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El-Karak F, Shamseddine A, Omar A, Haddad I, Abdelgawad M, Naqqash MA, Kaddour MA, Sharaf M, Abdo E. Prostate cancer across four countries in the Middle East: a multi-centre, observational, retrospective and prognostic study. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1695. [PMID: 38774566 PMCID: PMC11108050 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most prevalent cancer in males, with a steadily increasing incidence in the Middle East (ME). The aim of this study was to capture real-world data on the characteristics, disease progression, and treatment patterns among PC patients in the ME. This was a retrospective, observational, multi-centre study conducted across ten hospitals/research centers in Lebanon, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Kuwait. Data were abstracted from medical records of 615 male patients who were diagnosed with PC between January 2012 and the site initiation date (December 2018-May 2019) and received at least one PC treatment/intervention. The observation period ranged between 84 and 88 months. Data were collected on demographics, clinical characteristics, time to progression to the subsequent clinical state or therapy (progression from localised/locally advanced PC to castration and to metastatic PC (metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) or metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC)), progression from mCSPC to mCRPC, and mCRPC patients' progression to first subsequent line of therapy), treatment patterns, and mortality. Most patients had localised/locally advanced PC (57.7%), followed by mCSPC (37.4%), and mCRPC (4.1%) at the time of inclusion in the study. Most patients were at tumours, nodes and metastases (TNM) stage IIIa (40.1%) or TNM stage IVb (27.8%) at study entry. Median time to metastatic disease, castration-resistance and next line therapy was 84 months (95% CI: 68-84), 41 months (95% CI: 30-56) and 7 months (95% CI: 0-41), respectively. The mortality rate was 3.6%. Disease progression was most common among patients with mCSPC (35.1%) or mCRPC (14.8%), and treatment discontinuation was most common among patients with mCRPC (36.6% treatments discontinued). The results show that most patients were at an advanced TNM stage at study entry, suggestive of a lack of awareness regarding PC. Disease progression was most common among patients with metastatic disease, reflecting the challenge of treating metastatic disease and highlighting the need for novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi El-Karak
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
- https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9266-591X
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Clinical Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ayman Omar
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tiburcius S, Krishnan K, Yang JH, Hashemi F, Singh G, Radhakrishnan D, Trinh HT, Verrills NM, Karakoti A, Vinu A. Silica-Based Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles for Prostate Cancer Treatment. CHEM REC 2020; 21:1535-1568. [PMID: 33320438 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and is the fifth common cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Current methods for PCa treatment are insufficient owing to the challenges related to the non-specificity, instability and side effects caused by the drugs and therapy agents. These drawbacks can be mitigated by the design of a suitable drug delivery system that can ensure targeted delivery and minimise side effects. Silica based nanoparticles (SBNPs) have emerged as one of the most versatile materials for drug delivery due to their tunable porosities, high surface area and tremendous capacity to load various sizes and chemistry of drugs. This review gives a brief overview of the diagnosis and current treatment strategies for PCa outlining their existing challenges. It critically analyzes the design, development and application of pure, modified and hybrid SBNPs based drug delivery systems in the treatment of PCa, their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Tiburcius
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Kannan Krishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Jae-Hun Yang
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Deepika Radhakrishnan
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Hoang Trung Trinh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Nicole M Verrills
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Ajay Karakoti
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
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Rajaee Z, Khoei S, Mahdavi SR, Ebrahimi M, Shirvalilou S, Mahdavian A. Evaluation of the effect of hyperthermia and electron radiation on prostate cancer stem cells. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:133-142. [PMID: 29453555 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-018-0733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperthermia, 6 MeV electron radiation and combination of these treatments on cancer cell line DU145 in both monolayer culture and spheroids enriched for prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Flowcytometric analysis of the expression of molecular markers CD133+/CD44+ was carried out to determine the prostate CSCs in cell line DU145 grown as spheroids in serum-free medium. Following monolayer and spheroid culture, DU145 cells were treated with different doses of hyperthermia, electron beam and combination of them. The survival and self-renewing of the cells were evaluated by colony formation assay (CFA) and spheroid formation assay (SFA). Flowcytometry results indicated that the percentage of CD133+/CD44+ cells in spheroid culture was 13.9-fold higher than in the monolayer culture. The SFA showed significant difference between monolayer and spheroid culture for radiation treatment (6 Gy) and hyperthermia (60 and 90 min). The CFA showed significantly enhanced radiosensitivity in DU145 cells grown as monolayer as compared to spheroids, but no effect of hyperthermia. In contrast, for the combination of radiation and hyperthermia the results of CFA and SFA showed a reduced survival fraction in both cultures, with larger effects in monolayer than in spheroid culture. Thus, hyperthermia may be a promising approach in prostate cancer treatment that enhances the cytotoxic effect of electron radiation. Furthermore, determination and characterization of radioresistance and thermoresistance of CSCs in the prostate tumor is the key to develop more efficient therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Rajaee
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seied Rabi Mahdavi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakine Shirvalilou
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Mahdavian
- Polymer Science Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Burdelski C, Kleinhans S, Kluth M, Hube-Magg C, Minner S, Koop C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Tsourlakis MC, Wilczak W, Marx A, Sauter G, Wittmer C, Huland H, Simon R, Schlomm T, Steurer S. Reduced AZGP1 expression is an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence and associated with ERG-fusion positive andPTENdeleted prostate cancers. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1199-206. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- General; Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sandra Kleinhans
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic; Prostate Cancer Center; University Medical Center Hamburg- Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
- Department of Urology; Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
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Hernández C, Morote J, Miñana B, Cózar JM. The role of prostate-specific antigen in light of new scientific evidence. Actas Urol Esp 2013; 37:324-9. [PMID: 23608183 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Review the scientific evidence acquired in recent years on Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). ACQUISITION OF EVIDENCE Analysis of the available evidence on the current role of PSA, according to a panel of experts who recorded their experience on the subject. SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE Currently, PSA cannot be considered solely an indicator of the presence or absence of prostate cancer. Rather, the determination of PSA assists the urologist in indicating the most appropriate treatment for a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophic (BPH), as well as in suspecting a prostatic tumour when the PSA reading increases >0,3 ng/ml, in patients treated with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor, over the reading achieved at six months of having initiated this treatment. Moreover, PSA is a key factor in the follow-up of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma who undergo surgery, radiation therapy or minimally invasive techniques. PSA helps to define biochemical recurrence, suggest the existence of a local or distal recurrence and propose or rule out adjuvant therapies. CONCLUSIONS New data on the current role of PSA in the management of patients treated for BPH and/or prostate cancer should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hernández
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España.
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Ming L, Byrne NM, Camac SN, Mitchell CA, Ward C, Waugh DJ, McKeown SR, Worthington J. Androgen deprivation results in time-dependent hypoxia in LNCaP prostate tumours: informed scheduling of the bioreductive drug AQ4N improves treatment response. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1323-32. [PMID: 22915157 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Androgen withdrawal induces hypoxia in androgen-sensitive tissue; this is important as in the tumour microenvironment, hypoxia is known to drive malignant progression. Our study examined the time-dependent effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on tumour oxygenation and investigated the role of ADT-induced hypoxia on malignant progression in prostate tumours. LNCaP xenografted tumours were treated with anti-androgens and tumour oxygenation measured. Dorsal skin fold (DSF) chambers were used to image tumour vasculature in vivo. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) identified differential gene expression following treatment with bicalutamide. Bicalutamide-treated and vehicle-only-treated tumours were re-established in vitro, and invasion and sensitivity to docetaxel were measured. Tumour growth delay was calculated following treatment with bicalutamide combined with the bioreductive drug AQ4N. Tumour oxygenation measurements showed a precipitate decrease following initiation of ADT. A clinically relevant dose of bicalutamide (2 mg/kg/day) decreased tumour oxygenation by 45% within 24 hr, reaching a nadir of 0.09% oxygen (0.67 ± 0.06 mmHg) by Day 7; this persisted until Day 14 when it increased up to Day 28. Using DSF chambers, LNCaP tumours treated with bicalutamide showed loss of small vessels at Days 7 and 14 with revascularisation occurring by Day 21. QPCR showed changes in gene expression consistent with the vascular changes and malignant progression. Cells from bicalutamide-treated tumours were more malignant than vehicle-treated controls. Combining bicalutamide with AQ4N (50 mg/kg, single dose) caused greater tumour growth delay than bicalutamide alone. Our study shows that bicalutamide-induced hypoxia selects for cells that show malignant progression; targeting hypoxic cells may provide greater clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Ming
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Co-Londonderry, United Kingdom
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Cózar JM, Solsona E, Morote J, Miñana B, Maroto JP, González Del Alba A, Climent MA, Carles J, Alcaraz A, Castellano D. [Recomendations on the management of controversies in advanced castrate-resistant prostate cancer]. Actas Urol Esp 2012; 36:569-77. [PMID: 22999347 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Controversies and uncertainties among integral management of advanced castration resistant prostate cancer continue to exist despite the number of evidence based clinical practice guidelines published with high international consensus. OBJECTIVE To develop a document that reviews the management of controversies in advanced castration resistant prostate cancer, with recommendations from the definition, to the management in hormonal maneuvers, first-line treatment and second-line with new treatments as cabazitaxel or abirarerone and the multidisciplinary approach of the pathology with the goal of finding the most efficient, best time to act and safety. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Two meetings of a multidisciplinary group of experts involved in the management of this disease (Oncologist and Urologist) where pooled analysis of original literature and reached consensus document of recommendations on castration resistant prostate cancer, reviewing and attempting to address the current controversies of the disease. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS This document is endorsed by the corresponding Scientific Associations and Working Groups involved in the current management of Genitourinary Tumours: the Spanish Association of Urology (AEU) with the Uro-Oncoloy Group (GUO) and the Spanish Oncology of Genitourinary Group (SOGUG). CONCLUSIONS With the adaptation and implementation of this Document of Recommendations for clinical practice are available for the first time, a real road map for quality, efficiency and safety in the management of patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cózar
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, España.
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Núñez C, Angulo J, Sánchez-Chapado M, Alonso S, Portillo J, Villavicencio H. Variability of the urological clinical practice in prostate cancer in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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