catalin Olteanu
- Industrial Engineering and Management Department, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Simona Clichici
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mehrotra S, Chouhan D, Konwarh R, Kumar M, Jadi PK, Mandal BB. Comprehensive Review on Silk at Nanoscale for Regenerative Medicine and Allied Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2054-2078. [PMID: 33405710 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mehrotra
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Rocktotpal Konwarh
- Biotechnology Department, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa−16417, Ethiopia
| | - Manishekhar Kumar
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Jadi
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati−781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Devi P, Saini S, Kim KH. The advanced role of carbon quantum dots in nanomedical applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111158. [PMID: 31323605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as a potential material in the diverse fields of biomedical applications due to their numerous advantageous properties including fluorescence, water solubility, biocompatibility, low toxicity, small size and ease of modification, inexpensive scale-up production, and versatile conjugation with other nanoparticles. Thus, CQDs became a preferable choice in various biomedical applications such as nanocarriers for drugs, therapeutic genes, photosensitizers, and antibacterial molecules. Further, their potentials have also been verified in multifunctional diagnostic platforms, cellular and bacterial bio-imaging, development of theranostics nanomedicine, etc. This review provides a concise insight into the progress and evolution in the field of CQD research with respect to methods/materials available in bio-imaging, theranostics, cancer/gene therapy, diagnostics, etc. Further, our discussion is extended to explore the role of CQDs in nanomedicine which is considered to be the future of biomedicine. This study will thus help biomedical researchers in tapping the potential of CQDs to overcome various existing technological challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Devi
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India.
| | - Shefali Saini
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Sector 30C, Chandigarh 160030, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|