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Bian D, Tong Z, Gong G, Huang H, Fang L, Yang H, Gu W, Yu H, Zheng Y. Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Molybdenum - From Powder to Vascular Stent. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401614. [PMID: 38837830 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium, iron, and zinc-based biodegradable metals are widely recognized as promising candidate materials for the next generation of bioresorbable stent (BVS). However, none of those metal BVSs are perfect at this stage. Here, a brand-new BVS based on a novel biodegradable metal (Molybdenum, Mo) through additive manufacturing is developed. Nearly full-dense and crack-free thin-wall Mo is directly manufactured through selective laser melting (SLM) with fine Mo powder. Systemic analyses considering the forming quality, wall-thickness, microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation behaviors are performed. Then, Mo-based thin-strut (≤ 100 µm) stents are successfully obtained through an optimized single-track laser melting route. The SLMed thin-wall Mo owns comparable strength to its Mg and Zn based counterparts (as-drawn), while, it exhibits remarkable biocompatibility in vitro. Vessel related cells are well adhered and spread on SLMed Mo, and it exhibits a low risk of hemolysis and thrombus. The SLMed stent is compatible to vessel tissues in rat abdominal aorta, and it can provide sufficient support in an animal model as an extravascular stent. This work possibly opens a new era of manufacturing Mo-based stents through additive manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bian
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhipei Tong
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Gencheng Gong
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Liudang Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wenda Gu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Vellaparambil R, Han WS, Di Giovanni P, Avril S. Experimental validation of auxetic stent designs: three-point bending of 3D printed Titanium prototypes. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:1388207. [PMID: 38770028 PMCID: PMC11102953 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1388207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Numerical simulations have demonstrated the superior bending flexibility of auxetic stents compared to conventional stent designs for endovascular procedures. However, conventional stent manufacturing techniques struggle to produce complex auxetic stent designs, fueling the adoption of additive manufacturing techniques. Methods In this study, we employed DMLS additive manufacturing to create Titanium Ti64 alloy stent prototypes based on auxetic stent designs investigated in a previous study. These prototypes were then subjected to experimental three-point bending tests. Result The experimental results were replicated using a finite element model, which showed remarkable accuracy in predicting the bending flexibility of four auxetic stents and two conventional stents. Discussion Although this validation study demonstrates the promising potential of DMLS and other additive manufacturing methods for fabricating auxetic stents, further optimization of current stent design limitations and the incorporation of post-processing techniques are essential to enhance the reliability of these additive manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vellaparambil
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1059, Saint-Etienne, France
- Research and Development Department, HSL S.R.L, Trento, Italy
| | - Woo-Suck Han
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1059, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Stéphane Avril
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1059, Saint-Etienne, France
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Vernon MJ, Mela P, Dilley RJ, Jansen S, Doyle BJ, Ihdayhid AR, De-Juan-Pardo EM. 3D printing of heart valves. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:612-630. [PMID: 38238246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
3D printing technologies have the potential to revolutionize the manufacture of heart valves through the ability to create bespoke, complex constructs. In light of recent technological advances, we review the progress made towards 3D printing of heart valves, focusing on studies that have utilised these technologies beyond manufacturing patient-specific moulds. We first overview the key requirements of a heart valve to assess functionality. We then present the 3D printing technologies used to engineer heart valves. By referencing International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) Standard 5840 (Cardiovascular implants - Cardiac valve prostheses), we provide insight into the achieved functionality of these valves. Overall, 3D printing promises to have a significant positive impact on the creation of artificial heart valves and potentially unlock full complex functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Vernon
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Petra Mela
- Medical Materials and Implants, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering and TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shirley Jansen
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Heart and Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Barry J Doyle
- Vascular Engineering Laboratory, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Abdul R Ihdayhid
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Elena M De-Juan-Pardo
- T3mPLATE, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre and University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
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Tian X, Chen Y, Pan S, Lan H, Cheng L. Enhanced in-stent luminal visualization and restenosis diagnosis in coronary computed tomography angiography via coronary stent decomposition algorithm from dual-energy image. Comput Biol Med 2024; 171:108128. [PMID: 38342047 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Stent implantation is a principal therapeutic approach for coronary artery diseases. Nonetheless, the presence of stents significantly interferes with in-stent luminal (ISL) visualization and complicates the diagnosis of in-stent restenosis (ISR), thereby increasing the risk of misdiagnoses and underdiagnoses in coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Dual-energy (DE) CT could calculate the volume fraction for voxels from low- and high-energy images (LHEI) and provide information on specific three basic materials. In this study, the innovative coronary stent decomposition algorithm (CSDA) was developed from the DECT three materials decomposition (TMD), through spectral simulation to determine the scan and attenuation coefficient for the stent, and preliminary execution for an in vitro sophisticated polyether ether ketone (PEEK) 3D-printed right coronary artery (RCA) replica. Furthermore, the whole-coronary-artery replica with multi-stent implantation, the RCA replica with mimetic plaque embedded, and two patients with stent further validated the effectiveness of CSDA. Post-CSDA images manifested no weakened attenuation values, no elevated noise values, and maintained anatomical integrity in the coronary lumen. The stents were effectively removed, allowing for the ISL and ISR to be clearly visualized with a discrepancy in diameters within 10%. We believe that CSDA presents a promising solution for enhancing CCTA diagnostic accuracy post-stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China.
| | - Yunbing Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China
| | - Sancong Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China
| | - Honglin Lan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, 048000, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Bernini M, Hellmuth R, O'Sullivan M, Dunlop C, McKenna CG, Lucchetti A, Gries T, Ronan W, Vaughan TJ. Shape-Setting of Self-Expanding Nickel-Titanium Laser-Cut and Wire-Braided Stents to Introduce a Helical Ridge. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2024:10.1007/s13239-024-00717-2. [PMID: 38315312 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-024-00717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered hemodynamics caused by the presence of an endovascular device may undermine the success of peripheral stenting procedures. Flow-enhanced stent designs are under investigation to recover physiological blood flow patterns in the treated artery and reduce long-term complications. However, flow-enhanced designs require the development of customised manufacturing processes that consider the complex behaviour of Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti). While the manufacturing routes of traditional self-expanding Ni-Ti stents are well-established, the process to introduce alternative stent designs is rarely reported in the literature, with much of this information (especially related to shape-setting step) being commercially sensitive and not reaching the public domain, as yet. METHODS A reliable manufacturing method was developed and improved to induce a helical ridge onto laser-cut and wire-braided Nickel-Titanium self-expanding stents. The process consisted of fastening the stent into a custom-built fixture that provided the helical shape, which was followed by a shape-setting in air furnace and rapid quenching in cold water. The parameters employed for the shape-setting in air furnace were thoroughly explored, and their effects assessed in terms of the mechanical performance of the device, material transformation temperatures and surface finishing. RESULTS Both stents were successfully imparted with a helical ridge and the optimal heat treatment parameters combination was found. The settings of 500 °C/30 min provided mechanical properties comparable with the original design, and transformation temperatures suitable for stenting applications (Af = 23.5 °C). Microscopy analysis confirmed that the manufacturing process did not alter the surface finishing. Deliverability testing showed the helical device could be loaded onto a catheter delivery system and deployed with full recovery of the expanded helical configuration. CONCLUSION This demonstrates the feasibility of an additional heat treatment regime to allow for helical shape-setting of laser-cut and wire-braided devices that may be applied to further designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bernini
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Vascular Flow Technologies, Dundee, UK
| | - Rudolf Hellmuth
- Vascular Flow Technologies, Dundee, UK
- Division of Imaging and Science Technology, School of Medicine, Dundee, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ciara G McKenna
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Agnese Lucchetti
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institut für Textiltechnik of RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - William Ronan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J Vaughan
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Wang Q, Huang S, Miao J, Chen Z, Li H, Zhao L, Yuan J. Impact of inverse unequal height strut structure on the functional performance of an additively manufactured cardiovascular stent. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106058. [PMID: 37549521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) has been investigated as an innovative method to manufacture stents due to its capability in producing complex and customized structures. In this paper, the cardiovascular stents of M-type and N-type with inverse unequal height strut structure and N-type with equal height strut structure were designed and manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM). Following surface polishing, balloon expansion, plane compression and three-point bending experiments were carried out to evaluate the mechanical performance of the stent. The stents designed with inverse unequal height strut structure showed higher radial support performance and lower radial recoil when compared to the stents with uniform design. This study proved the feasibility of SLM in rapid manufacturing of cardiovascular stents that can be used for performance evaluation in design stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Suxia Huang
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingtao Miao
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Zhiang Chen
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
| | - Hezong Li
- School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Industrial Equipment Technology of Hebei Province, Handan, 056038, China.
| | - Liguo Zhao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Jiangyong Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, 056001, China
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Hu Q, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ramalingam M. Preparation and Characterization of Nano-Silver-Loaded Antibacterial Membrane via Coaxial Electrospinning. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:419. [PMID: 37754170 PMCID: PMC10526647 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The coaxial electrospinning process has been widely used in the biomedical field, and its process parameters affect product quality seriously. In this paper, the influence of key process parameters of coaxial electrostatic spinning (solution concentration, electrospinning voltage, acceptance distance and liquid supply velocity) on the preparation of a membrane with Chitosan, Polyethylene oxide and nano-silver as the core layer and Polycaprolactone as the shell layer was studied. The optimal combination of key process parameters was obtained by using an orthogonal test, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and macro-characterization diagram. The results showed that the coaxial electrospun membrane had good mechanical properties (tensile strength is about 2.945 Mpa), hydrophilicity (the water contact angle is about 72.28°) and non-cytotoxicity, which was conducive to cell adhesion and proliferation. The coaxial electrospun membrane with nano-silver has an obvious inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In summary, the coaxial electrospun membrane that we produced is expected to be used in clinical medicine, such as vascular stent membranes and bionic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Q.H.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhenwei Huang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Q.H.); (Z.H.)
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (Q.H.); (Z.H.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain;
- Joint Research Laboratory (JRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Kozior T, Ehrmann A. First Proof-of-Principle of PolyJet 3D Printing on Textile Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3536. [PMID: 37688162 PMCID: PMC10489880 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Possibilities of direct 3D printing on textile fabrics have been investigated with increasing intensity during the last decade, leading to composites which can combine the positive properties of both parts, i.e., the fast production and lateral strength of textile fabrics with the flexural strength and point-wise definable properties of 3D printed parts. These experiments, however, were mostly performed using fused deposition modeling (FDM), which is an inexpensive and broadly available technique, but which suffers from the high viscosity of the molten polymers, often impeding a form-locking connection between polymer and textile fibers. One study reported stereolithography (SLA) to be usable for direct printing on textile fabrics, but this technique suffers from the problem that the textile material is completely soaked in resin during 3D printing. Combining the advantages of FDM (material application only at defined positions) and SLA (low-viscous resin which can easily flow into a textile fabric) is possible with PolyJet modeling (PJM) printing. Here, we report the first proof-of-principle of PolyJet printing on textile fabrics. We show that PJM printing with a common resin on different textile fabrics leads to adhesion forces according to DIN 53530 in the range of 30-35 N, which is comparable with the best adhesion forces yet reported for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing with rigid polymers on textile fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kozior
- Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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