1
|
Kawai K, Ho MT, Ueno Y, Abdo D, Xue C, Nonaka H, Nishida H, Honma Y, Wallace VA, Shoichet MS. Hyaluronan improves photoreceptor differentiation and maturation in human retinal organoids. Acta Biomater 2024; 181:117-132. [PMID: 38705224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived organoids enable both disease modeling and serve as a source of cells for transplantation. Human retinal organoids are particularly important as a source of human photoreceptors; however, the long differentiation period required and lack of vascularization in the organoid often results in a necrotic core and death of inner retinal cells before photoreceptors are fully mature. Manipulating the in vitro environment of differentiating retinal organoids through the incorporation of extracellular matrix components could influence retinal development. We investigated the addition of hyaluronan (HA), a component of the interphotoreceptor matrix, as an additive to promote long-term organoid survival and enhance retinal maturation. HA treatment had a significant reduction in the proportion of proliferating (Ki67+) cells and increase in the proportion of photoreceptors (CRX+), suggesting that HA accelerated photoreceptor commitment in vitro. HA significantly upregulated genes specific to photoreceptor maturation and outer segment development. Interestingly, prolonged HA-treatment significantly decreased the length of the brush border layer compared to those in control retinal organoids, where the photoreceptor outer segments reside; however, HA-treated organoids also had more mature outer segments with organized discs structures, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The brush border layer length was inversely proportional to the molar mass and viscosity of the hyaluronan added. This is the first study to investigate the role of exogenous HA, viscosity, and polymer molar mass on photoreceptor maturation, emphasizing the importance of material properties on organoid culture. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Retinal organoids are a powerful tool to study retinal development in vitro, though like many other organoid systems, can be highly variable. In this work, Shoichet and colleagues investigated the use of hyaluronan (HA), a native component of the interphotoreceptor matrix, to improve photoreceptor maturation in developing human retinal organoids. HA promoted human photoreceptor differentiation leading to mature outer segments with disc formation and more uniform and healthy retinal organoids. These findings highlight the importance of adding components native to the developing retina to generate more physiologically relevant photoreceptors for cell therapy and in vitro models to drive drug discovery and uncover novel disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotoe Kawai
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan
| | - Margaret T Ho
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Yui Ueno
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Dhana Abdo
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Chang Xue
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Hidenori Nonaka
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishida
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Regenerative Medicine Research and Planning Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dorgau B, Collin J, Rozanska A, Boczonadi V, Moya-Molina M, Unsworth A, Hussain R, Coxhead J, Dhanaseelan T, Armstrong L, Queen R, Lako M. Deciphering the spatiotemporal transcriptional and chromatin accessibility of human retinal organoid development at the single-cell level. iScience 2024; 27:109397. [PMID: 38510120 PMCID: PMC10952046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular information on the early stages of human retinal development remains scarce due to limitations in obtaining early human eye samples. Pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids (ROs) provide an unprecedented opportunity for studying early retinogenesis. Using a combination of single cell RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics we present for the first-time a single cell spatiotemporal transcriptome of RO development. Our data demonstrate that ROs recapitulate key events of retinogenesis including optic vesicle/cup formation, presence of a putative ciliary margin zone, emergence of retinal progenitor cells and their orderly differentiation to retinal neurons. Combining the scRNA- with scATAC-seq data, we were able to reveal cell-type specific transcription factor binding motifs on accessible chromatin at each stage of organoid development, and to show that chromatin accessibility is highly correlated to the developing human retina, but with some differences in the temporal emergence and abundance of some of the retinal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Agata Rozanska
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Veronika Boczonadi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Marina Moya-Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
- Newcells Biotech, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5BX, UK
| | - Adrienne Unsworth
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Tamil Dhanaseelan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Yin N, Yang R, Zhao M, Li S, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Faiola F. Development of a simplified human embryonic stem cell-based retinal pre-organoid model for toxicity evaluations of common pollutants. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2023; 42:264-272. [PMID: 37602871 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2249988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the retinal toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), flame retardants, bisphenols, phthalates, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are the primary cell types at the early stages of retinal development, vital for subsequent functional cell type differentiation, and closely related to retinal diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 23 days of differentiation, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based retinal pre-organoids, containing RPCs and RPE cells, were exposed to 10, 100, and 1000 nM pesticides (butachlor, terbutryn, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, pendimethalin, and carbaryl), flame retardants (PFOS, TBBPA, DBDPE, and TDCIPP), PPCPs (climbazole and BHT), and other typical pollutants (phenanthrene, DCHP, and BPA) for seven days. Then, mRNA expression changes were monitored and compared. RESULTS (1) The selected pollutants did not show strong effects at environmental and human-relevant concentrations, although the effects of flame retardants were more potent than those of other categories of chemicals. Surprisingly, some pollutants with distinct structures showed similar adverse effects. (2) Exposure to pollutants induced different degrees of cell detachment, probably due to alterations in extracellular matrix and/or cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we established a retinal pre-organoid model suitable for evaluating multiple pollutants' effects, and pointed out the potential retinal toxicity of flame retardants, among other pollutants. Nevertheless, the potential mechanisms of toxicity and the effects on cell detachment are still unclear and deserve further exploration. Additionally, this model holds promise for screening interventions aimed at mitigating the detrimental effects of these pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lavekar SS, Patel MD, Montalvo-Parra MD, Krencik R. Asteroid impact: the potential of astrocytes to modulate human neural networks within organoids. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1305921. [PMID: 38075269 PMCID: PMC10702564 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1305921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a vital cellular component of the central nervous system that impact neuronal function in both healthy and pathological states. This includes intercellular signals to neurons and non-neuronal cells during development, maturation, and aging that can modulate neural network formation, plasticity, and maintenance. Recently, human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural aggregate cultures, known as neurospheres or organoids, have emerged as improved experimental platforms for basic and pre-clinical neuroscience compared to traditional approaches. Here, we summarize the potential capability of using organoids to further understand the mechanistic role of astrocytes upon neural networks, including the production of extracellular matrix components and reactive signaling cues. Additionally, we discuss the application of organoid models to investigate the astrocyte-dependent aspects of neuropathological diseases and to test astrocyte-inspired technologies. We examine the shortcomings of organoid-based experimental platforms and plausible improvements made possible by cutting-edge neuroengineering technologies. These advancements are expected to enable the development of improved diagnostic strategies and high-throughput translational applications regarding neuroregeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - R. Krencik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Castellini ME, Spagnolli G, Poggi L, Biasini E, Casarosa S, Messina A. Identification of the zebrafish homologues of IMPG2, a retinal proteoglycan. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:93-105. [PMID: 37470839 PMCID: PMC10558372 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor outer segments are surrounded by a carbohydrate-rich matrix, the interphotoreceptor matrix, necessary for physiological retinal function. Few roles for molecules characterizing the interphotoreceptor matrix have been clearly defined. Recent studies have found the presence of nonsense mutations in the interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) gene in patients affected by retinal dystrophies. IMPG2 encodes for a proteoglycan synthesized by photoreceptors and secreted in the interphotoreceptor matrix. Little is known about the structure and function of this protein, we thus decided to characterize zebrafish impg2. In zebrafish there are two Impg2 proteins, Impg2a and Impg2b. We generated a phylogenetic tree based on IMPG2 protein sequence similarity among vertebrates, showing a significant similarity between humans and teleosts. The human and zebrafish proteins share conserved domains, as also shown by homology models. Expression analyses of impg2a and impg2b show a continued expression in the photoreceptor layer starting from developmental stages and continuing through adulthood. Between 1 and 6 months post-fertilization, there is a significant shift of Impg2 expression toward the outer segment region, suggesting an increase in secretion. This raises intriguing hypotheses about its possible role(s) during retinal maturation, laying the groundwork for the generation of most needed models for the study of IMPG2-related inherited retinal dystrophies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Castellini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
| | - G Spagnolli
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
- Sibylla Biotech S.R.L, Piazzetta Chiavica 2 - 37121, Verona, VR, Italy
| | - L Poggi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena, 1, 38122, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - E Biasini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena, 1, 38122, Trento, TN, Italy
| | - S Casarosa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy.
- Centre for Medical Sciences (CISMed), University of Trento, Via S. Maria Maddalena, 1, 38122, Trento, TN, Italy.
| | - A Messina
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Via Sommarive, 9, 38123, Povo, TN, Italy
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento, Piazza Manifattura 1, 38068, Rovereto, TN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins-da-Silva A, Baroni M, Salomão KB, das Chagas PF, Bonfim-Silva R, Geron L, Cruzeiro GAV, da Silva WA, Corrêa CAP, Carlotti CG, de Paula Queiroz RG, Marie SKN, Brandalise SR, Yunes JA, Scrideli CA, Valera ET, Tone LG. Clinical Prognostic Implications of Wnt Hub Genes Expression in Medulloblastoma. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:813-826. [PMID: 35366170 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor, and about one-third of patients die due to disease recurrence and most survivors suffer from long-term side effects. MB is clinically, genetically, and epigenetically heterogeneous and subdivided into at least four molecular subgroups: WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4. We evaluated common differentially expressed genes between a Brazilian RNA-seq GSE181293 dataset and microarray GSE85217 dataset cohort of pediatric MB samples using bioinformatics methodology in order to identify hub genes of the molecular subgroups based on PPI network construction, survival and functional analysis. The main finding was the identification of five hub genes from the WNT subgroup that are tumor suppressors, and whose lower expression is related to a worse prognosis for MB patients. Furthermore, the common genes correlated with the five tumor suppressors participate in important pathways and processes for tumor initiation and progression, as well as development and differentiation, and some of them control cell stemness and pluripotency. These genes have not yet been studied within the context of MB, representing new important elements for investigation in the search for therapeutic targets, prognostic markers or for understanding of MB biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martins-da-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Mirella Baroni
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Karina Bezerra Salomão
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pablo Ferreira das Chagas
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bonfim-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Lenisa Geron
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Alencastro Veiga Cruzeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Harvard Medical School - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilson Araújo da Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Pereira Corrêa
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gilberto Carlotti
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rosane Gomes de Paula Queiroz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Elvis Terci Valera
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis Underlying Inherited Retinal Dystrophies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020271. [PMID: 36830640 PMCID: PMC9953031 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are congenital retinal degenerative diseases that have various inheritance patterns, including dominant, recessive, X-linked, and mitochondrial. These diseases are most often the result of defects in rod and/or cone photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium function, development, or both. The genes associated with these diseases, when mutated, produce altered protein products that have downstream effects in pathways critical to vision, including phototransduction, the visual cycle, photoreceptor development, cellular respiration, and retinal homeostasis. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of the underlying molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of IRDs by delving into many of the genes associated with IRD development, their protein products, and the pathways interrupted by genetic mutation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim J, Kong JS, Kim H, Jo Y, Cho DW, Jang J. A Bioprinted Bruch's Membrane for Modeling Smoke-Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration via Hybrid Membrane Printing Technology. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200728. [PMID: 35841587 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) not only forms the outer blood-retinal barrier (oBRB) but also plays a multifunctional role in the ocular system. The loss of this epithelium leads to serious diseases resulting in vision impairment. No effective treatment is available for the repair of RPE damage. A functional in vitro RPE model that allows the recapitulation of oBRB-related pathophysiological responses is lacking. Here, a hybrid membrane printing technology is developed to fabricate cellular monolayers on the basement membrane to mimic human Bruch's membrane (BM). Using this technology, in vitro oBRB model containing the RPE monolayer on the printed BM with stable mechanical properties and fibril diameter similar to that of natural BM is developed. Compared to traditional collagen bioink, BM-based bioink significantly promotes RPE functions in vitro. Finally, smoking-like conditions are exposed to the model to recapitulate the absorption of mainstream cigarette smoke which is known as one of the risk factors for the disease progression. RPE function is damaged due to oxidative stress. Furthermore, the versatility of the model as a drug-testing platform is confirmed by the suppression of oxidative stress via antioxidants. This technology shows potential for fabricating a functional oBRB model that reflects patient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Kong
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonji Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwon Jo
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayerl SJ, Bajgai S, Ludwig AL, Jager LD, Williams BN, Bacig C, Stoddard C, Sinha D, Philpot BD, Gamm DM. Human retinal organoids harboring IMPG2 mutations exhibit a photoreceptor outer segment phenotype that models advanced retinitis pigmentosa. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2409-2420. [PMID: 36206764 PMCID: PMC9669399 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interphotoreceptor matrix proteoglycan 2 (IMPG2) mutations cause a severe form of early-onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with macular involvement. IMPG2 is expressed by photoreceptors and incorporated into the matrix that surrounds the inner and outer segments (OS) of rods and cones, but the mechanism of IMPG2-RP remains unclear. Loss of Impg2 function in mice produces a mild, late-onset photoreceptor phenotype without the characteristic OS loss that occurs in human patients. We generated retinal organoids (ROs) from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and gene-edited embryonic stem cells to model human IMPG2-RP in vitro. All ROs harboring IMPG2 mutations lacked an OS layer, in contrast to isogenic controls. Subsequent protein analyses revealed that this phenotype arises due to a loss of IMPG2 expression or its inability to undergo normal post-translational modifications. We hypothesized that loss of IMPG2 function destabilizes the interphotoreceptor matrix and renders the OS vulnerable to physical stressors, which is accentuated in the tissue culture environment. In support of this mechanism, transplantation of IMPG2 mutant ROs into the protected subretinal space of immunocompromised rodents restored OS production. Beyond providing a robust platform to study IMPG2-RP, this human RO model system may serve a broader role in honing strategies to treat advanced photoreceptor-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Mayerl
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Simona Bajgai
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allison L Ludwig
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lindsey D Jager
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brittany N Williams
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cole Bacig
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Stoddard
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Divya Sinha
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Gamm
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
SPACR Encoded by IMPG1 Is Essential for Photoreceptor Survival by Interplaying between the Interphotoreceptor Matrix and the Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091508. [PMID: 36140676 PMCID: PMC9498744 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pathogenic variants have been reported in the IMPG1 gene associated with the inherited retinal disorders vitelliform macular dystrophy (VMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). IMPG1 and its paralog IMPG2 encode for two proteoglycans, SPACR and SPACRCAN, respectively, which are the main components of the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), the extracellular matrix surrounding the photoreceptor cells. To determine the role of SPACR in the pathological mechanisms leading to RP and VMD, we generated a knockout mouse model lacking Impg1, the mouse ortholog. Impg1-deficient mice show abnormal accumulation of autofluorescent deposits visible by fundus imaging and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and attenuated electroretinogram responses from 9 months of age. Furthermore, SD-OCT of Impg1−/− mice shows a degeneration of the photoreceptor layer, and transmission electron microscopy shows a disruption of the IPM and the retinal pigment epithelial cells. The decrease in the concentration of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal supports this loss of photoreceptors. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the essential role of SPACR in maintaining photoreceptors. Impg1−/− mice provide a novel model for mechanistic investigations and the development of therapies for VMD and RP caused by IMPG1 pathogenic variants.
Collapse
|
11
|
Retinal Proteomic Alterations and Combined Transcriptomic-Proteomic Analysis in the Early Stages of Progression of a Mouse Model of X-Linked Retinoschisis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142150. [PMID: 35883593 PMCID: PMC9321393 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is among the most commonly inherited degenerative retinopathies. XLRS is caused by functional impairment of RS1. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying RS1 malfunction remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we performed a data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in RS1-null mouse retina with different postal days (Ps), including the onset (P15) and early progression stage (P56). Gene set enrichment analysis showed that type I interferon-mediated signaling was upregulated and photoreceptor proteins responsible for detection of light stimuli were downregulated at P15. Positive regulation of Tor signaling was downregulated and nuclear transcribed mRNA catabolic process nonsense-mediated decay was upregulated at P56. Moreover, the differentially expressed proteins at P15 were enriched in metabolism of RNA and RNA destabilization. A broader subcellular localization distribution and enriched proteins in visual perception and phototransduction were evident at P56. Combined transcriptomic-proteomic analysis revealed that functional impairments, including detection of visible light, visual perception, and visual phototransduction, occurred at P21 and continued until P56. Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of an XLRS mouse model during the early stages, thus enhancing the understanding of the mechanism of XLRS.
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsuyama A, Kalargyrou AA, Smith AJ, Ali RR, Pearson RA. A comprehensive atlas of Aggrecan, Versican, Neurocan and Phosphacan expression across time in wildtype retina and in retinal degeneration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7282. [PMID: 35508614 PMCID: PMC9068689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As photoreceptor cells die during retinal degeneration, the surrounding microenvironment undergoes significant changes that are increasingly recognized to play a prominent role in determining the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major component of the extracellular matrix that have been shown to inhibit neuronal regrowth and regeneration in the brain and spinal cord, but comparatively little is known about their expression in retinal degeneration. Here we provide a comprehensive atlas of the expression patterns of four individual CSPGs in three models of inherited retinal degeneration and wildtype mice. In wildtype mice, Aggrecan presented a biphasic expression, while Neurocan and Phosphacan expression declined dramatically with time and Versican expression remained broadly constant. In degeneration, Aggrecan expression increased markedly in Aipl1-/- and Pde6brd1/rd1, while Versican showed regional increases in the periphery of Rho-/- mice. Conversely, Neurocan and Phosphacan broadly decrease with time in all models. Our data reveal significant heterogeneity in the expression of individual CSPGs. Moreover, there are striking differences in the expression patterns of specific CSPGs in the diseased retina, compared with those reported following injury elsewhere in the CNS. Better understanding of the distinct distributions of individual CSPGs will contribute to creating more permissive microenvironments for neuro-regeneration and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Matsuyama
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - A A Kalargyrou
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - A J Smith
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R R Ali
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - R A Pearson
- Ocular Cell and Gene therapy Group, Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 8th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pieragostino D, Lanzini M, Cicalini I, Cufaro MC, Damiani V, Mastropasqua L, De Laurenzi V, Nubile M, Lanuti P, Bologna G, Agnifili L, Del Boccio P. Tear proteomics reveals the molecular basis of the efficacy of human recombinant nerve growth factor treatment for Neurotrophic Keratopathy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1229. [PMID: 35075190 PMCID: PMC8786855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic Keratopathy (NK), classified as an orphan disease (ORPHA137596), is a rare degenerative corneal disease characterized by epithelial instability and decreased corneal sensitivity caused by the damage to the corneal nerves. The administration of human recombinant nerve growth factor (rhNGF) eye drops, as a licensed-in-Europe specific medication for treatment of moderate and severe NK, has added promising perspectives to the management of this disorder by providing a valid alternative to the neurotization surgery. However, few studies have been conducted to the molecular mechanism underlying the response to the treatment. Here, we carried out tears proteomics to highlight the protein expression during pharmacological treatment of NK (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025408).Our data emphasized a proteome modulation during rhNGF treatment related to an increase in DNA synthesis, an activation of both BDNF signal and IL6 receptor. Furthermore, the amount of neuronal Extracellular Vesicles EVs (CD171+) correlated with the EVs carrying IL6R (CD126+) together associated to the inflammatory EVs (CD45+) in tears. Such scenario determined drug response, confirmed by an in vivo confocal microscopy analysis, showing an increase in length, density and number of nerve fiber branches during treatment. In summary, rhNGF treatment seems to determine an inflammatory micro-environment, mediated by functionalized EVs, defining the drug response by stimulating protein synthesis and fiber regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. .,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Manuela Lanzini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ophthalmology Clinic, National Centre of High Technology (CNAT) in Ophthalmology, University of "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Cufaro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ophthalmology Clinic, National Centre of High Technology (CNAT) in Ophthalmology, University of "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Nubile
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ophthalmology Clinic, National Centre of High Technology (CNAT) in Ophthalmology, University of "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Agnifili
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ophthalmology Clinic, National Centre of High Technology (CNAT) in Ophthalmology, University of "G d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Proteomic Analysis of Retinal Tissue in an S100B Autoimmune Glaucoma Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010016. [PMID: 35053014 PMCID: PMC8773367 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to damage of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve. Patients display altered antibody profiles and increased antibody titer, e.g., against S100B. To identify the meaning of these antibodies, animals were immunized with S100B. Retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve degeneration, and increased glial cell activity were noted. Here, we aimed to gain more insights into the pathophysiology from a proteomic point of view. Hence, rats were immunized with S100B, while controls received sodium chloride. After 7 and 14 days, retinae were analyzed through mass spectrometry and immunohistology. Using data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry, we identified more than 1700 proteins on a high confidence level for both study groups, respectively. Of these 1700, 43 proteins were significantly altered in retinae after 7 days and 67 proteins revealed significant alterations at 14 days. For example, α2-macroglobulin was found significantly increased not only by mass spectrometry analysis, but also with immunohistological staining in S100B retinae at 7 and 14 days. All in all, the identified proteins are often associated with the immune system, such as heat shock protein 60. Once more, these data underline the important role of immunological factors in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Marcos LF, Wilson SL, Roach P. Tissue engineering of the retina: from organoids to microfluidic chips. J Tissue Eng 2021; 12:20417314211059876. [PMID: 34917332 PMCID: PMC8669127 DOI: 10.1177/20417314211059876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in tissue engineering, challenges remain for fabricating functional tissues that incorporate essential features including vasculature and complex cellular organisation. Monitoring of engineered tissues also raises difficulties, particularly when cell population maturity is inherent to function. Microfluidic, or lab-on-a-chip, platforms address the complexity issues of conventional 3D models regarding cell numbers and functional connectivity. Regulation of biochemical/biomechanical conditions can create dynamic structures, providing microenvironments that permit tissue formation while quantifying biological processes at a single cell level. Retinal organoids provide relevant cell numbers to mimic in vivo spatiotemporal development, where conventional culture approaches fail. Modern bio-fabrication techniques allow for retinal organoids to be combined with microfluidic devices to create anato-physiologically accurate structures or ‘retina-on-a-chip’ devices that could revolution ocular sciences. Here we present a focussed review of retinal tissue engineering, examining the challenges and how some of these have been overcome using organoids, microfluidics, and bioprinting technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Marcos
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Samantha L Wilson
- Centre for Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Paul Roach
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Andreazzoli M, Barravecchia I, De Cesari C, Angeloni D, Demontis GC. Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells to Model and Treat Inherited Degenerative Diseases of the Outer Retina: 3D-Organoids Limitations and Bioengineering Solutions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092489. [PMID: 34572137 PMCID: PMC8471616 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRD) affecting either photoreceptors or pigment epithelial cells cause progressive visual loss and severe disability, up to complete blindness. Retinal organoids (ROs) technologies opened up the development of human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) for disease modeling and replacement therapies. However, hiPSC-derived ROs applications to IRD presently display limited maturation and functionality, with most photoreceptors lacking well-developed outer segments (OS) and light responsiveness comparable to their adult retinal counterparts. In this review, we address for the first time the microenvironment where OS mature, i.e., the subretinal space (SRS), and discuss SRS role in photoreceptors metabolic reprogramming required for OS generation. We also address bioengineering issues to improve culture systems proficiency to promote OS maturation in hiPSC-derived ROs. This issue is crucial, as satisfying the demanding metabolic needs of photoreceptors may unleash hiPSC-derived ROs full potential for disease modeling, drug development, and replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana Barravecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | | | - Debora Angeloni
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Gian Carlo Demontis
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (G.C.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maqueda M, Mosquera JL, García-Arumí J, Veiga A, Duarri A. Repopulation of decellularized retinas with hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial and ocular progenitor cells shows cell engraftment, organization and differentiation. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121049. [PMID: 34332373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The retinal extracellular matrix (ECM) provides architectural support, adhesion and signal guidance that controls retinal development. Decellularization of the ECM affords great potential to tissue engineering; however, how structural retinal ECM affects in vitro development, differentiation and maturation of ocular cells remains to be elucidated. Here, mouse and porcine retinas were decellularized and the protein profile analyzed. Acellular retinal ECM (arECM) scaffolds were then repopulated with human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells or ocular progenitor cells (OPC) to assess their integration, proliferation and organization. 3837 and 2612 unique proteins were identified in mouse and porcine arECM, respectively, of which 93 and 116 proteins belong to the matrisome. GO analysis shows that matrisome-related proteins were associated with the extracellular region and cell junction and KEGG pathways related to signalling transduction, nervous and endocrine systems and cell junctions were enriched. Interestingly, mouse and porcine arECMs were successfully repopulated with both RPE and OPC, the latter exhibiting cell lineage-specific clusters. Retinal cells organized into different layers containing well-defined areas with pigmented cells, photoreceptors, Müller glia, astrocytes, and ganglion cells, whereas in other areas, conjunctival/limbal, corneal and lens cells re-arranged in cell-specific self-organized areas. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that decellularization of both mouse and porcine retinas retains common native ECM components that upon cell repopulation could guide similar ocular cell adhesion, migration and organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maqueda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Mosquera
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José García-Arumí
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca - VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Veiga
- Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform (PRB2), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Ophthalmology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca - VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; National Stem Cell Bank-Barcelona Node, Biomolecular and Bioinformatics Resources Platform (PRB2), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wagstaff EL, Heredero Berzal A, Boon CJF, Quinn PMJ, ten Asbroek ALMA, Bergen AA. The Role of Small Molecules and Their Effect on the Molecular Mechanisms of Early Retinal Organoid Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7081. [PMID: 34209272 PMCID: PMC8268497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in vivo embryonic retinal development is a well-documented and evolutionary conserved process. The specification towards eye development is temporally controlled by consecutive activation or inhibition of multiple key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt and hedgehog signaling pathways. Recently, with the use of retinal organoids, researchers aim to manipulate these pathways to achieve better human representative models for retinal development and disease. To achieve this, a plethora of different small molecules and signaling factors have been used at various time points and concentrations in retinal organoid differentiations, with varying success. Additions differ from protocol to protocol, but their usefulness or efficiency has not yet been systematically reviewed. Interestingly, many of these small molecules affect the same and/or multiple pathways, leading to reduced reproducibility and high variability between studies. In this review, we make an inventory of the key signaling pathways involved in early retinogenesis and their effect on the development of the early retina in vitro. Further, we provide a comprehensive overview of the small molecules and signaling factors that are added to retinal organoid differentiation protocols, documenting the molecular and functional effects of these additions. Lastly, we comparatively evaluate several of these factors using our established retinal organoid methodology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L. Wagstaff
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Heredero Berzal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
| | - Camiel J. F. Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center—New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | | | - Arthur A. Bergen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam (UvA), 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.B.); (C.J.F.B.)
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN-KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Hara-Wright M, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Retinal organoids: a window into human retinal development. Development 2020; 147:147/24/dev189746. [PMID: 33361444 PMCID: PMC7774906 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Retinal development and maturation are orchestrated by a series of interacting signalling networks that drive the morphogenetic transformation of the anterior developing brain. Studies in model organisms continue to elucidate these complex series of events. However, the human retina shows many differences from that of other organisms and the investigation of human eye development now benefits from stem cell-derived organoids. Retinal differentiation methods have progressed from simple 2D adherent cultures to self-organising micro-physiological systems. As models of development, these have collectively offered new insights into the previously unexplored early development of the human retina and informed our knowledge of the key cell fate decisions that govern the specification of light-sensitive photoreceptors. Although the developmental trajectories of other retinal cell types remain more elusive, the collation of omics datasets, combined with advanced culture methodology, will enable modelling of the intricate process of human retinogenesis and retinal disease in vitro. Summary: Retinal organoid systems derived from human pluripotent stem cells are micro-physiological systems that offer new insights into previously unexplored human retina development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O'Hara-Wright
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia .,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, 2145, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Singh RK, Nasonkin IO. Limitations and Promise of Retinal Tissue From Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Developing Therapies of Blindness. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:179. [PMID: 33132839 PMCID: PMC7513806 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-formation of retinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells generated a tremendous promise for developing new therapies of retinal degenerative diseases, which previously seemed unattainable. Together with use of induced pluripotent stem cells or/and CRISPR-based recombineering the retinal organoid technology provided an avenue for developing models of human retinal degenerative diseases "in a dish" for studying the pathology, delineating the mechanisms and also establishing a platform for large-scale drug screening. At the same time, retinal organoids, highly resembling developing human fetal retinal tissue, are viewed as source of multipotential retinal progenitors, young photoreceptors and just the whole retinal tissue, which may be transplanted into the subretinal space with a goal of replacing patient's degenerated retina with a new retinal "patch." Both approaches (transplantation and modeling/drug screening) were projected when Yoshiki Sasai demonstrated the feasibility of deriving mammalian retinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells, and generated a lot of excitement. With further work and testing of both approaches in vitro and in vivo, a major implicit limitation has become apparent pretty quickly: the absence of the uniform layer of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) cells, which is normally present in mammalian retina, surrounds photoreceptor layer and develops and matures first. The RPE layer polarize into apical and basal sides during development and establish microvilli on the apical side, interacting with photoreceptors, nurturing photoreceptor outer segments and participating in the visual cycle by recycling 11-trans retinal (bleached pigment) back to 11-cis retinal. Retinal organoids, however, either do not have RPE layer or carry patches of RPE mostly on one side, thus directly exposing most photoreceptors in the developing organoids to neural medium. Recreation of the critical retinal niche between the apical RPE and photoreceptors, where many retinal disease mechanisms originate, is so far unattainable, imposes clear limitations on both modeling/drug screening and transplantation approaches and is a focus of investigation in many labs. Here we dissect different retinal degenerative diseases and analyze how and where retinal organoid technology can contribute the most to developing therapies even with a current limitation and absence of long and functional outer segments, supported by RPE.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen L, Fu C, Zhang Q, He C, Zhang F, Wei Q. The role of CD44 in pathological angiogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:13125-13139. [PMID: 32830349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000380rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for normal development and occurs as a pathological step in a variety of disease settings, such as cancer, ocular diseases, and ischemia. Recent studies have revealed the role of CD44, a widely expressed cell surface adhesion molecule, in promoting pathological angiogenesis and the development of its associated diseases through its regulation of diverse function of endothelial cells, such as proliferation, migration, adhesion, invasion, and communication with the microenvironment. Conversely, the absence of CD44 expression or inhibition of its function impairs pathological angiogenesis and disease progression. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of CD44 in pathological angiogenesis and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghareeb AE, Lako M, Steel DH. Coculture techniques for modeling retinal development and disease, and enabling regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1531-1548. [PMID: 32767661 PMCID: PMC7695644 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell‐derived retinal organoids offer the opportunity to cure retinal degeneration of wide‐ranging etiology either through the study of in vitro models or the generation of tissue for transplantation. However, despite much work in animals and several human pilot studies, satisfactory therapies have not been developed. Two major challenges for retinal regenerative medicine are (a) physical cell‐cell interactions, which are critical to graft function, are not formed and (b) the host environment does not provide suitable queues for development. Several strategies offer to improve the delivery, integration, maturation, and functionality of cell transplantation. These include minimally invasive delivery, biocompatible material vehicles, retinal cell sheets, and optogenetics. Optimizing several variables in animal models is practically difficult, limited by anatomical and disease pathology which is often different to humans, and faces regulatory and ethical challenges. High‐throughput methods are needed to experimentally optimize these variables. Retinal organoids will be important to the success of these models. In their current state, they do not incorporate a representative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)‐photoreceptor interface nor vascular elements, which influence the neural retina phenotype directly and are known to be dysfunctional in common retinal diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration. Advanced coculture techniques, which emulate the RPE‐photoreceptor and RPE‐Bruch's‐choriocapillaris interactions, can incorporate disease‐specific, human retinal organoids and overcome these drawbacks. Herein, we review retinal coculture models of the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris. We delineate the scientific need for such systems in the study of retinal organogenesis, disease modeling, and the optimization of regenerative cell therapies for retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Ghareeb
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - David H Steel
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK.,Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reinhard J, Wagner N, Krämer MM, Jarocki M, Joachim SC, Dick HB, Faissner A, Kakkassery V. Expression Changes and Impact of the Extracellular Matrix on Etoposide Resistant Human Retinoblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124322. [PMID: 32560557 PMCID: PMC7352646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) represents the most common malignant childhood eye tumor worldwide. Several studies indicate that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, recent studies indicate that the ECM composition might influence the development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate possible expression differences in the ECM compartment of the parental human cell lines WERI-RB1 (retinoblastoma 1) and Y79 and their Etoposide resistant subclones via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Western blot analyses were performed to analyze protein levels. To explore the influence of ECM molecules on RB cell proliferation, death, and cluster formation, WERI-RB1 and resistant WERI-ETOR cells were cultivated on Fibronectin, Laminin, Tenascin-C, and Collagen IV and analyzed via time-lapse video microscopy as well as immunocytochemistry. We revealed a significantly reduced mRNA expression of the proteoglycans Brevican, Neurocan, and Versican in resistant WERI-ETOR compared to sensitive WERI-RB1 cells. Also, for the glycoproteins α1-Laminin, Fibronectin, Tenascin-C, and Tenascin-R as well as Collagen IV, reduced expression levels were observed in WERI-ETOR. Furthermore, a downregulation was detected for the matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, the tissue-inhibitor of metalloproteinase TIMP2, the Integrin receptor subunits ITGA4, ITGA5 and ITGB1, and all receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ isoforms. Downregulation of Brevican, Collagen IV, Tenascin-R, MMP2, TIMP2, and ITGA5 was also verified in Etoposide resistant Y79 cells compared to sensitive ones. Protein levels of Tenascin-C and MMP-2 were comparable in both WERI cell lines. Interestingly, Fibronectin displayed an apoptosis-inducing effect on WERI-RB1 cells, whereas an anti-apoptotic influence was observed for Tenascin-C. Conversely, proliferation of WERI-ETOR cells was enhanced on Tenascin-C, while an anti-proliferative effect was observed on Fibronectin. In WERI-ETOR, cluster formation was decreased on the substrates Collagen IV, Fibronectin, and Tenascin-C. Collectively, we noted a different ECM mRNA expression and behavior of Etoposide resistant compared to sensitive RB cells. These findings may indicate a key role of ECM components in chemotherapy resistance formation of RB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.K.); Tel.: +49-234-32-24-314 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43911 (V.K.); Fax: +49-234-32-143-13 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43914 (V.K.)
| | - Natalie Wagner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Miriam M. Krämer
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Marvin Jarocki
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
| | - H. Burkhard Dick
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany; (N.W.); (M.M.K.); (M.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (S.C.J.); (H.B.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (V.K.); Tel.: +49-234-32-24-314 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43911 (V.K.); Fax: +49-234-32-143-13 (J.R.); +49-451-500-43914 (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Georgiou M, Chichagova V, Hilgen G, Dorgau B, Sernagor E, Armstrong L, Lako M. Room temperature shipment does not affect the biological activity of pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal organoids. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233860. [PMID: 32479513 PMCID: PMC7263587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of laminated and light responsive retinal organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provides a powerful tool for the study of retinal diseases and drug discovery and a robust platform for cell-based therapies. The aim of this study is to investigate whether retinal organoids can retain their morphological and functional characteristics upon storage at room temperature (RT) conditions and shipment by air using a commercially available container that maintains the environment at ambient temperature. Morphological analysis and measurements of neuroepithelial thickness revealed no differences between control, RT incubated and shipped organoids. Similarly immunohistochemical analysis showed no differences in cell type composition and position within the laminated retinal structure. All groups showed a similar response to light, suggesting that the biological function of retinal organoids was not affected by RT storage or shipment. These findings provide an advance in transport of ready-made retinal organoids, increasing their availability to many research and pharma labs worldwide and facilitating cross-collaborative research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Chichagova
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom.,Newcells Biotech Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit Hilgen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom.,Newcells Biotech Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Evelyne Sernagor
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom.,Newcells Biotech Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Behtaj S, Öchsner A, Anissimov YG, Rybachuk M. Retinal Tissue Bioengineering, Materials and Methods for the Treatment of Glaucoma. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:253-269. [PMID: 32390117 PMCID: PMC7260329 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glaucoma, a characteristic type of optic nerve degeneration in the posterior pole of the eye, is a common cause of irreversible vision loss and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is identified by increasing degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), with consequential vision loss. Current treatments only postpone the development of retinal degeneration, and there are as yet no treatments available for this disability. Recent studies have shown that replacing lost or damaged RGCs with healthy RGCs or RGC precursors, supported by appropriately designed bio-material scaffolds, could facilitate the development and enhancement of connections to ganglion cells and optic nerve axons. The consequence may be an improved retinal regeneration. This technique could also offer the possibility for retinal regeneration in treating other forms of optic nerve ailments through RGC replacement. METHODS In this brief review, we describe the innovations and recent developments in retinal regenerative medicine such as retinal organoids and gene therapy which are specific to glaucoma treatment and focus on the selection of appropriate bio-engineering principles, biomaterials and cell therapies that are presently employed in this growing research area. RESULTS Identification of optimal sources of cells, improving cell survival, functional integration upon transplantation, and developing techniques to deliver cells into the retinal space without provoking immune responses are the main challenges in retinal cell replacement therapies. CONCLUSION The restoration of visual function in glaucoma patients by the RGC replacement therapies requires appropriate protocols and biotechnology methods. Tissue-engineered scaffolds, the generation of retinal organoids, and gene therapy may help to overcome some of the challenges in the generation of clinically safe RGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Behtaj
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Engineering Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andreas Öchsner
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Esslingen University of Applied Sciences, Kanalstrasse 33, 73728, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Yuri G Anissimov
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD, 4222, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russia
| | - Maksym Rybachuk
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Proteoglycan IMPG2 Shapes the Interphotoreceptor Matrix and Modulates Vision. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4059-4072. [PMID: 32265257 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2994-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor neurons are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, called the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Activities crucial to vision occur within the IPM, including trafficking of nutrients and metabolites, retinal attachment, and interactions needed for normal outer segment phagocytosis. The IPM includes the following two unique proteoglycans: IPM proteoglycan 1 (IMPG1) and IMPG2. Patients with mutations in IMPG1/IMPG2 develop visual deficits with subretinal material accumulation, highlighting the critical role of the IPM in vision. To determine the role of these proteoglycans in retinal physiology and the pathologic mechanisms that lead to vision loss, we generated mouse models lacking IMPG1/IMPG2. In normal retina, IMPG1 and IMPG2 occupy distinct IPM compartments, represent the main source of chondroitin sulfate and are fundamental for the constitution of the cone-specific glycocalyx stained by the PNA (peanut agglutinin) lectin marker. No evident morphologic or functional deficits were found in mice lacking IMPG1. In the absence of IMPG2, IMPG1 abnormally accumulated at the subretinal space need, likely leading to the formation of subretinal lesions and reduced visual function. Interestingly, mice lacking both IMPG1 and IMPG2, regardless of sex, showed normal retinal structure and function, demonstrating that the aberrant IMPG1 distribution is the main cause of the visual alterations observed in the absence of IMPG2. In conclusion, our results show the dependence of secreted proteoglycans such as IMPG1 on the extracellular environment to properly integrate into the matrix, demonstrate the role of IMPG2 in shaping the IPM, and shed light on the potential mechanisms leading to the development of subretinal lesions and vision loss.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The photoreceptors are specialized neurons that drive phototransduction in the mammalian retina. These cells are organized and surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM). Mutations in IPM proteoglycans are associated with blindness in humans. Our studies show that two specific proteoglycans of the IPM, IPM proteoglycan 1 (IMPG1) and IMPG2, form a dynamic structure with distinct localization and dependency. When IMPG2 is absent, IMPG1 cannot integrate into the IPM, leading to abnormal proteoglycan accumulation and visual deficits. This work adds a new layer of understanding to IPM physiology and describes the pathologic events following deficits in proteoglycans, providing novel possibilities for visual restoration in patients with IMPG-related pathologies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Fligor CM, Huang KC, Lavekar SS, VanderWall KB, Meyer JS. Differentiation of retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 159:279-302. [PMID: 32586447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into any cell type of the body, including those of the retina. Through the differentiation of these cells as retinal organoids, it is now possible to model the spatial and temporal development of the human retina using hPSCs, in which retinal progenitor cells produce the entire repertoire of retinal cells, first differentiating into retinal ganglion cells and ending with mature photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and Müller glia. Importantly, retinal organoids self-assemble into laminated structures that recapitulate the layering of the human retina with a retinal ganglion cell layer lining the inner layer and a distinctly separate photoreceptor layer occupying the outer layers. This organoid technology has provided access to human tissue for developmental and disease modeling, as well as translational applications such as high throughput drug screening and cell replacement therapies. However, the differentiation of retinal organoids does require some expertise and multiple strategies produce inconsistent results. Here, we describe in detail a well-established and relatively simple method for the generation of retinal organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse M Fligor
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sailee S Lavekar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kirstin B VanderWall
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Quinn PM, Wijnholds J. Retinogenesis of the Human Fetal Retina: An Apical Polarity Perspective. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E987. [PMID: 31795518 PMCID: PMC6947654 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Crumbs complex has prominent roles in the control of apical cell polarity, in the coupling of cell density sensing to downstream cell signaling pathways, and in regulating junctional structures and cell adhesion. The Crumbs complex acts as a conductor orchestrating multiple downstream signaling pathways in epithelial and neuronal tissue development. These pathways lead to the regulation of cell size, cell fate, cell self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, migration, mitosis, and apoptosis. In retinogenesis, these are all pivotal processes with important roles for the Crumbs complex to maintain proper spatiotemporal cell processes. Loss of Crumbs function in the retina results in loss of the stratified appearance resulting in retinal degeneration and loss of visual function. In this review, we begin by discussing the physiology of vision. We continue by outlining the processes of retinogenesis and how well this is recapitulated between the human fetal retina and human embryonic stem cell (ESC) or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids. Additionally, we discuss the functionality of in utero and preterm human fetal retina and the current level of functionality as detected in human stem cell-derived organoids. We discuss the roles of apical-basal cell polarity in retinogenesis with a focus on Leber congenital amaurosis which leads to blindness shortly after birth. Finally, we discuss Crumbs homolog (CRB)-based gene augmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M.J. Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fussbroich D, Kohnle C, Schwenger T, Driessler C, Dücker RP, Eickmeier O, Gottwald G, Jerkic SP, Zielen S, Kreyenberg H, Beermann C, Chiocchetti AG, Schubert R. A combination of LCPUFAs regulates the expression of miRNA-146a-5p in a murine asthma model and human alveolar cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 147:106378. [PMID: 31698144 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCPUFAs are suggestive of having beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, little is known about the modulative capacity of omega-(n)-3 and n-6 LCPUFAs within the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory processes. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether a specific combined LCPUFA supplementation restores disease-dysregulated miRNA-profiles in asthmatic mice. In addition, we determined the effect of the LCPUFA supplementation on the interaction of the most regulated miRNA expression and oxygenase activity in vitro. METHODS Sequencing of miRNA was performed by NGS from lung tissue of asthmatic and control mice with normal diet, as well as of LCPUFA supplemented asthmatic mice. Network analysis and evaluation of the biological targets of the miRNAs were performed by DIANA- miRPath v.3 webserver software, TargetScanMouse 7.2, and tool String v.10, respectively. Expression of hsa-miRNA-146a-5p and activity of COX-2 and 5-LO in LCPUFA-treated A549 cells were assessed by qPCR and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS In total, 62 miRNAs were dysregulated significantly in murine allergic asthma. The LCPUFA combination restored 21 of these dysregulated miRNAs, of which eight (mmu-miR-146a-5p, -30a-3p, -139-5p, -669p-5p, -145a-5p, -669a-5p, -342-3p and -15b-5p) were even normalized compared to the control levels. Interestingly, six of the eight rescued miRNAs are functionally implicated in TGF-β signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and fatty acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that upregulation of hsa-miRNA-146a-5p is accompanied by a reduction of COX-2 and 5-LO activity. Moreover, transfection experiments revealed that LCPUFAs inhibit 5-LO activity in the presence and absence of anti-miR-146a-5p. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the modulative capacity of LCPUFAs on dysregulated miRNA expression in asthma. In addition, we pointed out the high regulative potential of LCPUFAs on 5-LO regulation and provided evidence that miR-146a partly controls the regulation of 5-LO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fussbroich
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Str. 123, Fulda, Germany; Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - C Kohnle
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - T Schwenger
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Str. 123, Fulda, Germany
| | - C Driessler
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R P Dücker
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - O Eickmeier
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - G Gottwald
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S P Jerkic
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - S Zielen
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - H Kreyenberg
- Division for Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunology, Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - C Beermann
- Department of Food Technology, University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Str. 123, Fulda, Germany
| | - A G Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - R Schubert
- Division for Allergy, Pneumology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shrestha A, Allen BN, Wiley LA, Tucker BA, Worthington KS. Development of High-Resolution Three-Dimensional-Printed Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds and Their Compatibility with Pluripotent Stem Cells and Early Retinal Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2019; 36:42-55. [PMID: 31414943 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2018.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Widely used approaches for retinal disease modeling and in vitro therapeutic testing can be augmented by using tissue-engineered scaffolds with a precise 3-dimensional structure. However, the materials currently used for these scaffolds are poorly matched to the biochemical and mechanical properties of the in vivo retina. Here, we create biopolymer-based scaffolds with a structure that is amenable to retinal tissue engineering and modeling. Methods: Optimal two-photon polymerization (TPP) settings, including laser power and scanning speed, are identified for 4 methacrylated biopolymer formulations: collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid (HA), and a 50/50 mixture of gelatin/HA, each with methylene blue as a photoinitiator. For select formulations, fabrication accuracy and swelling are determined and biocompatibility is evaluated by using human induced pluripotent stem cells and rat postnatal retinal cells. Results: TPP is feasible for each biopolymer formulation, but it is the most reliable for mixtures containing gelatin and the least reliable for HA alone. The mean size of microscaffold pores is within several microns of the intended value but the overall structure size is several times greater than the modeled volume. The addition of HA to gelatin scaffolds increases cell viability and promotes neuronal phenotype, including Tuj-1 expression and characteristic morphology. Conclusion: We successfully determined a useful range of TPP settings for 4 methacrylated biopolymer formulations. When crosslinked, these extracellular matrix-derived molecules support the growth and attachment of retinal cells. We anticipate that when combined with existing patient-specific approaches, this technique will enable more efficient and accurate retinal disease modeling and therapeutic testing in vitro than current techniques allow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arwin Shrestha
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Roy J. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brittany N Allen
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Luke A Wiley
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Roy J. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Roy J. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kristan S Worthington
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Institute for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Roy J. Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The fovea centralis, an anatomically concave pit located at the center of the macula, is avascular, hypoxic, and characteristic of stem-cell niches of other tissues. We hypothesized that in the fovea, undifferentiated retinal-stem-cell-like cells may exist, and that neurogenesis may occur. Hence, we performed an immunohistological study using cynomolgus monkey retinas. After preparing frozen tissue sections of the retina including the foveal pit, immunostaining was performed for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, vimentin, neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (Tuj-1), arrestin 4, neurofilament, CD117, CD44, Ki67, and cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), followed by fluorescence and/or confocal microscopy examinations. Immunostaining of the tissue sections enabled clear observation of strongly GFAP-positive cells that corresponded to the inner-half layer of the foveolar Müller cell cone. The surface layer of the foveal slope was partially costained with GFAP and vimentin. Tuj-1-positive cells were observed in the innermost layer of the foveolar retina, which spanned to the surrounding ganglion cell layer. Moreover, colocalization of Tuj-1 and GFAP was observed at the foveal pit. The coexpression of CD117 and CD44 was found in the interphotoreceptor matrix of the fovea. The foveolar cone stained positive for both nestin and arrestin 4, however, the photoreceptor layer outside of the foveola displayed weak staining for nestin. Colocalization of nestin and vimentin was observed in the inner half of the Henle layer, while colocalization of nestin and neurofilament was observed in the outer half, predominantly. Scattered Ki67-positive cells were observed in the cellular processes of the outer plexiform layer and the ganglion cell layer around the foveola. Immunostaining for CRALBP was negative in most parts of the GFAP-positive area. The Müller cell cone was divided into GFAP-strongly positive cells, presumably astrocytes, in the inner layer and nestin-positive/GFAP-weakly positive radial glia-like cells in the outer layer. These findings indicated that groups of such undifferentiated cells in the foveola might be involved in maintaining morphology and regeneration.
Collapse
|
32
|
Dorgau B, Felemban M, Hilgen G, Kiening M, Zerti D, Hunt NC, Doherty M, Whitfield P, Hallam D, White K, Ding Y, Krasnogor N, Al-Aama J, Asfour HZ, Sernagor E, Lako M. Decellularised extracellular matrix-derived peptides from neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium enhance the expression of synaptic markers and light responsiveness of human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal organoids. Biomaterials 2019; 199:63-75. [PMID: 30738336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tissue specific extracellular matrices (ECM) provide structural support and enable access to molecular signals and metabolites, which are essential for directing stem cell renewal and differentiation. To mimic this phenomenon in vitro, tissue decellularisation approaches have been developed, resulting in the generation of natural ECM scaffolds that have comparable physical and biochemical properties of the natural tissues and are currently gaining traction in tissue engineering and regenerative therapies due to the ease of standardised production, and constant availability. In this manuscript we report the successful generation of decellularised ECM-derived peptides from neural retina (decel NR) and retinal pigment epithelium (decel RPE), and their impact on differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to retinal organoids. We show that culture media supplementation with decel RPE and RPE-conditioned media (CM RPE) significantly increases the generation of rod photoreceptors, whilst addition of decel NR and decel RPE significantly enhances ribbon synapse marker expression and the light responsiveness of retinal organoids. Photoreceptor maturation, formation of correct synapses between retinal cells and recording of robust light responses from hPSC-derived retinal organoids remain unresolved challenges for the field of regenerative medicine. Enhanced rod photoreceptor differentiation, synaptogenesis and light response in response to addition of decellularised matrices from RPE and neural retina as shown herein provide a novel and substantial advance in generation of retinal organoids for drug screening, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Dorgau
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Darin Zerti
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Dean Hallam
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | - Yuchun Ding
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jumana Al-Aama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Z Asfour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research o Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|