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Terada E, Isono T, Satoh T, Yamamoto T, Kakuchi T, Sato S. All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Temperature Response of Poly(glycidyl ether)s with Oligooxyethylene Side Chains Terminated with Alkyl Groups. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101628. [PMID: 37242043 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, experimental investigations of a class of temperature-responsive polymers tethered to oligooxyethylene side chains terminated with alkyl groups have been conducted. In this study, aqueous solutions of poly(glycidyl ether)s (PGE) with varying numbers of oxyethylene units, poly(methyl(oligooxyethylene)n glycidyl ether) (poly(Me(EO)nGE)), and poly(ethyl(oligooxyethylene)n glycidyl ether) (poly(Et(EO)nGE) (n = 0, 1, and 2) were investigated by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on the thermal responses of their chain extensions, the recombination of intrapolymer and polymer-water hydrogen bonds, and water-solvation shells around the alkyl groups. No clear relationship was established between the phase-transition temperature and the polymer-chain extensions unlike the case for the coil-globule transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). However, the temperature response of the first water-solvation shell around the alkyl group exhibited a notable correlation with the phase-transition temperature. In addition, the temperature at which the hydrophobic hydration shell strength around the terminal alkyl group equals the bulk water density (TCRP) was slightly lower than the cloud point temperature (TCLP) for the methyl-terminated poly(Me(EO)nGE) and slightly higher for the ethyl-terminated poly(Et(EO)nGE). It was concluded that the polymer-chain fluctuation affects the relationship between TCRP and TCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Terada
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Research Center for Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Weixing Road 7989, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shinichiro Sato
- Graduate School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. "Fuzzy hair" promotes cell sheet detachment from thermoresponsive brushes already above their volume phase transition temperature. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213101. [PMID: 36087558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) brushes have shown to be viable substrates for the culture and temperature-triggered detachment of confluent cell sheets. Surface-tethered PGEs with a cloud point temperature (TCP) around ~30 °C exhibit phase transitions well-centered within the physiological range (20-37 °C), which makes them ideal candidates for cell sheet fabrication. However, PGEs with TCPs at ~20 °C also afford the detachment of various types of cell sheets, even at room temperature (20-23 °C), i.e., above the polymers' TCPs. In this study, we investigate the phase transition of PGE brushes tethered to polystyrene (PS) culture substrates with varying grafting density and TCP to arrive at a mechanistic understanding of their functionality in cell sheet fabrication. Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) monitoring, we demonstrate that brushes fabricated from PGEs with TCPs at ~20 °C display volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) well below room temperature. Although the investigated coatings obviously do not exhibit marked thermal switching in terms of brush hydration and layer thickness, their physical properties at the brush-water interface, as ascertained by QCM-D and AFM measurements, undergo subtle changes upon cooling from 37 °C to room temperature which is sufficient to promote cell sheet detachment. Thus, it appears that discreet rehydration of the outmost brush layer, resembling "fuzzy hair" at the brush-water interface, renders the surfaces less protein- and cell-adhesive at room temperature. This minor structural change of the interface allows for the reliable detachment of human dermal fibroblast sheets already at 20 °C well above the VPTT of the brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Matthes R, Frey H. Polyethers Based on Short-Chain Alkyl Glycidyl Ethers: Thermoresponsive and Highly Biocompatible Materials. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2219-2235. [PMID: 35622963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymerization of short-chain alkyl glycidyl ethers (SCAGEs) enables the synthesis of biocompatible polyethers with finely tunable hydrophilicity. Aliphatic polyethers, most prominently poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), are utilized in manifold biomedical applications due to their excellent biocompatibility and aqueous solubility. By incorporation of short hydrophobic side-chains at linear polyglycerol, control of aqueous solubility and the respective lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in aqueous solution is feasible. Concurrently, the chemically inert character in analogy to PEG is maintained, as no further functional groups are introduced at the polyether structure. Adjustment of the hydrophilicity and the thermoresponsive behavior of the resulting poly(glycidyl ether)s in a broad temperature range is achieved either by the combination of the different SCAGEs or with PEG as a hydrophilic block. Homopolymers of methyl and ethyl glycidyl ether (PGME, PEGE) are soluble in aqueous solution at room temperature. In contrast, n-propyl glycidyl ether and iso-propyl glycidyl ether lead to hydrophobic polyethers. The use of a variety of ring-opening polymerization techniques allows for controlled polymerization, while simultaneously determining the resulting microstructures. Atactic as well as isotactic polymers are accessible by utilization of the respective racemic or enantiomerically pure monomers. Polymer architectures varying from statistical copolymers, di- and triblock structures to star-shaped architectures, in combination with PEG, have been applied in various thermoresponsive hydrogel formulations or polymeric surface coatings for cell sheet engineering. Materials responding to stimuli are of increasing importance for "smart" biomedical systems, making thermoresponsive polyethers with short-alkyl ether side chains promising candidates for future biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthes
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, Mainz 55128, Germany
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Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. On the foundation of thermal "Switching": The culture substrate governs the phase transition mechanism of thermoresponsive brushes and their performance in cell sheet fabrication. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:243-253. [PMID: 34530139 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermally "switchable" poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) brushes constitute effective coatings for the temperature-triggered harvest of confluent cell sheets. Based on a simple "grafting-to" approach, such coatings can be tethered to various applied plastic culture substrate materials. Herein, we elucidate the self-assembly of PGE brushes with tunable grafting densities up to 0.12 and 0.22 chains nm-2 on polystyrene (PS) and tissue culture PS (TCPS), respectively. In terms of temperature-dependent wettability and protein adsorption, we found that brushes exhibit distinct grafting density-dependent properties which correlate with their cell sheet fabrication performance. In addition, temperature-ramped quartz-crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements revealed marked substrate-specific PGE phase transitions which allowed us to deduce comprehensive switching mechanisms. Thus, we demonstrate that brushes tethered to hydrophilic TCPS (contact angle (CA) ∼ 60°) undergo a "cushioned" transition comprising a non-switchable, hydrated basal layer as well as a switchable top layer which regulates cell sheet detachment. In contrast, PGE brushes tethered to PS undergo a "grounded" transition which is substantially influenced by the dehydrating effect of the less hydrophilic PS substrate (CA ∼ 90°). These divergent phase transition mechanisms give rise to a broad scope in cell sheet fabrication performance, yielding staggered detachment times within a 30 min to 3 h range. Hence, we emphasize the importance of a detailed knowledge on the effect of applied culture substrates on the thermal switchability and phase transition characteristics of thermoresponsive brush coatings to accomplish an optimized design for functional cell culture dishes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As the first comparative study of its kind, we elucidate the substrate-dependent thermal switchability of thermoresponsive brush coatings and evaluate their grafting density-dependent phase transition mechanism and its effect on cell sheet fabrication performance.
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Interaction of Linear Polyelectrolytes with Proteins: Role of Specific Charge-Charge Interaction and Ionic Strength. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091377. [PMID: 34572590 PMCID: PMC8472085 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a thermodynamic study of the interaction of synthetic, linear polyelectrolytes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). All polyelectrolytes are based on poly(allyl glycidyl ether) which has been modified by polymer-analogous reaction with anionic (-SO3Na), cationic (-NH3Cl or -NHMe2Cl) or zwitterionic groups (-NMe2(CH2)3SO3). While the anionic polymer shows a very weak interaction, the zwitterionic polymer exhibits no interaction with BSA (pI = 4.7) under the applied pH = 7.4, ionic strength (I = 23–80 mM) and temperature conditions (T = 20–37 °C). A strong binding, however, was observed for the polycations bearing primary amino or tertiary dimethyl amino groups, which could be analysed in detail by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The analysis was done using an expression which describes the free energy of binding, ΔGb, as the function of the two decisive variables, temperature, T, and salt concentration, cs. The underlying model splits ΔGb into a term related to counterion release and a term related to water release. While the number of released counter ions is similar for both systems, the release of bound water is more important for the primary amine compared to the tertiary N,N-dimethyl amine presenting polymer. This finding is further traced back to a closer contact of the polymers’ protonated primary amino groups in the complex with oppositely charged moieties of BSA as compared to the bulkier protonated tertiary amine groups. We thus present an investigation that quantifies both driving forces for electrostatic binding, namely counterion release and change of hydration, which contribute to a deeper understanding with direct impact on future advancements in the biomedical field.
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Schweigerdt A, Heinen S, Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. Grafting Density-Dependent Phase Transition Mechanism of Thermoresponsive Poly(glycidyl ether) Brushes: A Comprehensive QCM-D Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7087-7096. [PMID: 34077209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive coatings that exhibit "switchable" protein- and cell-adhesive properties are frequently used for the fabrication of cell sheets. Among other architectures, polymer brush coatings have shown to be especially viable due to their distinct phase transition behavior, which can be tailored via a manifold of adjustable brush characteristics, such as the (co)monomer composition, polymer chain length, and grafting density. Brush coatings based on poly(glycidyl ether)s (PGEs) have shown to efficiently mediate cell sheet fabrication when tethered to various tissue culture substrates. Herein, we report the phase transition of self-assembled PGE brushes with respect to polymer molecular weight (M: 10 and 22 kDa) and grafting density (0.07-0.5 chains nm-2) on gold model substrates studied by quasi-static QCM-D temperature ramp measurements. The brush grafting density can be tuned via the applied grafting conditions, and all brushes investigated feature broad phase transition regimes (ΔT ∼15 °C) with volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) close to the cloud point temperatures (CPTs) of the PGEs in solution. We further demonstrate that brush coatings with a low grafting density (0.07-0.12 chains nm-2) exhibit a continuous brush-to-mushroom transition, whereas brushes with medium grafting densities (0.3-0.5 chains nm-2) undergo a brush-to-brush transition comprising vertical phase separation during the phase transition progress. These insights help to understand the transition behavior of thin, thermoresponsive brushes prepared via grafting-to strategies and contribute to their rational design for improved functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schweigerdt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Silke Heinen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniel D Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, Hannover 30167, Germany
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Zahn I, Stöbener DD, Weinhart M, Gögele C, Breier A, Hahn J, Schröpfer M, Meyer M, Schulze-Tanzil G. Cruciate Ligament Cell Sheets Can Be Rapidly Produced on Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) Coating and Successfully Used for Colonization of Embroidered Scaffolds. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040877. [PMID: 33921450 PMCID: PMC8069541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) cell sheets combined with biomechanically competent scaffolds might facilitate ACL tissue engineering. Since thermoresponsive polymers allow a rapid enzyme-free detachment of cell sheets, we evaluated the applicability of a thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) (PGE) coating for cruciate ligamentocyte sheet formation and its influence on ligamentocyte phenotype during sheet-mediated colonization of embroidered scaffolds. Ligamentocytes were seeded on surfaces either coated with PGE or without coating. Detached ligamentocyte sheets were cultured separately or wrapped around an embroidered scaffold made of polylactide acid (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (P(LA-CL)) threads functionalized by gas-phase fluorination and with collagen foam. Ligamentocyte viability, protein and gene expression were determined in sheets detached from surfaces with or without PGE coating, scaffolds seeded with sheets from PGE-coated plates and the respective monolayers. Stable and vital ligamentocyte sheets could be produced within 24 h with both surfaces, but more rapidly with PGE coating. PGE did not affect ligamentocyte phenotype. Scaffolds could be colonized with sheets associated with high cell survival, stable gene expression of ligament-related type I collagen, decorin, tenascin C and Mohawk after 14 d and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. PGE coating facilitates ligamentocyte sheet formation, and sheets colonizing the scaffolds displayed a ligament-related phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Zahn
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Nuremberg Institute of Technology Georg Simon Ohm, Keßlerplatz 12, 90489 Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstr. 19, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.D.S.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (D.D.S.); (M.W.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Department of Biosciences, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstraße 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Annette Breier
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V. (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (A.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Michaela Schröpfer
- FILK Freiberg Institute (FILK), Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Meyer
- FILK Freiberg Institute (FILK), Meißner Ring 1-5, 09599 Freiberg, Germany; (M.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany; (I.Z.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-911-398-(11)-6772
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Tu B, Zhou K, Zhou Q, Gong K, Hu D. Waste to resource: preparation of an efficient adsorbent and its sustainable utilization in flame retardant polyurethane composites. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9942-9954. [PMID: 35423514 PMCID: PMC8695703 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10873a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste and the treatment of water eutrophication, the flower-like magnesium hydroxide (MH) was synthesized from phosphorus tailings by sulfuric acid hydrolysis and a hydrothermal method and then was modified with a metal organic framework (MOF) to remove the phosphates enriched in water through adsorption. Both MH and MOF-modified MH (MH@MOF) presented good removal performance of phosphates. The phosphate-adsorbed composites (MH-P and MH@MOF-P) were sustainably used as effective flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) at low loadings by a solution blending method. The cone calorimetry test results showed that MH@MOF-P can significantly reduce the heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR), total smoke release (TSR), CO release rate and CO2 release rate of TPU composites, compared with those of neat TPU. The novel strategy proposed in this work is of great significance for resource recycling, environmental governance and improving fire safety of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Tu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Kaili Gong
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Dongtao Hu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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Mokhtarinia K, Masaeli E. Transiently thermally responsive surfaces: Concepts for cell sheet engineering. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Stöbener DD, Weinhart M. Thermoresponsive Poly(glycidyl ether) Brush Coatings on Various Tissue Culture Substrates-How Block Copolymer Design and Substrate Material Govern Self-Assembly and Phase Transition. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32846926 PMCID: PMC7563243 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes can be grafted to applied tissue culture substrates and used for the fabrication of primary human cell sheets. The self-assembly of such brushes is achieved via the directed physical adsorption and subsequent UV immobilization of block copolymers equipped with a short, photo-reactive benzophenone-based anchor block. Depending on the chemistry and hydrophobicity of the benzophenone anchor, we demonstrate that such block copolymers exhibit distinct thermoresponsive properties and aggregation behaviors in water. Independent on the block copolymer composition, we developed a versatile grafting-to process which allows the fabrication of poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on various tissue culture substrates from dilute aqueous-ethanolic solution. The viability of this process crucially depends on the chemistry and hydrophobicity of, both, benzophenone-based anchor block and substrate material. Utilizing these insights, we were able to manufacture thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on moderately hydrophobic polystyrene and polycarbonate as well as on rather hydrophilic polyethylene terephthalate and tissue culture-treated polystyrene substrates. We further show that the temperature-dependent switchability of the brush coatings is not only dependent on the cloud point temperature of the block copolymers, but also markedly governed by the hydrophobicity of the surface-bound benzophenone anchor and the subjacent substrate material. Our findings demonstrate that the design of amphiphilic thermoresponsive block copolymers is crucial for their phase transition characteristics in solution and on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany;
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Kim H, Witt H, Oswald TA, Tarantola M. Adhesion of Epithelial Cells to PNIPAm Treated Surfaces for Temperature-Controlled Cell-Sheet Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33516-33529. [PMID: 32631046 PMCID: PMC7467562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli responsive polymer coatings are a common motive for designing surfaces for cell biological applications. In the present study, we have characterized temperature dependent adhesive properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) microgel coated surfaces (PMS) using various atomic force microscopy based approaches. We imaged and quantified the material properties of PMS upon a temperature switch using quantitative AFM imaging but also employed single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) before and after decreasing the temperature to assess the forces and work of initial adhesion between cells and PMS. We performed a detailed analysis of steps in the force-distance curves. Finally, we applied colloid probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) to analyze the adhesive properties of two major components of the extracellular matrix to PMS under temperature control, namely collagen I and fibronectin. In combination with confocal imaging, we could show that these two ECM components differ in their detachment properties from PNIPAm microgel films upon cell harvesting, and thus gained a deeper understanding of cell-sheet maturation and harvesting process and the involved partial ECM dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Kim
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Witt
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tabea A. Oswald
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marco Tarantola
- Max Planck Institute
for Dynamics and Self Organization (MPIDS), Am Fassberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Dynamics of Complex Systems, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund Platz 1, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- E-mail: . Phone: +49-551-5176-316
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Bochenek M, Oleszko-Torbus N, Wałach W, Lipowska-Kur D, Dworak A, Utrata-Wesołek A. Polyglycidol of Linear or Branched Architecture Immobilized on a Solid Support for Biomedical Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1720233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Bochenek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Wałach
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Daria Lipowska-Kur
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Dworak
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
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13
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Sung TC, Yang JS, Yeh CC, Liu YC, Jiang YP, Lu MW, Ling QD, Kumar SS, Chang Y, Umezawa A, Chen H, Higuchi A. The design of a thermoresponsive surface for the continuous culture of human pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119411. [PMID: 31419657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Commonly, stem cell culture is based on batch-type culture, which is laborious and expensive. We continuously cultured human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) on thermoresponsive dish surfaces, where hPSCs were partially detached on the same thermoresponsive dish by decreasing the temperature of the thermoresponsive dish to be below the lower critical solution temperature for only 30 min. Then, the remaining cells were continuously cultured in fresh culture medium, and the detached stem cells were harvested in the exchanged culture medium. hPSCs were continuously cultured for ten cycles on the thermoresponsive dish surface, which was prepared by coating the surface with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-styrene) and oligovitronectin-grafted poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene) or recombinant vitronectin for hPSC binding sites to maintain hPSC pluripotency. After ten cycles of continuous culture on the thermoresponsive dish surface, the detached cells expressed pluripotency proteins and had the ability to differentiate into cells derived from the three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the detached cells differentiated into specific cell lineages, such as cardiomyocytes, with high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Cheng Sung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Peng Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, No. 32, Ln 160, Jian-Cheng Road, Hsi-Chi City, Taipei, 221, Taiwan; Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - S Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan, 320, Taiwan.
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Akon Higuchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda RD., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan; Department of Reproduction, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, No. 16, Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Center for Emergent Matter Science, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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14
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Stöbener DD, Scholz J, Schedler U, Weinhart M. Switchable Oligo(glycidyl ether) Acrylate Bottlebrushes "Grafted-from" Polystyrene Surfaces: A Versatile Strategy toward Functional Cell Culture Substrates. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4207-4218. [PMID: 30339748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive brushes based on linear poly(glycidyl ether)s (PGEs) have already shown to be functional coatings for cell sheet fabrication. In here, we introduce a method to functionalize polystyrene (PS) tissue culture substrates with thermoresponsive coatings comprising glycidyl ether-based bottlebrush architectures. Utilizing the UV-induced "grafting-from" approach, thermoresponsive oligo(glycidyl ether) acrylate (OGEA) macromonomers were polymerized from PS substrates under bulk conditions. Applying ellipsometry, water contact angle (CA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements, we found that OGEA coatings exhibit a complex, gel-like structure comprising nanosized roughness and exhibit a temperature-dependent phase transition in water through the reversible hydration of OGEA bottlebrush side chains. To assess the utility of the coatings as functional substrates for cell sheet fabrication, human dermal fibroblast (HDF) adhesion and detachment were investigated. By adjusting the bottlebrush properties via the grafting procedure and coating structure, we were able to harvest confluent HDF sheets from functionalized PS substrates in a temperature-triggered, controlled manner. As the first report on surface-grafted bottlebrushes comprising thermoresponsive side chains with molecular weight of up to 1 kDa, this study demonstrates the potential of OGEA-based coatings for cell sheet fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universitaet Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Johanna Scholz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universitaet Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Uwe Schedler
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universitaet Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany.,PolyAn GmbH , Rudolf-Baschant-Straße 2 , 13086 Berlin , Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universitaet Berlin , Takustrasse 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
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15
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Stöbener DD, Hoppensack A, Scholz J, Weinhart M. Endothelial, smooth muscle and fibroblast cell sheet fabrication from self-assembled thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:8333-8343. [PMID: 30298896 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a platform to fabricate human dermal fibroblast (HDF), human aortic smooth muscle cell (HAoSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) sheets using thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) coatings. Copolymer brushes based on glycidyl methyl ether (GME) and ethyl glycidyl ether (EGE) were self-assembled onto polystyrene (PS) culture substrates via the physical adsorption of a hydrophobic, photoreactive benzophenone anchor block based on the monomer 4-[2-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)ethoxy]benzophenone (EEBP). The directed self-assembly of well-defined, end-tethered poly(GME-ran-EGE)-block-poly(EEBP) (PGE) brushes was achieved via the selective, EEBP-driven adsorption of the asymmetric block copolymer from dilute aqueous solution below its cloud point temperature (CPT). Subsequently, the PGE brush layers were covalently immobilized onto the PS surfaces by irradiation with UV light and characterized by ellipsometry, static water contact angle (CA) measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found that, by decreasing the temperature from 37 to 20 °C, the coatings undergo a pancake-to-brush transition, which triggers cell sheet detachment. In addition, cell culture parameters were optimized to allow proper adhesion and controlled detachment of confluent HDF, HAoSMC and HUVEC sheets, which can be applied in vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anke Hoppensack
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Johanna Scholz
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Stöbener DD, Donath D, Weinhart M. Fast and solvent-free microwave-assisted synthesis of thermoresponsive oligo(glycidyl ether)s. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Dorian Donath
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet Berlin; Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin Germany
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17
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Preparation of high bioactivity multilayered bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets for myocardial infarction using a 3D-dynamic system. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:182-195. [PMID: 29627677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell sheet techniques offer a promising future for myocardial infarction (MI) therapy; however, insufficient nutrition supply remains the major limitation in maintaining stem cell bioactivity in vitro. In order to enhance cell sheet mechanical strength and bioactivity, a decellularized porcine pericardium (DPP) scaffold was prepared by the phospholipase A2 method, and aspartic acid was used as a spacer arm to improve the vascular endothelial growth factor crosslink efficiency on the DPP scaffold. Based on this scaffold, multilayered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets were rapidly constructed, using RAD16-I peptide hydrogel as a temporary 3D scaffold, and cell sheets were cultured in either the 3D-dynamic system (DCcs) or the traditional static condition (SCcs). The multilayered structure, stem cell bioactivity, and ultrastructure of DCcs and SCcs were assessed. The DCcs exhibited lower apoptosis, lower differentiation, and an improved paracrine effect after a 48 h culture in vitro compared to the SCcs. Four groups were set to evaluate the cell sheet effect in rat MI model: sham group, MI control group, DCcs group, and SCcs group. The DCcs group improved cardiac function and decreased the infarcted area compared to the MI control group, while no significant improvements were observed in the SCcs group. Improved cell survival, angiogenesis, and Sca-1+ cell and c-kit+ cell amounts were observed in the DCcs group. In conclusion, the DCcs maintained higher stem cell bioactivity by using the 3D-dynamic system to provide sufficient nutrition, and transplanting DCcs significantly improved the cardiac function and angiogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study provides an efficient method to prepare vascular endothelial growth factor covalent decellularized pericardium scaffold with aspartic acid, and a multilayered bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheet is constructed on it using a 3D-dynamic system. The dynamic nutrition supply showed a significant benefit on BMSC bioactivity in vitro, including decreasing cell apoptosis, reducing stem cell differentiation, and improving growth factor secretion. These favorable bioactivity improved BMSC survival, angiogenesis, and cardiac function of the infarcted myocardium. The study highlights the importance of dynamic nutrition supply on maintaining stem cell bioactivity within cell sheet, and it stresses the necessity and significance of setting a standard for assessing cell sheet products before transplantation in the future application.
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18
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Heinen S, Rackow S, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Donskyi IS, Unger WES, Weinhart M. Transfer of functional thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) coatings for cell sheet fabrication from gold to glass surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:1489-1500. [PMID: 32254213 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb03263c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymer coatings can facilitate cell sheet fabrication under mild conditions by promoting cell adhesion and proliferation at 37 °C. At lower temperatures the detachment of confluent cell sheets is triggered without enzymatic treatment. Thus, confluent cell sheets with intact extracellular matrix for regenerative medicine or tissue engineering applications become available. Herein, we applied the previously identified structural design parameters of functional, thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) brushes on gold to the more application-relevant substrate glass via the self-assembly of a corresponding block copolymer (PGE-AA) with a short surface-reactive, amine-presenting anchor block. Both, physical and covalent immobilization on glass via either multivalent ionic interactions of the anchor block with bare glass or the coupling of the anchor block to a polydopamine (PDA) adhesion layer on glass resulted in stable coatings. Atomic force microscopy revealed a high degree of roughness of covalently attached coatings on the PDA adhesion layer, while physically attached coatings on bare glass were smooth and in the brush-like regime. Cell sheets of primary human dermal fibroblasts detached reliably (86%) and within 20 ± 10 min from physically tethered PGE-AA coatings on glass when prepared under cloud point grafting conditions. The presence of the laterally inhomogeneous PDA adhesion layer, however, hindered the spontaneous temperature-triggered cell detachment from covalently grafted PGE-AA, decreasing both detachment rate and reliability. Despite being only physically attached, self-assembled monolayer brushes of PGE-AA block copolymers on glass are functional and stable thermoresponsive coatings for application in cell sheet fabrication of human fibroblasts as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Heinen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Stöbener DD, Uckert M, Cuellar-Camacho JL, Hoppensack A, Weinhart M. Ultrathin Poly(glycidyl ether) Coatings on Polystyrene for Temperature-Triggered Human Dermal Fibroblast Sheet Fabrication. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2155-2165. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel David Stöbener
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Uckert
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - José Luis Cuellar-Camacho
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Hoppensack
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Weinhart
- Institute of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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