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Martyts A, Sachs D, Hiebert P, Junker H, Robmann S, Hopf R, Steenbock H, Brinckmann J, Werner S, Giampietro C, Mazza E. Biomechanical and biochemical changes in murine skin during development and aging. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00385-4. [PMID: 39009208 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Aging leads to biochemical and biomechanical changes in skin, with biological and functional consequences. Despite extensive literature on skin aging, there is a lack of studies which investigate the maturation of the tissue and connect the microscopic changes in the skin to its macroscopic biomechanical behavior as it evolves over time. The present work addresses this knowledge gap using multiscale characterization of skin in a murine model considering newborn, adult and aged mice. Monotonic uniaxial loading, tension relaxation with change of bath, and loading to failure tests were performed on murine skin samples from different age groups, complemented by inflation experiments and atomic force microscopy indentation measurements. In parallel, skin samples were characterized using histological and biochemical techniques to assess tissue morphology, collagen organization, as well as collagen content and cross-linking. We show that 1-week-old skin differs across nearly all measured parameters from adult skin, showing reduced strain stiffening and tensile strength, a thinner dermis, lower collagen content and altered crosslinking patterns. Surprisingly, adult and aged skin were similar across most biomechanical parameters in the physiologic loading range, while aged skin had lower tensile strength and lower stiffening behavior at large force values. This correlates with altered collagen content and cross-links. Based on a computational model, differences in mechanocoupled stimuli in the skin of the different age groups were calculated, pointing to a potential biological significance of the age-induced biomechanical changes in regulating the local biophysical environment of dermal cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Skin microstructure and the emerging mechanical properties change with age, leading to biological, functional and health-related consequences. Despite extensive literature on skin aging, only very limited quantitative data are available on microstructural changes and the corresponding macroscopic biomechanical behavior as they evolve over time. This work provides a wide-range multiscale mechanical characterization of skin of newborn, adult and aged mice, and quantifies microstructural correlations in tissue morphology, collagen content, organization and cross-linking. Remarkably, aged skin retained normal hydration and normal biomechanical function in the physiological loading range but showed significantly reduced properties at super-physiological loading. Our data show that age-related microstructural differences have a profound effect not only on tissue-level properties but also on the cell-level biophysical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Martyts
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Sachs
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Håvar Junker
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Serjosha Robmann
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Hopf
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Steenbock
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Woessner AE, Witt NJ, Jones JD, Sander EA, Quinn KP. Quantification of age-related changes in the structure and mechanical function of skin with multiscale imaging. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01199-9. [PMID: 38761286 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of skin change during aging but the relationships between structure and mechanical function remain poorly understood. Previous work has shown that young skin exhibits a substantial decrease in tissue volume, a large macro-scale Poisson's ratio, and an increase in micro-scale collagen fiber alignment during mechanical stretch. In this study, label-free multiphoton microscopy was used to quantify how the microstructure and fiber kinematics of aged mouse skin affect its mechanical function. In an unloaded state, aged skin was found to have less collagen alignment and more non-enzymatic collagen fiber crosslinks. Skin samples were then loaded in uniaxial tension and aged skin exhibited a lower mechanical stiffness compared to young skin. Aged tissue also demonstrated less volume reduction and a lower macro-scale Poisson's ratio at 10% uniaxial strain, but not at 20% strain. The magnitude of 3D fiber realignment in the direction of loading was not different between age groups, and the amount of realignment in young and aged skin was less than expected based on theoretical fiber kinematics affine to the local deformation. These findings provide key insights on how the collagen fiber microstructure changes with age, and how those changes affect the mechanical function of skin, findings which may help guide wound healing or anti-aging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nathan J Witt
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jake D Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Edward A Sander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 123 John A. White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
- Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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3
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Zhang X, Huang J, Zhao J, Li L, Miao F, Zhang T, Chen Z, Zhou X, Tai Z, Zhu Q. Exosome-mimetic vesicles derived from fibroblasts carrying matrine for wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkae015. [PMID: 38752203 PMCID: PMC11095412 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Chronic skin wounds are a leading cause of hospital admissions and reduced life expectancy among older people and individuals with diabetes. Delayed wound healing is often attributed to a series of cellular abnormalities. Matrine, a well-studied component found in Sophora flavescens, is recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects. However, its impact on wound healing still remains uncertain. This study aims to explore the potential of matrine in promoting wound healing. Methods In this study, we utilized gradient extrusion to produce fibroblast-derived exosome-mimetic vesicles as carriers for matrine (MHEM). MHEM were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. The therapeutic effect of MHEM in wound healing was explored in vitro and in vivo. Results Both matrine and MHEM enhanced the cellular activity as well as the migration of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The potent anti-inflammatory effect of matrine diluted the inflammatory response in the vicinity of wounds. Furthermore, MHEM worked together to promote angiogenesis and the expression of transforming growth factor β and collagen I. MHEM contained growth factors of fibroblasts that regulated the functions of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and monocytes, which synergistically promoted wound healing with the anti-inflammatory effect of matrine. Conclusions MHEM showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy in the inflammatory microenvironment, for new tissue formation and angiogenesis of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Jiahua Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Shanghai 201500, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 26 Shengli Street, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Fengze Miao
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Tingrui Zhang
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zongguang Tai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Quangang Zhu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Topical Chinese Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai 200443, China
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Medina-Lombardero S, Bain C, Charlton L, Pellicoro A, Rocliffe H, Cash J, Reuben R, Crichton ML. The biomechanics of wounds at physiologically relevant levels: Understanding skin's stress-shielding effect for the quantitative assessment of healing. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100963. [PMID: 38312802 PMCID: PMC10835282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Wounds are responsible for the decrease in quality of life of billions of people around the world. Their assessment relies on subjective parameters which often delays optimal treatments and results in increased healthcare costs. In this work, we sought to understand and quantify how wounds at different healing stages (days 1, 3, 7 and 14 post wounding) change the mechanical properties of the tissues that contain them, and how these could be measured at clinically relevant strain levels, as a step towards quantitative wound tracking technologies. To achieve this, we used digital image correlation and mechanical testing on a mouse model of wound healing to map the global and local tissue strains. We found no significant differences in the elastic and viscoelastic properties of wounded vs unwounded skin when samples were measured in bulk, presumably as these were masked by the protective mechanisms of skin, which redistributes the applied loads to mitigate high stresses and reduce tissue damage. By measuring local strain values and observing the distinct patterns they formed, it was possible to establish a connection between the healing phase of the tissue (determined by the time post-injury and the observed histological features) and the overall mechanical behaviour. Importantly, these parameters were measured from the surface of the tissue, using physiologically relevant strains without increasing the tissue's damage. Adaptations of these approaches for clinical use have the potential to aid in the identification of skin healing problems, such as excessive inflammation or lack of mechanical progression over time. An increase, decrease, or lack of change in the elasticity and viscoelasticity parameters, can be indicative of wound state, thus ultimately leading to improved diagnostic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Medina-Lombardero
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Connor Bain
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Charlton
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3RF, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Pellicoro
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Rocliffe
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jenna Cash
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Reuben
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L. Crichton
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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5
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Hiebert P, Antoniazzi G, Aronoff M, Werner S, Wennemers H. A lysyl oxidase-responsive collagen peptide illuminates collagen remodeling in wound healing. Matrix Biol 2024; 128:11-20. [PMID: 38382767 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Tissue repair and fibrosis involve the dynamic remodeling of collagen, and accurate detection of these sites is of utmost importance. Here, we use a collagen peptide sensor (1) to visualize collagen formation and remodeling during wound healing in mice and humans. We show that the probe binds selectively to sites of collagen formation and remodeling at different stages of healing. Compared to conventional methods, the peptide sensor localizes preferentially to areas of collagen synthesis and remodeling at the wound edge and not in matured fibrillar collagen. We also demonstrate its applicability for in vivo wound imaging and for discerning differential remodeling in wounds of transgenic mice with altered collagen dynamics. Our findings show the value of 1 as a diagnostic tool to rapidly identify the sites of matrix remodeling in tissue sections, which will aid in the conception of new therapeutic strategies for fibrotic disorders and defective tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Antoniazzi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Aronoff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
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6
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Pensalfini M, Tepole AB. Mechano-biological and bio-mechanical pathways in cutaneous wound healing. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010902. [PMID: 36893170 PMCID: PMC10030043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Injuries to the skin heal through coordinated action of fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, ECM remodeling, and wound contraction. Defects involving the dermis result in fibrotic scars featuring increased stiffness and altered collagen content and organization. Although computational models are crucial to unravel the underlying biochemical and biophysical mechanisms, simulations of the evolving wound biomechanics are seldom benchmarked against measurements. Here, we leverage recent quantifications of local tissue stiffness in murine wounds to refine a previously-proposed systems-mechanobiological finite-element model. Fibroblasts are considered as the main cell type involved in ECM remodeling and wound contraction. Tissue rebuilding is coordinated by the release and diffusion of a cytokine wave, e.g. TGF-β, itself developed in response to an earlier inflammatory signal triggered by platelet aggregation. We calibrate a model of the evolving wound biomechanics through a custom-developed hierarchical Bayesian inverse analysis procedure. Further calibration is based on published biochemical and morphological murine wound healing data over a 21-day healing period. The calibrated model recapitulates the temporal evolution of: inflammatory signal, fibroblast infiltration, collagen buildup, and wound contraction. Moreover, it enables in silico hypothesis testing, which we explore by: (i) quantifying the alteration of wound contraction profiles corresponding to the measured variability in local wound stiffness; (ii) proposing alternative constitutive links connecting the dynamics of the biochemical fields to the evolving mechanical properties; (iii) discussing the plausibility of a stretch- vs. stiffness-mediated mechanobiological coupling. Ultimately, our model challenges the current understanding of wound biomechanics and mechanobiology, beside offering a versatile tool to explore and eventually control scar fibrosis after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pensalfini
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Institute for Mechanical Systems (IMES), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Buganza Tepole
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
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7
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Promotion of Lymphangiogenesis by Targeted Delivery of VEGF-C Improves Diabetic Wound Healing. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030472. [PMID: 36766814 PMCID: PMC9913977 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds represent a major therapeutic challenge. Lymphatic vessel function is impaired in chronic ulcers but the role of lymphangiogenesis in wound healing has remained unclear. We found that lymphatic vessels are largely absent from chronic human wounds as evaluated in patient biopsies. Excisional wound healing studies were conducted using transgenic mice with or without an increased number of cutaneous lymphatic vessels, as well as antibody-mediated inhibition of lymphangiogenesis. We found that a lack of lymphatic vessels mediated a proinflammatory wound microenvironment and delayed wound closure, and that the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling axis is required for wound lymphangiogenesis. Treatment of diabetic mice (db/db mice) with the F8-VEGF-C fusion protein that targets the alternatively spliced extra domain A (EDA) of fibronectin, expressed in remodeling tissue, promoted wound healing, and potently induced wound lymphangiogenesis. The treatment also reduced tissue inflammation and exerted beneficial effects on the wound microenvironment, including myofibroblast density and collagen deposition. These findings indicate that activating the lymphatic vasculature might represent a new therapeutic strategy for treating chronic non-healing wounds.
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8
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Spielman AF, Griffin MF, Parker J, Cotterell AC, Wan DC, Longaker MT. Beyond the Scar: A Basic Science Review of Wound Remodeling. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:57-67. [PMID: 35658581 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Increasing development of experimental animal models has allowed for the study of scar formation. However, many pathophysiological unknowns remain in the longest stage of healing, the remodeling stage, which may continue for a year or more. The wound healing process results in different types of scarring classified as normal or pathological depending on failures at each stage. Failures can also occur during wound remodeling, but the molecular mechanisms driving the wound remodeling process have yet to be investigated. Recent Advances: While the current understanding of wound repair is based on investigations of acute healing, these experimental models have informed knowledge of key components of remodeling. This review examines the components that contribute to collagen organization and the final scar, including cell types, their regulation, and signaling pathways. Dysregulation in any one of these components causes pathologic healing. Critical Issues and Future Directions: As wounds continue to remodel months to years after reepithelialization, new models to better understand long-term remodeling will be critical for improving healing outcomes. Further investigation of the contributions of fibroblasts and cell signaling pathways involved during remodeling as well as their potential failures may inform new approaches in promoting regenerative healing beyond reepithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Spielman
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michelle F Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Parker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Asha C Cotterell
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Hiebert P, Martyts A, Schwestermann J, Janke K, Hafner J, Boukamp P, Mazza E, Werner S. Activation of Nrf2 in fibroblasts promotes a skin aging phenotype via an Nrf2-miRNA-collagen axis. Matrix Biol 2022; 113:39-60. [PMID: 36367485 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive skin fragility and a tendency to tear, which can lead to severe clinical complications. The transcription factor NRF2 is a key regulator of the cellular antioxidant response, and pharmacological NRF2 activation is a promising strategy for the prevention of age-related diseases. Using a combination of molecular and cellular biology, histology, imaging and biomechanical studies we show, however, that constitutive genetic activation of Nrf2 in fibroblasts of mice suppresses collagen and elastin expression, resulting in reduced skin strength as seen in aged mice. Mechanistically, the "aging matrisome" results in part from direct Nrf2-mediated overexpression of a network of microRNAs that target mRNAs of major skin collagens and other matrix components. Bioinformatics and functional studies revealed high NRF2 activity in aged human fibroblasts in 3D skin equivalents and human skin biopsies, highlighting the translational relevance of the functional mouse data. Together, these results identify activated NRF2 as a promoter of age-related molecular and biomechanical skin features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Anastasiya Martyts
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Schwestermann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Janke
- Department of Environmentally-Induced Skin and Lung Aging, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Jürg Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Petra Boukamp
- Department of Environmentally-Induced Skin and Lung Aging, IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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10
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Komprda T, Sládek Z, Vícenová M, Simonová J, Franke G, Lipový B, Matejovičová M, Kacvinská K, Sabliov C, Astete CE, Levá L, Popelková V, Bátik A, Vojtová L. Effect of Polymeric Nanoparticles with Entrapped Fish Oil or Mupirocin on Skin Wound Healing Using a Porcine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147663. [PMID: 35887016 PMCID: PMC9318284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) with entrapped fish oil (FO) loaded in collagen-based scaffolds for cutaneous wound healing using a porcine model is unique for the present study. Full-depth cutaneous excisions (5 × 5 cm) on the pig dorsa were treated with pure collagen scaffold (control, C), empty PLGA NPs (NP), FO, mupirocin (MUP), PLGA NPs with entrapped FO (NP/FO) and PLGA NPs with entrapped MUP (NP/MUP). The following markers were evaluated on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 post-excision: collagen, hydroxyproline (HP), angiogenesis and expressions of the COX2, EGF, COL1A1, COL1A3, TGFB1, VEGFA, CCL5 and CCR5 genes. The hypothesis that NP/FO treatment is superior to FO alone and that it is comparable to NP/MUP was tested. NP/FO treatment increased HP in comparison with both FO alone and NP/MUP (day 14) but decreased (p < 0.05) angiogenesis in comparison with FO alone (day 3). NP/FO increased (p < 0.05) the expression of the CCR5 gene (day 3) and tended (p > 0.05) to increase the expressions of the EGF (day 7, day 14), TGFB1 (day 21) and CCL5 (day 7, day 21) genes as compared with NP/MUP. NP/FO can be suggested as a suitable alternative to NP/MUP in cutaneous wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Komprda
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zbyšek Sládek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Monika Vícenová
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Jana Simonová
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Gabriela Franke
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Břetislav Lipový
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Institution Shared with University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Milena Matejovičová
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Katarína Kacvinská
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Cristina Sabliov
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.S.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Carlos E. Astete
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; (C.S.); (C.E.A.)
| | - Lenka Levá
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (L.L.)
| | - Vendula Popelková
- Department of Food Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (G.F.); (M.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Andrej Bátik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (Z.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Lucy Vojtová
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Technology, Purkynova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (L.V.)
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11
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Mechanomodulatory Biomaterials Prospects in Scar Prevention and Treatment. Acta Biomater 2022; 150:22-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Metabolic orchestration of the wound healing response. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1726-1743. [PMID: 34384520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing requires cooperation between different cell types, among which macrophages play a central role. In particular, inflammatory macrophages are engaged in the initial response to wounding, and alternatively activated macrophages are essential for wound closure and the resolution of tissue repair. The links between temporal activation-induced changes in the metabolism of such macrophages and the influence this has on their functional states, along with the realization that metabolites play both intrinsic and extrinsic roles in the cells that produce them, has focused attention on the metabolism of wound healing. Here, we discuss macrophage metabolism during distinct stages of normal healing and its related pathologic processes, such as during cancer and fibrosis. Further, we frame these insights in a broader context of the current understanding of macrophage metabolic reprogramming linked to cellular activation and function. Finally, we discuss parallels between the metabolism of macrophages and fibroblasts, the latter being a key stromal cell type in wound healing, and consider the importance of the metabolic interplay between different cell types in the wound microenvironment.
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13
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Systems of conductive skin for power transfer in clinical applications. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2021; 51:171-184. [PMID: 34477935 PMCID: PMC8964546 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this article is to review the clinical challenges related to the supply of power in implanted left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) by means of transcutaneous drivelines. In effect of that, we present the preventive measures and post-operative protocols that are regularly employed to address the leading problem of driveline infections. Due to the lack of reliable wireless solutions for power transfer in LVADs, the development of new driveline configurations remains at the forefront of different strategies that aim to power LVADs in a less destructive manner. To this end, skin damage and breach formation around transcutaneous LVAD drivelines represent key challenges before improving the current standard of care. For this reason, we assess recent strategies on the surface functionalization of LVAD drivelines, which aim to limit the incidence of driveline infection by directing the responses of the skin tissue. Moreover, we propose a class of power transfer systems that could leverage the ability of skin tissue to effectively heal short diameter wounds. In this direction, we employed a novel method to generate thin conductive wires of controllable surface topography with the potential to minimize skin disruption and eliminate the problem of driveline infections. Our initial results suggest the viability of the small diameter wires for the investigation of new power transfer systems for LVADs. Overall, this review uniquely compiles a diverse number of topics with the aim to instigate new research ventures on the design of power transfer systems for IMDs, and specifically LVADs.
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14
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Aronoff MR, Hiebert P, Hentzen NB, Werner S, Wennemers H. Imaging and targeting LOX-mediated tissue remodeling with a reactive collagen peptide. Nat Chem Biol 2021; 17:865-871. [PMID: 34253910 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagens are fibrous proteins that are integral to the strength and stability of connective tissues. During collagen maturation, lysyl oxidases (LOX) initiate the cross-linking of fibers, but abnormal LOX activity is associated with impaired tissue function as seen in fibrotic and malignant diseases. Visualizing and targeting this dynamic process in healthy and diseased tissue is important, but so far not feasible. Here we present a probe for the simultaneous monitoring and targeting of LOX-mediated collagen cross-linking that combines a LOX-activity sensor with a collagen peptide to chemoselectively target endogenous aldehydes generated by LOX. This synergistic probe becomes covalently anchored and lights up in vivo and in situ in response to LOX at the sites where cross-linking occurs, as demonstrated by staining of normal skin and cancer sections. We anticipate that our reactive collagen-based sensor will improve understanding of collagen remodeling and provide opportunities for the diagnosis of fibrotic and malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina B Hentzen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Woessner AE, Jones JD, Witt NJ, Sander EA, Quinn KP. Three-Dimensional Quantification of Collagen Microstructure During Tensile Mechanical Loading of Skin. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:642866. [PMID: 33748088 PMCID: PMC7966723 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.642866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a heterogeneous tissue that can undergo substantial structural and functional changes with age, disease, or following injury. Understanding how these changes impact the mechanical properties of skin requires three-dimensional (3D) quantification of the tissue microstructure and its kinematics. The goal of this study was to quantify these structure-function relationships via second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of mouse skin under tensile mechanical loading. Tissue deformation at the macro- and micro-scale was quantified, and a substantial decrease in tissue volume and a large Poisson’s ratio was detected with stretch, indicating the skin differs substantially from the hyperelastic material models historically used to explain its behavior. Additionally, the relative amount of measured strain did not significantly change between length scales, suggesting that the collagen fiber network is uniformly distributing applied strains. Analysis of undeformed collagen fiber organization and volume fraction revealed a length scale dependency for both metrics. 3D analysis of SHG volumes also showed that collagen fiber alignment increased in the direction of stretch, but fiber volume fraction did not change. Interestingly, 3D fiber kinematics was found to have a non-affine relationship with tissue deformation, and an affine transformation of the micro-scale fiber network overestimates the amount of fiber realignment. This result, along with the other outcomes, highlights the importance of accurate, scale-matched 3D experimental measurements when developing multi-scale models of skin mechanical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan E Woessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jake D Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Nathan J Witt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Edward A Sander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kyle P Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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16
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Pensalfini M, Rotach M, Hopf R, Bielicki A, Santoprete R, Mazza E. How cosmetic tightening products modulate the biomechanics and morphology of human skin. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:299-316. [PMID: 32853810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The active and passive mechanical behavior of a cosmetic tightening product for skin anti-aging is investigated based on a wide range of in vivo and in vitro measurements. The experimental data are used to inform a numerical model of the attained cosmetic effect, which is then implemented in a commercial finite-element framework and used to analyze the mechanisms that regulate the biomechanical interaction between the native tissue and the tightening film. Such a film reduces wrinkles and enhances skin consistency by increasing its stiffness by 48-107% and reducing inelastic, non-recoverable deformations (-47%). The substrate deformability influences both the extent of tightening and the reduction of wrinkle amplitude. The present findings allow, for the first time, to rationalize the mechanisms of action of cosmetic products with a tightening action and provide quantitative evidence for further optimization of this fascinating class of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pensalfini
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Carrer de Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
| | - M Rotach
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - R Hopf
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
| | - A Bielicki
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Avenue Eugène Schueller 1, Aulnay-sous-Bois 93601, France.
| | - R Santoprete
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Avenue Eugène Schueller 1, Aulnay-sous-Bois 93601, France.
| | - E Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, Zurich 8092, Switzerland; Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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17
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Wietecha MS, Pensalfini M, Cangkrama M, Müller B, Jin J, Brinckmann J, Mazza E, Werner S. Activin-mediated alterations of the fibroblast transcriptome and matrisome control the biomechanical properties of skin wounds. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2604. [PMID: 32451392 PMCID: PMC7248062 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix deposition is essential for wound repair, but when excessive, leads to hypertrophic scars and fibrosis. The factors that control matrix deposition in skin wounds have only partially been identified and the consequences of matrix alterations for the mechanical properties of wounds are largely unknown. Here, we report how a single diffusible factor, activin A, affects the healing process across scales. Bioinformatics analysis of wound fibroblast transcriptome data combined with biochemical and histopathological analyses of wounds and functional in vitro studies identify that activin promotes pro-fibrotic gene expression signatures and processes, including glycoprotein and proteoglycan biosynthesis, collagen deposition, and altered collagen cross-linking. As a consequence, activin strongly reduces the wound and scar deformability, as identified by a non-invasive in vivo method for biomechanical analysis. These results provide mechanistic insight into the roles of activin in wound repair and fibrosis and identify the functional consequences of alterations in the wound matrisome at the biomechanical level. The relationship between histopathology, gene expression, and biochemical and mechanical properties of wounds is largely unknown. Here, the authors show that activin A alters wound healing at multiple levels by promoting pro-fibrotic gene expression and matrix deposition, thereby affecting biomechanical properties of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz S Wietecha
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pensalfini
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Cangkrama
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Müller
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juyoung Jin
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Ghilardi SJ, O'Reilly BM, Sgro AE. Intracellular signaling dynamics and their role in coordinating tissue repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1479. [PMID: 32035001 PMCID: PMC7187325 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue repair is a complex process that requires effective communication and coordination between cells across multiple tissues and organ systems. Two of the initial intracellular signals that encode injury signals and initiate tissue repair responses are calcium and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). However, calcium and ERK signaling control a variety of cellular behaviors important for injury repair including cellular motility, contractility, and proliferation, as well as the activity of several different transcription factors, making it challenging to relate specific injury signals to their respective repair programs. This knowledge gap ultimately hinders the development of new wound healing therapies that could take advantage of native cellular signaling programs to more effectively repair tissue damage. The objective of this review is to highlight the roles of calcium and ERK signaling dynamics as mechanisms that link specific injury signals to specific cellular repair programs during epithelial and stromal injury repair. We detail how the signaling networks controlling calcium and ERK can now also be dissected using classical signal processing techniques with the advent of new biosensors and optogenetic signal controllers. Finally, we advocate the importance of recognizing calcium and ERK dynamics as key links between injury detection and injury repair programs that both organize and execute a coordinated tissue repair response between cells across different tissues and organs. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Ghilardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Breanna M. O'Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
| | - Allyson E. Sgro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design CenterBoston UniversityBostonMassachusetts
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19
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Wahlsten A, Pensalfini M, Stracuzzi A, Restivo G, Hopf R, Mazza E. On the compressibility and poroelasticity of human and murine skin. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2019; 18:1079-1093. [PMID: 30806838 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-019-01129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 37 human and 33 murine skin samples were subjected to uniaxial monotonic, cyclic, and relaxation experiments. Detailed analysis of the three-dimensional kinematic response showed that skin volume is significantly reduced as a consequence of a tensile elongation. This behavior is most pronounced in monotonic but persists in cyclic tests. The dehydration associated with volume loss depends on the osmolarity of the environment, so that tension relaxation changes as a consequence of modifying the ionic strength of the environmental bath. Similar to ex vivo observations, complementary in vivo stretching experiments on human volar forearms showed strong in-plane lateral contraction. A biphasic homogenized model is proposed which allows representing all relevant features of the observed mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wahlsten
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marco Pensalfini
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Stracuzzi
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Hopf
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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20
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Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on wound healing using animal models – a review. ACTA VET BRNO 2019. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes results of experiments, mostly performed on rodents, regarding the effects of fish oil (FO) and its biologically active constituents, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the healing of cutaneous wounds, but also of selected other types of injury. Structure, metabolism and functions of EPA/DHA in an organism are briefly mentioned, with an emphasis on the ability of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate inflammation. Wound healing as a complex programmed sequence of cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, cell migration, angiogenesis, synthesis of provisional matrix, collagen deposition and reepithelialisation is briefly described. Markers for evaluation of the healing process include planimetry indices, tensile strength, quantification of collagen synthesis including hydroxyproline determination, histopathology/immunohistochemistry and genomic/proteomic markers. As far as effects on wound healing are concerned, the main emphasis is put on the outcomes of experiments using a dietary FO/DHA/EPA administration, but the results of experiments with a parenteral application are also mentioned, together with selected relevantin vitrostudies. An important conclusion from the above-mentioned studies is an inconsistency of FO/DHA/EPA effects on wound healing: decreased/increased collagen deposition; lower/higher counts of the inflammatory cells in the healing tissue; increased/decreased concentration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; DHA accelerated/delayed wound healing process. Some experiments indicate superiority of DHA over EPA regarding wound healing.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Willenborg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstraße 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Kerpenerstraße 62, 50937 Köln, Germany. .,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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22
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Hair Regeneration under Stress. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1257-1259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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