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Rijkx MEP, Bernardi E, Schop SJ, Heuts EM, Lobbes MBI, Hommes JE, de Grzymala AP, van Nijnatten TJA. Radiologic findings in women after Autologous Fat Transfer (AFT) based breast reconstruction: A Systematic Review. JPRAS Open 2024; 42:113-132. [PMID: 39308743 PMCID: PMC11416601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is increasingly used in breast reconstructive surgery. Due to post-surgical changes, in breast imaging after AFT, it can be challenging to differentiate between benign and suspicious findings. This systematic review aimed to present an overview of the literature on breast imaging after AFT-based breast reconstruction. The descriptive radiologic findings focus on different breast imaging modalities (i.e., mammography (MG), ultrasound (US), and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to provide an overview of the most commonly reported benign and suspicious findings. Results The literature search yielded 20 studies from 2006-2022 that reported AFT-based breast reconstructions and included the radiologic evaluation of the included breast imaging modalities. Only six of the 20 included studies provided qualitative descriptions of radiologic findings. Fat necrosis was most frequently reported. On MG, fat necrosis was described in a variety of stages such as oil cyst or cytosteatonecrosis with or without calcifications. On US, it was described as a nonvascular hypo- or anechoic mass, and on breast MRI, it was most frequently reported as hypointense homogenous architectural distortion. Additional biopsies to differentiate between benign and malignant findings after AFT-based breast reconstruction were reported in 13 of the 20 studies. Among all included studies in the current review, a total of 34 of 137 biopsies were considered malignant (24.8%). Conclusion Qualitative descriptions of the reported radiologic findings after AFT for breast reconstruction were limited. Additional biopsies can be considered to differentiate between benign and suspicious findings. More experience and research are necessary to improve the interpretation of breast imaging after AFT-based breast reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E P Rijkx
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive-, and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E Bernardi
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive-, and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S J Schop
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive-, and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Heuts
- Department of General Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M B I Lobbes
- Department of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J E Hommes
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive-, and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Piatkowski de Grzymala
- Department of Plastic-, Reconstructive-, and Hand Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T J A van Nijnatten
- Department of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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2
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Prasad K, Rifai A, Recek N, Schuessler D, Levchenko I, Murdock A, Mozetič M, Fox K, Alexander K. Nanocarbon-Polymer Composites for Next-Generation Breast Implant Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:50251-50266. [PMID: 39264232 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Most breast implants currently used in both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery have a silicone outer shell, which, despite much progress, remains susceptible to mechanical failure, infection, and foreign body response. This study shows that the durability and biocompatibility of breast implant-grade silicone can be enhanced by incorporating carbon nanomaterials of sp2 and sp3 hybridization into the polymer matrix and onto its surface. Plasma treatment of the implant surface can be used to modify platelet adhesion and activation to prevent thrombosis, postoperative infection, and inflammation disorders. The addition of 0.8% graphene flakes resulted in an increase in mechanical strength by 64% and rupture strength by around 77% when compared to pure silicone, whereas when nanodiamond (ND) was used as the additive, the mechanical strength was increased by 19.4% and rupture strength by 37.5%. Composites with a partially embedded surface layer of either graphene or ND showed superior antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility compared to pure silicone. All composite materials were able to sustain the attachment and growth of human dermal fibroblast, with the preferred growth noted on ND-coated surfaces when compared to graphene-coated surfaces. Exposure of these materials to hydrogen plasma for 5, 10, and 20 s led to substantially reduced platelet attachment on the surfaces. Hydrogen-treated pure silicone showed a decrease in platelet attachment for samples treated for 5-20 s, whereas silicone composite showed an almost threefold decrease in platelet attachment for the same plasma treatment times. The absence of platelet activation on the surface of composite materials suggests a significant improvement in hemocompatibility of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Prasad
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Aaqil Rifai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Nina Recek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Schuessler
- Product Development, Allergan Aesthetics, 2525 Dupont Drive, Irvine, CA 92612, United States
| | - Igor Levchenko
- Plasma Sources and Application Centre, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Adrian Murdock
- Fortescue Future Industries, East Perth, WA 6004, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, 36 Bradfield Road, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Surface Engineering, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kate Fox
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Computing and Cybernetics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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3
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Dhoundiyal S, Alam MA. Advancements in Biotechnology and Stem Cell Therapies for Breast Cancer Patients. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:1072-1083. [PMID: 37815191 DOI: 10.2174/011574888x268109230924233850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review article examines the integration of biotechnology and stem cell therapy in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. It discusses the use of biotechnological tools such as liquid biopsies, genomic profiling, and imaging technologies for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Stem cell-based approaches, their role in modeling breast cancer progression, and their potential for breast reconstruction post-mastectomy are explored. The review highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies that combine biotechnological tools and stem cell therapies. Ethical considerations, challenges in clinical translation, and regulatory frameworks are also addressed. The article concludes by emphasizing the potential of integrating biotechnology and stem cell therapy to improve breast cancer outcomes, highlighting the need for continued research and collaboration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivang Dhoundiyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar
Pradesh, India
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4
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Zhao Q, Ogino S, Lee S, Kato Y, Li Y, Sakamoto M, Yamanaka H, Nakano T, Sawaragi E, Morimoto N. Development of new bioabsorbable implants with de novo adipogenesis. Regen Ther 2023; 24:311-317. [PMID: 37638279 PMCID: PMC10448420 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) mesh implants containing collagen sponge (CS) were replaced with autologous adipose tissue regeneration in vivo. Herein, we investigated the optimal external frames and internal fillings using poly (lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (P (LA/CL)), PLLA, and low-molecular-weight PLLA (LMW-PLLA) as the external frame and polyglycolic acid (PGA) nanosheets and CS as the internal filling. We prepared six implants: P (LA/CL) with PGA nano, PLLA with PGA nano, PLLA with CS, PLLA with 1/2 CS, PLLA with 1/4 CS, and LMW-PLLA with CS, and evaluated adipogenesis at 6 and 12 months using a rat inguinal model. The internal spaces in the P (LA/CL) and LMW-PLLA implants collapsed at 6 months, whereas those in the other four implants collapsed at 12 months. Adipose tissue regeneration was not significantly different between the PLLA-implanted groups at 6 and 12 months and was greater than that in the P (LA/CL) with PGA nano and LMW-PLLA with CS groups. The PGA nanosheet inside PLLA was comparable to the CS inside PLLA in the regeneration of adipose tissue and macrophage infiltration. In summary, PLLA is a promising external frame material in which the internal space can be replaced with adipose tissue. Thus, PGA nanosheets are an alternative internal filling material for adipose tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ogino
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Sunghee Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Kato
- Gunze QOL Research Center Laboratory, 1 Zeze, Aono-cho, Ayabe, Kyoto 623-8511, Japan
| | - Yuanjiaozi Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michiharu Sakamoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sawaragi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin, Kawahara-cho, Sakyou-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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5
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Janszen G, Arnoldi M, Vinci V, Klinger M, Di Landro L. On the Safety of Implanted Breast Prostheses in Accidental Impacts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4807. [PMID: 37445121 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The employment of breast silicone implants, both in aesthetic and reconstructive medicine, is widespread thanks to their recognized biocompatibility and durability. Some critical situations, for example, in the case of accidental impacts, may induce concerns by potential patients about their use. Dynamic tests reproducing frontal impacts at speeds up to 90 km/h, with anthropomorphic dummies carrying 330 cc prostheses and wearing safety belts, were conducted. Tests showed a significant probability of internal gel loss following implant damage at the highest speed. Moreover, considering that prostheses may remain implanted for many years, the effects of accelerated aging at 37 °C, 60 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C in physiological solution were also investigated. Tensile tests of the shell material and compressive tests of the full prosthesis showed evidence of variation in the prostheses' mechanical characteristics after aging, which affects their stiffness, deformability and strength. These results stress the importance of medical investigations for possible damages of the implanted prostheses in the case of an accident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardus Janszen
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Arnoldi
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Valeriano Vinci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Klinger
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Di Landro
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milano, Italy
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6
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Giovannini E, Travascio L, Follacchio GA, Bauckneht M, Criscuoli B, De Cataldo C, Iozzelli A, Cimini A, Ricci M. Medical Imaging of Inflammations and Infections of Breast Implants. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101807. [PMID: 37238291 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast implants are widely used for reconstructive and/or cosmetic purposes. Inflammations and infections of breast implants represent important complications in clinical practice. The proper management of complications is necessary: diagnostic imaging plays a key role in detecting sites of inflammation and/or infection. The present review aims to illustrate the radiological findings of these conditions with different imaging techniques, such as mammography (MX), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine imaging. A knowledge of these findings is essential for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians to provide helpful information for the clinical management of these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Travascio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, P.O. Spirito Santo, 65124 Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Bauckneht
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Camilla De Cataldo
- Department of Breast Imaging and Emergency Radiology, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Iozzelli
- Radiology Unit, Macerata Hospital, AST, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Andrea Cimini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, St. Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Ricci
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Cardarelli Hospital, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
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7
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Xenograft-decellularized adipose tissue supports adipose remodeling in rabbit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:187-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Chen Y, Zhou X, Huang S, Lan Y, Yan R, Shi X, Li X, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Fan D. Effect of Microgroove Structure in PDMS-Based Silicone Implants on Biocompatibility. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:793778. [PMID: 35127669 PMCID: PMC8812998 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.793778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsule and capsule contracture around implants are important concerns in a clinic. The physical topology of the material surface regulates the formation of the capsule, but the specific regulatory mechanism is unclear. In this study, four types of silicone implant materials with different microgroove structures (groove depths of 10 and 50 μm and widths of 50 and 200 μm) were constructed using lithography to form different gradient surface topologies. Mass spectrometry, Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxycytidine (EdU), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the changes in protein adsorption, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and collagen deposition on the surface of the materials. At the same time, RNA-seq was used to detect transcriptome differences caused by different structures. Furthermore, collagen deposition and capsule formation were observed in the rats. The groove structure was observed to significantly increase the surface roughness of the material. The deeper groove and the narrower width of the polydimethylsiloxane would increase the surface roughness of the material and the surface water contact angle but reduce the total amount of adsorbed protein in the first two hours. In vitro cell experiments revealed that microtopology affected cell proliferation and adhesion and regulated collagen secretion. Further analysis indicated the deeper and narrower groove (group 50–50) on the surface of the material caused more evident collagen deposition around the material, forming a thicker envelope. Surface roughness of the material was thus related to collagen deposition and envelope thickness. The thickness of the envelope tissue around smooth materials does not exceed that of the materials with surface roughness. In conclusion, the narrower and deeper grooves in the micron range exhibited poor histocompatibility and led to formation of thicker envelopes around the materials. The appropriate grooves can reduce envelope thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zeyuan Lei
- *Correspondence: Dongli Fan, ; Zeyuan Lei,
| | - Dongli Fan
- *Correspondence: Dongli Fan, ; Zeyuan Lei,
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9
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Cometta S, Bock N, Suresh S, Dargaville TR, Hutmacher DW. Antibacterial Albumin-Tannic Acid Coatings for Scaffold-Guided Breast Reconstruction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:638577. [PMID: 33869154 PMCID: PMC8044405 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.638577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the major cause of morbidity after breast implant surgery. Biodegradable medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) scaffolds designed and rooted in evidence-based research offer a promising alternative to overcome the limitations of routinely used silicone implants for breast reconstruction. Nevertheless, as with any implant, biodegradable scaffolds are susceptible to bacterial infection too, especially as bacteria can rapidly colonize the biomaterial surface and form biofilms. Biofilm-related infections are notoriously challenging to treat and can lead to chronic infection and persisting inflammation of surrounding tissue. To date, no clinical solution that allows to efficiently prevent bacterial infection while promoting correct implant integration, has been developed. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge that the physical immobilization of 1 and 5% human serum albumin (HSA) onto the surface of 3D printed macro- and microporous mPCL scaffolds, resulted in a reduction of Staphylococcus aureus colonization by 71.7 ± 13.6% and 54.3 ± 12.8%, respectively. Notably, when treatment of scaffolds with HSA was followed by tannic acid (TA) crosslinking/stabilization, uniform and stable coatings with improved antibacterial activity were obtained. The HSA/TA-coated scaffolds were shown to be stable when incubated at physiological conditions in cell culture media for 7 days. Moreover, they were capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two most commonly found bacteria in breast implant infections. Most importantly, 1%HSA/10%TA- and 5%HSA/1%TA-coated scaffolds were able to reduce S. aureus colonization on the mPCL surface, by 99.8 ± 0.1% and 98.8 ± 0.6%, respectively, in comparison to the non-coated control specimens. This system offers a new biomaterial strategy to effectively translate the prevention of biofilm-related infections on implant surfaces without relying on the use of prophylactic antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cometta
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sinduja Suresh
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim R Dargaville
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre in Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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10
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Rapid construction of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) biological implants incorporated with brushite (CaHPO 4·2H 2O) and antibiotics for anti-infection and enhanced osseointegration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110782. [PMID: 32279744 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an ideal implant material for orthopedic and dental application due to its high biocompatibility and mechanical property. However, biological inertness of PEEK hinders the effective clinical applications in treating bone defect, especially in the situation accompanied by bacterial infection. In this study, a layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition method with controlled cycles was developed to rapidly construct brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O) (CaP) layers containing gentamicin sulfate (GS) on PEEK to obtain CaP-and-GS modified PEEK, named as PEEK/CaP-GS. Different PEEK/CaP-GS, like PEEK/CaP-GS*3, PEEK/CaP-GS*6 and PEEK/CaP-GS*9 were conveniently prepared by repeating the LBL cycles to 3, 6 and 9 times, respectively. The morphology, structure and surface property of the fabricated PEEK/CaP-GS were carefully characterized. In vitro antibacterial experiments illustrated that all of the PEEK/CaP-GS samples had excellent and sustained antibacterial property. Cell proliferation experiments revealed the acceptable biocompatibility and cell osteogenic differentiation of PEEK/CaP-GS, especially in PEEK/CaP-GS*6. X-ray, μ-CT, and histological analysis showed that PEEK/CaP-GS exhibited in vivo antibacterial activity and osseointegration ability in the treatment of bone defect with infection. In both the in vitro and the in vivo experiments, PEEK/CaP-GS*6 prepared from the 6 LBL cycles exhibited the best antibacterial and osseointegration ability for bone healing. This work opens new avenue of the facile and effective modification of PEEK with special biological functions for clinical application, especially for the implants requiring excellent antibacterial and osseointegration ability.
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12
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Tradeoffs in Implant Selection for Reconstructive Surgery and Adjuncts Utilized to Maximize Aesthetic Outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:51S-59S. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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