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Hernandez-Reynoso AG, Rahman FS, Hedden B, Castelán F, Martínez-Gómez M, Zimmern P, Romero-Ortega MI. Secondary urethral sphincter function of the rabbit pelvic and perineal muscles. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1111884. [PMID: 36875671 PMCID: PMC9978527 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Perineal and pelvic floor muscles play an important role in continence by providing mechanical support to pelvic organs. It is also known that the pubococcygeus muscle (PcM) contracts in the storage phase and is inactive during voiding, while the bulbospongiosus muscle (BsM) is active during the voiding phase. Recent evidence suggested an additional role of these muscles in supporting urethral closure in rabbits. However, the individual role of perineal and pelvic muscles as urethral sphincters is not well-defined. Here we evaluated the individual, sequential and synergistic roles of the PcM and BsM in assisting urethral closure and defined the optimal electrical stimulation parameters that can effectively contract these muscles and increase the urethral pressure (P ura ) in young nulliparous animals (n = 11). Unilateral stimulation of either the BsM or PcM at 40 Hz induced modest increases in average P ura (0.23 ± 0.10 and 0.07 ± 0.04 mmHg, respectively). Investigation on the changes in P ura evoked by stimulation frequencies between 5 and 60 Hz show that sequential contralateral PcM-BsM activation at 40 Hz induced a 2-fold average P ura increase (0.23 ± 0.07 mmHg) compared to that evoked by PcM stimulation. Simultaneous activation of PcM and BsM at 40 Hz also showed an increased average P ura (0.26 ± 0.04 mmHg), with a 2-fold increase in average P ura observed during the unilateral sequential PcM-BsM stimulation at 40 Hz (0.69 ± 0.2 mmHg). Finally, stimulation at 40 Hz of the bulbospongiosus nerve (BsN) induced an approximate 4-fold increase in average P ura (0.87 ± 0.44 mmHg; p < 0.04) compared to that elicited by BsM stimulation, confirming that direct nerve stimulation is more effective. Together, this study shows that in the female rabbit, both perineal and pelvic muscles support of the urethral function during continence, and that unilateral stimulation of the BsN at 40-60 Hz is sufficient to achieve maximal secondary sphincter activity. The results also support the potential clinical value of neuromodulation of pelvic and perineal nerves as bioelectronic therapy for stress urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Farial S Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian Hedden
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad Foránea Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad Foránea Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico.,Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala City, Mexico
| | - Philippe Zimmern
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Mario I Romero-Ortega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomedical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Rodríguez-Jaimes SY, Hernández-Hernández GC, Hernández-Aragón LG, Sánchez-García O, Martínez-Gómez M, Cuevas-Romero E, Castelán F. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) levels in pelvic floor muscles and its association with estrogen status in female rabbits. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:748-753. [PMID: 35861367 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2099830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the relative expression of the G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in the bulbospongiosus (Bsm) and pubococcygeus (Pcm) muscles in control, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX with estradiol benzoate supplementation (OVX + EB) rabbits.Methods: We used tissues from C, 1-month OVX, and OVX plus 15-day EB implanted (OVX + EB) groups. The GPER expression was evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry for both Bsm and Pcm. Results: Both muscles showed a GPER immunoreactivity in blood vessels, inside myofibers next to myonuclei, and in polymorphonuclear cells. Four-week ovariectomy did not modify the GPER expression in the Bsm and Pcm, but two-week estradiol benzoate increased it in the latter muscle alone.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the Bsm and Pcm of female rabbits express GPER. High serum estradiol levels elevate GPER relative expression in the Pcm alone. The present study supports the remarkable estrogen sensitivity of the Pcm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharet Y Rodríguez-Jaimes
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Guadalupe C Hernández-Hernández
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | | | | | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
- Depto. de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala, México
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Sánchez-García O, López-Juárez R, Corona-Quintanilla DL, Ruiz ÁC, Martínez-Gómez M, Cuevas-Romero E, Castelán F. Estrogens influence differentially on the pelvic floor muscles activation at somatovisceral reflexes involved in micturition of rabbits. Menopause 2021; 28:1287-1295. [PMID: 34520412 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the estrogen-dependency of the bladder and urethral function and the coordinated activation of pelvic floor muscles (PFM) during micturition. METHODS We allocated age-matched female rabbits to control, 1-month ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX plus 2-week estradiol benzoate (EB) groups to record cystometry, urethral pressure, and electromyograms of bulbospongiosus (Bsm), and pubococcygeus muscles (Pcm) simultaneously. We also measured serum estradiol levels and myofiber cross-sectional area. We assessed urodynamic and urethral variables, categorized the Bsm-Pcm activation patterns at storage and voiding phases, and obtained the power spectrum density of muscle activation around the voiding phase. We investigated the influence of ovarian hormones, in general, and the contribution of estrogen, particularly on the functions of the bladder, urethra, and PFM. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Ovarian hormones influence the bladder, urethral, and PFM functions. The urodynamics analyses indicated estrogens contribute to voiding duration and, to a lesser extent, to the time between bladder contractions. Urethral pressure at closure (maximal pressure-to-maximal urethral pressure ratio) improved partially (8%, P < 0.05) in the OVX plus 2-week estradiol benzoate compared with OVX, but urethral resistance increased (∼1.9-fold, P < 0.05) compared with control rabbits. Our findings support that Pcm activity at voiding is estrogen-sensitive, albeit EB administration reduced it at storage resume, which relates to high urethral resistance. CONCLUSIONS Ovariectomy impairs bladder and urethral pressures and Bsm and Pcm activation at micturition in anesthetized rabbits. Estrogen administration partially reverts some of these effects and influences Pcm activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Sánchez-García
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
- School of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Rhode López-Juárez
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
- School of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | - Ángeles Carrasco Ruiz
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
- Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
- Departament of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Estela Cuevas-Romero
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Tlaxcala Center for Biology of Behavior, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala, Zacatelco, Mexico
- Departament of Cellular Biology and Physiology, Institute for Biomedical Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Yang B, Sun J, Yuan Y, Sun Z. Effects of atorvastatin on autophagy in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:753-761. [PMID: 29245171 PMCID: PMC6031525 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Atorvastatin is usually used to decrease the amount of fatty substances in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it can cause side-effects, such as breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue. The present study focused on the effects of atorvastatin on autophagy of the skeletal muscles in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes in rats in the diabetic (D) and atorvastatin (T) groups was induced using streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection). Next, rats in the T group were treated with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/day, intragastric administration), whereas rats in the control and D groups were given water. Additionally, the rats in T and D groups were fed a high-fat and high-sugar diet for 10 weeks. Subsequently, the histopathological changes, and expression levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I/-II and p62 in the skeletal muscle specimens in the three groups were analyzed. RESULTS Rats in the T group had reduced lipid droplets, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (P < 0.05) levels than those in the D group. Disordered atrophic myocytes, incrassated vascular walls and decreased cross-sectional area of type I fibers were found using hematoxylin-eosin and adenosine triphosphatase staining in the D and T groups. The messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of LC3-II and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were increased in the T group compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05), whereas the protein level of p62 showed the opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin enhanced the autophagy level of skeletal muscles to decrease lipid deposition, which possibly exacerbated myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zilin Sun
- Department of EndocrinologyZhongda HospitalInstitute of DiabetesSchool of MedicineSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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López-García K, Mariscal-Tovar S, Serrano-Meneses MA, Castelán F, Martínez-Gómez M, Jiménez-Estrada I. Fiber type composition of pubococcygeus and bulbospongiosus striated muscles is modified by multiparity in the rabbit. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1456-1463. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenia López-García
- Departamento Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad Periférica Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Silvia Mariscal-Tovar
- Departamento Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México Mexico
| | | | - Francisco Castelán
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad Periférica Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlaxcala Mexico
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad Periférica Tlaxcala, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Tlaxcala Mexico
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- Departamento Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados Instituto Politécnico Nacional; México Mexico
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6
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Wyndaele JJ. Study on the influence of the type of current and the frequency of impulses used for electrical stimulation on the contraction of pelvic muscles with different fibre content. Scand J Urol 2016; 50:228-33. [DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2016.1142473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Sánchez-García O, Rodríguez-Castelán J, Martínez-Gómez M, Cuevas E, Castelán F. Hypothyroidism modifies morphometry and thyroid-hormone receptor expression in periurethral muscles of female rabbits. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 35:895-901. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.22842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Sánchez-García
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
- Doctorado en Neuroetología; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa México
| | - Julia Rodríguez-Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México-DF México
| | - Estela Cuevas
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
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8
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de los Ángeles Carrasco-Ruiz M, García-Villamar V, López-García K, Sánchez-García O, Pacheco P, Cuevas E, Martínez-Gómez M, Castelán F. Aromatase expression is linked to estrogenic sensitivity of periurethral muscles in female rabbits. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:188-95. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María de los Ángeles Carrasco-Ruiz
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
- Doctorado en Neuroetología; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Verónica García-Villamar
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
| | - Kenia López-García
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
- Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala México
| | - Octavio Sánchez-García
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
- Doctorado en Neuroetología; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Depto de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF México
- Instituto de Neuroetología; Universidad Veracruzana; Xalapa Veracruz México
| | - Estela Cuevas
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
- Depto de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF México
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta; Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala; Tlaxcala Tlaxcala México
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9
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López-García K, Cuevas E, Sánchez-García O, Pacheco P, Martínez-Gómez M, Castelán F. Differential damage and repair responses of pubococcygeus and bulbospongiosus muscles in multiparous rabbits. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 35:180-5. [PMID: 25451605 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the extent of damage and regeneration associated with multiparity on the pubococcygeus and bulbospongiosus muscles. METHODS Age-matched virgin nulliparous and multiparous rabbits that were killed at days 3 and 20 after the fourth delivery were used to harvest pubococcygeus and bulbospongiosus muscles. The activity of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase was used as a muscle damage indicator. The number of immunoreactive myofiber-associated nuclei anti-Pax7, -MyoD, and -myogenin, as well as the anti-desmin immunoreactive area were measured in muscle sections to estimate some regenerative stages. Significant differences were considered at a P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The β-glucuronidase activity was increased at postpartum day 20 in the pubococcygeus muscle. This variable was unaltered in the bulbospongiosus muscles of multiparas regardless of the postpartum day on which this was measured. The number of immunoreactive nuclei anti-Pax7 in the pubococcygeus muscle was similar between nulliparas and multiparas, whilst those of anti-MyoD and anti-myogenin were increased at postpartum days 3 and 20. The same was true for these latter three markers evaluated in the bulbospongiosus muscles, supporting an ongoing regeneration. The desmin-positive percentage of muscle area per field was increased at postpartum day 20 in the pubococcygeus muscle, whilst such an increment was seen at postpartum days 3 and 20 in the bulbospongiosus muscles. CONCLUSIONS Damage and regeneration of the pubococcygeus and bulbospongiosus muscles are differently influenced by multiparity in rabbits. This could rely on the anatomical location, metabolism, myofiber composition, and muscle exertion during pregnancy and/or the delivery of each muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia López-García
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.,Doctorado en Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Estela Cuevas
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Octavio Sánchez-García
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.,Doctorado en Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Pablo Pacheco
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México-DF, México.,Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Margarita Martínez-Gómez
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.,Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México-DF, México
| | - Francisco Castelán
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México
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