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Liu T, Yang G, Li T, Wang Q, Liu H, He F. Preparation of Ag@3D-TiO 2 Scaffolds and Determination of its Antimicrobial Properties and Osteogenesis-promoting Ability. Orthop Surg 2024; 16:1445-1460. [PMID: 38706035 PMCID: PMC11144495 DOI: 10.1111/os.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The micro-nano structure of 3D-printed porous titanium (Ti) alloy with excellent performance in avoiding stress shielding and promoting bone tissue differentiation provides a new opportunity for the development of bone implants, but it necessitates higher requirements for bone tissue differentiation and the antibacterial properties of bone implants in clinical practice. METHODS This study investigated the preparation, antimicrobial properties, and osteogenesis-promoting ability of the 3D printed porous Ti alloy anodic oxidized Ag-carrying (Ag@3D-TiO2) scaffolds. The 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D-Ti), anodized 3D printed porous Ti alloy (3D-TiO2), and Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were synthesized using electron beam melting. The antimicrobial properties of the scaffolds were examined using antibacterial tests and their cytocompatibility was assessed using a cell proliferation assay and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. In vitro cellular assays were used to investigate the effects of the scaffold microstructural features on cell activity, proliferation, and osteogenesis-related genes and proteins. In vivo animal experiments were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and osteogenesis-promoting abilities of the scaffolds. RESULTS The Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds exhibited sustained anti-microbial activity over time, enhanced cell proliferation, facilitated osteogenic differentiation, and increased extracellular matrix mineralization. In addition, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (COL-I), and osteocalcin (OCN)-related genes and proteins were upregulated. In vivo animal implantation experiments, the anti-inflammatory effect of the Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were observed using histology, and a large amount of fibrous connective tissue was present around it; the Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds were more bio-compatible with the surrounding tissues compared with 3D-Ti and 3D-TiO2; a large amount of uniformly distributed neoplastic bone tissue existed in their pores, and the chronic systemic toxicity test showed that the 3D-Ti, 3D-TiO2, and Ag@3D-TiO2 scaffolds are biologically safe. CONCLUSION The goal of this study was to create a scaffold that exhibits antimicrobial properties and can aid bone growth, making it highly suitable for use in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansheng Liu
- Department of OrthopaedicsTianjin Hospital, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guijun Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Training and Sports MedicineCharacteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjinChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Training and Sports MedicineCharacteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police ForceTianjinChina
| | - Houjiang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fang He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
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Martinez DC, Dobkowska A, Marek R, Ćwieka H, Jaroszewicz J, Płociński T, Donik Č, Helmholz H, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Willumeit-Römer R, Święszkowski W. In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00) screws for orthopedic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:132-154. [PMID: 37250863 PMCID: PMC10209338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become a potential material for orthopedic implants due to their unnecessary implant removal, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity until fracture healing. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo degradation of an Mg fixation screw composed of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00, in wt.%). With ZX00 human-sized implants, in vitro immersion tests up to 28 days under physiological conditions, along with electrochemical measurements were performed for the first time. In addition, ZX00 screws were implanted in the diaphysis of sheep for 6, 12, and 24 weeks to assess the degradation and biocompatibility of the screws in vivo. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-computed tomography (μCT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and histology, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the corrosion layers formed, as well as the bone-corrosion-layer-implant interfaces, were analyzed. Our findings from in vivo testing demonstrated that ZX00 alloy promotes bone healing and the formation of new bone in direct contact with the corrosion products. In addition, the same elemental composition of corrosion products was observed for in vitro and in vivo experiments; however, their elemental distribution and thicknesses differ depending on the implant location. Our findings suggest that the corrosion resistance was microstructure-dependent. The head zone was the least corrosion-resistant, indicating that the production procedure could impact the corrosion performance of the implant. In spite of this, the formation of new bone and no adverse effects on the surrounding tissues demonstrated that the ZX00 is a suitable Mg-based alloy for temporary bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Martinez
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobkowska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Ćwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Črtomir Donik
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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Ben Amara H, Martinez DC, Shah FA, Loo AJ, Emanuelsson L, Norlindh B, Willumeit-Römer R, Plocinski T, Swieszkowski W, Palmquist A, Omar O, Thomsen P. Magnesium implant degradation provides immunomodulatory and proangiogenic effects and attenuates peri-implant fibrosis in soft tissues. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:353-369. [PMID: 36942009 PMCID: PMC10024189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants made of magnesium (Mg) are increasingly employed in patients to achieve osteosynthesis while degrading in situ. Since Mg implants and Mg2+ have been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties, the clinically observed soft tissue inflammation around Mg implants is enigmatic. Here, using a rat soft tissue model and a 1-28 d observation period, we determined the temporo-spatial cell distribution and behavior in relation to sequential changes of pure Mg implant surface properties and Mg2+ release. Compared to nondegradable titanium (Ti) implants, Mg degradation exacerbated initial inflammation. Release of Mg degradation products at the tissue-implant interface, culminating at 3 d, actively initiated chemotaxis and upregulated mRNA and protein immunomodulatory markers, particularly inducible nitric oxide synthase and toll-like receptor-4 up to 6 d, yet without a cytotoxic effect. Increased vascularization was demonstrated morphologically, preceded by high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. The transition to appropriate tissue repair coincided with implant surface enrichment of Ca and P and reduced peri-implant Mg2+ concentration. Mg implants revealed a thinner fibrous encapsulation compared with Ti. The detailed understanding of the relationship between Mg material properties and the spatial and time-resolved cellular processes provides a basis for the interpretation of clinical observations and future tailoring of Mg implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heithem Ben Amara
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Diana C. Martinez
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Furqan A. Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson Loo
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Emanuelsson
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Norlindh
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Tomasz Plocinski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Swieszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg Box 412, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Yang A, Huang X, Luo C, Wang H, Zhou T. High-Rate-Capacity Cathode Based on Zn-Doped and Carbonized Polyacrylonitrile-Coated Na 4MnV(PO 4) 3 for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22132-22141. [PMID: 37116123 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Na4MnV(PO4)3 (NMVP) is a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its extraordinary three-dimensional structure that provides plenty of channels for sodium-ion migration. However, the unsatisfied electrical conductivity of NMVP limits its utilization in SIBs. Herein, Zn-doped NMVP with a uniform carbonized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) coating layer, named NMZVP@cPAN, was synthesized via a sol-gel method, and carbonized PAN was uniformly distributed on the surface of NMVP. Therefore, the NMZVP@cPAN cathodes exhibited an outstanding discharge capacity of 70.6 mA·h·g-1 at 30 C and remarkable cycling stability with an admirable retention of 89.64% after 1000 cycles at 5 C. Rietveld refinement and ex situ X-ray diffraction analyses were performed to determine the change in the crystal structure. Density functional theory calculations were performed to determine the effects of Zn doping on the density of states and the migration energy barriers. Finally, the NMZVP@cPAN cathodes were successfully modified and could be used in SIBs as NMVP cathodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control Technology of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - ChuCheng Luo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control Technology of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Wei L, Gao Z. Recent research advances on corrosion mechanism and protection, and novel coating materials of magnesium alloys: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8427-8463. [PMID: 36926015 PMCID: PMC10013130 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07829e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have achieved a good balance between biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and have great potential for clinical application, and their performance as implant materials has been continuously improved in recent years. However, a high degradation rate of Mg alloys in a physiological environment remains a major limitation before clinical application. In this review, according to the human body's intake of elements, the current mainstream implanted magnesium alloy system is classified and discussed, and the corrosion mechanism of magnesium alloy in vivo and in vitro is described, including general corrosion, localized corrosion, pitting corrosion, and degradation of body fluid environment impact etc. The introduction of methods to improve the mechanical properties and biocorrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is divided into two parts: the alloying part mainly discusses the strengthening mechanisms of alloying elements, including grain refinement strengthening, solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening and precipitation strengthening etc.; the surface modification part introduces the ideas and applications of novel materials with excellent properties such as graphene and biomimetic materials in the development of functional coatings. Finally, the existing problems are summarized, and the future development direction is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Wei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ziyuan Gao
- Central Research Institute of Building and Construction (CRIBC) Beijing 100088 China +86 18969880147.,State Key Laboratory of Iron and Steel Industry Environmental Protection Beijing 100088 China
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6
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Ge J, Yang N, Yang Y, Yu H, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Cheng S, Wang Y, Han Z, Teng Y, Zou J, Yang H, Cheng L. The combination of eddy thermal effect of biodegradable magnesium with immune checkpoint blockade shows enhanced efficacy against osteosarcoma. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:73-85. [PMID: 36733928 PMCID: PMC9883145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) patients have a poor prognosis due to its high degree of heterogeneity and high rate of metastasis. Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) combined with immunotherapy is an effective strategy to treat solid and metastatic tumors. Here, we combined biodegradable magnesium (Mg) macroscale rods, which acted as an eddy thermo-magnetic agent under a low external alternating magnetic field, and immunotherapy to achieve a radical cure for OS. The eddy thermal effect (ETE) of the Mg rods (MgR) showed outstanding cytotoxic effects and enhanced the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), and the mild MHT induced the immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the OS cells. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, we obtained an excellent curative effect against OS, and a further evaluation demonstrated that the local MHT induced by the MgR increased T cells infiltration and the polarization of M1 macrophages. Interestingly, the biodegradable MgR also promoted bone osteogenesis. Our work highlighted the uneven ETE mediated by the biodegradable MgR induced a comprehensive immunologic activation in the OS tumor microenvironment (TME), which would inspire the application of MHT for the effective treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nailin Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuning Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanjie Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Han
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Teng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Corresponding author.
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Hassan SF, Islam MT, Saheb N, Baig MMA. Magnesium for Implants: A Review on the Effect of Alloying Elements on Biocompatibility and Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5669. [PMID: 36013806 PMCID: PMC9412399 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An attempt is made to cover the whole of the topic of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys with a focus on the biocompatibility of the individual alloying elements, as well as shed light on the degradation characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of most binary alloys. Some of the various work processes carried out by researchers to achieve the alloys and their surface modifications have been highlighted. Additionally, a brief look into the literature on magnesium composites as also been included towards the end, to provide a more complete picture of the topic. In most cases, the chronological order of events has not been particularly followed, and instead, this work is concentrated on compiling and presenting an update of the work carried out on the topic of biodegradable magnesium alloys from the recent literature available to us.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fida Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. T. Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Saheb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. M. A. Baig
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Hassan HW, Rahmati M, Barrantes A, Haugen HJ, Mirtaheri P. In Vitro Monitoring of Magnesium-Based Implants Degradation by Surface Analysis and Optical Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116099. [PMID: 35682779 PMCID: PMC9181122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based degradable alloys have attracted substantial attention for tissue engineering applications due to their biodegradability and potential for avoiding secondary removal surgeries. However, insufficient data in the existing literature regarding Mg’s corrosion and gas formation after implantation have delayed its wide clinical application. Since the surface properties of degradable materials constantly change after contact with body fluid, monitoring the behaviour of Mg in phantoms or buffer solutions could provide some information about its physicochemical surface changes over time. Through surface analysis and spectroscopic analysis, we aimed to investigate the structural and functional properties of degradable disks. Since bubble formation may lead to inflammation and change pH, monitoring components related to acidosis near the cells is essential. To study the bubble formation in cell culture media, we used a newly developed Mg alloy (based on Mg, zinc, and calcium), pure Mg, and commercially available grade 2 Titanium (Ti) disks in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) solution to observe their behaviour over ten days of immersion. Using surface analysis and the information from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), we concluded on the conditions associated with the medical risks of Mg alloy disintegration. NIRS is used to investigate the degradation behaviour of Mg-based disks in the cell culture media, which is correlated with the surface analysis where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Wajahat Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Research Laboratory, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (A.B.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Alejandro Barrantes
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Research Laboratory, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (A.B.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Research Laboratory, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (M.R.); (A.B.); (H.J.H.)
| | - Peyman Mirtaheri
- Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence:
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9
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Munteanu C, Vlad DM, Sindilar EV, Istrate B, Butnaru M, Pasca SA, Nastasa RO, Mihai I, Burlea SL. Novel Mg-0.5Ca-xMn Biodegradable Alloys Intended for Orthopedic Application: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237262. [PMID: 34885417 PMCID: PMC8658333 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mg-based biodegradable materials, used for medical applications, have been extensively studied in the past decades. The in vitro cytocompatibility study showed that the proliferation and viability (as assessed by quantitative MTT-assay-3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were not negatively affected with time by the addition of Mn as an alloying element. In this sense, it should be put forward that the studied alloys don't have a cytotoxic effect according to the standard ISO 10993-5, i.e., the level of the cells' viability (cultured with the studied experimental alloys) attained both after 1 day and 5 days was over 82% (i.e., 82, 43-89, 65%). Furthermore, the fibroblastic cells showed variable morphology (evidenced by fluorescence microscopy) related to the alloy sample's proximity (i.e., related to the variation on the Ca, Mg, and Mn ionic concentration as a result of alloy degradation). It should be mentioned that the cells presented a polygonal morphology with large cytoplasmic processes in the vicinity of the alloy's samples, and a bipolar morphology in the remote region of the wells. Moreover, the in vitro results seem to indicate that only 0.5% Mn is sufficient to improve the chemical stability, and thus the cytocompatibility; from this point of view, it could provide some flexibility in choosing the right alloy for a specific medical application, depending on the specific parameters of each alloy, such as its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In order to assess the in vivo compatibility of each concentration of alloy, the pieces were implanted in four rats, in two distinct body regions, i.e., the lumbar and thigh. The body's reaction was followed over time, 60 days, both by general clinical examinations considering macroscopic changes, and by laboratory examinations, which revealed macroscopic and microscopic changes using X-rays, CT(Computed Tomography), histology exams and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). In both anatomical regions, for each of the tested alloys, deformations were observed, i.e., a local reaction of different intensities, starting the day after surgery. The release of hydrogen gas that forms during Mg alloy degradation occurred immediately after implantation in all five of the groups examined, which did not affect the normal functionality of the tissues surrounding the implants. Imaging examinations (radiological and CT) revealed the presence of the alloy and the volume of hydrogen gas in the lumbar and femoral region in varying amounts. The biodegradable alloys in the Mg-Ca-Mn system have great potential to be used in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Munteanu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.); (R.O.N.)
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, 26 Dacia Blvd., 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Maria Vlad
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 9-13 Kogălniceanu Str, 700454 Iasi, Romania;
- TRANSCEND Research Centre, Regional Institute of Oncology, Str. G-ral Henri Mathias Berthelot 2-4, 700483 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.V.); (E.-V.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Eusebiu-Viorel Sindilar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.P.); (I.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.V.); (E.-V.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Bogdan Istrate
- Mechanical Engineering Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.); (R.O.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.M.V.); (E.-V.S.); (B.I.)
| | - Maria Butnaru
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 9-13 Kogălniceanu Str, 700454 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Sorin Aurelian Pasca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Roxana Oana Nastasa
- Mechanical Engineering Department, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (C.M.); (R.O.N.)
| | - Iuliana Mihai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 8, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (S.A.P.); (I.M.)
| | - Stefan-Lucian Burlea
- Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Iasi, 9-13 Kogălniceanu Str, 700454 Iasi, Romania;
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10
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Helmholz H, Will O, Penate-Medina T, Humbert J, Damm T, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Willumeit-Römer R, Glüer CC, Penate-Medina O. Tissue responses after implantation of biodegradable Mg alloys evaluated by multimodality 3D micro-bioimaging in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1521-1529. [PMID: 33590952 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The local response of tissue triggered by implantation of degradable magnesium-based implant materials was investigated in vivo in a murine model. Pins (5.0 mm length by 0.5 mm diameter) made of Mg, Mg-10Gd, and Ti were implanted in the leg muscle tissue of C57Bl/6N mice (n = 6). Implantation was generally well tolerated as documented by only a mild short term increase in a multidimensional scoring index. Lack of difference between the groups indicated that the response was systemic and surgery related rather than material dependent. Longitudinal in vivo monitoring utilizing micro-computed tomography over 42 days demonstrated the highest and most heterogeneous degradation for Mg-10Gd. Elemental imaging of the explants by micro X-ray fluorescence spectrometry showed a dense calcium-phosphate-containing degradation layer. In order to monitor resulting surgery induced and/or implant material associated local cell stress, sphingomyelin based liposomes containing indocyanine green were administered. An initial increase in fluorescent signals (3-7 days after implantation) indicating cell stress at the site of the implantation was measured by in vivo fluorescent molecular tomography. The signal decreased until the 42nd day for all materials. These findings demonstrate that Mg based implants are well tolerated causing only mild and short term adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Helmholz
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Olga Will
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tuula Penate-Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Humbert
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Damm
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berengere Luthringer-Feyerabend
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Department Biological Characterization, Helmholtz-Center Geesthacht Institute for Material and Coastal Research; Institute of Materials Research, Division of Metallic Biomaterials, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oula Penate-Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging and Molecular Imaging, North Competence Center, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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11
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Smith ME, Rose DP, Cui X, Stastny AL, Zhang P, Heineman WR. A Visual Hydrogen Sensor Prototype for Monitoring Magnesium Implant Biodegradation. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10487-10494. [PMID: 34279086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alternative metals such as magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been recently developed for clinical applications such as temporary implants for bone and tissue repair due to their desirable mechanical properties and ability to biodegrade harmlessly in vivo by releasing Mg2+, OH-, and H2 as biodegradation products. The current methods for monitoring in vivo Mg-alloy biodegradation are either invasive and/or costly, complex, or require large equipment and specially trained personnel, thus making real-time and point-of-care monitoring of Mg-alloy implants problematic. Therefore, innovative methods are critically needed. The objective of this research was to develop a novel, thin, and wearable visual H2 sensor prototype for noninvasive monitoring of in vivo Mg-implant biodegradation in medical research and clinical settings with a fast response time. In this work, we successfully demonstrate such a prototype composed of resazurin and catalytic bimetallic gold-palladium nanoparticles (Au-Pd NPs) incorporated into a thin agarose/alginate hydrogel matrix that rapidly changes color from blue to pink upon exposure to various levels of H2 at a constant flow rate. The irreversible redox reactions occurring in the sensor involve H2, in the presence of Au-Pd NPs, converting resazurin to resorufin. To quantify the sensor color changes, ImageJ software was used to analyze photographs of the sensor taken with a smartphone during H2 exposure. The sensor concentration range was from pure H2 down to limits of detection of 6 and 8 μM H2 (defined via two methods). This range is adequate for the intended application of noninvasively monitoring in vivo Mg-alloy implant biodegradation in animals for medical research and patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - Daniel P Rose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - Xiaoyu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - Angela L Stastny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172 United States
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12
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Amukarimi S, Mozafari M. Biodegradable magnesium-based biomaterials: An overview of challenges and opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:123-144. [PMID: 34766139 PMCID: PMC8491235 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As promising biodegradable materials with nontoxic degradation products, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have received more and more attention in the biomedical field very recently. Having excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanical properties, magnesium-based alloys currently cover a broad range of applications in the biomedical field. The use of Mg-based biomedical devices eliminates the need for biomaterial removal surgery after the healing process and reduces adverse effects induced by the implantation of permanent biomaterials. However, the high corrosion rate of Mg-based implants leads to unexpected degradation, structural failure, hydrogen evolution, alkalization, and cytotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, alloying Mg with suitable alloying elements and surface treatment come highly recommended. In this area, open questions remain on the behavior of Mg-based biomaterials in the human body and the effects of different factors that have resulted in these challenges. In addition to that, many techniques are yet to be verified to turn these challenges into opportunities. Accordingly, this article aims to review major challenges and opportunities for Mg-based biomaterials to minimize the challenges for the development of novel biomaterials made of Mg and its alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukufe Amukarimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in MedicineIran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS)TehranIran
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13
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Li M, Hu K, Lin D, Wang Z, Xu M, Huang J, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yin L, You R, Li CH, Guan YQ. Synthesis of Double Interfering Biodegradable Nano-MgO Micelle Composites and Their Effect on Parkinson's Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1216-1229. [PMID: 33560819 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although gene therapy targeting the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) has achieved outstanding results in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the lack of a suitable gene delivery system and inadequate therapeutic effects remains a tremendous obstacle for RNAi therapy. Here, a degradable nano-MgO micelle composite (MgO(pDNA)-INS-Plu-mRNA-NGF) with double interference (mediated by RNAi and α-synuclein (α-syn)-targeted mRNA) was constructed. Binding mRNA treatment significantly increased the inhibitory effect compared to the reduction of α-syn expression by RNAi alone. Moreover, the cell experiments demonstrated that the viability of the PD cell model can be significantly improved by nano-MgO micelle composite treatment. More importantly, the composite has the ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier and deliver genes and mRNA to neurons through endocytosis mediated by the nerve growth factor and its receptors, thus significantly downregulating the expression of α-syn in the PD mice model without causing damage to other major organs. Overall, this work provides a novel insight into the design of biomaterials for gene therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Kaikai Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danmin Lin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Mingze Xu
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jinpeng Huang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Liang Yin
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Rong You
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chu-Hua Li
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yan-Qing Guan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou 511400, China.,Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spectral Analysis and Functional Probes, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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14
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Peng F, Cheng S, Zhang R, Li M, Zhou J, Wang D, Zhang Y. Zn-contained mussel-inspired film on Mg alloy for inhibiting bacterial infection and promoting bone regeneration. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa044. [PMID: 33732490 PMCID: PMC7947588 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and insufficient osteointegration are the main causes of orthopedic implant failure. Furthermore, activating favorable inflammation response is vital to the fast osteointegration of implants. Therefore, endowing the implants with multifunctions (antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and pro-osteointegration) is a promising strategy to improve the performance of orthopedic implants. In this study, a Zn-contained polydopamine (PDA) film was fabricated on AZ31 alloy. The film possessed a stable Zn ion release in 14 days. The results of electrochemical analysis implied the favorable corrosion protection of the film, and thus, leading to a suitable hemolysis ratio (below 1%). The in vitro antibacterial assessment revealed that the film exhibited excellent resistance against Staphylococcus aureus (nearly 100%), which can be ascribed to the release of Zn ions. The cell-culture evaluation revealed that the extract of Zn-contained PDA-coated sample can activate RAW264.7 polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as well as enhance the osteogenic differentiation ability of MC3T3-E1. Additionally, the femoral osteomyelitis model indicated that the as-prepared film had a high antibacterial capability at early stage of the implantation, and showed better osteogenesis and osteointegration after 8 weeks of implantation. With favorable antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and pro-osteogenesis abilities, the novel designed Zn-contained PDA film is promising to be used in Mg-based orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jielong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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15
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Cheng S, Zhang D, Li M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Qian S, Peng F. Osteogenesis, angiogenesis and immune response of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide coating on pure Mg. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:91-105. [PMID: 32817917 PMCID: PMC7426541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are widely studied to enhance corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of Mg alloys, which are promising bone implants. However, the influence of LDH coating on the osteointegration of Mg implants lacks of a systematic study. In this work, Mg-Al LDH coating was prepared on pure Mg via hydrothermal treatment. The as-prepared Mg-Al LDH coated Mg exhibited better in vitro and in vivo corrosion resistance than bare Mg and Mg(OH)2 coated Mg. In vitro culture of mouse osteoblast cell line (MC3T3-E1) suggested that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg was more favorable for its osteogenic differentiation. In vitro culture of HUVECs revealed that cells cultured in the extract of Mg-Al LDH coated Mg showed superior angiogenic behaviors. More importantly, the immune response of Mg-Al LDH coated Mg was studied by in vitro culturing murine-derived macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The results verified that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg could induce macrophage polarize to M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory). Furthermore, the secreted factor in the macrophage-conditioned culture medium of Mg-Al LDH group was more suitable for the bone differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) and the angiogenic behavior of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Finally, the result of femoral implantation suggested that Mg-Al LDH coated Mg exhibited better osteointegration than bare Mg and Mg(OH)2 coated Mg. With favorable in vitro and in vivo performances, Mg-Al LDH is promising as protective coating on Mg for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Cixi Center of Biomaterials Surface Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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16
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Li W, Yuan F, Bai J, Cheng J, Li H, Zheng J, Bai W, Lyu P. In vivo evaluation of bending strengths and degradation rates of different magnesium pin designs for oral stapler. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2020; 18:2280800019836400. [PMID: 33372827 DOI: 10.1177/2280800019836400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium alloys have been potential biodegradable implants in the areas of bone, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, and so on. The purpose of this study is to evaluate Mg-2Zn alloy degradation as a potential suture material. The study included Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats in vivo. In 24 male SD rats, tests in the leg muscle were conducted using traditional surgical incision and insertion of magnesium alloys of different designs into the tissue. The material degradation topography, elemental composition, and strength of the pins were analyzed. This paper explores magnesium pins with different cross-sectional shapes and diameters to establish a suitable pin diameter and shape for use as an oral stapler, which must have a good balance of degradation rate and strength. The results showed there were good bending strengths over different degradation periods in groups with diameters of 0.8 mm and 0.5 mm, and no significantly different bending strength between the groups of triangle and round cross-section shapes with same diameter of 0.3 mm, although the degradation rate still needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fusong Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiao Zheng
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Dental Medical Devices Testing Center, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Lyu
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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17
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Construction of tantalum/poly(ether imide) coatings on magnesium implants with both corrosion protection and osseointegration properties. Bioact Mater 2020; 6:1189-1200. [PMID: 33163700 PMCID: PMC7595939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ether imide) (PEI) has shown satisfactory corrosion protection capability with good adhesion strength as a coating for magnesium (Mg), a potential candidate of biodegradable orthopedic implant material. However, its innate hydrophobic property causes insufficient osteoblast affinity and a lack of osseointegration. Herein, we modify the physical and chemical properties of a PEI-coated Mg implant. A plasma immersion ion implantation technique is combined with direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering to introduce biologically compatible tantalum (Ta) onto the surface of the PEI coating. The PEI-coating layer is not damaged during this process owing to the extremely short processing time (30 s), retaining its high corrosion protection property and adhesion stability. The Ta-implanted layer (roughly 10-nm-thick) on the topmost PEI surface generates long-term surface hydrophilicity and favorable surface conditions for pre-osteoblasts to adhere, proliferate, and differentiate. Furthermore, in a rabbit femur study, the Ta/PEI-coated Mg implant demonstrates significantly enhanced bone tissue affinity and osseointegration capability. These results indicate that Ta/PEI-coated Mg is promising for achieving early mechanical fixation and long-term success in biodegradable orthopedic implant applications. PEI coating with subsequent Ta ion implantation was prepared on WE43 Mg alloy implant. The corrosion resistance of Mg alloy implant was improved by Ta embedded PEI coating. The wettability of PEI coating layer was enhanced by embedded Ta on its top-surface. Ta embedded PEI coating significantly improved in vitro and in vivo responses. Ta embedded PEI-coated Mg is highly suitable as a biodegradable orthopedic implant material.
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18
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A Review of In-Vivo and In-Vitro Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring Systems of Biodegradable Metal Implants. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In current modern medicine, biodegradable metal implants are still considered a work-in-progress between the collaborations of both scientists and engineers. As of now, one of the obstacles to this development is monitoring the corrosion rate of the implant. When a biodegradable metal implant (made of Mg, Zn, etc.) is introduced into the harsh environment of the human body, corrosion naturally occurs, causing metal ions to be released which may result in undesired health effects. The released products of the corroding implant can be used to monitor the implant condition. This paper discusses the current real-time corrosion monitoring systems (i.e., electrochemical-, microsensor-, and microdialysis-based) in-vivo and in-vitro. It is acknowledged that the progress in this sector still requires extensive research in order to obtain a desirable monitoring system and it is hoped that this review paper contributes to the research.
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19
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Huang S, Wang B, Zhang X, Lu F, Wang Z, Tian S, Li D, Yang J, Cao F, Cheng L, Gao Z, Li Y, Qin K, Zhao D. High-purity weight-bearing magnesium screw: Translational application in the healing of femoral neck fracture. Biomaterials 2020; 238:119829. [PMID: 32058868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg)-based metals can be used as next-generation fracture internal fixation devices due to their specific properties. We used vascularized bone grafting fixed by degradable pure Mg screws and obtained satisfactory results in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, the mechanical properties of these screws make them weaker than those made of traditional metals. In particular, one of the main challenges of using screws made of Mg-based metals is their application in fixation at important weight-bearing sites in the human body. Femoral neck fracture is a common clinical injury. In this injury, the large bearing stress at the junction requires a fixation device with extremely high mechanical strength. Surgery and appropriate internal fixation can accelerate the healing of femoral neck fractures. Traditional internal fixation devices have some disadvantages after surgery, including stress shielding effects and the need for secondary surgery to remove screws. On the basis of previous work, we developed high-strength pure Mg screws for femoral neck fractures. In this study, we describe the first use of high-purity Mg to prepare large-size weight-bearing screws for the fixation of femoral neck fractures in goats. We then performed a 48 weeks follow-up study using in vivo transformation experiments. The results show that these biodegradable high-purity Mg weight-bearing screws had sufficient mechanical strength and a degradation rate compatible with bone repair. Furthermore, good bone formation was achieved during the degradation process and reconstruction of the bone tissue and blood supply of the femoral head and femoral neck. This study provides a basis for future research on the clinical transformation of biodegradable high-purity Mg weight-bearing screws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electronical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Benjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Faqiang Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Zongpu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Simiao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongyi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electronical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziqi Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Yangde Li
- Dongguan Eontec Co., Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Kairong Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electronical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electronical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
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20
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Yang L, Guo P, Niu Z, Li F, Song Z, Xu C, Liu H, Sun W, Ren T. Influence of Mg on the mechanical properties and degradation performance of as-extruded Zn Mg Ca alloys: In vitro and in vivo behavior. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 95:220-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Absorbable metals have been introduced as materials to fabricate temporary medical implants. Iron, magnesium and zinc have been considered as major base elements of such metals. The metallurgical characterization and in-vitro corrosion assessment of these metals have been covered by the new ASTM standards F3160 and F3268. However, the in-vivo corrosion characterization and assessment of absorbable metal implants are not yet well established. The corrosion of metals in the in-vivo environment leads to metal ion release and corrosion product formation that may cause excessive toxicity. The aim of this work is to introduce the techniques to assess absorbable metal implants and their in-vivo corrosion behavior. This contains the existing approaches, e.g., implant retrieval and histological analysis, ultrasonography and radiography, and the new techniques for real-time in-vivo corrosion monitoring.
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22
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Han HS, Jang GH, Jun I, Seo H, Park J, Glyn-Jones S, Seok HK, Lee KH, Mantovani D, Kim YC, Edwards JR. Transgenic zebrafish model for quantification and visualization of tissue toxicity caused by alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13818. [PMID: 30218086 PMCID: PMC6138638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of alloying elements in newly developed biodegradable metals can be assessed through relatively low-cost and rapid in vitro studies using different cell types. However, such approaches have limitations; as such, additional investigations in small mammalian models are required that recapitulate the physiological environment. In this study, we established a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model for cytotoxicity evaluations that combines the physiological aspects of an animal model with the speed and simplicity of a cell-based assay. The model was used to assess the cytotoxicity of five common alloying elements in biodegradable implant materials. Conventional in vitro testing using heart, liver, and endothelial cell lines performed in parallel with zebrafish studies revealed statistically significant differences in toxicity (up to 100-fold), along with distinct changes in the morphology of the heart, liver, and blood vessels that were undetectable in cell cultures. These results indicate that our zebrafish model is a useful alternative to mammalian systems for accurately and rapidly evaluating the in vivo toxicity of newly developed metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Seop Han
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Hyuk Jang
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- NuclixBio, Seoul, 08380, Republic of Korea
| | - Indong Jun
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Hyunseon Seo
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Sion Glyn-Jones
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Hyun-Kwang Seok
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering, CRC-I, Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - James R Edwards
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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23
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Advances and Challenges of Biodegradable Implant Materials with a Focus on Magnesium-Alloys and Bacterial Infections. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8070532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Hermawan H. Updates on the research and development of absorbable metals for biomedical applications. Prog Biomater 2018; 7:93-110. [PMID: 29790132 PMCID: PMC6068061 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-018-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Absorbable metals, metals that corrode in physiological environment, constitute a new class of biomaterials intended for temporary medical implant applications. The introduction of these metals has shifted the established paradigm of metal implants from preventing corrosion to its direct application. Interest toward absorbable metals has been growing in the past decade. This is proved by the rapid increase in scientific publication, progressive development of standards, and launching the first commercial products. Iron, magnesium, zinc, and their alloys are the current three absorbable metals families. Magnesium-based metals are the most progressing family with a large data set obtained from both basic and translational research. Iron-based metals are still facing a major challenge of low in vivo corrosion rate despite the significant efforts that have been put to overcome its weakness. Zinc-based metals are the new alternative absorbable metals with moderate corrosion rates that fall between those of iron and magnesium. This manuscript provides a brief review on the latest progress in the research and development of absorbable metals, the most important findings, the remaining challenges, and the perspective on the future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Hermawan
- Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering and CHU de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec City, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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25
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Zhao D, Brown A, Wang T, Yoshizawa S, Sfeir C, Heineman WR. In vivo quantification of hydrogen gas concentration in bone marrow surrounding magnesium fracture fixation hardware using an electrochemical hydrogen gas sensor. Acta Biomater 2018; 73:559-566. [PMID: 29684620 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) medical devices are currently being marketed for orthopedic applications and have a complex degradation process which includes the evolution of hydrogen gas (H2). The effect of H2 exposure on relevant cell types has not been studied; and the concentration surrounding degrading Mg devices has not been quantified to enable such mechanistic studies. A simple and effective method to measure the concentration of H2 in varying microenvironments surrounding Mg implants is the first step to understanding the biological impact of H2 on these cells. Here, the in vivo measurement of H2 surrounding fracture fixation devices implanted in vivo is demonstrated. An electrochemical H2 microsensor detected increased levels of H2 at three anatomical sites with a response time of about 30 s. The sensor showed the H2 concentration in the bone marrow at 1 week post-implantation (1460 ± 320 µM) to be much higher than measured in the subcutaneous tissue (550 ± 210 µM) and at the skin surface (120 ± 50 µM). Additionally, the H2 concentrations measured in the bone marrow exceeded the concentration in a H2 saturated water solution (∼800 µM). These results suggest that H2 emanating from Mg implants in bone during degradation pass through the bone marrow and become at least partially trapped because of slow permeation through the bone. This study is the first to identify H2 concentrations in the bone marrow environment and will enable in vitro experiments to be executed at clinically relevant H2 concentrations to explore possible biological effects of H2 exposure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE An electrochemical H2 sensor was used to monitor the degradation of a Mg fracture fixation system in a lapine ulna fracture model. Interestingly, the H2 concentration in the bone marrow is 82% higher than H2 saturated water solution. This suggests H2 generated in situ is trapped in the bone marrow and bone is less permeable than the surrounding tissues. The detectable H2 at the rabbit skin also demonstrates a H2 sensor's ability to monitor the degradation process under thin layers of tissue. H2 sensing shows promise as a tool for monitoring the degradation of Mg alloy in vivo and creating in vitro test beds to more mechanistically evaluate the effects of varying H2 concentrations on cell types relevant to osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoli Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Andrew Brown
- Department of Periodontics and Preventative Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
| | - Sayuri Yoshizawa
- Department of Periodontics and Preventative Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Periodontics and Preventative Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - William R Heineman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton Court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA.
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Yu Y, Lu H, Sun J. Long-term in vivo evolution of high-purity Mg screw degradation - Local and systemic effects of Mg degradation products. Acta Biomater 2018; 71:215-224. [PMID: 29505891 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) based materials are the focus of research for use as degradable materials in orthopedics and cranio-maxillofacial surgery. However, corrosion rate control and biosecurity are still the key issues that need to be solved prior to their clinical applications. In the present study, as-rolled high-purity magnesium (HP Mg, 99.99 wt%) screws were implanted in rabbit tibiae for up to 52 weeks in order to investigate their long-term in vivo degradation and the local and systemic effects of their degradation products. A series of long-term monitoring were performed at various time points (4w, 12w, 26w and 52w) after implantation using numerous investigations such as micro-CT assay, histomorphometric analysis, local micro-environment testing and biochemical analysis of serum and urine. It was revealed that HP Mg screws had a uniform degradation morphology and a slow degradation rate in vivo during the period of 52 weeks. Their degradation products not only increased the local pH values but also changed the local Mg2+ ions concentration and gas cavity area in the peri-implant tissues in a dynamic manner. More importantly, both the new bone formation and bone-implant contact rate were increased at bone-implant interfaces at 26 weeks and 52 weeks post-implantation. Furthermore, neither abnormal elevation of serum magnesium and urine magnesium level, nor liver and kidney dysfunction were detected during the monitoring period of 26 weeks. All these results of long-term investigation suggest that HP Mg screws possess a slow degradation rate, desirable bone repair capacity and long-term local/systemic biosafety, and consequently may have good potential for application as bone fixation devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The corrosion resistance control and biosecurity issues of Mg alloys limited their clinical applications in some extent. Mg purification is another effective way to improve corrosion resistance of Mg-based materials. However, the long-term in vivo degradation of high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) and the local and systemic effects of its degradation products have not been fully investigated yet, which are the key factors to determine the clinical application prospect of HP Mg. Especially the changes in peri-implant microenvironment may greatly influence the local physiological response and bone repair. In this study, the long-term evolution tendency of in vivo degradation behavior of HP Mg screws was discovered from the view of space-time. Furthermore, not only the dynamic changes of local microenvironment and the long-term evolution process of bone repair, but also the dynamic systemic responses were systematically revealed. Conclusions of this study may help us to further understand the long-term in vivo evolution of HP Mg degradation and the local/systemic effects of its degradation products and help to guide the design of biodegradable bone fixation material.
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27
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Sato A, Shimizu Y, Imai Y, Mukai T, Yamamoto A, Miura C, Muraki K, Sano Y, Ikeo N, Tachi M. Initial organ distribution and biological safety of Mg
2+
released from a Mg alloy implant. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:035006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaa9d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Wu Y, Li H, Liu Y, Bai X, Chau W, Zheng Y, Qin L. Magnesium alloy based interference screw developed for ACL reconstruction attenuates peri-tunnel bone loss in rabbits. Biomaterials 2018; 157:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Naujokat H, Seitz JM, Açil Y, Damm T, Möller I, Gülses A, Wiltfang J. Osteosynthesis of a cranio-osteoplasty with a biodegradable magnesium plate system in miniature pigs. Acta Biomater 2017; 62:434-445. [PMID: 28844965 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium alloys are a new class of implant material suitable for bone surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate plates and screws made of magnesium for osteosynthesis in comparison to titanium in a cranial fracture model. Implants were used for internal fixation of a cranio-osteoplasty in nine minipigs. Computed tomography was conducted repeatedly after surgery. The implants and the adjacent tissues were harvested 10, 20 and 30weeks after surgery and investigated by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. The surgical procedure and the inserted osteosynthesis material were well tolerated by the animals, and the bone healing of the osteoplasty was undisturbed at all times. The adjacent bone showed formation of lacunas in the magnesium group, resulting in a lower bone-to-implant contact ratio than that of titanium (72 vs. 94% at week 30), but this did not lead to clinical side effects. Radiological measurements showed no reduction in osteosynthesis material volume, but indicated signs of degradation: distinct volumes within the magnesium osteosynthesis group had lower density in micro-computed tomography, and these volumes increased up to 9% at week 30. The histological preparations showed areas of translucency and porosity inside the magnesium, but the outer shape of the osteosynthesis material remained unchanged. No fracture or loosening of the osteosynthesis devices appeared. Soft tissue probes confirmed sufficient biocompatibility. Given their biodegradable capacity, biocompatibility, mechanical strength and visibility on radiographs, osteosynthesis plates made of magnesium alloys are suitable for internal fixation procedures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge this is the first study that used biodegradable magnesium implants for osteosynthesis in a cranial fracture model. The cranio-osteoplasty in miniature pigs allowed in vivo application of plate and screw osteosynthesis of standard-sized implants and the implementation of surgical procedures similar to those conducted on human beings. The osteosynthesis configuration, size, and mechanical properties of the magnesium implants within this study were comparable to those of titanium-based osteosynthesis materials. The results clearly show that bone healing was undisturbed in all cases and that the biocompatibility to hard- and soft tissue was sufficient. Magnesium implants might help to avoid long-term complications and secondary removal procedures due to their biodegradable properties.
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