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Qian Y, Quan R, Chen X, Zhang G, Yang Y, Chen Y, Yu Z, Gu Q, Xiong C, Han H, He J. Clinical features and long-term survival in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with thyroid dysfunction: insights from a national multicentre prospective study. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00495-2023. [PMID: 38020561 PMCID: PMC10658611 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00495-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our objective was to clarify the characteristics and long-term survival of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients with thyroid dysfunction and compare them with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using prospectively collected data. IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction at baseline were included. Patients with other subgroups of PAH and Group 2-5 pulmonary hypertension were excluded. IPAH patients with euthyroid function were matched 1:1 to IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction by age and sex. Results In total, 148 IPAH patients with thyroid dysfunction were included. Patients with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism accounted for 16.2%, 18.9%, 8.1% and 56.8%, respectively. IPAH patients with hyperthyroidism showed the highest mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and the lowest pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) at baseline among subgroups, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had the lowest SvO2 and highest PVR (p<0.05). Compared with IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, patients with hyperthyroidism (9.14 versus 13.86 WU; p<0.05) and hypothyroidism (10.70 versus 13.86 WU; p<0.05) showed significantly lower PVR. The haemodynamic profiles of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were similar to IPAH with euthyroid function except for lower right atrial pressure (6 versus 8 mmHg; p=0.009). The long-term survival of patients with clinical thyroid dysfunction was better than IPAH without thyroid dysfunction, while that of those with subclinical diseases was comparable to the latter, even after adjusting for baseline haemodynamics and treatment. Conclusion IPAH patients with clinical hyper- and hypothyroidism had better haemodynamics and survival than those without thyroid dysfunction, while patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had similar haemodynamics and survival profiles to the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Qian
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruilin Quan
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxi Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gangcheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanhua Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zaixin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changming Xiong
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo He
- Department of Pulmonary Vascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
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Genome Editing to Abrogate Muscle Atrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:157-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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3
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Tapdiqov S, Taghiyev D, Zeynalov N, Safaraliyeva S, Fatullayeva S, Hummetov A, Raucci M, Mustafayev M, Jafarova R, Shirinova K. Cumulative release kinetics of levothyroxine-Na pentahydrate from chitosan/arabinogalactane based pH sensitive hydrogel and it's toxicology. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vrigkou E, Vassilatou E, Dima E, Langleben D, Kotanidou A, Tzanela M. The Role of Thyroid Disorders, Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus and Estrogen Exposure as Potential Modifiers for Pulmonary Hypertension. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040921. [PMID: 35207198 PMCID: PMC8874474 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disorder characterized by a chronic in-crease in pulmonary arterial pressure, frequently resulting in right-sided heart failure and potentially death. Co-existing medical conditions are important factors in PH, since they not only result in the genesis of the disorder, but may also contribute to its progression. Various studies have assessed the impact of thyroid disorders and other endocrine conditions (namely estrogen exposure, obesity, and diabetes mellitus) on the progression of PH. The complex interactions that hormones may have with the cardiovascular system and pulmonary vascular bed can create several pathogenetic routes that could explain the effects of endocrine disorders on PH development and evolution. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the role of concomitant thyroid disorders, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and estrogen exposure as potential modifiers for PH, and especially for pulmonary arterial hypertension, and to discuss possible pathogenetic routes linking them with PH. This information could be valuable for practicing clinicians so as to better evaluate and/or treat concomitant endocrine conditions in the PH population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Vrigkou
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.D.); (A.K.)
| | | | - Effrosyni Dima
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.D.); (A.K.)
| | - David Langleben
- Center for Pulmonary Vascular Disease, Azrieli Heart Center, Jewish General Hospital and McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece; (E.V.); (E.D.); (A.K.)
| | - Marinella Tzanela
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Center, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-694-4284-637
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Kakita-Kobayashi M, Murata H, Nishigaki A, Hashimoto Y, Komiya S, Tsubokura H, Kido T, Kida N, Tsuzuki-Nakao T, Matsuo Y, Bono H, Hirota K, Okada H. Thyroid Hormone Facilitates in vitro Decidualization of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells via Thyroid Hormone Receptors. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5815305. [PMID: 32242219 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal cells differentiate into decidual cells through the process of decidualization. This differentiation is critical for embryo implantation and the successful establishment of pregnancy. Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that thyroid hormone is important in the endometrium during implantation, and it is commonly believed that thyroid hormone is essential for proper development, differentiation, growth, and metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) and define its physiological roles in vitro by gene targeting. To identify the expression patterns of thyroid hormone, we performed gene expression profiling of hESCs during decidualization after treating them with the thyroid hormone levothyroxine (LT4). A major increase in decidual response was observed after combined treatment with ovarian steroid hormones and thyroid hormone. Moreover, LT4 treatment also affected the regulation of many transcription factors important for decidualization. We found that type 3 deiodinase, which is particularly important in fetal and placental tissues, was upregulated during decidualization in the presence of thyroid hormone. Further, it was observed that progesterone receptor, an ovarian steroid hormone receptor, was involved in thyroid hormone-induced decidualization. In the absence of thyroid hormone receptor (TR), due to the simultaneous silencing of TRα and TRβ, thyroid hormone expression was unchanged during decidualization. In summary, we demonstrated that thyroid hormone is essential for decidualization in the endometrium. This is the first in vitro study to find impaired decidualization as a possible cause of infertility in subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Murata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Komiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tsubokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kido
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Naoko Kida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuzuki-Nakao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Bono
- Database Center for Life Science (DBCLS), Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
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Rosenkranz S, Howard LS, Gomberg-Maitland M, Hoeper MM. Systemic Consequences of Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure. Circulation 2020; 141:678-693. [PMID: 32091921 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a feature of a variety of diseases and continues to harbor high morbidity and mortality. The main consequence of PH is right-sided heart failure which causes a complex clinical syndrome affecting multiple organ systems including left heart, brain, kidneys, liver, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal muscle, as well as the endocrine, immune, and autonomic systems. Interorgan crosstalk and interdependent mechanisms include hemodynamic consequences such as reduced organ perfusion and congestion as well as maladaptive neurohormonal activation, oxidative stress, hormonal imbalance, and abnormal immune cell signaling. These mechanisms, which may occur in acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic settings, are common and precipitate adverse functional and structural changes in multiple organs which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. While the systemic character of PH and right-sided heart failure is often neglected or underestimated, such consequences place additional burden on patients and may represent treatable traits in addition to targeted therapy of PH and underlying causes. Here, we highlight the current state-of-the-art understanding of the systemic consequences of PH and right-sided heart failure on multiple organ systems, focusing on self-perpetuating pathophysiological mechanisms, aspects of increased susceptibility of organ damage, and their reciprocal impact on the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Rosenkranz
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and Cologne Cardiovascular Research Center (CCRC), Heart Center at the University of Cologne, Germany (S.R.).,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany (S.R.)
| | - Luke S Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (L.S.H.)
| | | | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Germany (M.M.H.).,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (M.M.H.)
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Witczak JK, Ubaysekara N, Ravindran R, Rice S, Yousef Z, Premawardhana LD. Significant cardiac disease complicating Graves' disease in previously healthy young adults. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2020; 2020:EDM190132. [PMID: 31967967 PMCID: PMC6993248 DOI: 10.1530/edm-19-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Graves' disease is associated with tachydysrythmia, cardiac ischaemia and cardiomyopathy - all uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease. We present three young individuals who developed cardiac complications after periods of uncontrolled Graves' disease. Subject 1: A 34-year-old female had severe thyrotoxic symptoms for weeks. Investigations showed fT4: 98.4 (11-25 pmol/L), fT3: 46.9 (3.1-6.8 pmol/L), TSH <0.01 (0.27-4.2 mU/L) and thyrotrophin receptor antibody (TRAb): 34.8 (<0.9 U//l). She had appropriate treatment but several weeks later she became breathless despite improving thyroid function. Echocardiography showed a pericardial effusion of 2.9 cm. She responded well to steroids and NSAIDs but developed active severe Graves' orbitopathy after early total thyroidectomy. Subject 2: A 28-year-old male developed thyrotoxic symptoms (fT4: 38 pmol/L, fT3: 13.9 pmol/L, TSH <0.01 (for over 6 months) and TRAb: 9.3 U/L). One month after starting carbimazole, he developed acute heart failure (HF) due to severe dilated cardiomyopathy - EF 10-15%. He partially recovered after treatment - EF 28% and had early radioiodine treatment. Subject 3: A 42-year-old woman who had been thyrotoxic for several months (fT4: 54.3; fT3 >46.1; TSH <0.01; TRAb: 4.5) developed atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure. Echocardiography showed cardiomegaly - EF 29%. She maintains sinus rhythm following early total thyroidectomy (EF 50%). Significant cardiac complications may occur in previously fit young adults, who have had uncontrolled Graves' disease for weeks to months. Cardiac function recovers in the majority, but early definitive treatment should be discussed to avoid Graves' disease relapse and further cardiac decompensation. LEARNING POINTS Cardiac complications of Graves' disease are uncommon in young adults without previous cardiac disease. These complications may however occur if Graves' disease had been poorly controlled for several weeks or months prior to presentation. Persistent symptoms after adequate control should alert clinicians to the possibility of cardiac disease. Specific treatment of Graves' disease and appropriate cardiac intervention results in complete recovery in the majority and carries a good prognosis. Early definitive treatment should be offered to them to prevent cardiac decompensation at times of further relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Witczak
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Prince Phillip Hospital
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - N Ubaysekara
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - R Ravindran
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - S Rice
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Prince Phillip Hospital
| | - Z Yousef
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - L D Premawardhana
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
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Ucci S, Renzini A, Russi V, Mangialardo C, Cammarata I, Cavioli G, Santaguida MG, Virili C, Centanni M, Adamo S, Moresi V, Verga-Falzacappa C. Thyroid Hormone Protects from Fasting-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Promoting Metabolic Adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225754. [PMID: 31731814 PMCID: PMC6888244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate a wide range of cellular responses, via non-genomic and genomic actions, depending on cell-specific thyroid hormone transporters, co-repressors, or co-activators. Skeletal muscle has been identified as a direct target of thyroid hormone T3, where it regulates stem cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as myofiber metabolism. However, the effects of T3 in muscle-wasting conditions have not been yet addressed. Being T3 primarily responsible for the regulation of metabolism, we challenged mice with fasting and found that T3 counteracted starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Interestingly, T3 did not prevent the activation of the main catabolic pathways, i.e., the ubiquitin-proteasome or the autophagy-lysosomal systems, nor did it stimulate de novo muscle synthesis in starved muscles. Transcriptome analyses revealed that T3 mainly affected the metabolic processes in starved muscle. Further analyses of myofiber metabolism revealed that T3 prevented the starvation-mediated metabolic shift, thus preserving skeletal muscle mass. Our study elucidated new T3 functions in regulating skeletal muscle homeostasis and metabolism in pathological conditions, opening to new potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarassunta Ucci
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Alessandra Renzini
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Valentina Russi
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Claudia Mangialardo
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
| | - Giorgia Cavioli
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Maria Giulia Santaguida
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Adamo
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Viviana Moresi
- DAHFMO Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (G.C.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cecilia Verga-Falzacappa
- Pasteur Institute, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.U.); (V.R.); (C.M.); (I.C.); (C.V.-F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (M.G.S.); (C.V.); (M.C.)
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9
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Talhada D, Santos CRA, Gonçalves I, Ruscher K. Thyroid Hormones in the Brain and Their Impact in Recovery Mechanisms After Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1103. [PMID: 31681160 PMCID: PMC6814074 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are of fundamental importance for brain development and essential factors to warrant brain functions throughout life. Their actions are mediated by binding to specific intracellular and membranous receptors regulating genomic and non-genomic mechanisms in neurons and populations of glial cells, respectively. Among others, mechanisms include the regulation of neuronal plasticity processes, stimulation of angiogenesis and neurogenesis as well modulating the dynamics of cytoskeletal elements and intracellular transport processes. These mechanisms overlap with those that have been identified to enhance recovery of lost neurological functions during the first weeks and months after ischemic stroke. Stimulation of thyroid hormone signaling in the postischemic brain might be a promising therapeutic strategy to foster endogenous mechanisms of repair. Several studies have pointed to a significant association between thyroid hormones and outcome after stroke. With this review, we will provide an overview on functions of thyroid hormones in the healthy brain and summarize their mechanisms of action in the developing and adult brain. Also, we compile the major thyroid-modulated molecular pathways in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke that can enhance recovery, highlighting thyroid hormones as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Talhada
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecília Reis Alves Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab-Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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10
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Taylor E, Heyland A. Evolution of thyroid hormone signaling in animals: Non-genomic and genomic modes of action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:14-20. [PMID: 28549993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Much research has focused on vertebrate thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis and their function in development and metabolism. While important differences in TH synthesis and signaling exist, comparative studies between vertebrates fail to explain the evolutionary origins of this important regulatory axis. For that, one needs to make sense out of the diverse TH effects which have been described in invertebrate phyla but for which a mechanistic understanding is largely missing. Almost every major group of non-vertebrate animals possesses the capability to synthesize and metabolize thyroid hormones and there is evidence for a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor mediated mechanism in the bilateria, especially in molluscs, echinoderms, cephalochordates and ascidians. Still, genomic pathways cannot fully explain many observed effects of thyroid hormones in groups such as cnidarians, molluscs, and echinoderms and it is therefore possible that TH may signal via other mechanisms, such as non-genomic signaling systems via membrane bound or cytoplasmic receptors. Here we provide a brief review of TH actions in selected invertebrate species and discuss the hypothesis that non-genomic TH action may have played a critical role in TH signaling throughout animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Taylor
- University of Guelph, Integrative Biology, Canada
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11
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Scicchitano P, Dentamaro I, Tunzi F, Ricci G, Carbonara S, Devito F, Zito A, Ciampolillo A, Ciccone MM. Pulmonary hypertension in thyroid diseases. Endocrine 2016; 54:578-587. [PMID: 26994930 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The influence of thyroid hormones on cardiovascular system is well established. Thyroid diseases can effectively enhance the alteration on cardiovascular system by influencing chronotropic and inotropic actions of the heart; altering the strength and the speed of contraction, the speed of relaxation, the duration of the potential of action, and the duration of the refractory period and atrio-ventricular conduction time; modulating circulation and peripheral vascular beds. One of the more intriguing insights in the connection between thyroid diseases and cardiovascular alterations is related to the evaluation of the influence of thyroid hormones on pulmonary vascular beds. Literature reported several studies regarding the association between both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and the occurrence of increased vascular pulmonary arterial pressure. Nevertheless, the pathogenetic mechanisms able to explain such relationship are not fully understood. Many doubts still persist in the comprehension of the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension in thyroid diseases. The aim of this review was to provide possible explanation about the possible interaction between pulmonary vascular beds and thyroid function in order to evaluate the possibility of novel perspectives in the general management of patients suffering from thyroid and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Dentamaro
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Tunzi
- Cardiology Section, Hospital of Gallipoli, ASL LE, Gallipoli, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ricci
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Santa Carbonara
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Fiorella Devito
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Annapaola Zito
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Ciampolillo
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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12
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Saran S, Gupta BS, Philip R, Singh KS, Bende SA, Agroiya P, Agrawal P. Effect of hypothyroidism on female reproductive hormones. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2016; 20:108-113. [PMID: 26904478 PMCID: PMC4743370 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.172245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Objective was to evaluate reproductive hormones levels in hypothyroid women and impact of treatment on their levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 59 women with untreated primary hypothyroidism were included in this prospective study. Venous blood was taken at baseline and after euthyroidism was achieved for measuring serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), and thyroid peroxidase antibody. Thirty-nine healthy women with regular menstrual cycles without any hormonal disturbances served as controls. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 20 ([SPSS] IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS On an average at diagnosis cases have more serum TSH (mean [M] = 77.85; standard error [SE] = 11.72), PRL (M = 39.65; SE = 4.13) and less serum E2 (M = 50.00; SE = 2.25) and T (M = 35.40; SE = 2.31) than after achieving euthyroidism (M = 1.74; SE = 0.73), (M = 16.04; SE = 0.84), (M = 76.25; SE = 2.60), and (M = 40.29; SE = 2.27), respectively. This difference was statistically significant t (58) = 6.48, P <0.05; t (58) = 6.49, P < 0.05; t (58) = 12.47; P < 0.05; and t (58) = 2.04, P < 0.05; respectively. Although average serum FSH (M = 12.14; SE = 0.40) and LH (M = 5.89; SE = 0.27) were lower in cases at diagnosis than after achieving euthyroidism (M = 12.70; SE = 0.40), (M = 6.22; SE = 0.25), respectively, but these differences were statistically insignificant t (58) = 1.61, P = 0.11; t (58) = 1.11, P = 0.27, respectively. CONCLUSION The study has demonstrated low E2 and T levels in hypothyroid women which were increased after achieving euthyroidism. Although average serum FSH and LH were increased in hypothyroid women after achieving euthyroidism but this difference was statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Saran
- Department of Endocrinology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bharti Sona Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Philip
- Department of Endocrinology, Pushpagiri Medical College, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Sanjeev Singh
- Department of Medicine, King George Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Puspalata Agroiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, LLRM Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Agrawal
- Hormone Care and Research Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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