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Dobkowska A, Kruszewski MJ, Ciftci J, Morończyk B, Zgłobicka I, Zybała R, Żrodowski Ł. Microstructure and Corrosion of Mg-Based Composites Produced from Custom-Made Powders of AZ31 and Ti6Al4V via Pulse Plasma Sintering. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1602. [PMID: 38612116 PMCID: PMC11012319 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys offer promise for aerospace, railway, and 3D technology applications, yet their inherent limitations, including inadequate strength, pose challenges. Magnesium matrix composites, particularly with metallic reinforcements like titanium (Ti) and its alloys, present a viable solution. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of Ti6Al4V reinforcement on AZ31 magnesium alloy composites produced using pulse plasma sintering (PPS). Results show enhanced microhardness of the materials due to improved densification and microstructural refinement. However, Ti6Al4V addition decreased corrosion resistance, leading to strong microgalvanic corrosion and substrate dissolution. Understanding these effects is crucial for designing Mg-based materials for industries like petrochemicals, where degradation-resistant materials are vital for high-pressure environments. This research provides valuable insights into developing Mg-Ti6Al4V composites with tailored properties for diverse industrial applications, highlighting the importance of considering corrosion behavior in material design. Further investigation is warranted to establish predictive correlations between Ti6Al4V content and corrosion rate for optimizing composite performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dobkowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.K.); or (J.C.); or (B.M.)
| | - Mirosław Jakub Kruszewski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.K.); or (J.C.); or (B.M.)
| | - Jakub Ciftci
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.K.); or (J.C.); or (B.M.)
| | - Bartosz Morończyk
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.K.); or (J.C.); or (B.M.)
| | - Izabela Zgłobicka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Rafał Zybała
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Żrodowski
- AMAZEMET Sp. z o. o. [Ltd.], Al. Jana Pawła II 27, 00-867 Warsaw, Poland;
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Martinez DC, Dobkowska A, Marek R, Ćwieka H, Jaroszewicz J, Płociński T, Donik Č, Helmholz H, Luthringer-Feyerabend B, Zeller-Plumhoff B, Willumeit-Römer R, Święszkowski W. In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00) screws for orthopedic applications. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:132-154. [PMID: 37250863 PMCID: PMC10209338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys have become a potential material for orthopedic implants due to their unnecessary implant removal, biocompatibility, and mechanical integrity until fracture healing. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo degradation of an Mg fixation screw composed of Mg-0.45Zn-0.45Ca (ZX00, in wt.%). With ZX00 human-sized implants, in vitro immersion tests up to 28 days under physiological conditions, along with electrochemical measurements were performed for the first time. In addition, ZX00 screws were implanted in the diaphysis of sheep for 6, 12, and 24 weeks to assess the degradation and biocompatibility of the screws in vivo. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), micro-computed tomography (μCT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and histology, the surface and cross-sectional morphologies of the corrosion layers formed, as well as the bone-corrosion-layer-implant interfaces, were analyzed. Our findings from in vivo testing demonstrated that ZX00 alloy promotes bone healing and the formation of new bone in direct contact with the corrosion products. In addition, the same elemental composition of corrosion products was observed for in vitro and in vivo experiments; however, their elemental distribution and thicknesses differ depending on the implant location. Our findings suggest that the corrosion resistance was microstructure-dependent. The head zone was the least corrosion-resistant, indicating that the production procedure could impact the corrosion performance of the implant. In spite of this, the formation of new bone and no adverse effects on the surrounding tissues demonstrated that the ZX00 is a suitable Mg-based alloy for temporary bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Martinez
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Dobkowska
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Romy Marek
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna Ćwieka
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Črtomir Donik
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, University of Ljubljana, Lepi Pot 11, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heike Helmholz
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Berit Zeller-Plumhoff
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Regine Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon GmbH, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Biomaterials Group, Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
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Chmielewska A, Dobkowska A, Kijeńska-Gawrońska E, Jakubczak M, Krawczyńska A, Choińska E, Jastrzębska A, Dean D, Wysocki B, Święszkowski W. Biological and Corrosion Evaluation of In Situ Alloyed NiTi Fabricated through Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13209. [PMID: 34948005 PMCID: PMC8706883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, NiTi alloy parts were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LBPF) from pre-alloyed NiTi powder and in situ alloyed pure Ni and Ti powders. Comparative research on the corrosive and biological properties of both studied materials was performed. Electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out in phosphate buffered saline at 37 °C, and the degradation rate of the materials was described based on Ni ion release measurements. Cytotoxicity, bacterial growth, and adhesion to the surface of the fabricated coupons were evaluated using L929 cells and spherical Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria, respectively. The in situ alloyed NiTi parts exhibit slightly lower corrosion resistance in phosphate buffered saline solution than pre-alloyed NiTi. Moreover, the passive layer formed on in situ alloyed NiTi is weaker than the one formed on the NiTi fabricated from pre-alloyed NiTi powder. Furthermore, in situ alloyed NiTi and NiTi made from pre-alloyed powders have comparable cytotoxicity and biological properties. Overall, the research has shown that nitinol sintered using in situ alloyed pure Ni and Ti is potentially useful for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Chmielewska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Dobkowska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Kijeńska-Gawrońska
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Technologies CEZAMAT, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19 Str., 02-822 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Michał Jakubczak
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Krawczyńska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Emilia Choińska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Jastrzębska
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
| | - David Dean
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Rd., Columbus, OH 43212, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 W 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bartłomiej Wysocki
- Centre of Digital Science and Technology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Woloska 141 Str., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (M.J.); (A.K.); (E.C.); (A.J.)
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Dobkowska A, Sotniczuk A, Bazarnik P, Mizera J, Garbacz H. Corrosion Behavior of Cold-Formed AA5754 Alloy Sheets. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14020394. [PMID: 33466894 PMCID: PMC7830016 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of bending an AA5457 alloy sheet and the resulting microstructural changes on its corrosion behavior was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to perform detailed microstructural analyses of the alloy in its original form and after bending. After immersion in naturally-aged NaCl under open-circuit conditions (0.5 M, adjusted to 3 by HCl), post-corrosion observations were made, and electrochemical polarization measurements were performed to investigate the corrosion mechanisms occurring on both surfaces. The results showed that the corrosion of AA5457 is a complex process that mainly involves trenching around coarse Si-rich particles, crystallographically-grown large pits, and the formation of multiple tiny pits around Si-rich nanoparticles. The experimental data showed that bending AA5457 changed the shape and distribution of Si-rich coarse particles, cumulated a higher dislocation density in the material, especially around Si-rich nanoparticles, and all of these factors caused that corrosion behavior of the AA5754 in the bending area was lowered.
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