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Yin R, Wan P, Guo Z, Yi X, Zhang P, Shen W, Chen L, Xiao C, Chen X. Enzyme-Responsive Oncolytic Polypeptide for Tumor Therapy. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00227-7. [PMID: 38704115 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Host defense peptide-mimicking cationic oncolytic polymers have attracted increasing attention for cancer treatment in recent years. However, polymers with large amounts of positive charge may cause rapid clearance and severe off-target toxicity. To facilitate in vivo application, an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-responsive oncolytic polypeptide precursor (C12-PLL/PA) has been reported in this work. C12-PLL/PA could be hydrolyzed into the active form of the oncolytic polypeptide (C12-PLL) by the extracellular alkaline phosphatase within solid tumors, thereby resulting in the conversion of the negative charge to positive charge and restoring its membrane-lytic activity. Detailed mechanistic studies showed that C12-PLL/PA could effectively destroy cancer cell membranes and subsequently result in rapid necrosis of cancer cells. More importantly, C12-PLL/PA significantly inhibited the tumor growth in the 4T1 orthotopic breast tumor model with negligible side effects. In summary, these findings demonstrated that the shielding of the amino groups with phosphate groups represents a secure and effective strategy to develop cationic oncolytic polypeptide, which represents a valuable reference for the design of enzyme-activated oncolytic polymers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, there has been a growing interest in fabricating host defense peptide-mimicking cationic oncolytic polymers for cancer therapy. However, there remain concerns about the tumor selectivity and off-target toxicity of these cationic polymers. In this study, an alkaline phosphatase-responsive oncolytic polypeptide precursor (C12-PLL/PA) has been developed to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that C12-PLL/PA effectively disrupted cancer cell membranes, leading to rapid necrosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed promising anticancer activity and reliable safety of C12-PLL/PA. The findings suggest that this synthetic enzyme-responsive polypeptide holds potential as a tumor-specific oncolytic polymer, paving the way for future applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Penqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P. R. China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, P. R. China.
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2
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Youssef S, Tsang E, Samanta A, Kumar V, Gothelf KV. Reversible Protection and Targeted Delivery of DNA Origami with a Disulfide-Containing Cationic Polymer. Small 2024; 20:e2301058. [PMID: 37916910 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures have considerable biomedical potential as intracellular delivery vehicles as they are highly homogeneous and can be functionalized with high spatial resolution. However, challenges like instability under physiological conditions, limited cellular uptake, and lysosomal degradation limit their use. This paper presents a bio-reducible, cationic polymer poly(cystaminebisacrylamide-1,6-diaminohexane) (PCD) as a reversible DNA origami protector. PCD displays a stronger DNA affinity than other cationic polymers. DNA nanostructures with PCD protection are shielded from low salt conditions and DNase I degradation and show a 40-fold increase in cell-association when linked to targeting antibodies. Confocal microscopy reveals a potential secondary cell uptake mechanism, directly delivering the nanostructures to the cytoplasm. Additionally, PCD can be removed by cleaving its backbone disulfides using the intracellular reductant, glutathione. Finally, the application of these constructs is demonstrated for targeted delivery of a cytotoxic agent to cancer cells, which efficiently decreases their viability. The PCD protective agent that is reported here is a simple and efficient method for the stabilization of DNA origami structures. With the ability to deprotect the DNA nanostructures upon entry of the intracellular space, the possibility for the use of DNA origami in pharmaceutical applications is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Youssef
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Emily Tsang
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Anirban Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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3
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Wang X, Yuan K, Su Y, Li X, Meng L, Zhao N, Hu Y, Duan F, Xu FJ. Tuning Blood-Material Interactions to Generate Versatile Hemostatic Powders and Gels. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301945. [PMID: 37897223 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-based hemostatic materials/devices have been increasingly exploited for versatile clinical scenarios, while there is an urgent need to reveal the rational design/facile approach for procoagulant surfaces through regulating blood-material interactions. In this work, degradable powders (PLPS) and thermoresponsive gels (F127-PLPS) are readily developed as promising hemostatic materials for versatile clinical applications, through tuning blood-material interactions with optimized grafting of cationic polylysine: the former is facilely prepared by conjugating polylysine onto porous starch particle, while F127-PLPS is prepared by the simple mixture of PLPS and commercial thermosensitive polymer. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that PLPS2 with the optimal-/medium content of polylysine grafts achieve the superior hemostatic performance. The underlying procoagulant mechanism of PLPS2 surface is revealed as the selective fibrinogen adsorption among the competitive plasma-protein-adsorption process, which is the foundation of other blood-material interactions. Moreover, in vitro results confirm the achieved procoagulant surface of F127-PLPS through optimal PLPS2 loading. Together with the tunable thermoresponsiveness, F127-PLPS exhibits outstanding hemostatic utilization in both femoral-artery-injury and renal-artery-embolization models. The work thereby pioneers an appealing approach for generating versatile polymer-based hemostatic materials/devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Limin Meng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Nana Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Feng Duan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education), Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Material, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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4
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Hancock SN, Yuntawattana N, Diep E, Maity A, Tran A, Schiffman JD, Michaudel Q. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization of N-methylpyridinium-fused norbornenes to access antibacterial main-chain cationic polymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311396120. [PMID: 38079554 PMCID: PMC10742381 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311396120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been identified as a promising type of antibacterial molecules, whose bioactivity can be tuned through structural modulation. Recent studies suggest that the placement of the cationic groups close to the core of the polymeric architecture rather than on appended side chains might improve both their bioactivity and selectivity for bacterial cells over mammalian cells. However, antibacterial main-chain cationic polymers are typically synthesized via polycondensations, which do not afford precise and uniform molecular design. Therefore, accessing main-chain cationic polymers with high degrees of molecular tunability hinges upon the development of controlled polymerizations tolerating cationic motifs (or cation progenitors) near the propagating species. Herein, we report the synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of N-methylpyridinium-fused norbornene monomers. The identification of reaction conditions leading to a well-controlled ROMP enabled structural diversification of the main-chain cationic polymers and a study of their bioactivity. This family of polyelectrolytes was found to be active against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations as low as 25 µg/mL. Additionally, the molar mass of the polymers was found to impact their hemolytic activity with cationic polymers of smaller degrees of polymerization showing increased selectivity for bacteria over human red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N. Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | | | - Emily Diep
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003
| | - Arunava Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - An Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
| | - Jessica D. Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843
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5
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Chiloeches A, Zágora J, Plachá D, Torres MDT, de la Fuente-Nunez C, López-Fabal F, Gil-Romero Y, Fernández-García R, Fernández-García M, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A. Synergistic Combination of Antimicrobial Peptides and Cationic Polyitaconates in Multifunctional PLA Fibers. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:4805-4813. [PMID: 37862451 PMCID: PMC10852355 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Combining different antimicrobial agents has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance efficacy and address resistance evolution. In this study, we investigated the synergistic antimicrobial effect of a cationic biobased polymer and the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) temporin L, with the goal of developing multifunctional electrospun fibers for potential biomedical applications, particularly in wound dressing. A clickable polymer with pendent alkyne groups was synthesized by using a biobased itaconic acid building block. Subsequently, the polymer was functionalized through click chemistry with thiazolium groups derived from vitamin B1 (PTTIQ), as well as a combination of thiazolium and AMP temporin L, resulting in a conjugate polymer-peptide (PTTIQ-AMP). The individual and combined effects of the cationic PTTIQ, Temporin L, and PTTIQ-AMP were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida species. The results demonstrated that most combinations exhibited an indifferent effect, whereas the covalently conjugated PTTIQ-AMP displayed an antagonistic effect, potentially attributed to the aggregation process. Both antimicrobial compounds, PTTIQ and temporin L, were incorporated into poly(lactic acid) electrospun fibers using the supercritical solvent impregnation method. This approach yielded fibers with improved antibacterial performance, as a result of the potent activity exerted by the AMP and the nonleaching nature of the cationic polymer, thereby enhancing long-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Chiloeches
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Universidad
Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/Bravo Murillo 38, Madrid 28015, Spain
| | - Jakub Zágora
- Nanotechnology
Centre, CEET, VSB—Technical University
of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Plachá
- Nanotechnology
Centre, CEET, VSB—Technical University
of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava-Poruba 708 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marcelo D. T. Torres
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute
for Computational Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine
Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute
for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and
Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School
of Engineering and Applied Science, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute
for Computational Science, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Fátima López-Fabal
- Hospital
Universitario de Móstoles C/Dr. Luis Montes, s/n, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad
de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad
Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gil-Romero
- Hospital
Universitario de Móstoles C/Dr. Luis Montes, s/n, Móstoles 28935, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain
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6
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Wang L, Zhong W, Liu B, Pranantyo D, Chan-Park MB. Cationic Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Polymers as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents by the Synergetic Activity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:41772-41782. [PMID: 37609827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs), a class of organometallic compounds, exert antibacterial activities through the delivery of carbon monoxide (CO) molecules. We developed a new-class CO-delivery system by conjugating classical low-molecular-weight CORMs (i.e., [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 and Mn(CO)5Br) onto a positively charged carrier, polyimidazolium (PIM), giving cationic CO-releasing polymers Ru@PIM and Mn@PIM, respectively. Compared with low-molecular-weight CORMs, our polymeric CO vehicles showed improved water solubility, reduced cytotoxicity, significantly extended CO-releasing duration, and enhanced antimicrobial ability against both planktonic and biofilm microorganisms. Ru@PIM and Mn@PIM inhibited the growth of a broad spectrum of free Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungus with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at 8 μg/mL. They were effective in preventing pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation with biofilm reduction by more than 92% at 16 μg/mL and 99% at 32 μg/mL. They also demonstrated potent dispersal efficacy on recalcitrant well-established biofilms through a synergetic activity with a biofilm log10 reduction of 2.5-3.2 ≥ 64 μg/mL and nearly 2.0 at the concentration of as low as 16 μg/mL. This CO-releasing system may retain long-time antimicrobial ability after the complete release of CO molecules owing to the cationic structure. The novel CO-releasing polymers have great potential as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Wenbin Zhong
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Bo Liu
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- Centre for Antimicrobial Bioengineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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7
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Lin C, Ma Z, Gao Y, Le M, Shi Z, Qi D, Ma JC, Cui ZK, Wang L, Jia YG. Main-Chain Cationic Bile Acid Polymers Mimicking Facially Amphiphilic Antimicrobial Peptides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37400427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have led to an increased demand for antibacterial agents that do not contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with the facially amphiphilic structures have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness, including the ability to suppress antibiotic resistance during bacterial treatment. Herein, inspired by the facially amphiphilic structure of AMPs, the facially amphiphilic skeletons of bile acids (BAs) are utilized as building blocks to create a main-chain cationic bile acid polymer (MCBAP) with macromolecular facial amphiphilicity via polycondensation and a subsequent quaternization. The optimal MCBAP displays an effective activity against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, fast killing efficacy, superior bactericidal stability in vitro, and potent anti-infectious performance in vivo using the MRSA-infected wound model. MCBAP shows the low possibility to develop drug-resistant bacteria after repeated exposure, which may ascribe to the macromolecular facial amphiphilicity promoting bacterial membrane disruption and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The easy synthesis and low cost of MCBAP, the superior antimicrobial performance, and the therapeutic potential in treating MRSA infection altogether demonstrate that BAs are a promising group of building blocks to mimic the facially amphiphilic structure of AMPs in treating MRSA infection and alleviating antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zunwei Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengqi Le
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Qi
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Jian-Chao Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-Guang Jia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education; Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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He X, Wu H, Wang Y, Xiang Y, Zhang K, Rao X, Kang ET, Xu L. Bimodal Antimicrobial Surfaces of Phytic Acid-Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-Cationic Polymer Networks. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300354. [PMID: 37026671 PMCID: PMC10238204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification plays a pivotal role in tailoring the functionalities of a solid material. Introduction of antimicrobial function on material surfaces can provide additional protection against life-threatening bacterial infections. Herein, a simple and universal surface modification method based on surface adhesion and electrostatic interaction of phytic acid (PA) is developed. PA is first functionalized with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) via metal chelation and then conjugates with cationic polymers (CPs) through electrostatic interaction. With the aid of surface adherent PA and gravitation effect, the as-formed PA-PB-CP network aggregates are deposited on the solid materials in a substrate-independent manner. Synergistic bactericidal effects of "contact-killing" induced by the CPs and localized photothermal effect caused by the PB NPs endow the substrates with strong antibacterial performance. Membrane integrity, enzymatic activity, and metabolism function of the bacteria are disturbed in contact with the PA-PB-CP coating under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The PA-PB-CP modified biomedical implant surfaces exhibit good biocompatibility and synergistic antibacterial effect under NIR irradiation, and eliminate the adhered bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - HuaJun Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Xi Rao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - En-Tang Kang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, 117576, Singapore
| | - Liqun Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Optoelectronic Functional Materials of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, 571158, P. R. China
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9
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Cai X, Dou R, Guo C, Tang J, Li X, Chen J, Zhang J. Cationic Polymers as Transfection Reagents for Nucleic Acid Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051502. [PMID: 37242744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapy can achieve lasting and even curative effects through gene augmentation, gene suppression, and genome editing. However, it is difficult for naked nucleic acid molecules to enter cells. As a result, the key to nucleic acid therapy is the introduction of nucleic acid molecules into cells. Cationic polymers are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems with positively charged groups on their molecules that concentrate nucleic acid molecules to form nanoparticles, which help nucleic acids cross barriers to express proteins in cells or inhibit target gene expression. Cationic polymers are easy to synthesize, modify, and structurally control, making them a promising class of nucleic acid delivery systems. In this manuscript, we describe several representative cationic polymers, especially biodegradable cationic polymers, and provide an outlook on cationic polymers as nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaruo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiajuan Li
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Tollemeto M, Huang Z, Christensen JB, Mørck Nielsen H, Rønholt S. Mucoadhesive Dendrons Conjugated to Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Drug Delivery Approach for Orally Administered Biopharmaceuticals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:8798-8810. [PMID: 36749788 PMCID: PMC9951175 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological drugs are increasingly important for patients and industry due to their application in the treatment of common and potentially life-threatening diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and obesity. While most marketed biopharmaceuticals today are injectables, the potential of mucoadhesive delivery systems based on dendron-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles for oral delivery of biological drugs is explored in this project. We hypothesize that specifically designed dendrons can be employed as mucoadhesive excipients and used to decorate the surface of nanoparticles with properties to embed a drug molecule. We initially tested a novel synthesis method for the preparation of dendrons, which was successfully validated by the chemical characterization of the compounds. The interaction between dendrons and mucin was studied through isothermal titration calorimetry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and proved to be spontaneous and thermodynamically favorable. Dendrons were conjugated onto 244.4 nm mesoporous silica nanoparticles and characterized for chemical composition, size, and surface charge, which all showed a successful conjugation. Finally, dynamic light scattering was used to study the interaction between nanoparticles and porcine gastric mucin, whereas the interaction between nanoparticles and porcine intestinal mucus was characterized by rheological measurements. This study shows a deeper biophysical understanding of the interaction between nanoparticles and mucin or native porcine intestinal mucus, further leveraging the current understanding of how dendrons can be used as excipients to interact with mucin. This will provide knowledge for the potential development of a new generation of mucoadhesive nanoformulations for the oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tollemeto
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thovaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Zheng Huang
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jørn B. Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thovaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Stine Rønholt
- Center
for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery),
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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11
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Amer Cid Í, Van Daele L, Dubruel P, Neyts K, Strubbe F. Single-particle electrophoresis for studying the adsorption of cationic polymers onto anionic particles. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:417-430. [PMID: 36412554 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the adsorption of polymers onto particles is crucial for many technological and biomedical applications. Even though polymer adsorption on particles is a dynamic process, most experimental techniques can only study the adsorption indirectly, in equilibrium and on the ensemble level. New analysis methods are required to overcome these limitations. We investigated the use of single-particle electrophoresis to study the adsorption kinetics of cationic polymers onto anionic particles and compared the resulting data to a theoretical model. In this approach, the electrophoretic mobility of single polystyrene (PS) particles, exposed to different concentrations of poly(2-guanidinoethyl methacrylate), was measured as a function of time. The polymer adsorption leads to an electrophoretic mobility change of the PS particle over time, from the initial negative value to a positive value at equilibrium. By fitting the kinetics data to the Langmuir model, the adsorption rate, desorption rate and equilibrium constant were determined. Finally, the adsorption kinetics of several other polymers was investigated. This showed that the presented technique enables direct analysis and comparison of the kinetics of polymer adsorption on the single-particle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Íngrid Amer Cid
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lenny Van Daele
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials (PBM) research group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Neyts
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Strubbe
- Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Fan D, Liu X, Ren Y, Bai S, Li Y, Luo Z, Dong J, Chen F, Zeng W. Functional insights to the development of bioactive material for combating bacterial infections. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1186637. [PMID: 37152653 PMCID: PMC10160456 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1186637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" poses a serious threat to human health. Nanomaterials and cationic polymers have shown unprecedented advantages as effective antimicrobial therapies due to their flexibility and ability to interact with biological macromolecules. They can incorporate a variety of antimicrobial substances, achieving multifunctional effects without easily developing drug resistance. Herein, this article discusses recent advances in cationic polymers and nano-antibacterial materials, including material options, fabrication techniques, structural characteristics, and activity performance, with a focus on their fundamental active elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duoyang Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yueming Ren
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Shuaige Bai
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziheng Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Chen, ; Wenbin Zeng,
| | - Wenbin Zeng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Chen, ; Wenbin Zeng,
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13
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McCartin C, Blumberger J, Dussouillez C, Fernandez de Larrinoa P, Dontenwill M, Herold-Mende C, Lavalle P, Heurtault B, Bellemin-Laponnaz S, Fournel S, Kichler A. Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Cationic Polymers on Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14. [PMID: 36662064 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers such as polyethylenimine (PEI) have found a pervasive place in laboratories across the world as gene delivery agents. However, their applications are not limited to this role, having found a place as delivery agents for drugs, in complexes known as polymer-drug conjugates (PDCs). Yet a potentially underexplored domain of research is in their inherent potential as anti-cancer therapeutic agents, which has been indicated by several studies. Even more interesting is the recent observation that certain polycations may present a significantly greater toxicity towards the clinically important cancer stem cell (CSC) niche than towards more differentiated bulk tumour cells. These cells, which possess the stem-like characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, are highly implicated in cancer drug resistance, tumour recurrence and poor clinical prognosis. The search for compounds which may target and eliminate these cells is thus of great research interest. As such, the observation in our previous study on a PEI-based PDC which showed a considerably higher toxicity of PEI towards glioblastoma CSCs (GSCs) than on more differentiated glioma (U87) cells led us to investigate other cationic polymers for a similar effect. The evaluation of the toxicity of a range of different types of polycations, and an investigation into the potential source of GSC's sensitivity to such compounds is thus described.
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14
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Terteci-Popescu AE, Beu TA. Branched polyethyleneimine: CHARMM force field and molecular dynamics simulations. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:2072-2083. [PMID: 36169240 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI), one of the non-viral vectors of great interest for gene delivery, was investigated at all-atom level, with particular emphasis on its branched form. We report the extension of our previously published CHARMM force field (FF) for linear PEI, with parameters optimized specifically for branched configurations. A new residue type for the branch connector is introduced and the charges and bonded parameters are derived from ab initio calculations based on a model polymer. The new FF is validated by extensive molecular dynamics simulations of solvated branched PEIs of various protonation fractions and branch lengths. The gyration radii, end-to-end distances, and diffusion coefficients are compared with results for linear PEIs of similar molecular weights and protonation patterns. Solvated complexes of DNA with (linear/branched) PEI were also investigated to determine favorable attachment conformations. The parametrized atomistic force field is suitable for simulations of PEI with arbitrary branching pattern, protonation, and size, and is expected to provide relevant insights regarding optimal conditions for DNA-PEI complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Titus Adrian Beu
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, University Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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15
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Garcia Maset R, Hapeshi A, Hall S, Dalgliesh RM, Harrison F, Perrier S. Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity in Host-Mimicking Media and In Vivo Toxicity of Antimicrobial Polymers as Functional Mimics of AMPs. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:32855-32868. [PMID: 35819416 PMCID: PMC9335526 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Activity tests for synthetic antimicrobial compounds are often limited to the minimal inhibitory concentration assay using standard media and bacterial strains. In this study, a family of acrylamide copolymers that act as synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides were synthesized and shown to have a disruptive effect on bacterial membranes and structural integrity through microscopy techniques and membrane polarization experiments. The polymers were tested for their antimicrobial properties using media that mimic clinically relevant conditions. Additionally, their activity was compared in two different strains of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We showed that the medium composition can have an important influence on the polymer activity as there was a considerable reduction in minimal inhibitory concentrations against S. aureus grown in synthetic wound fluid (SWF), and against P. aeruginosa grown in synthetic cystic fibrosis sputum media (SCFM), compared to the concentrations in standard testing media. In contrast, we observed a complete loss of activity against P. aeruginosa in the serum-containing SWF. Finally, we made use of an emerging invertebrate in vivo model, using Galleria mellonella larvae, to assess toxicity of the polymeric antimicrobials, showing a good correlation with cell line toxicity measurements and demonstrating its potential in the evaluation of novel antimicrobial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexia Hapeshi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Stephen Hall
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Robert M. Dalgliesh
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton
Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Freya Harrison
- School
of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick
Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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16
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Farahpour A, Ramezanian N, Gholami L, Askarian S, Banisadr A, Kazemi Oskuee R. Synthesis and characterization of polyethyleneimine-terminated poly( β-amino esters) conjugated with pullulan for gene delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:606-614. [PMID: 35766268 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2096069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers endowed with a flexible system for condensing DNA, are regarded as effective materials for gene delivery. The synthesis of poly(β-amino esters) (pBAEs) based on 1,4-butanediol diacrylate-ethanolamine monomer (1.2:1 molar ratio) and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate-ethylene diamine (1:2 molar ratio) were carried out and modification with 1800 Da polyethyleneimine (PEI) at different weight ratios (3 and 1) as well as conjugation with pullulan in various weight ratios of (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 1) performed. Gel-retardation assay demonstrated that the synthesized polymers were able to condense DNA at low carrier/plasmid (C/P) ratios. The polyplexes with ratio 3 of PEI (pβ1/PEI3) were restricted in all C/P ratios and the polyplexes of pβ1/PEI3/pull0.125 were condensed at C/P ratios higher than 0.5. The particle size at C/P were approximately about 200 nm with a positive surface charge. The presence of the pullulan in the structure of the synthesized pBAEs could be effective in reducing toxicity of the base polymer. Highest metabolic activity dedicated to C/P2 of pβ2/PEI3/pull0.125 with 80.6 percent viability. Furthermore, the most efficient gene reporter delivery was seen at C/P ratio of 6 in pβ2/PEI3/pull0.125 nanoparticles. Therefore, pullulan grafting could enhance the cellular response of cells in terms of cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Farahpour
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Navid Ramezanian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Askarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Arsham Banisadr
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Xiang W, Clemenza P, Klousnitzer J, Chen J, Qin W, Tristram-Nagle S, Doi Y, Di YP, Deslouches B. Rational Framework for the Design of Trp- and Arg-Rich Peptide Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889791. [PMID: 35694289 PMCID: PMC9186412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of antibiotic resistance warrants the discovery of agents with novel antimicrobial mechanisms. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) directly disrupting bacterial membranes may overcome resistance to traditional antibiotics. AMP development for clinical use has been mostly limited to topical application to date. We developed a rational framework for systematically addressing this challenge using libraries composed of 86 novel Trp- and Arg-rich engineered peptides tested against clinical strains of the most common multidrug-resistant bacteria known as ESKAPE pathogens. Structure-function correlations revealed minimum lengths (as low as 16 residues) and Trp positioning for maximum antibacterial potency with mean minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2–4 μM and corresponding negligible toxicity to mammalian cells. Twelve peptides were selected based on broad-spectrum activity against both gram-negative and -positive bacteria and <25% toxicity to mammalian cells at maximum test concentrations. Most of the selected PAX remained active against the colistin-resistant clinical strains. Of the selected peptides, the shortest (the 16-residue E35) was further investigated for antibacterial mechanism and proof-of-concept in vivo efficacy. E35 killed an extensively-resistant isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA239 from the CDC, also resistant to colistin) by irreversibly disrupting the cell membranes as shown by propidium iodide incorporation, using flow cytometry and live cell imaging. As proof of concept, in vivo toxicity studies showed that mice tolerated a systemic dose of up to 30 mg/kg peptide and were protected with a single 5 mg/kg intravenous (IV) dose against an otherwise lethal intraperitoneal injection of PA239. Efficacy was also demonstrated in an immune-compromised Klebsiella pneumoniae infection model using a daily dose of 4mg/kg E35 systemically for 2 days. This framework defines the determinants of efficacy of helical AMPs composed of only cationic and hydrophobic amino acids and provides a path for a potential departure from the restriction to topical use of AMPs toward systemic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Xiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patrice Clemenza
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jessie Klousnitzer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jespar Chen
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Weiheng Qin
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephanie Tristram-Nagle
- Biological Physics Group, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Y Peter Di
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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18
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Chrysostomou V, Katifelis H, Gazouli M, Dimas K, Demetzos C, Pispas S. Hydrophilic Random Cationic Copolymers as Polyplex-Formation Vectors for DNA. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:2650. [PMID: 35407982 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research on the improvement and fabrication of polymeric systems as non-viral gene delivery carriers is required for their implementation in gene therapy. Random copolymers have not been extensively utilized for these purposes. In this regard, double hydrophilic poly[(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-co-(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate] [P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA)] random copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The copolymers were further modified by quaternization of DMAEMA tertiary amine, producing the cationic P(QDMAEMA-co-OEGMA) derivatives. Fluorescence and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy revealed the efficient interaction of copolymers aggregates with linear DNAs of different lengths, forming polyplexes, with the quaternized copolymer aggregates exhibiting stronger binding affinity. Light scattering techniques evidenced the formation of polyplexes whose size, molar mass, and surface charge strongly depend on the N/P ratio (nitrogen (N) of the amine group of DMAEMA/QDMAEMA over phosphate (P) groups of DNA), DNA length, and length of the OEGMA chain. Polyplexes presented colloidal stability under physiological ionic strength as shown by dynamic light scattering. In vitro cytotoxicity of the empty nanocarriers was evaluated on HEK293 as a control cell line. P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA) copolymer aggregates were further assessed for their biocompatibility on 4T1, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D breast cancer cell lines presenting high cell viability rates.
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19
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Rahman L, Asif S, Ullaha A, Khan WS, Rehman A. Biofunctionalized nano-antimicrobials - progress, prospects and challenges. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 22:1046-1067. [PMID: 34961445 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666211227151743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant bacterial strains clearly highlights the need for the development of new antimicrobial compounds/materials to address associated healthcare challenges. Meanwhile, the adverse side effects of conventional antibiotics on human health urge the development of new natural product-based antimicrobials to minimize the side effects. In this respect, we concisely review the recent scientific contributions to develop natural product-based nano-antibiotics. The focus of the review is on the use of flavonoids, peptides, and cationic biopolymer functionalized metal/metal oxide nanoparticles as efficient tools to hit the MDR bacterial strains. It summarizes the most recent aspects of the functionalized nanoparticles against various pathogenic bacterial strains with respect to their minimal inhibitory concentrations and mechanism of action at the cellular and molecular levels. At the end, the future perspectives to materialize the in vivo applications of nano-antimicrobials are suggested on the basis of the available research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfur Rahman
- Nanobiotechnology group, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sabahat Asif
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), DHA, Lahore Cantt-54792, Pakistan
| | - Ata Ullaha
- Nanobiotechnology group, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waheed S Khan
- Nanobiotechnology group, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asma Rehman
- Nanobiotechnology group, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
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20
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Ertem SP, Coughlin EB. Alkaline Stability Evaluation of Polymerizable Hexyl-Tethered Ammonium Cations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100610. [PMID: 34821432 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the important challenges in designing robust alkaline anion exchange membranes is the difficulty associated with the chemical stability of covalently bound cationic units. Here, a systematic study exploring alkaline stabilities of polymerizable hexyltrimethylammonium cations is presented, where the hexyl chain is linked to a phenyl ring through a direct carbon-carbon, phenyl ether, or benzyl ether functionality. For this work, small molecule model compounds, styrenic monomer analogs, and their homopolymers are synthesized. Alkaline stabilities of the small molecule cations and their homopolymers are compared to alkaline stability of benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) cation and its homopolymer poly(BTMA), respectively. All the hexyl-tethered cations and their homopolymers are significantly more stable under strongly alkaline conditions (2 m KOD at 80 °C). Moreover, ether-linked cations show comparable stability to the direct carbon-carbon linked cation. Via 1 H NMR analyses, possible degradation mechanisms are investigated for each small molecule cation. Findings of this study strongly suggest that the alkaline stability is dictated by the steric hindrance around the β-hydrogen. This study expands beyond the limits of general knowledge on alkaline stability of alkyl-tethered ammonium cations via the Hofmann elimination route, highlights important design parameters for stable ammonium cations, and demonstrates accessible directly polymerizable alkaline stable ammonium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piril Ertem
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - E Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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21
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Splichal RC, Gredell JA, Vogel EB, Malefyt A, Comiskey G, Smith MR, Chan C, Walton SP. Modulating Polymer-siRNA Binding Does Not Promote Polyplex-Mediated Silencing. Nucleic Acid Ther 2021; 31:229-236. [PMID: 32749923 PMCID: PMC8215420 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2020.0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of delivery vehicles for small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a bottleneck to widespread clinical use. Cationic polymers represent an important class of potential delivery vehicles. In this study, we used alkyne-azide click chemistry to synthesize a variety of cationic poly(propargyl glycolide) backbone polymers to bind and deliver siRNAs. We demonstrated control over the binding interactions of these polymers and siRNAs by varying binding strength by more than three orders of magnitude. Binding strength was found to meet or exceed that of commercially available transfection agents. Our polymers effectively delivered siRNAs with no detectable cytotoxicity. Despite accumulation of siRNAs at levels comparable with commercial reagents, we did not observe silencing of the targeted protein. The implications of our results for future siRNA delivery vehicle design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Chauncey Splichal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph A. Gredell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Novozymes Biologicals, Inc, Salem, Virginia, USA
| | - Erin B. Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | - Amanda Malefyt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- McKetta Department of Chemical & Bioprocess Engineering, Trine University, Angola, Indiana, USA
| | - Georgina Comiskey
- Department of Chemistry, and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- ChemTrend LP, Howell, Michigan, USA
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - S. Patrick Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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22
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Marks MA, Kalaitzidou K, Gutekunst WR. Synthesis and Characterization of Cationic Dendrimer-PDMS Hybrids. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000652. [PMID: 33368765 PMCID: PMC8085078 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A modular strategy for the synthesis of dendron-linear polymer hybrids comprised of a flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) midblock with cationic 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) dendron end groups is developed. The invention of a scalable methodology to access quaternary ammonium carboxylate building blocks and their direct use in esterification chemistry enables rapid access to cationic bis-MPA dendrons. The convergent click coupling of highly charged dendrons to hydrophobic PDMS chain-ends gives a 12-membered family of hybrids that are comprised of different dendron generations (G1-3) and quaternary ammonium alkyl chain lengths (C4 , C8 , C12 , C16 ). This provides a library of materials with variable hydrophobicity, charge density, and chain-end valency. The physical behavior of the dendron-linear PDMS hybrid copolymers significantly changes after introduction of the cationic dendron end-groups and leads to soft-solid materials as a result of inhibited chain mobility. These PDMS-dendron hybrids are expected to behave as surface-active antimicrobial additives in bulk cross-linked silicone systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Marks
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kyriaki Kalaitzidou
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Will R Gutekunst
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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23
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Santos MRE, Mendonça PV, Branco R, Sousa R, Dias C, Serra AC, Fernandes JR, Magalhães FD, Morais PV, Coelho JFJ. Light-Activated Antimicrobial Surfaces Using Industrial Varnish Formulations to Mitigate the Incidence of Nosocomial Infections. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:7567-7579. [PMID: 33538168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Evidence has shown that hospital surfaces are one of the major vehicles of nosocomial infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens. Smart surface coatings presenting multiple antimicrobial activity mechanisms have emerged as an advanced approach to safely prevent this type of infection. In this work, industrial waterborne polyurethane varnish formulations containing for the first time cationic polymeric biocides (SPBs) combined with photosensitizer curcumin were developed to afford contact-active and light-responsive antimicrobial surfaces. SPBs were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization, which allows control over the polymer features that influence antimicrobial efficiency (e.g., molecular weight), while natural curcumin was employed to impart photodynamic activity to the surface. Antibacterial testing against Gram-negative Escherichia coli revealed that glass surfaces coated with the new formulations displayed photokilling effect under white-light (42 mW/cm2) irradiation within only 15 min of exposure. In addition, it was observed a combined antimicrobial effect between the two biocides (cationic SPB and curcumin), with a higher reduction in the number of viable bacteria observed for the surfaces containing cationic SPB/curcumin mixtures in comparison with the one obtained for surfaces only with polymer or without biocides. The waterborne industrial varnish formulations allowed the formation of homogeneous films without the need for addition of a coalescing agent, which can be potentially applied in diverse surface substrates to reduce bacterial transmission infections in healthcare environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madson R E Santos
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rita Branco
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ruben Sousa
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C Serra
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José R Fernandes
- Centre for Chemistry, Vila Real (CQVR), Physics Department, School of Science and Technology (ECT), University of Trás-dos-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernão D Magalhães
- LEPABE Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula V Morais
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima-Polo II, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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24
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Karpenko LI, Apartsin EK, Dudko SG, Starostina EV, Kaplina ON, Antonets DV, Volosnikova EA, Zaitsev BN, Bakulina AY, Venyaminova AG, Ilyichev AA, Bazhan SI. Cationic Polymers for the Delivery of the Ebola DNA Vaccine Encoding Artificial T-Cell Immunogen. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040718. [PMID: 33271964 PMCID: PMC7760684 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: According to current data, an effective Ebola virus vaccine should induce both humoral and T-cell immunity. In this work, we focused our efforts on methods for delivering artificial T-cell immunogen in the form of a DNA vaccine, using generation 4 polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM G4) and a polyglucin:spermidine conjugate (PG). Methods: Optimal conditions were selected for obtaining complexes of previously developed DNA vaccines with cationic polymers. The sizes, mobility and surface charge of the complexes with PG and PAMAM 4G have been determined. The immunogenicity of the obtained vaccine constructs was investigated in BALB/c mice. Results: It was shown that packaging of DNA vaccine constructs both in the PG envelope and the PAMAM 4G envelope results in an increase in their immunogenicity as compared with the group of mice immunized with the of vector plasmid pcDNA3.1 (a negative control). The highest T-cell responses were shown in mice immunized with complexes of DNA vaccines with PG and these responses significantly exceeded those in the groups of animals immunized with both the combination of naked DNAs and the combination DNAs coated with PAMAM 4G. In the group of animals immunized with complexes of the DNA vaccines with PAMAM 4G, no statistical differences were found in the ability to induce T-cell responses, as compared with the group of mice immunized with the combination of naked DNAs. Conclusions: The PG conjugate can be considered as a promising and safe means to deliver DNA-based vaccines. The use of PAMAM requires further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
- Correspondence: (L.I.K.); (S.I.B.); Tel.: +7-383-363-47-00 (ext. 2001) (L.I.K. & S.I.B.)
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.K.A.); (A.G.V.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Sergei G. Dudko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Ekaterina V. Starostina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Olga N. Kaplina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Denis V. Antonets
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Volosnikova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Boris N. Zaitsev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Anastasiya Yu. Bakulina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aliya G. Venyaminova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.K.A.); (A.G.V.)
| | - Alexander A. Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
| | - Sergei I. Bazhan
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Koltsovo, 630559 Novosibirsk Region, Russia; (S.G.D.); (E.V.S.); (O.N.K.); (D.V.A.); (E.A.V.); (B.N.Z.); (A.Y.B.); (A.A.I.)
- Correspondence: (L.I.K.); (S.I.B.); Tel.: +7-383-363-47-00 (ext. 2001) (L.I.K. & S.I.B.)
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25
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Del Prado A, Civantos A, Martínez-Campos E, Levkin PA, Reinecke H, Gallardo A, Elvira C. Efficient and Low Cytotoxicity Gene Carriers Based on Amine-Functionalized Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2724. [PMID: 33212976 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral vectors are a safety tool for gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes. Among the different non-viral vectors, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a well-known hydrosoluble, neutral, and non-toxic polymer, satisfies the requirements and becomes a suitable candidate for gene delivery. In this study, we describe the preparation of polyvinylpyrrolidones decorated with pyrrolidine, piperidine, and piperazine groups, and evaluate them in vitro as non-viral gene carriers. The properties of these new systems are compared with those of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) used as a positive control. Their ability to complex DNA at different N/P molar ratios, from 1:1 up to 10:1, was studied through agarose gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering. The resulting complexes (polyplexes) were characterized and evaluated in vitro with murine fibroblast (Swiss 3T3) as non-viral gene carriers, using luciferase as the reporter gene and a calcein cytocompatibility assay. All the copolymers condensed DNA to a particle average size between 100–400 nm when used at N/P ratios of 4:1 or higher. The copolymers with piperidine groups showed higher transfection efficiency than the pyrrolidine and piperazine modified copolymers, and even higher than the positive control of PEI at N/P ratios of 4:1 or higher. All the synthesized polyplexes from an aminated PVP displayed a general tendency of high cytocompatibility (75–95%) in comparison with the positive control PEI (55%).
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26
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Bogard A, Abatchev G, Hutchinson Z, Ward J, Finn PW, McKinney F, Fologea D. Lysenin Channels as Sensors for Ions and Molecules. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E6099. [PMID: 33120957 DOI: 10.3390/s20216099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysenin is a pore-forming protein extracted from the earthworm Eisenia fetida, which inserts large conductance pores in artificial and natural lipid membranes containing sphingomyelin. Its cytolytic and hemolytic activity is rather indicative of a pore-forming toxin; however, lysenin channels present intricate regulatory features manifested as a reduction in conductance upon exposure to multivalent ions. Lysenin pores also present a large unobstructed channel, which enables the translocation of analytes, such as short DNA and peptide molecules, driven by electrochemical gradients. These important features of lysenin channels provide opportunities for using them as sensors for a large variety of applications. In this respect, this literature review is focused on investigations aimed at the potential use of lysenin channels as analytical tools. The described explorations include interactions with multivalent inorganic and organic cations, analyses on the reversibility of such interactions, insights into the regulation mechanisms of lysenin channels, interactions with purines, stochastic sensing of peptides and DNA molecules, and evidence of molecular translocation. Lysenin channels present themselves as versatile sensing platforms that exploit either intrinsic regulatory features or the changes in ionic currents elicited when molecules thread the conducting pathway, which may be further developed into analytical tools of high specificity and sensitivity or exploited for other scientific biotechnological applications.
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27
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Zheng N, Cudjoe DK, Song W. Multicomponent Polymerization toward Cationic Polymers for Efficient Gene Delivery. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000464. [PMID: 33051922 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new class of cationic polymers containing tertiary amine, thioether, and hydroxyl groups are prepared via a catalyst-free, multicomponent polymerization method using dithiol, formaldehyde, and di-sec-amine with a ratio of 1:2:1, to access a library of water-soluble polymers with well-defined structures and suitable molecular weights (Mw ranging from 5000 to 8000 Da) in high yields (up to 90%). Such polycations are demonstrated to be promising nonviral gene delivery vectors with high transfection efficiency (up to 3.5-fold of PEI25k) and low toxicity with multiple functionalities: 1) efficient gene condensation by tertiary amine groups; 2) reactive oxygen species scavenging by thioether groups; and 3) positive charge shielding by hydroxyl groups. Both the thioether and hydroxyl groups are contributed to reduce the cytotoxicity of the polycations by tuning the oxidative stress and preventing the undesired serum binding. The optimized polycations can achieve high transfection efficiency under the serum conditions, indicating the great potential as a nonviral gene delivery vector candidate for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Kwesi Cudjoe
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wangze Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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28
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Luo R, Liu X, Chen M, Liu B, Fang Y. Recent Advances on Imidazolium-Functionalized Organic Cationic Polymers for CO 2 Adsorption and Simultaneous Conversion into Cyclic Carbonates. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3945-3966. [PMID: 32478431 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The cycloaddition reaction of CO2 with various epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates is one of the most promising and efficient approaches for CO2 fixation. Typical imidazolium-based ionic liquids possessing electrophilic cations and nucleophilic halogen anions have been identified as excellent and environmentally friendly candidates for synergistically activating epoxides to convert CO2 . Therefore, the feasible construction of a series of imidazolium-functionalized organic cationic polymers can bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, thereby obtaining highly selective CO2 adsorption and simultaneous conversion ability. This Review describes the recent advancements made with regard to the design and synthesis of this type of polymeric networks having imidazolium functionality. They are considered as an outstanding heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. Based on the perspective from the design of building blocks to the synthesis of cationic polymers, the focus mainly lies on how to introduce imidazole units into the material backbone via a covalent linking approach and how to incorporate other active sites capable of activating CO2 and/or epoxides into such polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Baoyu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
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29
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Zhang J, Su M, Yin Z. Construction of Inflammatory Directed Polymer Micelles and Its Application in Acute Lung Injury. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:217. [PMID: 32743738 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no specific treatment for acute lung injury (ALI) in clinical practice. In order to efficiently and accurately treat ALI, the advantages of cationic carriers were combined to accelerate the cell uptake. Polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol carrier (PCL-PEG-COOH, PPC) with good biocompatibility, polycaprolactone-polyethylmethacrylate cationic carrier (PCL-PDMAEMA, PCD), and polycaprolactone-polyethylene glycol carrier connected with high-affinity targeting peptide (Esbp) targeting inflammatory endothelial cells (PCL-PEG-Esbp, PPE) were used to construct the high-molecular polymer micelles (PCD/PPC/PPE). The particle size of the prepared DEX-loaded micelles was 130 ± 4.41 nm, and the Zeta potential was 28.3 ± 0.76 mV. The CMC value of the prepared polymer micelles was 0.643 μg/mL, and it was not easy to depolymerize in the blood circulation. Only about 40% DXM was released from the drug-loaded polymer micelles after 12 h compared with free DXM, indicating that the micelle material had a certain sustained-release performance in vitro release experiments. The safe concentration range of polymer was determined by biocompatibility test. It was recommended that the concentration of polymer micelles should not exceed 0.40 mg/mL to obtain a good compatibility in organisms. The results of cytotoxicity measurement showed that when the content of PCD increased to 50%, the concentration of blank micelles should not exceed 500 μg/mL and the concentration of DXM-loaded micelles should not be higher than 100 μg/mL. It was proved in the cell uptake experiment that the cation carrier of the micelles accelerated the cell uptake. The targeting ability of the targeted micelle group was higher compared with the non-targeted micelle group (P < 0.01, **). Meanwhile, the targeting ability of the non-targeted micelle group was higher compared with the free group (P < 0.001, ***). The targeting ability of the non-targeted micelle group was about 2.30 times and the targeted micelle group was about 3.16 times larger than that of the free group. It was also proved in the in vivo targeting experiments that the targeted micelles had a good targeting ability. The results of in vivo imaging of mice showed that the DXM of the micelle group gathered more in the lungs, and the micelle group had a better targeting ability compared with the free DID group. The order of lung targeting intensity was targeted micelles > non-targeted micelles >> free DID group. The targeting ability of polypeptide Esbp to ALI was confirmed. In conclusion, the prepared PCD/PPC/PPE polymer micelles had obvious in vitro and in vivo targeting ability and good biocompatibility. They could be used as a new targeted delivery system for the treatment of ALI in the future.
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30
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Lichtenberg SS, Laisney J, Elhaj Baddar Z, Tsyusko OV, Palli SR, Levard C, Masion A, Unrine JM. Comparison of Nanomaterials for Delivery of Double-Stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:7926-7934. [PMID: 32610013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference is a promising crop protection technology that has seen rapid development in the past several years. Here, we investigated polyamino acid biopolymers, inorganic nanomaterials, and hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials for delivery of dsRNA and efficacy of gene knockdown using the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Using an oral route of delivery, we are able to approximate how nanomaterials will be delivered in the environment. Of the materials investigated, only Mg-Al layered double-hydroxide nanoparticles were effective at gene knockdown in C. elegans, reducing marker gene expression to 66.8% of that of the control at the lowest tested concentration. In addition, we identified previously unreported injuries to the mouthparts of C. elegans associated with the use of a common cell-penetrating peptide, poly-l-arginine. Our results will allow the pursuit of further research into promising materials for dsRNA delivery and also allow for the exclusion of those with little efficacy or deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart S Lichtenberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Jerome Laisney
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Zeinah Elhaj Baddar
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Olga V Tsyusko
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Subba R Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
| | - Clement Levard
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Europole Arbois,check BP 80, Aix en Provence 13545, France
| | - Armand Masion
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Univ., IRD, INRAE, Coll France, CEREGE, Europole Arbois,check BP 80, Aix en Provence 13545, France
| | - Jason M Unrine
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, United States
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31
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Lin HP, Akimoto J, Li YK, Ito Y. Selective Control of Cell Activity with Hydrophilic Polymer-Covered Cationic Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000049. [PMID: 32253822 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymers exhibit high cytotoxicity via strong interaction with cell membranes. To reduce cell membrane damage, a hydrophilic polymer is introduced to the cationic nanoparticle surface. The hydrophilic polymer coating of cationic nanoparticles resulted in a nearly neutral nanoparticle. These particles are applied to mouse fibroblast (3T3) and human cervical adenocarcinoma (Hela) cells. Interestingly, nanoparticles with a long cationic segment decrease cell activity regardless of cell type, while those with a short segment only affect 3T3 cell activity at lower concentrations less than 500 µg mL-1 . Most nanoparticles are located inside 3T3 cells but on the cell membrane of Hela cells. The short cationic nanoparticle shows negligible cell membrane damage despite its high accumulation on Hela cell membranes. Cell activity changed by hydrophilic polymer-coated cationic nanoparticles is caused by incorporated nanoparticle accumulation in the cells, not cell membrane damage. To suppress the cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer, cationic nanoparticle needs to completely cover with hydrophilic polymer so as not to exhibit the cationic effect and applies to cell with low concentrations to reduce the nonselective cytotoxicity from the cationic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Pen Lin
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jun Akimoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yaw-Kuen Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Bono N, Ponti F, Mantovani D, Candiani G. Non-Viral in Vitro Gene Delivery: It is Now Time to Set the Bar! Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E183. [PMID: 32098191 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transfection by means of non-viral gene delivery vectors is the cornerstone of modern gene delivery. Despite the resources poured into the development of ever more effective transfectants, improvement is still slow and limited. Of note, the performance of any gene delivery vector in vitro is strictly dependent on several experimental conditions specific to each laboratory. The lack of standard tests has thus largely contributed to the flood of inconsistent data underpinning the reproducibility crisis. A way researchers seek to address this issue is by gauging the effectiveness of newly synthesized gene delivery vectors with respect to benchmarks of seemingly well-known behavior. However, the performance of such reference molecules is also affected by the testing conditions. This survey points to non-standardized transfection settings and limited information on variables deemed relevant in this context as the major cause of such misalignments. This review provides a catalog of conditions optimized for the gold standard and internal reference, 25 kDa polyethyleneimine, that can be profitably replicated across studies for the sake of comparison. Overall, we wish to pave the way for the implementation of standardized protocols in order to make the evaluation of the effectiveness of transfectants as unbiased as possible.
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Beu TA, Ailenei AE, Costinaş RI. Martini Force Field for Protonated Polyethyleneimine. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:349-361. [PMID: 31762047 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI), one of the most widely used nonviral gene carriers, was investigated in the presented work at coarse-grained (CG) level. The main focus was on elaborating a realistic CG force field (FF) aimed to reproduce dynamic structural features of protonated PEI chains and, furthermore, to enable massive simulations of DNA-PEI complex formation and condensation. We parametrized CG Martini FF models for PEI in polarizable and nonpolarizable water by applying Boltzmann inversion techniques to all-atom (AA) probability distributions for distances, angles, and dihedrals of entire monomers. The fine-tuning of the FFs was achieved by fitting simulated CG gyration radii and end-to-end distances to their AA counterparts. The developed Martini FF models are shown to be well suited for realistic large-scale simulations of size/protonation-dependent behavior of solvated PEI chains, either individually or as part of DNA-PEI systems. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Adrian Beu
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, University Babeş-Bolyai, Mihail Kogălniceanu Street 1, Cluj-Napoca, 400084, Romania
| | - Andrada-Elena Ailenei
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, University Babeş-Bolyai, Mihail Kogălniceanu Street 1, Cluj-Napoca, 400084, Romania
| | - Răzvan-Ioan Costinaş
- Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, University Babeş-Bolyai, Mihail Kogălniceanu Street 1, Cluj-Napoca, 400084, Romania
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Skandalis A, Murmiliuk A, Štěpánek M, Pispas S. Physicochemical Evaluation of Insulin Complexes with QPDMAEMA- b-PLMA- b-POEGMA Cationic Amphiphlic Triblock Terpolymer Micelles. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E309. [PMID: 32028685 PMCID: PMC7077422 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, poly[quaternized 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-b-lauryl methacrylate-b-(oligo ethylene glycol)methacrylate] (QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA) cationic amphiphilic triblock terpolymers were used as vehicles for the complexation/encapsulation of insulin (INS). The terpolymers self-assemble in spherical micelles with PLMA cores and mixed QPDMAEMA/POEGMA coronas in aqueous solutions. The cationic micelles were complexed via electrostatic interactions with INS, which contains anionic charges at pH 7. The solutions were colloidally stable in all INS ratios used. Light-scattering techniques were used for investigation of the complexation ability and the size and surface charge of the terpolymer/INS complexes. The results showed that the size of the complexes increases as INS ratio increases, while at the same time the surface charge remains positive, indicating the formation of clusters of micelles/INS complexes in the solution. Fluorescence spectroscopy measurements revealed that the conformation of the protein is not affected after the complexation with the terpolymer micellar aggregates. It was observed that as the solution ionic strength increases, the size of the QPDMAEMA-b-PLMA-b-POEGMA/INS complexes initially decreases and then remains practically constant at higher ionic strength, indicating further aggregation of the complexes. atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements showed the existence of both clusters and isolated nanoparticulate terpolymer/protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anastasiia Murmiliuk
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic (M.Š.)
| | - Miroslav Štěpánek
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic (M.Š.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece;
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Balijepalli AS, Sabatelle RC, Chen M, Suki B, Grinstaff MW. A Synthetic Bioinspired Carbohydrate Polymer with Mucoadhesive Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:704-710. [PMID: 31701611 PMCID: PMC7754715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive polymers are of significant interest to the pharmaceutical, medical device, and cosmetic industries. Polysaccharides possessing charged functional groups, such as chitosan, are known for mucoadhesive properties but suffer from poor chemical definition and solubility, while the chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is challenging with few reported examples of synthetic carbohydrate polymers with engineered-in ionic functionality. We report the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a synthetic, cationic, enantiopure carbohydrate polymer inspired by the structure of chitosan. These water-soluble, cytocompatible polymers are prepared via an anionic ring-opening polymerization of a bicyclic β-lactam sugar monomer. The synthetic method provides control over the site of amine functionalization and the length of the polymer while providing narrow dispersities. These well-defined polymers are mucoadhesive as documented in single-molecule scale (AFM), bulk solution phase (FRAP), and ex vivo tissue experiments. Polymer length and functionality affects bioactivity as long, charged polymers display higher mucoadhesivity than long, neutral polymers or short, charged polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant S Balijepalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Robert C Sabatelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mingfu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Bela Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 712 Beacon Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Santo D, Mendonça PV, Lima MS, Cordeiro RA, Cabanas L, Serra A, Coelho JFJ, Faneca H. Poly(ethylene glycol)- block-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride)-Based Polyplexes as Serum-Tolerant Nanosystems for Enhanced Gene Delivery. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2129-2141. [PMID: 30986077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into polyplexes has been used as a promising approach to enhance their stability and reduce unwanted interactions with biomolecules. However, this strategy generally has a negative influence on cellular uptake and, consequently, on transfection of target cells. In this work, we explore the effect of PEGylation on biological and physicochemical properties of poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAMA)-based polyplexes. For this purpose, different tailor-made PEG- b-PAMA block copolymers, and the respective homopolymers, were synthesized using the controlled/"living" radical polymerization method based on activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. The obtained data show that PEG- b-PAMA-based polyplexes exhibited a much better transfection activity/cytotoxicity relationship than the corresponding non-PEGylated nanocarriers. The best formulation, prepared with the largest block copolymer (PEG45- b-PAMA168) at a 25:1 N/P ratio, presented a 350-fold higher transfection activity in the presence of serum than that obtained with polyplexes generated with the gold standard bPEI. This higher transfection activity was associated to an improved capability to overcome the intracellular barriers, namely the release from the endolysosomal pathway and the vector unpacking and consequent DNA release from the nanosystem inside cells. Moreover, these nanocarriers exhibit suitable physicochemical properties for gene delivery, namely reduced sizes, high DNA protection, and colloidal stability. Overall, these findings demonstrate the high potential of the PEG45- b-PAMA168 block copolymer as a gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Santo
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-504 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Patrícia V Mendonça
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Mafalda S Lima
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rosemeyre A Cordeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-504 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Luis Cabanas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-504 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Arménio Serra
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Coimbra , 3030-790 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Henrique Faneca
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology , University of Coimbra , 3004-504 Coimbra , Portugal
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Li X, Bai H, Yang Y, Yoon J, Wang S, Zhang X. Supramolecular Antibacterial Materials for Combatting Antibiotic Resistance. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1805092. [PMID: 30536445 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged as a severe threat to human health. As effective antibacterial therapies, supramolecular materials display unprecedented advantages because of the flexible and tunable nature of their noncovalent interactions with biomolecules and the ability to incorporate various active agents in their platforms. Herein, supramolecular antibacterial materials are discussed using a format that focuses on their fundamental active elements and on recent advances including material selection, fabrication methods, structural characterization, and activity performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuchong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, South Korea
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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38
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Beu TA, Ailenei AE, Farcaş A. CHARMM force field for protonated polyethyleneimine. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2564-2575. [PMID: 30365171 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a revised version of our previously published atomistic Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics (CHARMM) force field for polyethyleneimine (PEI). It is based on new residue types (with symmetric CNC backbone), whose integer charges and bonded parameters are derived from ab initio calculations on an enlarged set of model polymers. The force field is validated by extensive molecular dynamics simulations on solvated PEI chains of various lengths and protonation patterns. The profiles of the gyration radius, end-to-end distance, and diffusion coefficient fine-tune our previous results, while the simulated diffusion coefficients excellently reproduce experimental findings. The developed CHARMM force field is suitable for realistic atomistic simulations of size/protonation-dependent behavior of PEI chains, either individually or composing polyplexes, but also provides reliable all-atom distributions for deriving coarse-grained force fields for PEI. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Adrian Beu
- University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Andrada-Elena Ailenei
- University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Alexandra Farcaş
- University Babeş-Bolyai, Faculty of Physics, Department of Biomolecular Physics, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
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Zhou X, Liu Z, Wang H, Liu X, Zhou Z, Tang J, Liu X, Zheng M, Shen Y. SAHA (vorinostat) facilitates functional polymer-based gene transfection via upregulation of ROS and synergizes with TRAIL gene delivery for cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:306-314. [PMID: 30188217 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1519028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery is an attractive approach for the treatment of many diseases including cancer, benefiting from its safety and large-scale production concerns. However, the relatively low transfection efficacy compared with viral vectors restricts the clinical applications of non-viral gene vectors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered charge reversal polymers (named B-PDEAEA) presented improved transfection efficacy, because of fast release of plasmid DNA responding to enhanced oxidative stress in cancer cells. But inadequate dissociation can still occur owing to the insufficient intracellular ROS generation. Here, we report SAHA (vorinostat), which is a clinical histone deacetylase inhibitor and anticancer drug, induces the ROS accumulation in cancer cells, and facilitates the charge reversal process of B-PDEAEA and the cellular dissociation of the delivered gene from the vectors. As a result, SAHA remarkably increases the gene transfection efficacy in an ROS-dependent manner. Importantly, SAHA synergizes with B-PDEAEA mediated therapeutic gene TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) delivery in inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. These findings support the first concept of improving the gene delivery efficacy of stimuli-responsive vectors through upregulating the cellular ROS via an FDA approved anticancer agent. Additionally, combination of SAHA and TRAIL gene therapy could be a potential strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zimo Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Huifang Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xin Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiangrui Liu
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Zheng
- b State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Youqing Shen
- a Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Szkudlarek M, Heine E, Keul H, Beginn U, Möller M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Peptides Mimicking Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and 4-Methyl-1-pentene. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2617. [PMID: 30181456 PMCID: PMC6163474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic amphiphilic copolymers with strong antimicrobial properties mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides were obtained via synthesis of an alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride and 4-methyl-1-pentene. The obtained copolymer was modified by grafting with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (DMAPA) and imidized in a one-pot synthesis. The obtained copolymer was modified further to yield polycationic copolymers by means of quaternization with methyl iodide and dodecyl iodide, as well as by being sequentially quaternized with both of them. The antimicrobial properties of obtained copolymers were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Both tested quaternized copolymers were more active against the Gram-negative E. coli than against the Gram-positive S. aureus. The copolymer modified with both iodides was best when tested against E. coli and, comparing all three copolymers, also exhibited the best effect against S. aureus. Moreover, it shows (limited) selectivity to differentiate between mammalian cells and bacterial cell walls. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Nisin against the Gram-positive bacteria on the molar basis instead on the weight basis, the difference between the effect of Nisin and the copolymer is significantly lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Szkudlarek
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Heine
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Helmut Keul
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beginn
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Osnabrück, OMC, Barbarastraße 7, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Martin Möller
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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41
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Sun Z, Pan J, Guo J, Yan F. The Alkaline Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Applications: The Effects of Alkaline Media. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2018; 5:1800065. [PMID: 30128234 PMCID: PMC6097010 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and ethylene glycol) have been applied as fuels for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells. However, the effects of alkaline media on the stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are still elusive. Here, a series of organic cations including quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, benzimidazolium, pyridinium, phosphonium, pyrrolidinium cations, and their corresponding cationic polymers are synthesized and systematically investigated with respect to their chemical stability in various alkaline media (water, methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide) by quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. In the case of protic solvents (water, methanol, and ethanol), the lower dielectric constant of the alkaline media, the lower is the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy of the organic cation, which leads to the lower alkaline stability of cations. However, the hydrogen bonds between the anions and protic solvents weaken the effects of low dielectric constant of the alkaline media. The aprotic solvent accelerated the SN2 degradation reaction of "naked" organic cations. The results of this study suggest that both the chemical structure of organic cations and alkaline media (fuels) applied affect the alkaline stability of AEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Ji Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Jiangna Guo
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Feng Yan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
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42
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Si G, Elzes MR, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Modular Synthesis of Bioreducible Gene Vectors through Polyaddition of N, N'-Dimethylcystamine and Diglycidyl Ethers. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E687. [PMID: 30966721 DOI: 10.3390/polym10060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioreducible, cationic linear poly(amino ether)s (PAEs) were designed as promising gene vectors. These polymers were synthesized by the reaction of a disulfide-functional monomer, N,N'-dimethylcystamine (DMC), and several different diglycidyl ethers. The resulting PAEs displayed a substantial buffer capacity (up to 64%) in the endosomal acidification region of pH 7.4⁻5.1. The PAEs condense plasmid DNA into 80⁻200 nm sized polyplexes, and have surface charges ranging from +20 to +40 mV. The polyplexes readily release DNA upon exposure to reducing conditions (2.5 mM DTT) due to the cleavage of the disulfide groups that is present in the main chain of the polymers, as was demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Upon exposing COS-7 cells to polyplexes that were prepared at polymer/DNA w/w ratios below 48, cell viabilities between 80⁻100% were observed, even under serum-free conditions. These polyplexes show comparable or higher transfection efficiencies (up to 38%) compared to 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes (12% under serum-free conditions). Moreover, the PAE-based polyplexes yield transfection efficiencies as high as 32% in serum-containing medium, which makes these polymers interesting for gene delivery applications.
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Cheng H, Fan X, Wu C, Wang X, Wang LJ, Loh XJ, Li Z, Wu YL. Cyclodextrin-Based Star-Like Amphiphilic Cationic Polymer as a Potential Pharmaceutical Carrier in Macrophages. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800207. [PMID: 29806229 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of therapeutic genes or small molecular drugs into macrophages is important for cell based immune therapy, but it remains a challenge due to the intracellular reactive oxygen species and endosomal degradation of therapeutics inside immune cells. In this report, the star-like amphiphilic biocompatible β-cyclodextrin-graft-(poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)x (β-CD-g-(PCL-b-PDMAEMA)x ) copolymer, consisting of a biocompatible cyclodextrin core, hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL segments and hydrophilic PDMAEMA blocks with positive charge, is optimized to achieve high efficiency gene transfection with enhanced stability, due to the micelle formation by hydrophobic PCL segments. In comparison with lipofetamine, a currently popular nonviral gene carrier, β-CD-g-(PCL-b-PDMAEMA)x copolymer, shows better transfection efficiency of plasmid desoxyribose nucleic acid in RAW264.7 macrophages. More interestingly, this delivery platform by β-CD-g-(PCL-b-PDMAEMA)x not only shows low toxicity but also better dexamethasone delivery efficiency, which might indicate its great potential in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a biomolecule with a wide range of promising clinical applications. However, the unstable nature of mRNA and its susceptibility to degradation by ribonucleases (RNases) necessitate the use of specialized formulations for delivery. Polycations are an emerging class of synthetic carriers capable of packaging nucleic acids, and may serve as suitable RNase-resistant formulations for mRNA administration. Here, we explore the application of VIPER and sunflower polycations, two polycations previously synthesized by our group, for the delivery of mRNA in comparison to branched poly(ethylenimine); all three polycations have been shown to efficiently deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) to cultured cells. Despite successful mRNA condensation and packaging, transfection studies reveal that these three polycations can only efficiently deliver mRNA under serum-free conditions, while pDNA delivery is achieved even in the presence of serum. RNase resistance studies confirm that nuclease degradation of mRNA cargo remains a significant barrier to mRNA delivery using these polycations. These results emphasize the need for additional strategies for nuclease protection of mRNA cargo beyond electrostatic complexation with polycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Yen
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , United States
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , United States.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , P.R. China
| | - Meilyn Sylvestre
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , United States
| | - Heather H Gustafson
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , United States
| | - Sanyogitta Puri
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit , AstraZeneca , Cambridge CB4 OWG , U.K
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA 98195 , United States
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Almulathanon AAY, Ranucci E, Ferruti P, Garnett MC, Bosquillon C. Comparison of Gene Transfection and Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of Linear Poly(amidoamine) and Branched Poly(ethyleneimine) Polyplexes. Pharm Res 2018. [PMID: 29516282 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to further explore the mechanisms behind the ability of certain linear polyamidoamines (PAAs) to transfect cells with minimal cytotoxicity. METHODS The transfection efficiency of DNA complexed with a PAA of a molecular weight over 10 kDa or 25 kDa branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) was compared in A549 cells using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The impact of endo/lysosomal escape on transgene expression was investigated by transfecting cells in presence of bafilomycin A1 or chloroquine. Cytotoxicity caused by the vectors was evaluated by measuring cell metabolic activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, formation of reactive oxygen species and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. RESULTS The luciferase activity was ~3-fold lower after transfection with PAA polyplexes than with BPEI complexes at the optimal polymer to nucleotide ratio (RU:Nt). However, in contrast to BPEI vectors, PAA polyplexes caused negligible cytotoxic effects. The transfection efficiency of PAA polyplexes was significantly reduced in presence of bafilomycin A1 while chloroquine enhanced or decreased transgene expression depending on the RU:Nt. CONCLUSIONS PAA polyplexes displayed a pH-dependent endo/lysosomal escape which was not associated with cytotoxic events, unlike observed with BPEI polyplexes. This is likely due to their greater interactions with biological membranes at acidic than neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar A Y Almulathanon
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Pharmacy College,, University of Mosul,, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Elisabetta Ranucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica,, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ferruti
- Dipartimento di Chimica,, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin C Garnett
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Cynthia Bosquillon
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Tejero R, Gutiérrez B, López D, López-Fabal F, Gómez-Garcés JL, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Tailoring Macromolecular Structure of Cationic Polymers towards Efficient Contact Active Antimicrobial Surfaces. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E241. [PMID: 30966276 PMCID: PMC6415157 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is the preparation of contact active antimicrobial films by blending copolymers with quaternary ammonium salts and polyacrylonitrile as matrix material. A series of copolymers based on acrylonitrile and methacrylic monomers with quaternizable groups were designed with the purpose of investigating the influence of their chemical and structural characteristics on the antimicrobial activity of these surfaces. The biocide activity of these systems was studied against different microorganisms, such as the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomona aeruginosa and the yeast Candida parapsilosis. The results confirmed that parameters such as flexibility and polarity of the antimicrobial polymers immobilized on the surfaces strongly affect the efficiency against microorganisms. In contrast to the behavior of copolymers in water solution, when they are tethered to the surface, the active cationic groups are less accessible and then, the mobility of the side chain is critical for a good contact with the microorganism. Blend films composed of copolymers with high positive charge density and chain mobility present up to a more than 99.999% killing efficiency against the studied microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tejero
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Daniel López
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fátima López-Fabal
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, C/Río Júcar, s/n, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José L Gómez-Garcés
- Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, C/Río Júcar, s/n, Móstoles, 28935 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Stimuli-responsive, smart, intelligent, or environmentally sensitive polymers respond to changes in external stimuli such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, surfactants, pressure, light, biomolecules, and magnetic field. These materials are developed in various network architectures such as block copolymers, crosslinked hydrogels, nanogels, inter-penetrating networks, and dendrimers. Stimuli-responsive cationic polymers and hydrogels are an interesting class of "smart" materials that respond reversibly to changes in external pH. These materials have the ability to swell extensively in solutions of acidic pH and de-swell or shrink in solutions of alkaline pH. This reversible swelling-shrinking property brought about by changes in external pH conditions makes these materials useful in a wide range of applications such as drug delivery systems and chemical sensors. This article focuses mainly on the properties of these interesting materials and their applications in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roshan Deen
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Natural Sciences and Science Education AG, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1-Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore.
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2-Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
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Urbiola K, Blanco-Fernández L, Ogris M, Rödl W, Wagner E, Tros de Ilarduya C. Novel PAMAM-PEG-Peptide Conjugates for siRNA Delivery Targeted to the Transferrin and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8010004. [PMID: 29315261 PMCID: PMC5872078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transferrin (TfR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are known to be overexpressed on the surface of a wide variety of tumor cells. Therefore, the peptides B6 (TfR specific) and GE11 (targeted to the EGFR) were linked to the PAMAM (polyamidoamine) structure via a polyethylenglycol (PEG) 2 kDa chain with the aim of improving the silencing capacity of the PAMAM-based dendriplexes. The complexes showed an excellent binding capacity to the siRNA with a maximal condensation at nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) 2. The nanoparticles formed exhibited hydrodynamic diameters below 200 nm. The zeta potential was always positive, despite the complexes containing the PEG chain in the structure showing a drop of the values due to the shielding effect. The gene silencing capacity was assayed in HeLa and LS174T cells stably transfected with the eGFPLuc cassette. The dendriplexes containing a specific anti luciferase siRNA, assayed at different N/P ratios, were able to mediate a mean decrease of the luciferase expression values of 14% for HeLa and 20% in LS174T cells, compared to an unspecific siRNA-control. (p < 0.05). In all the conditions assayed, dendriplexes resulted to be non-toxic and viability was always above 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koldo Urbiola
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Laura Blanco-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Rödl
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) 80799 Munich, Germany; (W.R.); (E.W.)
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; (K.U.); (L.B.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-948-425600 (ext. 80-6375)
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Yang D, Zhao J, Shi J, Wang X, Zhang S, Jiang Z. Combination of Redox Assembly and Biomimetic Mineralization To Prepare Graphene-Based Composite Cellular Foams for Versatile Catalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:43950-43958. [PMID: 29171256 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials with hierarchical structures and multifunctionality have gained much interest in a variety of applications. Herein, we report a facile, yet universal approach to prepare graphene-based composite cellular foams (GCCFs) through combination of redox assembly and biomimetic mineralization enabled by cationic polymers. Specifically, cationic polymers (e.g., polyethyleneimine, lysozyme, etc.) could not only reduce and simultaneously assemble graphene oxide (GO) into cellular foams but also confer the cellular foams with mineralization-inducing capability, enabling the formation of inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., silica, titania, silver, etc.). The GCCFs show highly porous structure and appropriate structural stability, where nanoparticles are well distributed on the surface of the reduced GO. Through altering polymer/inorganic pairs, a series of GCCFs are synthesized, which exhibit much enhanced catalytic performance in enzyme catalysis, heterogeneous chemical catalysis, and photocatalysis compared to nanoparticulate catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiafu Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development , Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, P. R. China
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50
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You JB, Kim YT, Lee KG, Choi Y, Choi S, Kim CH, Kim KH, Chang SJ, Lee TJ, Lee SJ, Im SG. Surface-Modified Mesh Filter for Direct Nucleic Acid Extraction and its Application to Gene Expression Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28714572 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and convenient isolation of nucleic acids (NAs) from cell lysate plays a key role for onsite gene expression analysis. Here, this study achieves one-step and efficient capture of NA directly from cell lysate by developing a cationic surface-modified mesh filter (SMF). By depositing cationic polymer via vapor-phase deposition process, strong charge interaction is introduced on the surface of the SMF to capture the negatively charged NAs. The NA capturing capability of SMF is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, fluorescent microscopy, and zeta potential measurement. In addition, the genomic DNAs of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 can be extracted by the SMF from artificially infected food, and fluorescent signal is observed on the surface of SMF after amplification of target gene. The proposed SMF is able to provide a more simplified, convenient, and fast extraction method and can be applied to the fields of food safety testing, clinical diagnosis, or environmental pollutant monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Tae Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G. Lee
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkyun Choi
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hoon Kim
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Chang
- Department of Chemistry; Chung-Ang University; Seoul 06911 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jae Lee
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jae Lee
- Department of Nano Bio Research; National NanoFab Center (NNFC); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Graphene Research Center in KAIST Institute for NanoCentury; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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