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Tibúrcio FC, Leite APS, Muller KS, Pinto CG, Valentino E, Castro PATDS, Matsumura CY, de Carvalho SF, Matheus SMM. Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate on Skeletal Muscle and Neuromuscular Junction of Sedentary and Exercised Rats. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1940. [PMID: 38003989 PMCID: PMC10673219 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nandrolone decanoate (ND) is the most widely used among the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), synthetic substances derived from testosterone, to improve muscular and health gains associated with exercises. The AAS leads to physical performance enhancement and presents anti-aging properties, but its abuse is associated with several adverse effects. Supraphysiological doses of AAS with or without physical exercise can cause morphological and functional alterations in neuromuscular interactions. This study aims to investigate the effects of ND supraphysiological doses in neuromuscular interactions, focusing on the soleus muscle and its neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in rats, associated or not with physical exercise. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: sedentary and exercised groups, with or without ND at the dose of 10 mg/kg/week. The animals were treated for eight weeks, with intramuscular injections, and the soleus muscle was collected for morphological analyses. Results: The supraphysiological doses of ND in the sedentary group caused muscle degeneration, evidenced by splitting fibers, clusters of small fibers, irregular myofibrils, altered sarcomeres, an increase in collagen deposition and in the number of type I muscle fibers (slow-twitch) and central nuclei, as well as a decrease in fibers with peripheral nuclei. On the other hand, in the ND exercise group, there was an increase in the NMJs diameter with scattering of its acetylcholine receptors, although no major morphological changes were found in the skeletal muscle. Thus, the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats were partially reversed by physical exercise. Conclusions: The supraphysiological ND exposure in the sedentary rats promoted an increase in muscle oxidative pattern and adverse morphological alterations in skeletal muscle, resulting from damage or post-injury regeneration. In the ND-exercised rats, no major morphological changes were found. Thus, the physical exercise partially reversed the alterations caused by ND in sedentary rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cantore Tibúrcio
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (A.P.S.L.); (K.S.M.); (C.G.P.)
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Ana Paula Silveira Leite
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (A.P.S.L.); (K.S.M.); (C.G.P.)
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Kevin Silva Muller
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (A.P.S.L.); (K.S.M.); (C.G.P.)
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Carina Guidi Pinto
- Medical School, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil; (F.C.T.); (A.P.S.L.); (K.S.M.); (C.G.P.)
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Erick Valentino
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Paula Aiello Tomé de Souza Castro
- Department of Physical Therapy, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cintia Yuri Matsumura
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
| | - Shelly Favorito de Carvalho
- Electron Microscopy Center, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Selma Maria Michelin Matheus
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil; (C.Y.M.)
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Skoupá K, Bátik A, Št'astný K, Sládek Z. Structural Changes in the Skeletal Muscle of Pigs after Long-Term Administration of Testosterone, Nandrolone and a Combination of the Two. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2141. [PMID: 37443939 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anabolic steroid hormones (AASs) are used in most countries of the world to accelerate the growth of animals, increase the volume of their muscles and thereby increase meat production. However, there is a strict ban on the use of AASs in the fattening of all animals in all countries of the European Union, and there must therefore be effective methods of detection and control of these substances. Methods based on chromatography and mass spectrometry may no longer be completely effective when faced with new synthetic steroids of unknown chemical structures and low concentrations. Therefore, there is an effort to develop new methods of AAS detection, based primarily on the monitoring of biological changes at the level of gene expression or changes in metabolism or structure at the cellular level. More detailed knowledge of the mechanisms of action of AASs on tissues is essential for these methods, and histological changes are one of them. In this study, we report histological changes in muscle structure after AAS application, specifically in the size of muscle fibers, the amount of endomysium and the number of nuclei and satellite cells in muscle fibers. A pig model was also intentionally used for the study, as no such study has been carried out on this species, and at the same time, pork is one of the most consumed meats across Europe. The results of histology and fluorescent antibody labeling showed that AASs increased the diameter and surface area of muscle fibers and also significantly increased the number of satellite cells on the fiber surface. The evident correlations between the number of satellite cells, all nuclei and the diameters of muscle fibers between some experimental groups provide evidence that the selected histological parameters could be additional detection mechanisms for screening a large number of samples and indicate the possibility of the presence of AASs in pork meat in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Skoupá
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Bátik
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Št'astný
- Veterinary Research Institute in Brno, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyšek Sládek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgrSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Sretenovic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Pantovic S, Jovic JJ, Nikolic M, Turnic TN, Savic M, Jevdjevic M, Milosavljevic Z, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V. Nandrolone Decanoate and Swimming Affects Cardiodynamic and Morphometric Parameters in the Isolated Rat Heart. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081242. [PMID: 36013421 PMCID: PMC9410289 DOI: 10.3390/life12081242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to show the effects of swimming and nandrolone administration on cardiodynamic and morphometric parameters of the isolated rat heart. (2) The study included 72 Wistar rats, divided into three groups, scheduled to be sacrificed after the second, third, and fourth week. Each group was divided into four subgroups: control (T-N-), nandrolone (T-N+), swimming training (T+N-), and swimming training plus nandrolone (T+N+) group. The rats from T+N- and T+N+ swam 1 h/day, 5 days/week while ones from T-N+ and T+N+ received weekly nandrolone decanoate (20 mg/kg). The isolated hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff technique and measured parameters: dp/dt max/min, SLVP, DLVP, heart rate, and coronary flow. Hearts were fixed and stained with H/E and Masson trichrome dyes. (3) dp/dt max and dp/dt min were increased in the T-N+ group at higher perfusion pressure compared to the T-N- group. SLVP and DLVP were increased in all groups after the 4th week. Collagen content was increased in T-N+ by 403% and in T+N+ by 357% groups, while it was decreased in T+N- compared to the control after 4th week. (4) Conclusions: Nandrolone alone or combined with swimming had a deleterious effect on myocardial function and perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Suzana Pantovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Nikolic Turnic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- N.A. Semashko Public Health and Healthcare Department, F.F. Erismann Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maja Savic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Maja Jevdjevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Zoran Milosavljevic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Faculty of Farmacy, Pavlovica Put bb., Bijeljina University, 76300 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sergej Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya Str. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Prokic VZ, Rankovic MR, Draginic ND, Andjic MM, Sretenovic JZ, Zivkovic VI, Jeremic JN, Milinkovic MV, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic VLJ, Pantovic SB. Guanidinoacetic acid provides superior cardioprotection to its combined use with betaine and (or) creatine in HIIT-trained rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:772-786. [PMID: 35894232 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine how guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) or its combined administration with betaine (B) or creatine (C) influences the cardiac function, morphometric parameters, and redox status of rats subjected to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This research was conducted on male Wistar albino rats exposed to HIIT for 4 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into five groups: HIIT, HIIT + GAA, HIIT + GAA + C, HIIT + GAA + B, and HIIT + GAA + C + B. After completing the training protocol, GAA (300 mg/kg), C (280 mg/kg), and B (300 mg/kg) were applied daily per os for 4 weeks. GAA supplementation in combination with HIIT significantly decreased the level of both systemic and cardiac prooxidants ( O 2 - , H2O2, NO 2 - , and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) compared with nontreated HIIT (p < 0.05). Also, GAA treatment led to an increase in glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels. None of the treatment regimens altered cardiac function. A larger degree of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was observed in the HIIT + GAA group, which was reflected through an increase of the cross-sectional area of 27% (p < 0.05) and that of the left ventricle wall thickness of 27% (p < 0.05). Since we showed that GAA in combination with HIIT may ameliorate oxidative stress and does not alter cardiac function, the present study is a basis for future research exploring the mechanisms of cardioprotection induced by this supplement in an HIIT scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Z Prokic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina R Rankovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena D Draginic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marijana M Andjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Z Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir I Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana N Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica V Milinkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L J Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Suzana B Pantovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Vuletic M, Jakovljevic V, Zivanovic S, Papic M, Papic M, Mladenovic R, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Jeremic J, Andjic M, Kocovic A, Sretenovic J, Mitrovic S, Božin B, Kladar N, Bolevich S, Bradic J. The Evaluation of Healing Properties of Galium verum-Based Oral Gel in Aphthous Stomatitis in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154680. [PMID: 35897855 PMCID: PMC9332434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although oral ulcers represent one of the most frequent oral mucosal diseases, the available treatment is not sufficient to provide complete ulcer recovery without side-effects. Therefore, the aim of our study was to prepare a mucoadhesive oral gel based on Galium verum ethanol extract (GVL gel) and reveal its healing effects in the model of aphthous stomatitis in rats. Rats with oral ulcers were divided into the following groups: control (untreated), gel base (ulcer was treated with the gel base, three times per day for 10 days), and GVL gel group (the ulcer was treated with GVL gel in the same way as the gel base). Animals from each group were sacrificed on days 0, 3, 6, and 10 for collecting blood and ulcer tissue samples. Healing properties of oral gel were determined by clinical evaluation, as well as biochemical and histopathological examinations. Our findings suggest a significant decrease in the ulcer size in GVL gel group, with healing effects achieved through the alleviation of oxidative stress, reduction in COX-2 immunopositivity, and increase in collagen content in buccal tissue. Significant ulcer repairing potential of GVL gel highlights this oral mucoadhesive gel as a promising tool for prevention and treatment of RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miona Vuletic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujeva, Serbia; (M.V.); (S.Z.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Z.); (I.S.); (J.S.)
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Suzana Zivanovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujeva, Serbia; (M.V.); (S.Z.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Milos Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujeva, Serbia; (M.V.); (S.Z.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Mirjana Papic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujeva, Serbia; (M.V.); (S.Z.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Rasa Mladenovic
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujeva, Serbia; (M.V.); (S.Z.); (M.P.); (M.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Z.); (I.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Z.); (I.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.J.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Marijana Andjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.J.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandar Kocovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.J.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (V.J.); (V.Z.); (I.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Božin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.B.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.B.); (N.K.)
- Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Investigations and Quality Control, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University I.M. Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (J.J.); (M.A.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-34306800
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Cardiovascular Properties of the Androgen-Induced PCOS Model in Rats: The Role of Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8862878. [PMID: 34512871 PMCID: PMC8426083 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8862878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaced reproductive endocrinopathy affecting 6-20% of women of childbearing age. It was previously shown that women with PCOS have an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiodynamic parameters of isolated rats' hearts, blood pressure levels, and histomorphological changes in the heart tissue following the androgen-induced PCOS model in rats and the role of oxidative stress in the development of these CV properties of PCOS. 21-day-old female rats (n = 12) were divided into control and PCOS groups. PCOS was induced by administration of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/kg BW, daily) during 35 days. During the autoregulation protocol (40-120 mmHg) on the Langendorff apparatus, ex vivo cardiodynamic parameters of retrogradely perfused hearts showed enhanced contractile function and increased lusitropic effects in the left ventricle (LV) in PCOS rats. Systolic and diastolic pressures in LV were elevated at all perfusion pressure values. Systemic arterial systolic blood pressure showed borderline elevation, while mean arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in PCOS rats. Histological evaluation of heart tissue depicted hypertrophic (8.3%) alterations in LV cardiomyocytes and increase (7.3%) in LV wall thickness. Oxidative stress parameters were altered in systemic circulation, coronary venous effluent (CVE), and heart tissue. Levels of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were decreased in blood and heart tissue, while catalase activity was not altered. Degree of lipid peroxidation was increased in circulation as well as heart tissue. Increased levels of O2− in CVE indicated the cardiotoxic effects in the rat PCOS model. The mentioned alterations of oxidative stress parameters in the blood, CVE, and heart could be recommended as potential contributors underlying the development of CV risk in PCOS women.
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Sretenovic J, Joksimovic Jovic J, Srejovic I, Zivkovic V, Mihajlovic K, Labudovic-Borovic M, Trifunovic S, Milosevic V, Lazic D, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Milosavljevic Z. Morphometric analysis and redox state of the testicles in nandrolone decanoate and swimming treated adult male rats. Basic Clin Androl 2021; 31:17. [PMID: 34261436 PMCID: PMC8281612 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-021-00134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the last decades, the abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) has become popular among professional and recreational athletes. The abuse of AASs leads to decreased levels of sex hormones, but the available literature a gives very small pool of data regarding the effects of swimming alone or combined with AASs on testicle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four-week administration of nandrolone decanoate and swimming training alone or in combination on morphometric parameters, androgen receptor (AR) and redox state in testicle tissue. The study included Wistar albino male rats, 10 weeks old, classified into 4 groups: control (T-N-), nandrolone (T-N+), swimming training (T+N-) and swimming training with nandrolone (T+N+). The rats from nandrolone (N+) groups received nandrolone decanoate 20 mg/kg b.w.once per week. The rats from training (T+) groups, swam 1 h/day 5 days/week. The isolated testicles were measured, left testicles were routinely processed for histological analysis, while right testicles were homogenized and prepared for the analysis of the following oxidative stress biomarkers: index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), nitrites, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Results Diameter, as well as cross-section area of seminiferous tubules were decreased by 10 % and 21 % (respectively) in the T-N+ group and by 15% and 41 % (respectively) in the T+N+ group compared to control. Interstitium of the testicles was decreased in all experimental groups. Reduction of immunoreactivity of AR in T-N+ group was 22 %, in T+N+ group was 9 % compared to control. TBARS levels were increased in T+N- and T+N+ groups. Nitrites were decreased in T+N+ group. Catalase activity was increased in all experimental groups. Swimming alone or combined with nandrolone decreased the level of GSH compared to control. SOD activity was decreased in T-N+ and T+N+ groups compared to control. Conclusions Nandrolone alone or combined with swimming decreased morphometric parameters and amount of AR in testicle tissue. Changes in the redox state indicate reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Sretenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Joksimovic Jovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mihajlovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milica Labudovic-Borovic
- Institute of Histology and Embryology "Aleksandar Đ. Kostić" Faculty of Medicine, Supremalab Diagnostics and Research, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunovic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milosevic
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Lazic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya str. 2, Russian Federation, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Trubetskaya str. 2, Russian Federation, 119992, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoran Milosavljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica 69, 34 000, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Ronchi SN, Mass EMSW, Bernardina NRD, de Melo Júnior AF, Dos Santos WC, de Andrade TU, Brasil GA, Bissoli NS. Low and high doses of oxandrolone promote pathological cardiac remodeling in young male rats. Steroids 2021; 170:108814. [PMID: 33727119 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxandrolone (OXA) used in clinical practice, however, its misuse is frequent, including by adolescents pursuing an aesthetic goal. However, the impacts of noxious doses on the cardiovascular system remain unknown. AIM To investigate cardiac effects of OXA in low (LD) and high (HD) doses. METHODS Male Wistar prepubescent rats were separated into 3 experimental groups: control (CON), LD, and HD. Only the CON group received the carrier (carboxymethylcellulose, 0.5%), while the LD and HD groups received, respectively, 2.5 and 37.5 mg/kg/day of OXA via gavage for 4 weeks. The hemodynamic parameters (+dP/dtmax, -dP/dtmin, and Tau) and cardiac autonomic tonus were assessed. Hearts were retrieved for histological analyses and oxidative stress evaluation. Expression levels of calcium-handling proteins were measured by western blot. RESULTS The OXA treatment changed neither the cardiac contractility nor the cardiac autonomic tonus. However, cardiac hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and increased angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression were observed in a dose-dependent way. Also, the p-phospholamban (p-PLB)/PLB ratio was observed to decrease and increase, respectively, in the LD and HD groups; the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)/PLB ratio being higher in both groups. OXA increased SOD1 expression and decreased catalase expression only in the LD group, and protein oxidation was increased in HD. CONCLUSION Both doses of OXA could promote pathological cardiac remodeling, probably via increased ACE, and these effects were exacerbated in the HD treatment, but cardiac contractility was not affected regardless of the dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Nascimento Ronchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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