1
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Hao G, Qi Z, Li L, Xu ZP. Investigation of the mucin-nanoparticle interactions via real-time monitoring by microbalance and kinetic model simulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:588-597. [PMID: 38308897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between nanoparticles and the mucus layer are crucial to understand the behaviours in biological environments and design drug delivery systems. In this study, we developed a kinetic deposition model for the dynamic mucin-nanoparticle interactions using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). We investigated the effects of the physiochemical properties of several nanoparticles (including size, charge, and shape) and the physiological conditions on the mucin-nanoparticle interaction. Interestingly, layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles showed stronger interactions with the mucus layer compared to other types of nanoparticles due to their unique plate-like morphology. In specific for sheet-like LDH nanoparticles, our model found that their equilibrium adsorption capacity (Qe) followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the adsorption rate (k1) increased proportionally with the nanoparticle concentration. In addition, the particle size and thickness affected Qe and the surface coverage. Furthermore, bovine serum albumin (BSA) coating dramatically increased k1 of LDH nanoparticles. We proposed a novel mechanism to elucidate mucin-nanoparticle interactions, shedding light on the synergistic roles of drag force (Fd), repulsive force (Fr), and adsorptive force (Fa). These findings offer valuable insights into the complex mucin-nanoparticle interactions and provide guidance for the design of drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Hao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Qi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Li Li
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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2
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Yan X, Sha X. Nanoparticle-Mediated Strategies for Enhanced Drug Penetration and Retention in the Airway Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2457. [PMID: 37896217 PMCID: PMC10610050 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel composed mainly of water, glycoproteins, lipids, enzymes, minerals, etc. Among them, glycoproteins are the main factors determining mucus's gel-like rheology. Airway mucus forms a protective barrier by secreting mucin, which represents a barrier for absorption, especially for more lipophilic drugs. It rapidly removes drugs from the airway through the physiological mucus clearance mechanism so drugs cannot remain in the lungs or reach the airway epithelial tissue for a long time. Significant progress has been made in enhancing drug lung deposition recently, but strategies are still needed to help drugs break through the lung mucosal barrier. Based on the physiopathological mechanisms of airway mucus, this paper reviews and summarizes strategies to enhance drug penetration and retention in the airway mucosa mediated by nano-delivery systems, including mucosal permeation systems, mucosal adhesion systems, and enzyme-modified delivery systems. On this basis, the potential and challenges of nano-delivery systems for improving airway mucus clearance are revealed. New ideas and approaches are provided for designing novel nano-delivery systems that effectively improve drug retention and penetration in the airway mucus layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Xianyi Sha
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China;
- The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, 120 Urumqi Middle Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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3
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Huang X, Hu J, Chen G, Liang Y, Koh JYC, Liu D, Chen X, Zhou P. Conformational entropy of hyaluronic acid contributes to taste enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 241:124513. [PMID: 37086774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural taste/flavor enhancers are essential ingredients that could potentially address condiments overconsumption. For the first time, we report that hyaluronic acid (HA) could modulate taste perception, governed by the dynamic interactions among taste compounds, mucin, and HA. Various conformations of HA impact taste perception. The high molecular weight (Mw) of 1090 kDa HA inhibits the sense of taste due to its increased viscosity, which hinders the penetration of Na+ into the mucin layer. HA with low and medium Mw (100 kDa, 400 kDa) could enhance taste perception. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis confirms the stronger binding between mucin and HA. The intensity of their interaction increases as the Mw of HA increases from 8 kDa to 400 kDa. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation characterization further indicates that the rigid conformation of 100 kDa HA facilitates the binding of Na+ with taste receptors, thereby enhancing taste perception. The flexible conformation of 400 kDa HA may conceal the taste receptor cells, reducing taste enhancement. Our work advances the understanding of conformational entropy of natural mucoadhesion and mucopenetration polymers, which lays the foundation for their potential use as taste enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Guangxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongxue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yan Cheryl Koh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Dingrong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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4
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Xu Y, Parra-Ortiz E, Wan F, Cañadas O, Garcia-Alvarez B, Thakur A, Franzyk H, Pérez-Gil J, Malmsten M, Foged C. Insights into the mechanisms of interaction between inhalable lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles and pulmonary surfactant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 633:511-525. [PMID: 36463820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) using nanoparticle-based delivery systems is promising for local treatment of respiratory diseases. We designed dry powder inhaler formulations of siRNA-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) with aerosolization properties optimized for inhalation therapy. Interactions between LPNs and pulmonary surfactant (PS) determine the fate of inhaled LPNs, but interaction mechanisms are unknown. Here we used surface-sensitive techniques to study how physicochemical properties and pathological microenvironments influence interactions between siRNA-loaded LPNs and supported PS layers. PS was deposited on SiO2 surfaces as single bilayer or multilayers and characterized using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection. Immobilization of PS as multilayers, resembling the structural PS organization in the alveolar subphase, effectively reduced the relative importance of interactions between PS and the underlying surface. However, the binding affinity between PS and LPNs was identical in the two models. The physicochemical LPN properties influenced the translocation pathways and retention time of LPNs. Membrane fluidity and electrostatic interactions were decisive for the interaction strength between LPNs and PS. Experimental conditions reflecting pathological microenvironments promoted LPN deposition. Hence, these results shed new light on design criteria for LPN transport through the air-blood barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Elisa Parra-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Olga Cañadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Garcia-Alvarez
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Malmsten
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Physical Chemistry 1, University of Lund, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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5
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Guo Y, Ma Y, Chen X, Li M, Ma X, Cheng G, Xue C, Zuo YY, Sun B. Mucus Penetration of Surface-Engineered Nanoparticles in Various pH Microenvironments. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2813-2828. [PMID: 36719858 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The penetration behavior of nanoparticles in mucous depends on physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and the mucus microenvironment, due to particle-mucin interactions and the presence of the mucin mesh space filtration effect. To date, it is still unclear how the surface properties of nanoparticles influence their mucus penetration behaviors in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions. In this study, we have prepared a comprehensive library of amine-, carboxyl-, and PEG-modified silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with controlled surface ligand densities. Using multiple particle tracking, we have studied the mechanism responsible for the mucus penetration behaviors of these SNPs. It was found that PEG- and amine-modified SNPs exhibited pH-independent immobilization under iso-density conditions, while carboxyl-modified SNPs exhibited enhanced movement only in weakly alkaline mucus. Biophysical characterizations demonstrated that amine- and carboxyl-modified SNPs were trapped in mucus due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding with mucin. In contrast, high-density PEGylated surface formed a brush conformation that shields particle-mucin interactions. We have further investigated the surface property-dependent mucus penetration behavior using a murine airway distribution model. This study provides insights for designing efficient transmucosal nanocarriers for prevention and treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Xuehu Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Yi Y Zuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii96822, United States
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024, Dalian, China
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6
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Tollemeto M, Huang Z, Christensen JB, Mørck Nielsen H, Rønholt S. Mucoadhesive Dendrons Conjugated to Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Approach for Orally Administered Biopharmaceuticals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8798-8810. [PMID: 36749788 PMCID: PMC9951175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological drugs are increasingly important for patients and industry due to their application in the treatment of common and potentially life-threatening diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity. While most marketed biopharmaceuticals today are injectables, the potential of mucoadhesive delivery systems based on dendron-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for oral delivery of biological drugs is explored in this project. We hypothesize that specifically designed dendrons can be employed as mucoadhesive excipients and used to decorate the surface of nanoparticles with properties to embed a drug molecule. We initially tested a novel synthesis method for the preparation of dendrons, which was successfully validated by the chemical characterization of the compounds. The interaction between dendrons and mucin was studied through isothermal titration calorimetry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and proved to be spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. Dendrons were conjugated onto 244.4 nm mesoporous silica nanoparticles and characterized for chemical composition, size, and surface charge, which all showed a successful conjugation. Finally, dynamic light scattering was used to study the interaction between nanoparticles and porcine gastric mucin, whereas the interaction between nanoparticles and porcine intestinal mucus was characterized by rheological measurements. This study shows a deeper biophysical understanding of the interaction between nanoparticles and mucin or native porcine intestinal mucus, further leveraging the current understanding of how dendrons can be used as excipients to interact with mucin. This will provide knowledge for the potential development of a new generation of mucoadhesive nanoformulations for the oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tollemeto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thovaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Zheng Huang
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jørn B. Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thovaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Rønholt
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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7
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Cheng X, Xie Q, Sun Y. Advances in nanomaterial-based targeted drug delivery systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177151. [PMID: 37122851 PMCID: PMC10133513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (NBDDS) are widely used to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy of encapsulated drugs due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. By combining therapeutic drugs with nanoparticles using rational targeting pathways, nano-targeted delivery systems were created to overcome the main drawbacks of conventional drug treatment, including insufficient stability and solubility, lack of transmembrane transport, short circulation time, and undesirable toxic effects. Herein, we reviewed the recent developments in different targeting design strategies and therapeutic approaches employing various nanomaterial-based systems. We also discussed the challenges and perspectives of smart systems in precisely targeting different intravascular and extravascular diseases.
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8
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Chen M, Shou Z, Jin X, Chen Y. Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2442-2458. [PMID: 35892224 PMCID: PMC9341380 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A boom in respiratory tract infection cases has inflicted a socio-economic burden on the healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing countries. Limited alternative therapeutic options have posed a major threat to human health. Nanotechnology has brought an immense breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry in a jiffy. The vast applications of nanotechnology ranging from early diagnosis to treatment strategies are employed for respiratory tract infections. The research avenues explored a multitude of nanosystems for effective drug delivery to the target site and combating the issues laid through multidrug resistance and protective niches of the bacteria. In this review a brief introduction to respiratory diseases and multifaceted barriers imposed by bacterial infections are enlightened. The manuscript reviewed different nanosystems, i.e. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, and metallic (gold and silver) which enhanced bactericidal effects, prevented biofilm formation, improved mucus penetration, and site-specific delivery. Moreover, most of the nanotechnology-based recent research is in a preclinical and clinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Chen
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Tiantai County, Taizhou, China
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9
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Jiang K, Wen X, Pettersson T, Crouzier T. Engineering Surfaces with Immune Modulating Properties of Mucin Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39727-39735. [PMID: 36000701 PMCID: PMC9460428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels of cross-linked mucin glycoproteins (Muc-gel) have shown strong immune-modulating properties toward macrophages in vitro, which are translated in vivo by the dampening of the foreign body response to implantation in mice. Beyond mucin hydrogels, other biomaterials such as sensors, electrodes, and other long-term implants would also benefit from such immune-modulating properties. In this work, we aimed to transfer the bioactivity observed for three-dimensional Muc-gels to the surface of two model materials by immobilizing mucin into thin films (Muc-film) using covalent layer-by-layer assembly. We tested how the surface immobilization of mucins affects macrophage responses compared to Muc-gels. We showed that Muc-films on soft polyacrylamide gels mimic Muc-gel in their modulation of macrophage responses with activated gene expression of inflammatory cytokines on day 1 and then dampening them on day 3. Also, the markers of polarized macrophages, M1 and M2, were expressed at the same level for macrophages on Muc-film-coated soft polyacrylamide gels and Muc-gel. In contrast, Muc-film-coated hard polystyrene led to a different macrophage response compared to Muc-gel, having no activated expression of inflammatory cytokines and a different M1 marker expression. This suggested that the substrate mechanical properties and mucin molecular configuration determined by substrate-mucin interactions affect mucin immune-modulating properties. We conclude that mucin immune-modulating properties can be transferred to materials by mucin surface immobilization but will be dependent on the substrate chemical and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- AIMES
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering
Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Xueyu Wen
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Division
of Fibre Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School
of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Division
of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
- AIMES
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering
Sciences at Karolinska Institutet and KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
- Department
of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
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10
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Fröhlich E. Non-Cellular Layers of the Respiratory Tract: Protection against Pathogens and Target for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050992. [PMID: 35631578 PMCID: PMC9143813 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barriers separate the human body from the environment to maintain homeostasis. Compared to the skin and gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory barrier is the thinnest and least protective. The properties of the epithelial cells (height, number of layers, intercellular junctions) and non-cellular layers, mucus in the conducting airways and surfactant in the respiratory parts determine the permeability of the barrier. The review focuses on the non-cellular layers and describes the architecture of the mucus and surfactant followed by interaction with gases and pathogens. While the penetration of gases into the respiratory tract is mainly determined by their hydrophobicity, pathogens use different mechanisms to invade the respiratory tract. Often, the combination of mucus adhesion and subsequent permeation of the mucus mesh is used. Similar mechanisms are also employed to improve drug delivery across the respiratory barrier. Depending on the payload and target region, various mucus-targeting delivery systems have been developed. It appears that the mucus-targeting strategy has to be selected according to the planned application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; ; Tel.: +43-316-38573011
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Yang F, Cabe M, Nowak HA, Langert KA. Chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid Nanoparticle Formulations with Finely-Tuned Size Distributions for Enhanced Mucoadhesion. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:95. [PMID: 35056991 PMCID: PMC8778482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-parenteral drug delivery systems using biomaterials have advantages over traditional parenteral strategies. For ocular and intranasal delivery, nanoparticulate systems must bind to and permeate through mucosal epithelium and other biological barriers. The incorporation of mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing biomaterials such as chitosan facilitate this, but tend to increase the size and polydispersity of the nanoparticles, making practical optimization and implementation of mucoadhesive nanoparticle formulations a challenge. In this study, we adjusted key poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticle formulation parameters including the organic solvent and co-solvent, the concentration of polymer in the organic phase, the composition of the aqueous phase, the sonication amplitude, and the inclusion of chitosan in the aqueous phase. By doing so, we prepared four statistically unique size groups of PLGA NPs and equally-sized chitosan-PLGA NP counterparts. We loaded simvastatin, a candidate for novel ocular and intranasal delivery systems, into the nanoparticles to investigate the effects of size and surface modification on drug loading and release, and we quantified size- and surface-dependent changes in mucoadhesion in vitro. These methods and findings will contribute to the advancement of mucoadhesive nanoformulations for ocular and nose-to-brain drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - Maleen Cabe
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - Hope A Nowak
- Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
| | - Kelly A Langert
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
- Research Service, Edward Hines, Jr., VA Hospital, Hines, IL 60141, USA
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12
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Wright L, Joyce P, Barnes TJ, Prestidge CA. Mimicking the Gastrointestinal Mucus Barrier: Laboratory-Based Approaches to Facilitate an Enhanced Understanding of Mucus Permeation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34784462 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucus layer plays a significant role in maintaining gut homeostasis and health, offering protective capacities against the absorption of harmful pathogens as well as commensal gut bacteria and buffering stomach acid to protect the underlying epithelium. Despite this, the mucus barrier is often overlooked during preclinical pharmaceutical development and may pose a significant absorption barrier to high molecular weight or lipophilic drug species. The complex chemical and physical nature of the dynamic mucus layer has proven problematic to reliably replicate in a laboratory setting, leading to the development of multiple mucus models with varying complexity and predictive capacity. This, coupled with the wide range of analysis methods available, has led to a plethora of possible approaches to quantifying mucus permeation; however, the field remains significantly under-represented in biomedical research. For this reason, the development of a concise collation of the available approaches to mucus permeation is essential. In this review, we explore widely utilized mucus mimics ranging in complexity from simple mucin solutions to native mucus preparations for their predictive capacity in mucus permeation analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse range of laboratory-based models available for the analysis of mucus interaction and permeability with a specific focus on in vitro, ex vivo, and in situ models. Finally, we highlight the predictive capacity of these models in correlation with in vivo pharmacokinetic data. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the available technologies to analyze mucus permeation, facilitating the efficient selection of appropriate tools for further advancement in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wright
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
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Marczynski M, Kimna C, Lieleg O. Purified mucins in drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113845. [PMID: 34166760 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges in the field of drug delivery remains the development of strategies to efficiently transport pharmaceuticals across mucus barriers, which regulate the passage and retention of molecules and particles in all luminal spaces of the body. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms, which govern such selective permeability, is key for achieving efficient translocation of drugs and drug carriers. For this purpose, model systems based on purified mucins can contribute valuable information. In this review, we summarize advances that were made in the field of drug delivery research with such mucin-based model systems: First, we give an overview of mucin purification procedures and discuss the suitability of model systems reconstituted from purified mucins to mimic native mucus. Then, we summarize techniques to study mucin binding. Finally, we highlight approaches that made use of mucins as building blocks for drug delivery platforms or employ mucins as active compounds.
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Watchorn J, Burns D, Stuart S, Gu FX. Investigating the Molecular Mechanism of Protein-Polymer Binding with Direct Saturation Compensated Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:67-76. [PMID: 34647719 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a new technique, direct saturation compensated transfer (DISCO) NMR, to characterize protein-macromolecule interactions. DISCO enables the direct observation of intermolecular interactions and is used to investigate mucoadhesion, a type of polymer-protein interaction that is widely implemented in drug delivery but remains poorly understood. In a model system of bovine submaxillary mucin and poly(acrylic acid), DISCO identifies selective backbone interactions that facilitate mucoadhesion through chain interpenetration. DISCO demonstrated distinct patterns of molecular selectivity between mucoadhesive polymers when applied to hydroxypropyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose and that functionalizing adhesive polymers with strongly interacting moieties may be detrimental to the overall adhesive interaction. Additionally, DISCO was used to estimate polymer-protein dissociation constants using individual proton signals as reporters. Overall, DISCO can be used as a label-free screening tool to generate polymer-specific binding fingerprints to map and quantify interactions between macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Watchorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Darcy Burns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Samantha Stuart
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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15
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Du X, Gao N, Song X. Bioadhesive polymer/lipid hybrid nanoparticles as oral delivery system of raloxifene with enhancive intestinal retention and bioavailability. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:252-260. [PMID: 33501870 PMCID: PMC7850345 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1872742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene (RLX) is a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator used to treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. RLX fails to be developed into injectable dosage forms due to poor solubility. Although oral formulations are clinically available, the lower bioavailability (<2%) embarrasses the pharmaceutists. This work reported a bioadhesive nanosystem intended for oral delivery of RLX to enhance its oral bioavailability and address the formulation challenge. The bioadhesive nanosystem refers to polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles made up of Carbopol 940, glyceryl distearate, and TGPS. RLX was solidly encapsulated into bioadhesive nanoparticles (bNPs) through a nanoprecipitation technique along with synchronous desalting of RLX·HCl. The resultant RLX-loaded bNPs (RLX-bNPs) were characterized by particle size, ζ potential, morphology, and entrapment efficiency. The in vitro release and in vivo oral bioavailability of RLX-bNPs in rats were comparatively investigated with RLX-loaded common lipid nanoparticles (RLX-cNPs). The preferred formulation possesses a particle size of 150 nm around with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.282. RLX-bNPs exhibited slower drug release than RLX-cNPs owing to the presence of an adhesive layer. After oral administration, RLX-bNPs resulted in significant enhancement in the bioavailability of RLX, up to 556.9% relative to RLX suspensions, while it was merely 244.7% for RLX-cNPs. Cellular testing and ex vivo transport imaging demonstrated that bNPs were endowed with excellent intestinal epithelial affinity and absorbability. Our study affords an alternative option for designing a suitable oral delivery system specific to amphiphobic drugs like RLX·HCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Du
- Out-patient Department, Huaihe Hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, People's Hospital of Jinming District, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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16
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Huang Z, Kłodzińska SN, Wan F, Nielsen HM. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: state of the art towards efficient treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract bacterial infections. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1634-1654. [PMID: 33694082 PMCID: PMC7945609 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recalcitrant respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria have emerged as one of the greatest health challenges worldwide. Aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to combat such infections, as it allows targeted delivery of high drug concentrations to the infected organ while limiting systemic exposure. However, successful aerosolized antimicrobial therapy is still challenged by the diverse biological barriers in infected lungs. Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery is gaining increasing attention as a means to overcome the biological barriers and accomplish site-specific drug delivery by controlling release of the loaded drug(s) at the target site. With the aim to summarize emerging efforts in combating respiratory tract infections by using nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary delivery strategies, this review provides a brief introduction to the bacterial infection-related pulmonary diseases and the biological barriers for effective treatment of recalcitrant respiratory tract infections. This is followed by a summary of recent advances in design of inhalable nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems that overcome the biological barriers and increase drug bioavailability. Finally, challenges for the translation from exploratory laboratory research to clinical application are also discussed and potential solutions proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Huang
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sylvia Natalie Kłodzińska
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Chen D, Liu J, Wu J, Suk JS. Enhancing nanoparticle penetration through airway mucus to improve drug delivery efficacy in the lung. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:595-606. [PMID: 33218265 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1854222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Airway mucus gel layer serves as a key delivery barrier that limits the performance of inhaled drug delivery nanoparticles. Conventional nanoparticles are readily trapped by the airway mucus and rapidly cleared from the lung via mucus clearance mechanisms. These nanoparticles cannot distribute throughout the lung airways, long-reside in the lung and/or reach the airway epithelium. To address this challenge, strategies to enhance particle penetration through the airway mucus have been developed and proof-of-concept has been established using mucus model systems..Areas covered: In this review, we first overview the biochemical and biophysical characteristics that render the airway mucus a challenging delivery barrier. We then introduce strategies to improve particle penetration through the airway mucus. Specifically, we walk through two classes of approaches, including modification of physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and modulation of barrier properties of airway mucus.Expert opinion: State-of-the-art strategies to overcome the airway mucus barrier have been introduced and experimentally validated. However, data should be interpreted in the comprehensive context of therapeutic delivery from the site of administration to the final destination to determine clinically-relevant approaches. Further, safety should be carefully monitored, particularly when it comes to mucus-altering strategies that may perturb physiological functions of airway mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiqin Chen
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jinhao Liu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jerry Wu
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- The Center for Nanomedicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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