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Ghosh SK, Walocha JA. Evolution of staining methods in neuroanatomy: Impetus for emanation of neuron doctrine during the turn of 20th century. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38523436 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system is distinctive as compared to other tissue systems in human body owing to intricate structural organization. Histological studies played a key role in unveiling complex details of nervous tissue. However, the process of developing suitable staining method for nerve cells was arduous and spanned across almost half a century. The present study explored details of the journey involving quest for propitious staining method in neuroanatomy culminating in promulgation of neuron doctrine at the onset of 20th century. Initial efforts involving hematoxylin (including its diverse modifications) and subsequent adoption of analogous dye-based stains (like Nissl's method) had limited success in visualization of different parts of a nerve cell and structural details of nervous tissue. This was due to inability of dye-based stains to penetrate the connective tissue sheath of nervous tissue. Eventually, advent of metallic stains in form of silver impregnation method (Golgi stain), reduced silver impregnation method with gold stain (Cajal's stain) and silver carbonate staining method of Río-Hortega unraveled the structure of nervous tissue. The evolution of staining methods catalyzed the refinement of theories pertinent to constitution of nervous tissue. Golgi's staining led to emergence of reticular theory (neurons exist as a network) and Nissl's staining was the basis of the concept of Nervösen Grau (nerve cells and glial cells are embedded in mass of gray matter). Finally, Cajal's staining method successfully elucidated the complex anatomy of nerve terminals and resulted in emanation of neuron doctrine (neurons exists as individual units with adjacent connections).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Jerzy A Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Hortsch M, Koney NKK, Oommen AM, Yohannan DG, Li Y, de Melo Leite ACR, Girão-Carmona VCC. Virtual Microscopy Goes Global: The Images Are Virtual and the Problems Are Real. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1421:79-124. [PMID: 37524985 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30379-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
For the last two centuries, the scholarly education of histology and pathology has been based on technology, initially on the availability of low-cost, high-quality light microscopes, and more recently on the introduction of computers and e-learning approaches to biomedical education. Consequently, virtual microscopy (VM) is replacing glass slides and the traditional light microscope as the main instruments of instruction in histology and pathology laboratories. However, as with most educational changes, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with a new technology. The use of VM for the teaching of histology and pathology requires an extensive infrastructure and the availability of computing devices to all learners, both posing a considerable financial strain on schools and students. Furthermore, there may be valid reasons for practicing healthcare professionals to maintain competency in using light microscopes. In addition, some educators may be reluctant to embrace new technologies. These are some of the reasons why the introduction of VM as an integral part of histology and pathology instruction has been globally uneven. This paper compares the teaching of histology and pathology using traditional or VM in five different countries and their adjacent regions, representing developed, as well as developing areas of the globe. We identify general and local roadblocks to the introduction of this still-emerging didactic technology and outline solutions for overcoming these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hortsch
- Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology and of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nii Koney-Kwaku Koney
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Aswathy Maria Oommen
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Doris George Yohannan
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pervaiz M, Sadiq S, Sadiq A, Younas U, Ashraf A, Saeed Z, Zuber M, Adnan A. Azo-Schiff base derivatives of transition metal complexes as antimicrobial agents. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang JF, Zhao CM, Yang JX, He X, Li XL, Li JM, Wang KR. Selective sensing of DNA and live/dead cells and histological imaging based on a perylene derivative. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2776-2779. [PMID: 33596281 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00145k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A mannose-modified perylene monoimide derivative PMI-Man was developed, which shows highly selective binding to double-stranded DNA molecules, potent live/dead cell imaging, and histological imaging via both confocal and light microscopies. This approach can be used to develop a universal colorful staining method for human tissues for both confocal and light microscopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Miao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Xing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xu He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Liu Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Central Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Ke-Rang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, P. R. China
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Macedo ND, Buzin AR, de Araujo IBBA, Nogueira BV, de Andrade TU, Endringer DC, Lenz D. Objective detection of apoptosis in rat renal tissue sections using light microscopy and free image analysis software with subsequent machine learning: Detection of apoptosis in renal tissue. Tissue Cell 2016; 49:22-27. [PMID: 28073590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study proposes an automated machine learning approach for the quantification of cells in cell death pathways according to DNA fragmentation. METHODS A total of 17 images of kidney histological slide samples from male Wistar rats were used. The slides were photographed using an Axio Zeiss Vert.A1 microscope with a 40x objective lens coupled with an Axio Cam MRC Zeiss camera and Zen 2012 software. The images were analyzed using CellProfiler (version 2.1.1) and CellProfiler Analyst open-source software. RESULTS Out of the 10,378 objects, 4970 (47,9%) were identified as TUNEL positive, and 5408 (52,1%) were identified as TUNEL negative. On average, the sensitivity and specificity values of the machine learning approach were 0.80 and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSION Image cytometry provides a quantitative analytical alternative to the more traditional qualitative methods more commonly used in studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayana Damiani Macedo
- Masters Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Aline Rodrigues Buzin
- Masters Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bastos Binotti Abreu de Araujo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Curav-Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Lenz
- Masters Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
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Environmental Friendly Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity Against Diazo Dye to Sustain the Natural Source. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ljubas D, Smoljanić G, Juretić H. Degradation of Methyl Orange and Congo Red dyes by using TiO2 nanoparticles activated by the solar and the solar-like radiation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 161:83-91. [PMID: 26160663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study we used TiO2 nanoparticles as semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Congo Red (CR) dyes in an aqueous solution. Since TiO2 particles become photocatalytically active by UV radiation, two sources of UV-A radiation were used - natural solar radiation which contains 3-5% UV-A and artificial, solar-like radiation, created by using a lamp. The optimal doses of TiO2 of 500 mg/L for the CR and 1500 mg/L for the MO degradation were determined in experiments with the lamp and were also used in degradation experiments with natural solar light. The efficiency of each process was determined by measuring the absorbance at two visible wavelengths, 466 nm for MO and 498 nm for CR, and the total organic carbon (TOC), i.e. decolorization and mineralization, respectively. In both cases, considerable potential for the degradation of CR and MO was observed - total decolorization of the solution was achieved within 30-60 min, while the TOC removal was in the range 60-90%. CR and MO solutions irradiated without TiO2 nanoparticles showed no observable changes in either decolorization or mineralization. Three different commercially available TiO2 nanoparticles were used: pure-phase anatase, pure-phase rutile, and mixed-phase preparation named Degussa P25. In terms of degradation kinetics, P25 TiO2 exhibited a photocatalytic activity superior to that of pure-phase anatase or rutile. The electric energy consumption per gram of removed TOC was determined. For nearly the same degradation effect, the consumption in the natural solar radiation experiment was more than 60 times lower than in the artificial solar-like radiation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Ljubas
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Smoljanić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Juretić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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MAGLIARO C, TIRELLA A, MATTEI G, PIRONE A, AHLUWALIA A. HisTOOLogy: an open-source tool for quantitative analysis of histological sections. J Microsc 2015; 260:260-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. MAGLIARO
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. TIRELLA
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC); National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Pisa Italy
| | - G. MATTEI
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. PIRONE
- Department of Veterinary Science; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | - A. AHLUWALIA
- Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’; Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC); National Research Council of Italy (CNR); Pisa Italy
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Riva MA, Manzoni M, Isimbaldi G, Cesana G, Pagni F. Histochemistry: historical development and current use in pathology. Biotech Histochem 2013; 89:81-90. [PMID: 23957702 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2013.822559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the history of the histochemical stains that contributed most to the development of modern pathology during the last two centuries. Histochemical stains are presented in a list, which provides the essential information about year, country and main use of each to enable the reader to follow the chronological and geographical history of histochemistry. In addition to the historical evaluation of histochemistry development, we investigate how many classical histochemical stains survive in a modern laboratory of pathology and how often they are used for diagnostic practice compared to immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. A ratio of about one histochemical reaction to 13 IHC reactions was tabulated. Finally, our data make it possible to define different cultural approaches to the terminology of histochemical and IHC stains: the former were based on eponyms, which link the stain with the name of its inventor, while the latter use a more impersonal biological terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Riva
- Section of History of Medicine, Research Centre on Public Health
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Levenson RM, Fornari A, Loda M. Multispectral imaging and pathology: seeing and doing more. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:1067-81. [PMID: 23495926 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.9.1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current appreciation of the biological complexity of disease has led to increasing demands on pathologists to provide clinically relevant, quantitative morphological and molecular information while preserving cellular and tissue context. This can be technically challenging, especially when signals of interest are colocalized. With fluorescence-based methods, sensitivity and quantitative reliability may be compromised by spectral cross-talk between labels and by autofluorescence. In brightfield microscopy, overlapping chromogenic signals pose similar imaging difficulties. APPROACH These challenges can be addressed using commercially available multispectral imaging technologies attached to standard microscope platforms, or alternatively, integrated into whole-slide scanning instruments. ASSESSMENT Multispectral techniques, along with other developments in digital analysis, will allow pathologists to deliver appropriate quantitative and multiplexed analyses in a reproducible and timely manner. Caveats apply - as the complexity of the sample preparation and analysis components increases, commensurate attention must be paid to the use of appropriate controls for all stages of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Levenson
- CRI, 35B Cabot Road, Woburn, MA 01801, USA +1 781 935 9099, ext. 204 ; +1 781 935 3388 ;
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Machado-Silva JR, Neves RH, Gomes DC. Schistosoma mansoni specimens first described by Pirajá da Silva in Brazil (1908) re-examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2011; 44:331-3. [PMID: 21552742 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822011005000027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pirajá da Silva made a seminal contribution to helminthology by demonstrating both schistosome eggs in feces of patients from the State of Bahia and the morphology of Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. METHODS In this study, a microscopic investigation of the whole-mounts deposited at the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute is presented. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used as the main investigation technique. RESULTS At the anterior end of the adult male, suckers with well-developed musculature and germinative cells inside the testicular lobes were observed, as well as spines located in the mid region of the male gynecophoric canal. Tegumental tubercles and transversal and longitudinal muscular bundles were observed at the dorsal surface. The female reproductive system presented a uterus lacking eggs and an elongated ovary with germinative cells. The vitellaria were restricted to the extreme posterior end of each female connected to a short vitelline duct. CONCLUSIONS The results reported in this study demonstrate that the characteristic studied here are similar to those previously reported, using fresh worms. Moreover, this study also highlights the importance of deposits of specimens in helminthological collections, which further permit revisiting whole-mounts in such institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Laboratório Romero Lascasas Porto, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro Biomédico, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
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Baptista MS, Wainwright M. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) for the treatment of malaria, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 44:1-10. [PMID: 21152709 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A photodynamic effect occurs when photosensitiser molecules absorb light and dissipate the absorbed energy by transferring it to biological acceptors (usually oxygen), generating an excess of reactive species that are able to force cells into death pathways. Several tropical diseases present physiopathological aspects that are accessible to the application of a photosensitiser and local illumination. In addition, disease may be transmitted through infected blood donations, and many of the aetiological agents associated with tropical diseases have been shown to be susceptible to the photodynamic approach. However, there has been no systematic investigation of the application of photoantimicrobial agents in the various presentations, whether to human disease or to the disinfection of blood products or even as photo-insecticides. We aim in this review to report the advances in the photoantimicrobial approach that are beneficial to the field of anti-parasite therapy and also have the potential to facilitate the development of low-cost/high-efficiency protocols for underserved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Baptista
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Coleman R. Acta Histochem 2010; 112:199-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Photocatalytic decolorization kinetics of diazo dye Congo Red aqueous solution by UV/TiO2 nanoparticles. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-009-0098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Coleman R. Eponyms in histology and histochemistry: do they still serve a purpose, or should they be abandoned in favor of standard non-eponymous terminology? Acta Histochem 2006; 108:241-2. [PMID: 16824586 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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