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Yang J, Hu Z, Zhang L, Peng B. Predicting Drugs Suspected of Causing Adverse Drug Reactions Using Graph Features and Attention Mechanisms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:822. [PMID: 39065673 PMCID: PMC11279999 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) refer to an unintended harmful reaction that occurs after the administration of a medication for therapeutic purposes, which is unrelated to the intended pharmacological action of the drug. In the United States, ADRs account for 6% of all hospital admissions annually. The cost of ADR-related illnesses in 2016 was estimated at USD 528.4 billion. Increasing the awareness of ADRs is an effective measure to prevent them. Assessing suspected drugs in adverse events helps to enhance the awareness of ADRs. METHODS In this study, a suspect drug assisted judgment model (SDAJM) is designed to identify suspected drugs in adverse events. This framework utilizes the graph isomorphism network (GIN) and an attention mechanism to extract features based on patients' demographic information, drug information, and ADR information. RESULTS By comparing it with other models, the results of various tests show that this model performs well in predicting the suspected drugs in adverse reaction events. ADR signal detection was conducted on a group of cardiovascular system drugs, and case analyses were performed on two classic drugs, Mexiletine and Captopril, as well as on two classic antithyroid drugs. The results indicate that the model can accomplish the task of predicting drug ADRs. Validation using benchmark datasets from ten drug discovery domains shows that the model is applicable to classification tasks on the Tox21 and SIDER datasets. CONCLUSIONS This study applies deep learning methods to construct the SDAJM model for three purposes: (1) identifying drugs suspected to cause adverse drug events (ADEs), (2) predicting the ADRs of drugs, and (3) other drug discovery tasks. The results indicate that this method can offer new directions for research in the field of ADRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bin Peng
- College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China; (J.Y.); (Z.H.); (L.Z.)
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2
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Fazioli JC, Mulligan MK, Ison EK, Pasternak JA. Impact of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on postnatal swine. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16007. [PMID: 38658325 PMCID: PMC11043046 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate metabolic rate, nutrient utilization, growth, and development. Swine are susceptible to thyroid suppression in response to disease or environmental conditions, but the physiological impact of such disruption has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of hypothyroidism induced with the antithyroid medication methimazole (MMI). 10 mg/kg MMI significantly decreased circulating triiodothyronine (T3) for the duration of treatment but had only a transient effect on circulating thyroxine (T4). Thyroid tissue weight was significantly increased by more than 3.5-fold in response to MMI treatment. Histologically, the eosinophilic colloid was largely absent from the thyroid follicle which displayed a disorganized columnar epithelium consistent with goiter. MMI induced hypothyroidism has no effect on growth rate over 28 days. Hepatic expression of genes associated with thyroid metabolism (DIO1, DIO2, and DIO3), lipid utilization (CD36, FASN, and ACACA), apoptosis (TP53, PERP, SIVA1, and SFN) and proliferation (CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and CDKN1A) were unaffected by treatment. Collectively these results demonstrate that MMI induces mild systemic hypothyroidism and pronounced goiter, indicating a strong homeostatic central regulation within the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis. This combined with limited peripheral effects, indicates resilience to hypothyroidism in modern swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Fazioli
- Department of Animal SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | | | - Erin K. Ison
- Department of Animal SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - J. Alex Pasternak
- Department of Animal SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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3
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Fei C, Liu L, Qi H, Peng Y, Han J, Wang C, Li X. Curdlan-Decorated Fullerenes Mitigate Immune-Mediated Hepatic Injury for Autoimmune Hepatitis Therapeutics via Reducing Macrophage Infiltration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5536-5547. [PMID: 38267397 PMCID: PMC10860698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a severe immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease whose standard of care is immunosuppressive treatment with inevitable undesired outcomes. Macrophage is acknowledged to aggravate liver damage, providing a promising AIH therapeutic target. Accordingly, in this study, a kind of curdlan-decorated fullerene nanoparticle (Cur-F) is fabricated to alleviate immune-mediated hepatic injury for treating AIH via reducing macrophage infiltration in a concanavalin A (Con A)-induced AIH mouse model. After intravenous administration, Cur-F primarily distributes in liver tissues, efficiently eliminates the excessive reactive oxygen species, significantly attenuates oxidative stress, and subsequently suppresses the nuclear factor kappa-B-gene binding (NF-κB) signal pathway, resulting in the lowered production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the balancing of the immune homeostasis with the prevention of macrophage infiltration in the liver. The regulation of hepatic inflammation contributes to inhibiting inflammatory cytokines-induced hepatocyte apoptosis, decreasing the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents and thus ameliorating immune-mediated hepatic injury. Notably, there is no detectable toxicity to the body. Our findings may open up novel avenues for AIH based on curdlan and fullerene materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Fei
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hedong Qi
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuyang Peng
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfen Han
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner
Mongolia University, Inner
Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Wang Z, Haange SB, Haake V, Huisinga M, Kamp H, Buesen R, Schubert K, Canzler S, Hackermüller J, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Bergen MV. Assessing the Influence of Propylthiouracil and Phenytoin on the Metabolomes of the Thyroid, Liver, and Plasma in Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:847. [PMID: 37512556 PMCID: PMC10383188 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The thyroid hormones (THs) regulate various physiological mechanisms in mammals, such as cellular metabolism, cell structure, and membrane transport. The therapeutic drugs propylthiouracil (PTU) and phenytoin are known to induce hypothyroidism and decrease blood thyroid hormone levels. To analyze the impact of these two drugs on systemic metabolism, we focused on metabolic changes after treatment. Therefore, in a rat model, the metabolome of thyroid and liver tissue as well as from the blood plasma, after 2-week and 4-week administration of the drugs and after a following 2-week recovery phase, was investigated using targeted LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. Both drugs were tested at a low dose and a high dose. We observed decreases in THs plasma levels, and higher doses of the drugs were associated with a high decrease in TH levels. PTU administration had a more pronounced effect on TH levels than phenytoin. Both drugs had little or no influence on the metabolomes at low doses. Only PTU exhibited apparent metabolome alterations at high doses, especially concerning lipids. In plasma, acylcarnitines and triglycerides were detected at decreased levels than in the controls after 2- and 4-week exposure to the drug, while sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines were observed at increased levels. Interestingly, in the thyroid tissue, triglycerides were observed at increased concentrations in the 2-week exposure group to PTU, which was not observed in the 4-week exposure group and in the 4-week exposure group followed by the 2-week recovery group, suggesting an adaptation by the thyroid tissue. In the liver, no metabolites were found to have significantly changed. After the recovery phase, the thyroid, liver, and plasma metabolomic profiles showed little or no differences from the controls. In conclusion, although there were significant changes observed in several plasma metabolites in PTU/Phenytoin exposure groups, this study found that only PTU exposure led to adaptation-dependent changes in thyroid metabolites but did not affect hepatic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Bastiaan Haange
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Haake
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Huisinga
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Hennicke Kamp
- BASF Metabolome Solutions GmbH, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Buesen
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Canzler
- Department of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Hackermüller
- Department of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Hegazy W, Sakr HI, Abdul Hamid M, Abdelaziz MA, Salah M, Abdel Rehiem ES, Abdel Moneim A. Hesperidin Attenuates Hypothyroidism-Induced Lung Damage in Adult Albino Rats by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Pathway, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Inflammatory Cytokines. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1570. [PMID: 37371665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of worsening pulmonary function has been connected to hypothyroidism (HPO). Hesperidin (HES) was suggested to have antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory potential. Our study's objective was to determine whether HES could reduce carbimazole (CBZ)-induced lung injury more effectively than Eltroxin (ELT) in adult male albino rats or not. At random, 32 rats were distributed into four groups: Group I: normal control, to induce HPO, the remaining three groups were given CBZ (20 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water for 1 week. They were then split up into three groups. Group II: orally administered CBZ (20 mg/kg b.w in water/day), Group III: HES (200 mg/kg/day) dissolved in 1% carboxymethyl-cellulose + CBZ treated, and Group IV: ELT (0.045 mg/kg/day) dissolved in distilled water + CBZ treated. All treatments were delivered for 12 weeks. Blood was collected to assess thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones (THs). Lung injury was evaluated based on the pulmonary content of interleukin (IL)-35, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), along with the estimation of lipid peroxidation, catalase, glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study of nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), together with estimating the proliferation of cells using Antigen Ki-67 in lung tissue were performed. HES and ELT primarily suppressed variable lung damage mechanisms by suppressing TSH, the NF-κB/TNF-α pathway, iNOS, lipid peroxidation, Ki-67, and inflammatory mediators. On the other hand, they improved THs, antioxidant parameters, and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. HES and ELT exhibited an ameliorative effect that was reflected in the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural results. These results indicate that HES is a pneumoprotective agent that could be a promising treatment for oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hegazy
- Histology Division, Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Medicine Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Abdul Hamid
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Marwa Salah
- Cell Biology, Histology and Genetics Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Eman S Abdel Rehiem
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St., Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
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6
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Hosseini M, Behehsti F, Marefati N, Anaeigoudari A. Nano-selenium relieved hepatic and renal oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15682. [PMID: 37144592 PMCID: PMC10161204 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothyroidism can induce oxidative stress. Nano-selenium (Nano Sel) has antioxidant effects. The current research explored Nano Sel effects on hepatic and renal oxidative damage induced by hypothyroidism in rats. Animals were grouped into (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) group which received water mixed with 0.05% of PTU; (3) PTU-Nano Sel 50; (4) PTU-Nano Sel 100; and (5) PTU-Nano Sel 150. Besides PTU, the PTU-Nano Sel groups were treated with 50, 100, or 150 μg/kg of Nano Sel intraperitoneally. Treatments were done for 6 weeks. The serum level of T4, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol concentration and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hepatic and renal tissues also were checked. Hypothyroidism induced by PTU significantly increased AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, BUN, and MDA concentration and noticeably reduced albumin, total protein, total thiol level, and SOD and CAT activity. Administration of Nano Sel ameliorated the adverse effects of hypothyroidism on liver and kidney function. Nano Sel applied protective effects against hepatic and renal damage resulting from hypothyroidism via ameliorating the oxidative stress status. More cellular and molecular experiments need to be done to understand the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Behehsti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Narges Marefati
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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7
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Protective Effect of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Methimazole Induced Oxidative Stress in a Feline Kidney Epithelial Cell Line (CRFK). Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100220. [PMID: 34679050 PMCID: PMC8541200 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of choice for feline hyperthyroidism is the administration of the antithyroid drug methimazole. Both the endocrinopathy and the drug adverse reactions (e.g., hepatotoxicosis, gastrointestinal disorders, and renal injury) are partly due to oxidative stress and redox unbalance. This study investigated the free radical production and the impairment of the antioxidant barrier induced by methimazole in an in vitro model of feline renal epithelium. The protective effects of quercetin and resveratrol were also explored. CRFK cells were incubated with a methimazole concentration equivalent to the maximum plasma levels in orally treated cats (4 µM), in the presence or absence of either one of the two selected antioxidants at different time-points (up to 72 h). Cell viability, ROS production, GSH levels, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST) were assessed. Methimazole impaired cell viability and increased ROS levels in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, GSH content and CAT, SOD, and GPx3 expression were higher compared with control cells. Such effects were significantly counteracted by quercetin. These results provide new insights about the mechanisms underlying the methimazole-related side effects frequently observed in hyperthyroid cats. They also support the use of quercetin in the management of feline hyperthyroidism.
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Feng J, Hao Z, Zhang X, Li M, zhong W, Zhang C, Gharawi A, Alrashood ST, Khan HA. Effect of thiamazole on kainic acid-induced seizures in mice. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1840-1846. [PMID: 33732070 PMCID: PMC7938111 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA) induced epileptic seizures in mice is a commonly used experimental model of epilepsy. Previous studies have suggested the roles of various neurotransmitters and oxidative stress in KA-induced seizures. An important role of hypothyroidism has also been suggested in epilepsy. Thiamazole (TZ) is an anti-hyperthyroid drug with antioxidant property. This study reports the effect of TZ on KA-induced epileptic seizures in mice, produced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of KA (18 mg/kg). Prior to KA injection, the animals were treated with TZ (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg IP). Our results showed that in KA alone group, about half of the animals developed seizures. Pre-treatment of mice with TZ significantly increased the frequency of seizures in dose-dependent manner. Administration of TZ significantly reduced the latency time and aggravated the severity of seizures. TZ also increased the mortality in KA-treated mice. Striatal dopamine and serotonin levels were markedly increased in KA alone treated mice, which were not significantly affected by TZ treatment. Among the indices of oxidative stress, we observed a significant reduction in cerebral vitamin E whereas the levels of cerebral malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes were significantly increased in animals with high severity of seizures. In conclusion, TZ potentiated the frequency and severity of experimental seizure in mice. There is a possibility of altered metabolism of KA in presence of TZ that might have potentiated the toxicity of KA. These findings suggest a caution while administering anti-hyperthyroid drugs in epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zheng Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of ICU, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Mingxia Li
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, Hunan 418000, China
| | - Wuzhao zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchang 334 Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330024, China
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University (Joint Laboratory for Neuroscience, Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China.
| | - Ali Gharawi
- Department of Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara T. Alrashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sun J, Zhao F, Lin B, Feng J, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhu B, Wei Y. Gut Microbiota Participates in Antithyroid Drug Induced Liver Injury Through the Lipopolysaccharide Related Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:598170. [PMID: 33390986 PMCID: PMC7774100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drugs can alter the gut microbiota structure, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in turn is correlated with drug side effects through the intestinal endotoxemia hypothesis. Whether antithyroid drugs (including methimazole and propylthiouracil) cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and whether the gut microbiota is correlated with antithyroid drugs induced liver injury is unknown. Methods: Initial Graves’ disease patients were randomly divided into the methimazole group (n = 20) and the propylthiouracil group (n = 20) and were followed up every 2 weeks; 50 healthy controls were also included. The structure and function of gut microbiota were compared from the cross sectional and longitudinal levels. The correlation between the gut microbiota and clinical parameters was also determined. In addition, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allotted into six groups, including four drug groups, which received daily doses of methimazole (1.5 mg/kg/day; 2.5 mg/kg/day) or propylthiouracil (7.5 mg/kg/day; 12.5 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage, and two control groups received the vehicle. In addition to the indexes mentioned above, intestinal barrier-related indexes were also performed. Results: Cross sectional and longitudinal comparison results from both clinical trials and animal studies indicate that antithyroid drugs altered gut microbiota structure; and the liver function related indexes all increased which correlated with gut microbiota. In addition, lipopolysaccharide-related pathways and the lipopolysaccharide concentration in feces and serum all increased after antithyroid drugs administration. These results consistent with the destroyed intestinal barrier in animal study after antithyroid drugs administration. Conclusion: We verified that antithyroid drugs altered gut microbiota structure and that the gut microbiota may in turn be correlated with antithyroid drugs-induced liver injury through the intestinal endotoxemia hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Sun
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baiqiang Lin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Biqiang Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Identification and characterization of miRNA expression profiles across five tissues in giant panda. Gene 2020; 769:145206. [PMID: 33059030 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) is a small endogenous noncoding RNA molecule that plays multiple roles in regulating most biological processes. However, for China's national treasure giant panda, a world-famous rare and protected species, reports of its miRNA have been found only in blood and breast milk. To explore the miRNA expression differences between different giant panda tissues, here, we generated the miRNA profiles of five tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney) from four giant pandas with Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform, and filtered the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) in each tissue, predicted the target genes of miRNA from each tissue based on the DEmiRs. Then, the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were conducted using the target genes predicted from DEmiRs in each tissue. The RNA-seq generated an average of 0.718 GB base per sample. A total of 1,256 known miRNAs and 12 novel miRNAs were identified, and there were 215, 131, 185, 83, and 126 tissue-specific DEmiRs filtered in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively, including miR-1b-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-143, miR-126-5p, and miR-10b-5p, respectively. The predicted target genes, including MYL2, LRP5, MIF, CFD, and PEBP1 in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney, respectively, were closely associated with tissue-specific biological functions. The enrichment analysis results of target genes showed tissue-specific characteristics, such as the significantly enriched GO terms extracellular matrix in the heart and insulin-like growth factor binding in the liver. The miRNA profiles of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of giant panda have been reported in this study, it reveals the miRNA expression differences between different tissues of the giant panda, and provides valuable genetic resources for the further related molecular genetic research of the rare and protected species giant panda and other mammals.
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Singh S, Somvanshi RK, Panda V, Kumar U. Comparative distribution of somatostatin and somatostatin receptors in PTU-induced hypothyroidism. Endocrine 2020; 70:92-106. [PMID: 32335798 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism is a well-established model for assessing hormonal and morphological changes in thyroid as well as other central and peripheral tissues. Somatostatin (SST) is known to regulate hormonal secretion and synthesis in endocrine tissues; however, nothing is currently known about the distribution of SST and its receptor in hypothyroidism. METHOD In the present study, the comparative immunohistochemical distribution of SST and somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) were analyzed in PTU-induced hypothyroid rats. Rats were treated with PTU for 15 days followed by a co-administration of levothyroxine (LVT) for 15 days. After PTU and LVT treatments (day 30), rats were further administered LVT alone for 15 more days (day 45). The subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes was determined by peroxidase immunohistochemistry in the thyroid gland collected from control and treated rats. RESULTS SST and SSTR subtypes were found to be moderately expressed in control thyroid tissues. SST and SSTR subtypes like immunoreactivity increased significantly in follicular and parafollicular epithelial cells in the thyroid of PTU-treated rats. The PTU-induced changes in the expression of SST and SSTR subtypes were suppressed by the administration of the LVT. In addition to thyroid tissues, SST and SSTRs expression was also changed in non-follicular tissues including blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and connective tissue following treatments. CONCLUSION The present study revealed a distinct subcellular distribution of SST and SSTR subtypes in the thyroid and provides a new insight for the role of SST and SSTR subtypes in hypothyroidism in addition to its well-established role in negative regulation of hormonal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Singh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rishi K Somvanshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Principal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy, Colaba, Mumbai, India
| | - Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Mohammadi MM, Saeb M, Nazifi S. Experimental hypothyroidism in adult male rats: the effects of Artemisia dracunculus aqueous extract on serum thyroid hormones, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-019-03080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Li J, Liu Z, Zhao H, Yun F, Liang Z, Wang D, Zhao X, Zhang J, Cang H, Zou Y, Li Y. Alterations in atrial ion channels and tissue structure promote atrial fibrillation in hypothyroid rats. Endocrine 2019; 65:338-347. [PMID: 31175577 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-01968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is well known that hyperthyroidism is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF); however, the relationship between hypothyroidism and AF remains controversial. METHODS Hypothyroidism was established in rats by two methods: methimazole-induced (MMI) and thyroidectomy (TX). MMI model includes control (n = 10), MMI (n = 10), and MMI + L-thyroxine (T4, n = 10). Methimazole was given intragastrically in MMI and MMI + T4 for 12 weeks, and T4 was added intragastrically in MMI + T4 at week 5. TX model includes sham (n = 10), TX (n = 10), and TX + T4 (n = 10). Four weeks after surgery, rats in TX + T4 received T4 for 8 weeks. Triiodothyronine (T3), T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured. Electrophysiology, tissue structure and function, and protein levels of potassium and L-type calcium channels were assessed in the atria. RESULTS Severe changes in the atrial structure of hypothyroid rats were observed. Compared with euthyroid rats, atrial effective refractory period (AERP) in hypothyroid rats was significantly shortened; accordingly, inducibility and duration of AF were considerably increased. Protein levels of minK, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv7.1, and Cav1.2 were upregulated in hypothyroid rats, whereas there was only a tendency toward increased Kir2.1. Kv11.1 was statistically upregulated in the MMI model and had an increasing tendency in the TX model. Conversely, Kir3.1 and Kir3.4 were downregulated in hypothyroid rats. The above changes could be partially inhibited by T4 treatment. CONCLUSIONS AERP shortening due to altered protein levels of ion channels and atrial structural changes increased the susceptibility to AF in hypothyroidism. Thyroid replacement therapy could prevent electrical and structural remodeling under hypothyroid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengxiang Yun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoguang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai Cang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilun Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Protective Effects of Micro-Emulsion of Sour Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) Kernel Extract on Methimazole-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Mice. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.58994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Hypothyroidism Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Adult Rat Hippocampus: A Mechanism Associated with Hippocampal Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2089404. [PMID: 29743975 PMCID: PMC5884203 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2089404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for hippocampal neuronal viability in adulthood, and their deficiency causes hypothyroidism, which is related to oxidative stress events and neuronal damage. Also, it has been hypothesized that hypothyroidism causes a glucose deprivation in the neuron. This study is aimed at evaluating the temporal participation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERE) in hippocampal neurons of adult hypothyroid rats and its association with the oxidative stress events. Adult Wistar male rats were divided into euthyroid and hypothyroid groups. Thyroidectomy with parathyroid gland reimplementation caused hypothyroidism at three weeks postsurgery. Oxidative stress, redox environment, and antioxidant enzyme markers, as well as the expression of the ERE through the pathways of PERK, ATF6, and IRE1, were evaluated at the 3rd and 4th weeks postsurgery. We found a rise in ROS and nitrite production; also, catalase increased and glutathione peroxidase diminished their activities. These events promote an enhancement of the lipoperoxidation, as well as of γ-GT, myeloperoxidase, and caspase 3 activities. With respect to ERE, there were ATF6, IRE1, and GADD153 overexpressions with a reduction in mitochondrial activity and GSH2/GSSG ratio. We conclude that the endoplasmic reticulum stress might play a pivotal role in the activation of hypothyroidism-induced hippocampal cell death.
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Maternal hypothyroidism: An overview of current experimental models. Life Sci 2017; 187:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Shan W, Cui Y, Liu M, Wu L, Xiang Y, Guo Q, Zhang Z, Huang Y. Systematic evaluation of the toxicity and biodistribution of virus mimicking mucus-penetrating DLPC-NPs as oral drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quantitative Measurement of the Thyroid Uptake Function of Mouse by Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5717. [PMID: 28720762 PMCID: PMC5515839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been an evolutional and alternative approach of nuclear imaging in basic research. This study aimed to measure the 131I thyroid uptake of mouse using CLI for assessment of thyroid function. Quantification of 131I thyroid uptake of mice in euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid status was performed by CLI and γ-scintigraphy at 24 hours after injection of 131I. The 131I thyroid uptake was calculated using the equation: (thyroid counts − background counts)/(counts of injected dose of 131I) × 100%. Serum T4 concentration was determined to evaluate the thyroid function. The radioactivity of 131I was linearly correlated with the CL signals in both in vitro and in vivo measurements. CLI showed a significant decrease and increase of 131I thyroid uptake in the mice in hypo- and hyperfunctioning status, respectively, and highly correlated with that measured by γ-scintigraphy. However, the percent thyroid uptake measured by CLI were one-fifth of those measured by γ-scintigraphy due to insufficient tissue penetration of CL. These results indicate that CLI, in addition to nuclear imaging, is able to image and evaluate the 131I thyroid uptake function in mice in preclinical and research settings.
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Ye J, Zhong X, Du Y, Cai C, Pan T. Role of levothyroxine and vitamin E supplementation in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis of myocardial cells in hypothyroid rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:713-719. [PMID: 28213641 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the underlying mechanism and treatment of myocardial injury caused by hypothyroidism, we evaluated oxidative stress in serum and myocardial tissue of hypothyroid rats. The effect of levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy and vitamin E (VitE) supplementation on oxidative stress-induced injury and apoptosis of myocardial tissue is examined. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal control group, propylthiouracil group (PTU group), LT4 treatment group (PTU + LT4 group), vitamin E treatment group (PTU + VitE group), and combined treatment group (PTU + LT4 + VitE group). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) expression in serum and myocardium were determined. Myocardial apoptosis index (AI) in each group was determined by TUNEL assay. RESULTS SOD levels in serum were significantly increased in PTU + VitE and PTU + LT4 + Vit E groups, as compared to that in PTU and PTU + LT4 groups (P < 0.05). MDA levels in serum and myocardial tissue were significantly lower in PTU + LT4, PTU + VitE, and PTU + LT4 + VitE groups, as compared to that in the PTU group (P < 0.05). Myocardial apoptosis was significantly increased in PTU and PTU + VitE groups as compared to that in the normal control group (P < 0.05), while it was significantly lower in PTU + LT4 and PTU + LT4 + VitE groups, as compared to that in the PTU group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study, levothyroxine replacement therapy and vitamin E supplementation appeared to ameliorate myocardial apoptosis in hypothyroid rats, the mechanism of which appears to be related to improved thyroid function and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ye
- Department of Endorinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - X Zhong
- Department of Endorinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Y Du
- Department of Endorinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - C Cai
- Department of Endorinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - T Pan
- Department of Endorinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678, Furong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
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Opazo MC, Haensgen H, Bohmwald K, Venegas LF, Boudin H, Elorza AA, Simon F, Fardella C, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Imprinting of maternal thyroid hormones in the offspring. Int Rev Immunol 2017; 36:240-255. [DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2016.1277216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Opazo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Henny Haensgen
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis F. Venegas
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alvaro A. Elorza
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Faculta de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello
| | - Felipe Simon
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Fardella
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and immunotherapy, Departamento de Endocrinología, Faculta de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- INSERM UMR1064, Nantes, France
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6757154. [PMID: 27051079 PMCID: PMC4802023 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6757154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4 to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.
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Schmohl KA, Müller AM, Schwenk N, Knoop K, Rijntjes E, Köhrle J, Heuer H, Bartenstein P, Göke B, Nelson PJ, Spitzweg C. Establishment of an Effective Radioiodide Thyroid Ablation Protocol in Mice. Eur Thyroid J 2015; 4:74-80. [PMID: 26601076 PMCID: PMC4640294 DOI: 10.1159/000381019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high variance in available protocols on iodide-131 ((131)I) ablation in rodents, we set out to establish an effective method to generate a thyroid-ablated mouse model that allows the application of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) as a reporter gene without interference with thyroidal NIS. We tested a range of (131)I doses with and without prestimulation of thyroidal radioiodide uptake by a low-iodine diet and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) application. Efficacy of induction of hypothyroidism was tested by measurement of serum T4 concentrations, pituitary TSHβ and liver deiodinase type 1 (DIO1) mRNA expression, body weight analysis, and (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy. While 200 µCi (7.4 MBq) (131)I alone was not sufficient to abolish thyroidal T4 production, 500 µCi (18.5 MBq) (131)I combined with 1 week of a low-iodine diet decreased serum concentrations below the detection limit. However, the high (131)I dose resulted in severe side effects. A combination of 1 week of a low-iodine diet followed by injection of bovine TSH before the application of 150 µCi (5.5 MBq) (131)I decreased serum T4 concentrations below the detection limit and significantly increased pituitary TSHβ concentrations. The systemic effects of induced hypothyroidism were shown by growth arrest and a decrease in liver DIO1 expression below the detection limit. (99m)Tc-pertechnetate scintigraphy revealed absence of thyroidal (99m)Tc-pertechnetate uptake in ablated mice. In summary, we report a revised protocol for radioiodide ablation of the thyroid gland in the mouse to generate an in vivo model that allows the study of thyroid hormone action using NIS as a reporter gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eddy Rijntjes
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Köhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Leibniz Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter J. Nelson
- Medical Policlinic IV, University Hospital of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
- *Christine Spitzweg, MD, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, DE-81377 Munich (Germany), E-Mail
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Tousson E, Alghabban AJ, Harga HA. Thyroidectomy induced hepatic toxicity and possible amelioration by Ginkgo biloba leaf extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dias GRM, de Almeida TM, Sudati JH, Dobrachinski F, Pavin S, Soares FAA, Nogueira CW, Barbosa NBV. Diphenyl diselenide supplemented diet reduces depressive-like behavior in hypothyroid female rats. Physiol Behav 2014; 124:116-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Fukui M, Fukui N, Sakai K, Hasegawa Y, Nagasaki S, Shibata S, Araki SI, Isobe M, Hisada S. Spleen-specific development of germinal centers in rats treated with antithyroid drugs. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:375-84. [PMID: 24526810 PMCID: PMC3921920 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antithyroid drugs (ATDs) methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU) have been used for treatment of hyperthyroidism for more than several decades, despite the fact that they are associated with adverse drug reactions that are thought to be autoimmune mediated. We therefore examined histopathologic responses in the immune system in male and female rats given MMI (2, 20 and 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 1; 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 3) or PTU (25 and 250 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 2; 200 mg/kg/day, p.o., in experiment 3) for two weeks. In experiments 1 and 2, highest doses of MMI and PTU induced histopathologic changes in the spleen consistent with those in experiment 3 without any changes in the other peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. In experiment 3, histopathological evaluation of the spleen along with hematological and bone marrow examinations were performed. In both male and female rats, MMI or PTU induced histopathological changes in the spleen characterized by development of germinal centers and an increase in the number of IgG-positive plasma cells in the red pulp; these changes were most prevalent in the MMI-treated female rats. Total red and white blood cell counts were decreased in the MMI-treated male and female rats; lymphocytes and monocytes were lower in male and female rats, respectively. Bone marrow nucleated cells were significantly lower in the MMI-treated males. This is the first study to demonstrate that ATDs induce spleen specific B-cell reactions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Fukui
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Norio Fukui
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Sakai
- Product Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-3 Sakaecho, Hamura, Tokyo 205-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Hasegawa
- Product Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-4-3 Sakaecho, Hamura, Tokyo 205-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Nagasaki
- Drug Discovery Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Seiji Shibata
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Araki
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsui Isobe
- Safety Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hisada
- Developmental Research Center, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-36-1 Shimosakunobe, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa213-8522, Japan
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Therapeutic exploration of betulinic acid in chemically induced hypothyroidism. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 386:27-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Venditti P, Di Stefano L, Di Meo S. Vitamin E management of oxidative damage-linked dysfunctions of hyperthyroid tissues. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:3125-44. [PMID: 23255045 PMCID: PMC11114018 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thyroid hormones affect growth, development, and metabolism of vertebrates, and are considered the major regulators of their homeostasis. On the other hand, elevated circulating levels of thyroid hormones are associated with modifications in the whole organism (weight loss and increased metabolism and temperature) and in several body regions. Indeed, tachycardia, atrial arrhythmias, heart failure, muscle weakness and wasting, bone mass loss, and hepatobiliary complications are commonly found in hyperthyroid animals and humans. RESULTS Most thyroid hormone actions result from influences on transcription of T3-responsive genes, which are mediated through nuclear receptors. However, there is significant evidence that tissue oxidative stress underlies some dysfunctions produced by hyperthyroidism. DISCUSSION During the last decades, increasing interest has been turned to the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in various diseases and pathophysiological disorders believed to be mediated by oxidative stress. In particular, because elevated circulating levels of thyroid hormones are associated with tissue oxidative injury, more attention has been paid to explore the application of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in thyroid related disorders. CONCLUSIONS At present, vitamin E is among the most commonly consumed dietary supplements due to the belief that it, as an antioxidant, may attenuate morbidity and mortality. This is due to the results of numerous scientific studies, which demonstrate that vitamin E has a primary function to destroy peroxyl radicals, thus protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids biological membranes from oxidative damage. However, results are also available indicating that protective vitamin E effects against oxidative damage can be obtained even through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento delle Scienze Biologiche, Sezione di Fisiologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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Abedelhaffez A, Hassan A. Brain derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress index in pups with developmental hypothyroidism: Neuroprotective effects of selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 100:197-210. [DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.100.2013.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Molero L, Faundez M, Valle MAD, del Río R, Armijo F. Electrochemistry of methimazole on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes and its square-wave voltammetric determination in pharmaceutical formulations. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sefi M, Amara IB, Troudi A, Soudani N, Hakim A, Zeghal KM, Boudawara T, Zeghal N. Effect of selenium on methimazole-induced liver damage and oxidative stress in adult rats and their offspring. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:653-69. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233712462445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of selenium (Se) on methimazole (MMI; an antithyroid drug)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats and their progeny. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats in each group: group I served as controls that received standard diet; group II received MMI in drinking water as 250 mg L−1 and standard diet; group III received both MMI (250 mg L−1, orally) and Se (0.5 mg kg−1 of diet); group IV received Se (0.5 mg kg−1 of diet) as sodium selenite. Treatments were started from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. Exposure of rats to MMI promoted oxidative stress with an increase in liver malondialdehyde levels, advanced oxidation protein products and protein carbonyl contents and a decrease in the levels of glutathione, nonprotein thiols and vitamin C. A decrease in the activities of liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase and in the levels of plasma total protein and albumin was also observed. Plasma transaminase activities and total, direct and indirect bilirubin levels increased. Coadministration of Se through diet improved all biochemical parameters. The histopathological changes confirmed the biochemical results. Therefore, our investigation revealed that Se, a trace element with antioxidant properties, was effective in preventing MMI-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Sefi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afef Troudi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | | | - Tahia Boudawara
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax University, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Sfax Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Tousson E, Ali EM, Ibrahim W, Ashraf RM. Histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations in rat heart after thyroidectomy and the role of hemin and ketoconazole in treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:627-32. [PMID: 23089472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is a major target organ for thyroid hormone action and marked changes occur in cardiac function in the case of hypo- or hyperthyroidism. Also, thyroid hormone has a significant regulatory effect on the rate of heme oxidation in the liver. Heme oxygenase (HO) is a heme-catabolizing enzyme that converts heme into biliverdin, iron and carbon monoxide. HO(-1) and its reaction products protect the heart and vasculature in pathological conditions. We studied the changes in the heart structure of thyroidectomized rat at the post-pubertal stage, in addition to the role of hemin as HO inducer and ketoconazole (KTZ) as HO inhibitor in treatment. 35 male Wistar rats were equally divided into seven groups; the first and second groups were the control and Sham-operated groups respectively while the 3rd and 4th groups were subjected to sham operation then treated with hemin (G(3)) and KTZ (G(4)). The 5th group (G(5)) was thyroidectomized group. The 6th and 7th groups were subjected to thyroidectomy then treated with hemin (G(5)) and KTZ (G(6)) respectively. Serum T(3) & TSH levels in thyroidectomized rats were significantly decreased and increased respectively when compared with the control group. Left ventricle section in the heart of thyroidectomized rats showed many of abnormalities as hydrophobic changes of myofibrillar structure with striations, myocardial atrophy and edema, focal haemorrhage when compared with that in control and sham groups. The iNOS label index was significantly decreased in thyroidectomized rat heart (grade 1) and their levels were significantly increased in treated thyroidectomized rats with hemin and KTZ (grades 3 & 2 respectively) when compared with control and sham rat groups (grade 4). Treatment of thyroidectomized rat with hemin improves the histopathological alternation and the intensity of iNOS immunoreactive cells demonstrating the recovery of some injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab Tousson
- Department of Zoology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Estévez-Carmona MM, Meléndez-Camargo E, Ortiz-Butron R, Pineda-Reynoso M, Franco-Colin M, Cano-Europa E. Hypothyroidism maintained reactive oxygen species-steady state in the kidney of rats intoxicated with ethylene glycol: effect related to an increase in the glutathione that maintains the redox environment. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 29:555-66. [PMID: 22491722 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712442710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether hypothyroidism protects against ethylene glycol (EG)-induced renal damage and whether the redox environment participates in the protection process. We used 36 male Wistar rats divided into four groups: (1) euthyroid, (2) euthyroid + 0.75% EG, (3) hypothyroid, and (4) hypothyroid + 0.75% EG. Hypothyroidism occurred 2 weeks after thyroidectomy. The parathyroid gland was reimplanted. EG was administrated for 21 days in drinking water. On day 21, the renal function was assessed and then the rats were decapitated. The left kidney was processed for histology, and the right kidney was used to determine the redox environment, oxidative stress, and the testing of the antioxidant enzymatic system. EG in euthyroid rats reduced the hydric and electrolytic balance and it also caused oxidative stress and renal damage. Hypothyroidism per se modifies the renal function causing a low osmolal and potassium clearance and the filtered load of potassium and sodium. In addition, there was an enhanced redox state because hypothyroidism increases the reduced glutathione concentration caused by a high activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthase. Hypothyroidism is a protective state against EG because the changes in the renal function were smaller than in the euthyroid state. The oxidative stress and cellular damage were ameliorated by the hypothyroid condition. Also, the hypothyroidism-enhanced redox environment protects against EG-induced oxidative stress, renal damage, and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Mirian Estévez-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Hepática y Renal, Departamento de Farmacía, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pineda-Reynoso M, Cano-Europa E, Blas-Valdivia V, Hernandez-Garcia A, Franco-Colin M, Ortiz-Butron R. Hypothyroidism during neonatal and perinatal period induced by thyroidectomy of the mother causes depressive-like behavior in prepubertal rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2010; 6:137-43. [PMID: 20505845 PMCID: PMC2874337 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to see if neonatal and perinatal hypothyroidism caused anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Twenty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: 1) thyroidectomy caused hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid gland had been removed and the parathyroid reimplanted; and 2) false thyroidectomy. The thyroidectomy was made on rats anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine. The rats were mated and one day after giving birth, eight pups were assigned to each group randomly and they were distributed into two groups: a hypothyroid group containing male pups of a hypothyroid mother with a hypothyroid wet nurse; and a euthyroid group of male pups of a euthyroid mother with a euthyroid wet nurse. We analyzed the behavioral test at a prepubertal age. The neonatal and perinatal hypothyroidism caused by the mother's thyroidectomy caused a decrease in body weight and length. We found that the neonatal and perinatal hypothyroidism enhanced the total exploratory activity without affecting social contact and the time spent in the open and closed arms in an elevated plus-maze. The hypothyroidism caused immobility without altering the lower climbing duration in the swimming test. This study shows a novel model to cause neonatal and perinatal hypothyroidism without using pharmacological drugs. We demonstrated that hypothyroid animals had a reduction in body weight and length, a retardation of neurodevelopment, and they had depressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Pineda-Reynoso
- Departamento de Fisiología 'Mauricio, Russek Berman,' Escuela Nacional de, Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Carpio y Plan, de Ayala, México
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