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Poulis N, Martin M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY, Fioretta ES. Development of an iPSC-derived tissue-resident macrophage-based platform for the in vitro immunocompatibility assessment of human tissue engineered matrices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12171. [PMID: 38806547 PMCID: PMC11133401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon implanting tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs), blood-derived macrophages are believed to orchestrate the remodeling process. They initiate the immune response and mediate the remodeling of the TEHV, essential for the valve's functionality. The exact role of another macrophage type, the tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs), has not been yet elucidated even though they maintain the homeostasis of native tissues. Here, we characterized the response of hTRM-like cells in contact with a human tissue engineered matrix (hTEM). HTEMs comprised intracellular peptides with potentially immunogenic properties in their ECM proteome. Human iPSC-derived macrophages (iMφs) could represent hTRM-like cells in vitro and circumvent the scarcity of human donor material. iMφs were derived and after stimulation they demonstrated polarization towards non-/inflammatory states. Next, they responded with increased IL-6/IL-1β secretion in separate 3/7-day cultures with longer production-time-hTEMs. We demonstrated that iMφs are a potential model for TRM-like cells for the assessment of hTEM immunocompatibility. They adopt distinct pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and both IL-6 and IL-1β secretion depends on hTEM composition. IL-6 provided the highest sensitivity to measure iMφs pro-inflammatory response. This platform could facilitate the in vitro immunocompatibility assessment of hTEMs and thereby showcase a potential way to achieve safer clinical translation of TEHVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Poulis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.
- Wyss Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Institut für Regenerative Medizin (IREM), University of Zurich, Moussonstrasse 13, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Emanuela S Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
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Tawagi E, Ung T, Cheng HLM, Santerre JP. Arrhenius-model-based degradable oligourethane hydrogels for controlled growth factor release. Acta Biomater 2023; 166:167-186. [PMID: 37207744 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable hydrogels are growing in demand to enable the delivery of biomolecules (e.g. growth factors) for regenerative medicine. This research investigated the resorption of an oligourethane/polyacrylic acid hydrogel, a biodegradable hydrogel which supports tissue regeneration. The Arrhenius model was used to characterize the resorption of the polymeric gels in relevant in vitro conditions, and the Flory-Rehner equation was used to correlate the volumetric swelling ratio with the extent of degradation. The study found that the swelling rate of the hydrogel follows the Arrhenius model at elevated temperatures, estimating degradation time in saline solution at 37°C to be between 5 and 13 months, serving as a preliminary approximation of degradation in vivo. The degradation products had low cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells, and the hydrogel supported stromal cell proliferation. Additionally, the hydrogels were able to release growth factors and maintain the biomolecules' bioactivity towards cell proliferation. The study of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from the hydrogel used a diffusion process model, showing that the electrostatic attraction between VEGF and the anionic hydrogel allowed for controlled and sustained VEGF release over three weeks. In a rat subcutaneous implant model, a selected hydrogel with desired degradation rates exhibited minimal foreign body response and supported M2a macrophage phenotype, and vascularization. The low M1 and high M2a macrophage phenotypes within the implants were associated with tissue integration. This research supports the use of oligourethane/polyacrylic acid hydrogels as a promising material for delivering growth factors and supporting tissue regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is a need for degradable elastomeric hydrogels that can support the formation of soft tissues and minimize long-term foreign body responses. An Arrhenius model was used to estimate the relative breakdown of hydrogels, in-vitro. The results demonstrate that hydrogels made from a combination of poly(acrylic acid) and oligo-urethane diacrylates can be designed to resorb over defined periods ranging from months to years depending on the chemical formulation prescribed by the model. The hydrogel formulations also provided for different release profiles of growth factors, relevant to tissue regeneration. In-vivo, these hydrogels had minimal inflammatory effects and showed evidence of integration into the surrounding tissue. The hydrogel approach can help the field design a broader range of biomaterials for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tawagi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Room 1435, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Ung
- Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Room 1435, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th Floor, Room 1435, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Translational Biology & Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Poulis N, Martin M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY, Fioretta ES. Macrophage-extracellular matrix interactions: Perspectives for tissue engineered heart valve remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:952178. [PMID: 36176991 PMCID: PMC9513146 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.952178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In situ heart valve tissue engineering approaches have been proposed as promising strategies to overcome the limitations of current heart valve replacements. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) generated from in vitro grown tissue engineered matrices (TEMs) aim at mimicking the microenvironmental cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) to favor integration and remodeling of the implant. A key role of the ECM is to provide mechanical support to and attract host cells into the construct. Additionally, each ECM component plays a critical role in regulating cell adhesion, growth, migration, and differentiation potential. Importantly, the immune response to the implanted TEHV is also modulated biophysically via macrophage-ECM protein interactions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the interactions and signaling networks occurring between ECM proteins and macrophages, and how these interactions may impact the long-term in situ remodeling outcomes of TEMs. First, we provide an overview of in situ tissue engineering approaches and their clinical relevance, followed by a discussion on the fundamentals of the remodeling cascades. We then focus on the role of circulation-derived and resident tissue macrophages, with particular emphasis on the ramifications that ECM proteins and peptides may have in regulating the host immune response. Finally, the relevance of these findings for heart valve tissue engineering applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Poulis
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich, University and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maximilian Y. Emmert, ,
| | - Emanuela S. Fioretta
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Emanuela S. Fioretta,
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Chen Y, Chan JPY, Wu J, Li R, Santerre JP. Compatibility and function of human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes on an electrospun nanofibrous scaffold, generated from an ionomeric polyurethane composite. J Biomed Mater Res A 2022; 110:1932-1943. [PMID: 35851742 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic scaffolds are needed for generating organized neo-myocardium constructs to promote functional tissue repair. This study investigated the biocompatibility of an elastomeric electrospun degradable polar/hydrophobic/ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) composite scaffold with human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The composite material was electrospun to generate scaffolds, with nanofibres oriented in aligned or random directions. These features enabled the authors to evaluate the effect of characteristic elements which mimic that of the native extracellular matrix (alignment, chemical heterogeneity, and fiber topography) on hiPSC-CMs activity. The functional nature of the hiPSC-CM cultured on gelatin and Matrigel-coated scaffolds were assessed, investigating the influence of protein interactions with the synthetic substrate on subsequent cell phenotype. After 7 days of culture, high hiPSC-CM viability was observed on the scaffolds. The cells on the aligned scaffold were elongated and demonstrated aligned sarcomeres that oriented parallel to the direction of the fibers, while the cells on random scaffolds and a tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control did not exhibit such an organized morphology. The hiPSC-CMs cultured on the scaffolds and TCPS expressed similar levels of cardiac troponin-T, but there was a higher expression of ventricular myosin light chain-2 on the D-PHI composite scaffolds versus TCPS, indicating a higher proportion of hiPSC-CM exhibiting a ventricular cardiomyocyte like phenotype. Within 7 days, the hiPSC-CMs on aligned scaffolds and TCPS beat synchronously and had similar conductive velocities. These preliminary results show that aligned D-PHI elastomeric scaffolds allow hiPSC-CMs to demonstrate important cardiomyocytes characteristics, critical to enabling their future potential use for cardiac tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jennifer P. Y. Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Baylis Medical Mississauga Ontario Canada
| | - Jun Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ren‐Ke Li
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program, Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Sari B, Isik M, Eylem CC, Kilic C, Okesola BO, Karakaya E, Emregul E, Nemutlu E, Derkus B. Omics Technologies for High-Throughput-Screening of Cell-Biomaterial Interactions. Mol Omics 2022; 18:591-615. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00060a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent research effort in biomaterial development has largely focused on engineering bio-instructive materials to stimulate specific cell signaling. Assessing the biological performance of these materials using time-consuming and trial-and-error traditional...
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Shrestha S, McFadden MJ, Teng ACT, Chang PDM, Deng J, Wong TWY, Cohn RD, Ivakine EA, Gramolini AO, Santerre JP. Self-Assembled Oligo-Urethane Nanoparticles: Their Characterization and Use for the Delivery of Active Biomolecules into Mammalian Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58352-58368. [PMID: 34873903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c17868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Developing safe and effective strategies to deliver biomolecules such as oligonucleotides and proteins into cells has grown in importance over recent years, with an increasing demand for non-viral methods that enable clinical translation. Here, we investigate uniquely configured oligo-urethane nanoparticles based on synthetic chemistries that minimize the release of pro-inflammatory biomarkers from immune cells, show low cytotoxicity in a broad range of cells, and efficiently deliver oligonucleotides and proteins into mammalian cells. The mechanism of cell uptake for the self-assembled oligo-urethane nanoparticles was shown to be directed by caveolae-dependent endocytosis in murine myoblasts (C2C12) cells. Inhibiting caveolae functions with genistein and methyl-β-cyclodextrin limited nanoparticle internalization. The nanoparticles showed a very high delivery efficiency for the genetic material (a 47-base oligonucleotide) (∼80% incorporation into cells) as well as the purified protein (full length firefly luciferase, 67 kDa) into human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Luciferase enzyme activity in HEK293T cells demonstrated that intact and functional proteins could be delivered and showed a significant extension of activity retention up to 24 h, well beyond the 2 h half-life of the free enzyme. This study introduces a novel self-assembled oligo-urethane nanoparticle delivery platform with very low associated production costs, enabled by their scalable chemistry (the benchwork cost is $ 0.152/mg vs $ 974.6/mg for typical lipid carriers) that has potential to deliver both oligonucleotides and proteins for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Shrestha
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan J McFadden
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen C T Teng
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Dong Min Chang
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Joyce Deng
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tatianna W Y Wong
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald D Cohn
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics and Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evgueni A Ivakine
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony O Gramolini
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1G6, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Biology and Engineering Program and Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Toronto M5G 1M1, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Ontario, Canada
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Macrophage Response to Biomaterials in Cardiovascular Applications. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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