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Vasu MM, Koshy L, Ganapathi S, Jeemon P, Urulangodi M, Gopala S, Greeva P, Anitha A, Reethu S, Divya P, Shamla S, Sumitha K, Madhavan M, Vineeth CP, Kochumoni R, Harikrishnan S. Identification of novel endogenous control miRNAs in heart failure for normalization of qPCR data. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129714. [PMID: 38286377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding RNAs, are utilized as biomarkers for a wide range of disorders. Circulating miRNAs are proposed as potential markers in the clinical identification of heart failure (HF). However, identifying miRNA biomarkers in HF requires identification of robust endogenous control miRNAs for normalization in differential expression analysis. Hence, this study aimed to identify circulating miRNAs that can be utilized as endogenous controls in HF. We evaluated the expression of eight miRNAs, which were previously reported as endogenous controls in different pathological conditions. Total RNA, including miRNA, was extracted from the serum samples of 30 HF patients (15 HFrEF and 15 HFpEF) and their matched controls (n = 15). We used quantitative PCR to determine the miRNA expression. The stability of the selected endogenous miRNAs was assessed and compared using a standard set of criteria with the RefFinder software. Six of the eight miRNAs analyzed showed consistent expression among all sample groups. Stability analysis ranked hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-148b-3p, and hsa-miR-484 as the most stable miRNAs, indicating their potential as reliable endogenous controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Mundalil Vasu
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Linda Koshy
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjay Ganapathi
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India; Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Panniyammakal Jeemon
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Madhusoodanan Urulangodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Philip Greeva
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ayyappan Anitha
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Kavalappara, Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Salim Reethu
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Prasad Divya
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Shajahan Shamla
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Sumitha
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Madhuma Madhavan
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - C Purushothaman Vineeth
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Rajamoni Kochumoni
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan
- Centre for Advanced Research and Excellence in Heart Failure (CARE-HF), Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India; Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum 695011, Kerala, India.
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2
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Searles CD. MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:51-60. [PMID: 38206553 PMCID: PMC10844442 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-02014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-short, non-coding RNAs-play important roles in almost all aspects of cardiovascular biology, and changes in intracellular miRNA expression are indicative of cardiovascular disease development and progression. Extracellular miRNAs, which are easily measured in blood and can be reflective of changes in intracellular miRNA levels, have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding miRNAs as biomarkers for assessing cardiovascular disease risk and prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies over the last 10-15 years have identified associations between extracellular miRNA profiles and cardiovascular disease, supporting the potential use of extracellular miRNAs as biomarkers for risk stratification. However, clinical application of extracellular miRNA profiles has been hampered by poor reproducibility and inter-study variability that is due largely to methodological differences between studies. While recent studies indicate that circulating extracellular miRNAs are promising biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, evidence for clinical implementation is lacking. This highlights the need for larger, well-designed studies that use standardized methods for sample preparation, miRNA isolation, quantification, and normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Searles
- Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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3
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Węgiel M, Surmiak M, Malinowski KP, Dziewierz A, Surdacki A, Bartuś S, Rakowski T. In-Hospital Levels of Circulating MicroRNAs as Potential Predictors of Left Ventricular Remodeling Post-Myocardial Infarction. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:149. [PMID: 38256409 PMCID: PMC10819680 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Biochemical and molecular regulation of both adaptive and pathological responses of heart tissue to ischemic injury is widely investigated. However, it is still not fully understood. Several biomarkers are tested as predictors of left ventricle (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between selected microRNAs (miRNAs) and LV function and morphology in patients after MI. Materials and Methods: Selected miRNAs related to heart failure were assessed in the acute phase of MI: miR-150-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-22-5p. Echocardiography with 3D imaging was performed at baseline and after 6 months. Remodeling was defined as >20% increase in LV end-diastolic volume, whereas reverse remodeling was defined as >10% reduction in LV end-systolic volume. Results: Eighty patients entered the registry. Remodeling occurred in 26% and reverse remodeling was reported in 51% of patients. In the presented study, none of the analyzed miRNAs were found to be a significant LV remodeling predictor. The observed correlations between miRNAs and other circulating biomarkers of myocardial remodeling were relatively weak. Conclusions: Our analysis does not demonstrate an association between the analyzed miRNAs and LV remodeling in patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Węgiel
- Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Malinowski
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Dziewierz
- Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Surdacki
- Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Bartuś
- Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rakowski
- Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.W.); (A.D.); (S.B.)
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Zaborska B, Sikora-Frąc M, Smarż K, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Budaj A, Sitkiewicz D, Sygitowicz G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Heart Failure-The Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13111. [PMID: 37685918 PMCID: PMC10488150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important factor in the pathophysiology of HF, mainly due to its role in cardiac fibrosis, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling. Fibrosis is a hallmark of cardiac remodeling, HF, and atrial fibrillation development. This review aims to explore the involvement of Gal-3 in HF and its role in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnostic and prognostic significance. We report data on Gal-3 structure and molecular mechanisms of biological function crucial for HF development. Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown an association between echocardiographic and CMR biomarkers in HF and Gal-3 serum concentration. We discuss facts and concerns about Gal-3's utility in acute and chronic HF with preserved and reduced ejection fraction for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification. Finally, we present attempts to use Gal-3 as a therapeutic target in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frąc
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Smarż
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (B.Z.); (M.S.-F.); (E.P.-P.); (A.B.)
| | - Dariusz Sitkiewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (G.S.)
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5
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Abbas Syed R, Davey MG, Richard V, Miller N, Kerin MJ. Biological Implications of MicroRNAs as Regulators and Biomarkers of Therapeutic Toxicities in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12694. [PMID: 37628874 PMCID: PMC10454054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary breast cancer management includes surgical resection combined with a multimodal approach, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapies. Breast cancer treatment is now personalised in accordance with disease and host factors, which has translated to enhanced outcomes for the vast majority of patients. Unfortunately, the treatment of the disease involves patients developing treatment-induced toxicities, with cardiovascular and metabolic side effects having negative implications for long-term quality-of-life metrics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding ribonucleic acids that are 17 to 25 nucleotides in length, which have utility in modifying genetic expression by working at a post-transcriptional cellular level. miRNAs have involvement in modulating breast cancer development, which is well described, with these biomarkers acting as important regulators of disease, as well as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers. This review focuses on highlighting the role of miRNAs as regulators and biomarkers of disease, particularly in breast cancer management, with a specific mention of the potential value of miRNAs in predicting treatment-related cardiovascular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Abbas Syed
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland; (M.G.D.)
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6
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Pugliese NR, Pellicori P, Filidei F, De Biase N, Maffia P, Guzik TJ, Masi S, Taddei S, Cleland JGF. Inflammatory pathways in heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: implications for future interventions. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 118:3536-3555. [PMID: 36004819 PMCID: PMC9897694 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many patients with symptoms and signs of heart failure have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%, termed heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is a heterogeneous syndrome mainly affecting older people who have many other cardiac and non-cardiac conditions that often cast doubt on the origin of symptoms, such as breathlessness, or signs, such as peripheral oedema, rendering them neither sensitive nor specific to the diagnosis of HFpEF. Currently, management of HFpEF is mainly directed at controlling symptoms and treating comorbid conditions such as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, anaemia, and coronary artery disease. HFpEF is also characterized by a persistent increase in inflammatory biomarkers. Inflammation may be a key driver of the development and progression of HFpEF and many of its associated comorbidities. Detailed characterization of specific inflammatory pathways may provide insights into the pathophysiology of HFpEF and guide its future management. There is growing interest in novel therapies specifically designed to target deregulated inflammation in many therapeutic areas, including cardiovascular disease. However, large-scale clinical trials investigating the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatments in HFpEF are still lacking. In this manuscript, we review the role of inflammation in HFpEF and the possible implications for future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Francesco Filidei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Nicolò De Biase
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow 31-008, Poland
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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7
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Du Y, Wu T. Heart failure and cancer: From active exposure to passive adaption. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:992011. [PMID: 36304546 PMCID: PMC9592839 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.992011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body seems like a "balance integrator." On the one hand, the body constantly actively receives various outside stimuli and signals to induce changes. On the other hand, several internal regulations would be initiated to adapt to these changes. In most cases, the body could keep the balance in vitro and in vivo to reach a healthy body. However, in some cases, the body can only get to a pathological balance. Actively exposed to unhealthy lifestyles and passively adapting to individual primary diseases lead to a similarly inner environment for both heart failure and cancer. To cope with these stimuli, the body must activate the system regulation mechanism and face the mutual interference. This review summarized the association between heart failure and cancer from active exposure to passive adaption. Moreover, we hope to inspire researchers to contemplate these two diseases from the angle of overall body consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Du
- Ningbo Institute of Medical Science, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Tao Wu,
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8
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Brown C, Mantzaris M, Nicolaou E, Karanasiou G, Papageorgiou E, Curigliano G, Cardinale D, Filippatos G, Memos N, Naka KK, Papakostantinou A, Vogazianos P, Ioulianou E, Shammas C, Constantinidou A, Tozzi F, Fotiadis DI, Antoniades A. A systematic review of miRNAs as biomarkers for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients reveals potentially clinically informative panels as well as key challenges in miRNA research. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY 2022; 8:16. [PMID: 36071532 PMCID: PMC9450324 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-022-00142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer patients are at a particularly high risk of cardiotoxicity from chemotherapy having a detrimental effect on quality-of-life parameters and increasing the risk of mortality. Prognostic biomarkers would allow the management of therapies to mitigate the risks of cardiotoxicity in vulnerable patients and a key potential candidate for such biomarkers are microRNAs (miRNA). miRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression which can also be released into the circulatory system and have been associated with the progression of many chronic diseases including many types of cancer. In this review, the evidence for the potential application of miRNAs as biomarkers for chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity (CIC) in breast cancer patientsis evaluated and a simple meta-analysis is performed to confirm the replication status of each reported miRNA. Further selection of miRNAs is performed by reviewing the reported associations of each miRNA with other cardiovascular conditions. Based on this research, the most representative panels targeting specific chemotherapy agents and treatment regimens are suggested, that contain several informative miRNAs, including both general markers of cardiac damage as well as those for the specific cancer treatments.
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9
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Circulating and Platelet MicroRNAs in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Antiplatelet Therapy Monitoring. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071763. [PMID: 35407371 PMCID: PMC8999342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs) are small molecules that take part in the regulation of gene expression. Their function has been extensively investigated in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most recently, miRNA expression levels have been suggested as potential biomarkers of platelet reactivity or response to antiplatelet therapy and tools for risk stratification for recurrence of ischemic evens. Among these, miR-126 and miR-223 have been found to be of particular interest. Despite numerous studies aimed at understanding the prognostic value of miRNA levels, no final conclusions have been drawn thus far regarding their utility in clinical practice. The aim of this review is to critically appraise the evidence on the association between miRNA expression, cardiovascular risk and on-treatment platelet reactivity as well as provide insights on future developments in the field.
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Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Mone P, Jankauskas SS, Santulli G. Functional Role of microRNAs in Regulating Cardiomyocyte Death. Cells 2022; 11:983. [PMID: 35326433 PMCID: PMC8946783 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA, miRs) play crucial roles in cardiovascular disease regulating numerous processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and cell death. Herein, we present an updated and comprehensive overview of the functional involvement of miRs in the regulation of cardiomyocyte death, a central event in acute myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure. Specifically, in this systematic review we are focusing on necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (F.V.); (P.M.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (F.V.); (P.M.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (F.V.); (P.M.); (S.S.J.)
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (F.V.); (P.M.); (S.S.J.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (U.K.); (F.V.); (P.M.); (S.S.J.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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11
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The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential of Galectin-3 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010046. [PMID: 35053194 PMCID: PMC8774137 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 plays a prominent role in chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the development of many disease conditions, including heart disease. Galectin-3, a regulatory protein, is elevated in both acute and chronic heart failure and is involved in the inflammatory pathway after injury leading to myocardial tissue remodelling. We discussed the potential utility of galectin-3 as a diagnostic and disease severity/prognostic biomarker in different cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, such as acute ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Over the last decade there has been a marked increase in the understanding the role of galectin-3 in myocardial fibrosis and inflammation and as a therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial infarction.
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12
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Błażejowska E, Urbanowicz T, Gąsecka A, Olasińska-Wiśniewska A, Jaguszewski MJ, Targoński R, Szarpak Ł, Filipiak KJ, Perek B, Jemielity M. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of miRNAs after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1350. [PMID: 34943265 PMCID: PMC8698870 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MiRNAs are noncoding, 21-24 nucleotide-long RNA particles that control over 60% of genes. MiRNAs affect gene expression through binding to the 3'-untranslated region of messenger RNA (mRNA), thus inhibiting mRNA translation or inducing mRNA degradation. MiRNAs have been associated with various cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, or ischemic heart disease. In addition, miRNA expression alters during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, which could be used to predict perioperative outcomes. CABG is an operation in which complex coronary arteries stenosis is treated by bypassing atherosclerotic lesions with venous or arterial grafts. Despite a very low perioperative mortality rate and excellent long-term survival, CABG is associated with postoperative complications, including reperfusion injury, graft failure, atrial fibrillation and perioperative myocardial infarction. So far, no reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools to predict prognosis after CABG have been developed. Changes in the perioperative miRNA expression levels could improve the diagnosis of post-CABG myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation and could be used to stratify risk after CABG. Herein, we describe the expression changes of different subtypes of miRNAs during CABG and review the diagnostic and prognostic utility of miRNAs in patients undergoing CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Błażejowska
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Urbanowicz
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Miłosz J. Jaguszewski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.J.); (R.T.)
| | - Radosław Targoński
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (M.J.J.); (R.T.)
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, 03-411 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (T.U.); (A.O.-W.); (B.P.); (M.J.)
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13
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Zaborska B, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Makowska E, Sygitowicz G, Słomski T, Zaborski M, Budaj A. Prognostic value of galectin-3 and right ventricular function for long-term mortality in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21390. [PMID: 34725435 PMCID: PMC8560838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, associations between the biomarker galectin-3 and numerous pathological processes involved in heart failure (HF) and right ventricular (RV) function have been observed. We aimed to assess the long-term prognostic ability of galectin-3 and RV function parameters for all-cause mortality in HF patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We prospectively studied 63 symptomatic HF patients with a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35%. The median serum galectin-3 concentration was 13.4 ng/mL (IQR 11.05, 17.15). A detailed assessment of LV and RV geometry and function was performed with echocardiography. CRT defibrillator implantation was achieved in all patients without major complications. The follow-up lasted 5 years. In the multivariable Cox regression model, independent predictors for all-cause mortality were log baseline galectin-3 and baseline RV function expressed as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion with HR 2.96 (p = 0.037) and HR 0.88 (p = 0.023), respectively. Analysis of subgroups defined by galectin-3 concentration and CRT response showed that patients with high baseline galectin-3 concentrations and a lack of response to CRT had a significantly lower probability of survival. In our patient cohort, the baseline galectin-3 concentration and RV function were independent predictors of long-term all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients following CRT implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Makowska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Sygitowicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Słomski
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, Grenadierów 51/59, 04-073, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Fibrosis and Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194430. [PMID: 34640448 PMCID: PMC8509789 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis are highly complex. We have reviewed the literature that covers the effectors, signal transduction and physiopathogenesis concerning extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation and atrial fibrosis in atrial fibrillation (AF). At the molecular level: angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-β1, inflammation, and oxidative stress are particularly important for ECM dysregulation and atrial fibrotic remodelling in AF. We conclude that the Ang-II-MAPK and TGF-β1-Smad signalling pathways play a major, central role in regulating atrial fibrotic remodelling in AF. The above signalling pathways induce the expression of genes encoding profibrotic molecules (MMP, CTGF, TGF-β1). An important mechanism is also the generation of reactive oxygen species. This pathway induced by the interaction of Ang II with the AT2R receptor and the activation of NADPH oxidase. Additionally, the interplay between cardiac MMPs and their endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs, is thought to be critical in atrial ECM metabolism and fibrosis. We also review recent evidence about the role of changes in the miRNAs expression in AF pathophysiology and their potential as therapeutic targets. Furthermore, keeping the balance between miRNA molecules exerting anti-/profibrotic effects is of key importance for the control of atrial fibrosis in AF.
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15
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Mohammadi A, Balizadeh Karami AR, Dehghan Mashtani V, Sahraei T, Bandani Tarashoki Z, Khattavian E, Mobarak S, Moradi Kazerouni H, Radmanesh E. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Expression of MicroRNA-208a and MicroRNA-1 in Cardiovascular Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 10:183-196. [PMID: 34604408 PMCID: PMC8480300 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA expression signature and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and the expression of miRNA-208a and miRNA-1 in cardiovascular patients. METHODS The study population included four types of patients (acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, and heart failure (HF)), with 10 people in each group, as well as a control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to measure mir-208 and miR-1 expression, the mRNAs of inflammatory mediators (TNFα, iNOS/eNOS), and apoptotic factors (Bax and Bcl2). XOX, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) were measured by ZellBio GmbH kits by an ELISA Reader. RESULTS The results showed significant decreases in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and Gpx) and a significant increase in the activity of the MDA and XOX in cardiovascular patients. Significant increases in IL-10, iNos, iNOS / eNOS, and TNF-α in cardiovascular patients were also observed. Also, a significant increase in the expression of miR-208 (HF> arrhythmia> ACS> MI) and a significant decrease in the expression of miR-1 (ACS> arrhythmia> HF> MI) were found in all four groups in cardiovascular patients. CONCLUSION The results showed increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic factors, and in the expression of miR-208a in a variety of cardiovascular patients (ACS, MI, arrhythmia, and HF). It is suggested that future studies determine the relationships that miR-1, miR-208, and oxidative stress indices have with inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ehsan Khattavian
- Student Research Committee, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| | - Sara Mobarak
- Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| | | | - Esmat Radmanesh
- Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
- Corresponding author: Esmat Radmanesh; Tel: +98 9171438307; E-mail:
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16
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Wang X, Chen X, Xu H, Zhou S, Zheng Y, Keller BB, Cai L. Emerging roles of microRNA-208a in cardiology and reverse cardio-oncology. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2172-2194. [PMID: 33533026 DOI: 10.1002/med.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer, which are the leading causes of mortality globally, have been viewed as two distinct diseases. However, the fact that cancer and CVDs may coincide has been noted by cardiologists when taking care of patients with CVDs caused by cancer chemotherapy; this entity is designated cardio-oncology. More recently, patients with CVDs have also been found to have increased risk of cancers, termed reverse cardio-oncology. Although reverse cardio-oncology has been highlighted as an important disease state in recent studies, how the diseased heart affects cancer and the potential mediators of the crosstalk between CVDs and cancer are largely unknown. Here, we focus on the roles of cardiac-specific microRNA-208a (miR-208a) in cardiac and cancer biology and explore its essential roles in reverse cardio-oncology. Accumulating evidence has shown that within the heart, increased miR-208a promotes myocardial injury, arrhythmia, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction and that secreted miR-208a in the circulation may have novel roles in promoting tumor proliferation and invasion. This review, therefore, provides insights into the novel roles of miR-208a in reverse cardio-oncology and strategies to prevent secondary carcinogenesis in patients with early- or late-stage heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Burn Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Bu S, Singh KK. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Cardiovascular Pathobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126544. [PMID: 34207151 PMCID: PMC8235464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of debilitation and mortality worldwide, with a need for cost-effective therapeutics. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic recycling pathway triggered by various intra- or extracellular stimuli to play an essential role in development and pathologies, including CVDs. Accordingly, there is great interest in identifying mechanisms that govern autophagic regulation. Autophagic regulation is very complex and multifactorial that includes epigenetic pathways, such as histone modifications to regulate autophagy-related gene expression, decapping-associated mRNA degradation, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs; pathways are also known to play roles in CVDs. Molecular understanding of epigenetic-based pathways involved in autophagy and CVDs not only will enhance the understanding of CVDs, but may also provide novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishna K. Singh
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-661-2111 (ext. 80542) (Office) or (ext. 85683) (Lab)
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18
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Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM. MicroRNAs as monitoring markers for right-sided heart failure and congestive hepatopathy. J Med Life 2021; 14:142-147. [PMID: 34104236 PMCID: PMC8169151 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decades showed a worrying increase in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases towards different stages of heart failure (HF), as a stigma of the western lifestyle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, which are approximately 22-nucleotide long, were shown to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. miRNAs research is of high interest nowadays, as these molecules display mechanisms of action that can influence the course of evolution of common chronic diseases, including HF. The potential of post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs concerning the diagnosis, management, and therapy for HF represents a new promising approach in the accurate assessment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to assess the current knowledge of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, especially right-sided heart failure and hepatomegaly. Moreover, attention is focused on their role as potential molecular biomarkers and more promising aspects involving miRNAs as future therapeutic targets in the pathophysiology of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu
- Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency University Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Daiber A, Hahad O, Andreadou I, Steven S, Daub S, Münzel T. Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101875. [PMID: 33541847 PMCID: PMC8113038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global epidemiological studies show that chronic non-communicable diseases such as atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders represent the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Cardiovascular disease such as ischemic heart disease is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and the socioeconomic health costs. Clinical and epidemiological data show an association of typical oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products, 3-nitrotyrosine or oxidized DNA/RNA bases with all major cardiovascular diseases. This supports the concept that the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by various sources (NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial respiratory chain) represents a hallmark of the leading cardiovascular comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. These reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can lead to oxidative damage but also adverse redox signaling at the level of kinases, calcium handling, inflammation, epigenetic control, circadian clock and proteasomal system. The in vivo footprints of these adverse processes (redox biomarkers) are discussed in the present review with focus on their clinical relevance, whereas the details of their mechanisms of formation and technical aspects of their detection are only briefly mentioned. The major categories of redox biomarkers are summarized and explained on the basis of suitable examples. Also the potential prognostic value of redox biomarkers is critically discussed to understand what kind of information they can provide but also what they cannot achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Omar Hahad
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Daub
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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20
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Wang Q, Yang X, Song Y, Sun X, Li W, Zhang L, Hu X, Wang H, Zhao N, Zhuang R, Xie X, Tang F, Wang H. Astragaloside IV-targeting miRNA-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Life Sci 2021; 275:119414. [PMID: 33774032 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), the major active constituent purified from Astragalus membranaceus, was previously reported to have protective effects against cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of AS-IV on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction and explored the potential mechanism by focusing on miRNA-1 (miR-1) at the animal and cellular levels. A series of methods were used, including echocardiography, flow cytometry, ELISA, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, RT-PCR, and western blotting. The results showed that both AS-IV and the miR-1 inhibitor improved cardiac dysfunction, reduced heart injury, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, and regulated the expression of calcium- and mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in the heart tissue of rats treated with LPS. Importantly, AS-IV downregulated the expression of miR-1 mRNA in heart tissue. All effects of AS-IV were at least partly abolished by miR-1 mimics. In the in vitro study, both AS-IV and the miR-1 inhibitor inhibited apoptosis and autophagy and regulated the expression of calcium- and mitochondrial energy metabolism-related proteins in heart cells treated with LPS. Similarly, AS-IV downregulated the expression of miR-1 mRNA in heart cells. All effects of AS-IV on cells were at least partly abolished by miR-1 mimics. Furthermore, miR-1 mimics exhibited effects similar to LPS both in animal and cellular studies. Taken together, these results suggest that AS-IV protects against LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting calcium-mediated apoptosis and autophagy by targeting miR-1, highlighting a new mechanism for the therapeutic effect of AS-IV on cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Song
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Resources Liaojian Group, General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Group (10th Clinical College of China Medical University), Fuxin, 123000, Liaoning, China
| | - Wentao Li
- Jinzhou Inspection and Testing Certification Center, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueling Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruming Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinling Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China.
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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21
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Safa A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Majidpoor J, Abak A, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. miR-1: A comprehensive review of its role in normal development and diverse disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110903. [PMID: 33096351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a conserved miRNA with high expression in the muscle tissues. In humans, two discrete genes, MIRN1-1 and MIRN1-2 residing on a genomic region on 18q11.2 produce a single mature miRNA which has 21 nucleotides. miR-1 has a regulatory role on a number of genes including heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and Heart And Neural Crest Derivatives Expressed 2 (HAND2). miR-1 has critical roles in the physiological processes in the smooth and skeletal muscles as well as other tissues, thus being involved in the pathogenesis of a wide range of disorders. Moreover, dysregulation of miR-1 has been noted in diverse types of cancers including gastric, colorectal, breast, prostate and lung cancer. In the current review, we provide the summary of the data regarding the role of this miRNA in the normal development and the pathogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Safa
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciecnes, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Duică F, Condrat CE, Dănila CA, Boboc AE, Radu MR, Xiao J, Li X, Creţoiu SM, Suciu N, Creţoiu D, Predescu DV. MiRNAs: A Powerful Tool in Deciphering Gynecological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591181. [PMID: 33194751 PMCID: PMC7646292 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence on the clinical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer prevention and control has revealed the emergence of new genetic techniques that have improved the understanding of the mechanisms essential for pathology induction and progression. Comprehension of the modifications and individual differences of miRNAs and their interactions in the pathogenesis of gynecological malignancies, together with an understanding of the phenotypic variations have considerably improved the management of the diagnosis and personalized treatment for different forms of cancer. In recent years, miRNAs have emerged as signaling molecules in biological pathways involved in different categories of cancer and it has been demonstrated that these molecules could regulate cancer-relevant processes, our focus being on malignancies of the gynecologic tract. The aim of this paper is to summarize novel research findings in the literature regarding the parts that miRNAs play in cancer-relevant processes, specifically regarding gynecological malignancy, while emphasizing their pivotal role in the disruption of cancer-related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Duică
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Condrat
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cezara Alina Dănila
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Elena Boboc
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Raluca Radu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanda Maria Creţoiu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş Creţoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Bucharest, Romania.,Cellular and Molecular Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragoş-Valentin Predescu
- Department of General Surgery, Sf. Maria Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Galectin-3 is related to right ventricular dysfunction in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and may affect exercise capacity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16682. [PMID: 33028850 PMCID: PMC7542167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is a biomarker of fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, and its role in heart remodelling and exercise intolerance has not been conclusively proven in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (rEF). We prospectively assessed 67 consecutive patients with symptomatic HF and left ventricular (LV) EF ≤ 35% during optimal medical therapy, with a mean serum galectin-3 concentration of 15.3 ± 6.4 and a median of 13.5 ng/mL. The group with galectin-3 concentrations greater than or equal to the median had significantly worse right ventricular (RV) systolic function parameters (s′, TAPSE), higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, more advanced tricuspid regurgitation and lower RV-to-pulmonary circulation coupling index, while no significant differences were found in LV parameters. Moreover, this group achieved significantly lower parameters in cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Significant negative correlations were found between galectin-3 concentration and RV parameters and exercise capacity parameters and have persisted after adjustment for glomerular filtration rate, but not all of them have persisted after adjustment for NT-proBNP. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that TAPSE (β coefficient: − 0.605; p < 0.001) and heart rate at peak exercise (β coefficient: − 0.98; p = 0.009) were independently related to galectin-3 concentration. Elevated galectin-3 concentration in patients with HFrEF might indicate concomitant RV dysfunction and exercise intolerance.
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Cammarata G, Duro G, Chiara TD, Curto AL, Taverna S, Candore G. Circulating miRNAs in Successful and Unsuccessful Aging. A Mini-review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:4150-4153. [PMID: 31742494 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191119091644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial process that affects the organisms at genetic, molecular and cellular levels. This process modifies several tissues with a negative impact on cells physiology, tissues and organs functionality, altering their regeneration capacity. The chronic low-grade inflammation typical of aging, defined as inflammaging, is a common biological factor responsible for the decline and beginning of the disease in age. A murine parabiosis model that combines the vascular system of old and young animals, suggests that soluble factors released by young individuals may improve the regenerative potential of old tissue. Therefore, circulating factors have a key role in the induction of aging phenotype. Moreover, lifestyle can influence the physiological status of multiple organs, via epigenetic mechanisms. Recently, microRNAs are considered potential sensors of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Cammarata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Duro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Curto
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Taverna
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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25
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microRNAs as promising biomarkers of platelet activity in antiplatelet therapy monitoring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103477. [PMID: 32423125 PMCID: PMC7278969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), novel biomarkers for platelet reactivity are urgently needed. Ischemic events in CVDs are causally linked to platelets, small anucleate cells important for hemostasis. The major side-effect of antiplatelet therapy are life-threatening bleeding events. Current platelet function tests are not sufficient in guiding treatment decisions. Platelets host a broad spectrum of microRNAs (miRNAs) and are a major source of cell-free miRNAs in the blood stream. Platelet-related miRNAs have been suggested as biomarkers of platelet activation and assessment of antiplatelet therapy responsiveness. Platelets release miRNAs upon activation, possibly leading to alterations of plasma miRNA levels in conjunction with CVD or inadequate platelet inhibition. Unlike current platelet function tests, which measure platelet activation ex vivo, signatures of platelet-related miRNAs potentially enable the assessment of in vivo platelet reactivity. Evidence suggests that some miRNAs are responsive to platelet inhibition, making them promising biomarker candidates. In this review, we explain the secretion of miRNAs upon platelet activation and discuss the potential use of platelet-related miRNAs as biomarkers for CVD and antiplatelet therapy monitoring, but also highlight remaining gaps in our knowledge and uncertainties regarding clinical utility. We also elaborate on technical issues and limitations concerning plasma miRNA quantification.
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26
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Meiri E, Volinsky N, Dromi N, Kredo-Russo S, Benjamin H, Tabak S, Marmor H, Motin M, Lebanony D, Lithwick-Yanai G, Kadosh E, Kreader C, Grosman-Rimon L, Amir O. Differential expression of microRNA in serum fractions and association of Argonaute 1 microRNAs with heart failure. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6586-6595. [PMID: 32400052 PMCID: PMC7299714 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum or plasma microRNA (miRNA) molecules have been suggested as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, in various pathological conditions. However, these molecules are also found in different serum fractions, such as exosomes and Argonaute (Ago) protein complexes. Ago1 is the predominant Ago protein expressed in heart tissue. The objective of the study was to examine the hypothesis that Ago1‐associated miRNAs may be more relevant to cardiac disease and heart failure compared with the serum. In total, 84 miRNA molecules were screened for their expression in the whole serum, exosomes and Ago1, and Ago2 complexes. Ago1‐bound miR‐222‐3p, miR‐497‐5p and miR‐21‐5p were significantly higher, and let‐7a‐5p was significantly lower in HF patients compared with healthy controls, whereas no such difference was observed for those markers in the serum samples among the groups. A combination of these 4 miRNAs into an Ago1‐HF score provided a ROC curve with an AUC of 1, demonstrating clear discrimination between heart failure patients and healthy individuals. Ago1 fraction might be a better and more specific platform for identifying HF‐related miRNAs compared with the whole serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eti Meiri
- Rosetta Genomics Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Natalia Volinsky
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nir Dromi
- Rosetta Genomics Ltd, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liza Grosman-Rimon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Offer Amir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel.,The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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27
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Fulgencio-Covián A, Alonso-Barroso E, Guenzel AJ, Rivera-Barahona A, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Barry MA, Pérez-Cerdá C, Richard E, Desviat LR. Pathogenic implications of dysregulated miRNAs in propionic acidemia related cardiomyopathy. Transl Res 2020; 218:43-56. [PMID: 31951825 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac alterations (hypertrophic/dilated cardiomyopathy, and rhythm alterations) are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in propionic acidemia (PA), caused by the deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), involved in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, cholesterol, and odd-chain fatty acids. Impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation has been documented in heart biopsies of PA patients, as well as in the hypomorphic Pcca-/-(A138T) mouse model, in the latter correlating with increased oxidative damage and elevated expression of cardiac dysfunction biomarkers atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). Here we characterize the cardiac phenotype in the PA mouse model by histological and echocardiography studies and identify a series of upregulated cardiac-enriched microRNAs (miRNAs) in the PA mouse heart, some of them also altered as circulating miRNAs in PA patients' plasma samples. In PA mice hearts, we show alterations in signaling pathways regulated by the identified miRNAs, which could be contributing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction; notably, an activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and a decrease in autophagy, which are reverted by rapamycin treatment. In vitro studies in HL-1 cardiomyocytes indicate that propionate, the major toxic metabolite accumulating in the disease, triggers the increase in expression levels of miRNAs, BNP, and β-MHC, concomitant with an increase in reactive oxygen species. Our results highlight miRNAs and signaling alterations in the PCC-deficient heart which may contribute to the development of PA-associated cardiomyopathy and provide a basis to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Fulgencio-Covián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esmeralda Alonso-Barroso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Rivera-Barahona
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Celia Pérez-Cerdá
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Richard
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes R Desviat
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares (CEDEM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Paz (IdiPaz), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Meta-Analysis of the Potential Role of miRNA-21 in Cardiovascular System Function Monitoring. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4525410. [PMID: 32337248 PMCID: PMC7150722 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4525410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short and noncoding RNA fragments that bind to the messenger RNA. They have different roles in many physiological or pathological processes. MicroRNA-21, one of the first miRNAs discovered, is encoded by the MIR21 gene and is located on the chromosomal positive strand 17q23.2. MicroRNA-21 is transcribed by polymerase II and has its own promoter sequence, although it is in an intron. It is intra- and extracellular and can be found in many body fluids, alone or combined with another molecule. It regulates many signalling pathways and therefore plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. Indeed, it is involved in the differentiation and migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. It contributes to the reconstruction of a myocardial infarction, and it can also act as a cellular connector or as an antagonist to cardiac cell apoptosis. By playing all these roles, it can be interesting to use it as a biomarker, especially for cardiovascular diseases.
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29
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most common causes of death in both developing and developed countries worldwide. Even though there have been improvements in primary prevention, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases continues to increase in recent years. Hence, it is crucial to both investigate the molecular pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases in-depth and find novel biomarkers regarding the early and proper prevention and diagnosis of these diseases. MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are endogenous, conserved, single-stranded non-coding RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides in length. miRNAs have important roles in various cellular events such as embryogenesis, proliferation, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. They also have potential roles in the cardiovascular system, including angiogenesis, cardiac cell contractility, control of lipid metabolism, plaque formation, the arrangement of cardiac rhythm, and cardiac cell growth. Circulating miRNAs are promising novel biomarkers for purposes of the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Cell or tissue specificity, stability in serum or plasma, resistance to degradative factors such as freeze-thaw cycles or enzymes in the blood, and fast-release kinetics, provide the potential for miRNAs to be surrogate markers for the early and accurate diagnosis of disease and for predicting middle- or long-term prognosis. Moreover, it may be a logical approach to combine miRNAs with traditional biomarkers to improve risk stratification and long-term prognosis. In addition to their efficacy in both diagnosis and prognosis, miRNA-based therapeutics may be beneficial for treating cardiovascular diseases using novel platforms and computational tools and in combination with traditional methods of analysis. microRNAs are promising, novel therapeutic agents, which can affect multiple genes using different signaling pathways. miRNAs therapeutic modulation techniques have been used in the settings of atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, restenosis, vascular remodeling, arrhythmias, hypertrophy and fibrosis, angiogenesis and cardiogenesis, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary hypertension, and ischemic injury. This review presents detailed information about miRNAs regarding structure and biogenesis, stages of synthesis and functions, expression profiles in serum/plasma of living organisms, diagnostic and prognostic potential as novel biomarkers, and therapeutic applications in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Research and Training Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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30
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Felekkis K, Papaneophytou C. Challenges in Using Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020561. [PMID: 31952319 PMCID: PMC7013987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the development and physiology of the cardiovascular system while they have been associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several cardiac miRNAs are detectable in circulation (circulating miRNAs; c-miRNAs) and are emerging as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CVDs. c-miRNAs exhibit numerous essential characteristics of biomarkers while they are extremely stable in circulation, their expression is tissue-/disease-specific, and they can be easily detected using sequence-specific amplification methods. These features of c-miRNAs are helpful in the development of non-invasive assays to monitor the progress of CVDs. Despite significant progress in the detection of c-miRNAs in serum and plasma, there are many contradictory publications on the alterations of cardiac c-miRNAs concentration in circulation. The aim of this review is to examine the pre-analytical and analytical factors affecting the quantification of c-miRNAs and provide general guidelines to increase the accuracy of the diagnostic tests in order to improve future research on cardiac c-miRNAs.
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31
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Inflammation-Related MicroRNAs Are Associated with Plaque Stability Calculated by IVUS in Coronary Heart Disease Patients. J Interv Cardiol 2019; 2019:9723129. [PMID: 31866771 PMCID: PMC6915018 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9723129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the association between inflammation-related microRNAs (miR-21, 146a, 155) and the plaque stability in coronary artery disease patients. Methods The expression of miR-21, 146a, and 155 was measured by real-time PCR in 310 consecutive patients. The level of hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 was measured by ELISA. The plaque stability of coronary stenotic lesions was evaluated with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Results (1) The levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly increased in the UAP and AMI groups compared with the CPS group (P < 0.01). (2) The expression of miR-21 and miR-146a in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma was significantly higher in CAD patients compared with non-CAD patients, whereas the miR-155 expression in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in patients with CAD. (3) The miR-21 expression in PBMCs was higher in UAP and AMI groups compared with CPS group. The miR-146a expression in PBMCs was higher in SAP, UAP, and AMI groups than in CPS group. Although the level of miR-155 in PBMCs was lower in SAP, UAP, and AMI groups than in CPS group. The expression patterns of miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-155 in plasma were consistent with those of PBMCs. (4) The expressions of miR-21 and miR-146a in PBMCs and plasma were significantly higher in the vulnerable plaque group than those in stable plaque group. While miR-155 in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in vulnerable plaque group compared with stable plaque group. (5) The levels of miR-21 and miR-146a in PBMCs and plasma were significantly higher in soft plaque group than in fibrous plaque group and calcified plaque group. However, miR-155 in PBMCs and plasma was significantly lower in soft plaque group. Conclusions The expression of miR-21 and miR-146a are associated with the plaque stability in coronary stenotic lesions, whereas miR-155 expression is inversely associated with the plaque stability.
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Qin W, Zhang L, Li Z, Xiao D, Zhang Y, Yang H, Zhang H, Xu C, Zhang Y. Metoprolol protects against myocardial infarction by inhibiting miR-1 expression in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:76-83. [PMID: 31702064 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metoprolol is regarded as a first-line medicine for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of miR-1 in the pharmacological function of metoprolol. METHODS In vivo MI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. The effects of metoprolol on infarct size and cardiac dysfunction were determined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and cardiac echocardiography, respectively. In vitro oxidative stress cardiomyocyte model was established by H2 O2 treatment. The effect of metoprolol on the expression of miR-1 and connexin43 (Cx43) was quantified by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. The intercellular communication was evaluated by lucifer yellow dye diffusion. KEY FINDINGS Left anterior descending ligation-induced MI injury was markedly attenuated by metoprolol as shown by reduced infarct size and better cardiac function. Metoprolol reversed the up-regulation of miR-1 and down-regulation of Cx43 in MI heart. Moreover, in H2 O2 -stimulated cardiomyocytes, overexpression of miR-1 abolished the effects of metoprolol on Cx43 up-regulation and increased intercellular communication, indicating that miR-1 may be a necessary mediator for the cardiac protective function of metoprolol. CONCLUSIONS Metoprolol relieves MI injury via suppression miR-1, thus increasing its target protein Cx43 and improving intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,School of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, China
| | - Longyin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhange Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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33
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Soler-Botija C, Gálvez-Montón C, Bayés-Genís A. Epigenetic Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Genet 2019; 10:950. [PMID: 31649728 PMCID: PMC6795132 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death worldwide and greatly impact quality of life and medical costs. Enormous effort has been made in research to obtain new tools for efficient and quick diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of these diseases. Discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms have related several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, to epigenetic dysregulation. This has implications on disease progression and is the basis for new preventive strategies. Advances in methodology and big data analysis have identified novel mechanisms and targets involved in numerous diseases, allowing more individualized epigenetic maps for personalized diagnosis and treatment. This paves the way for what is called pharmacoepigenetics, which predicts the drug response and develops a tailored therapy based on differences in the epigenetic basis of each patient. Similarly, epigenetic biomarkers have emerged as a promising instrument for the consistent diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Their good accessibility and feasible methods of detection make them suitable for use in clinical practice. However, multicenter studies with a large sample population are required to determine with certainty which epigenetic biomarkers are reliable for clinical routine. Therefore, this review focuses on current discoveries regarding epigenetic biomarkers and its controversy aiming to improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soler-Botija
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration (ICREC) Research Program, Health Science Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiology Service, HUGTiP, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Barcelona Autonomous University (UAB), Badalona, Spain
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Berberine inhibits adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and adiposity through down-regulating galectin-3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13415. [PMID: 31527742 PMCID: PMC6746795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is designed to investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) on galectin-3 (Gal-3) and the relationships to its suppressive activities on adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and adiposity. Our results showed that BBR greatly suppressed the differentiation and proliferation of mouse primary preadipocytes isolated from epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), during which the expression level of Gal-3 was down-regulated significantly. Overexpression of Gal-3 totally abolished the suppressive activities of BBR on Gal-3 expression, preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation. BBR reduced Gal-3 promoter activity, destabilized its mRNA and inhibited firefly luciferase activity of a recombinant plasmid containing the Gal-3 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, BBR up-regulated microRNA (miRNA) let-7d expression and the suppressive activity on Gal-3 3′UTR was abolished by point mutation on the let-7d binding site. In mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), BBR up-regulated let-7d and down-regulated Gal-3 expression in eWAT; it also suppressed adipocyte differentiation and proliferation and reduced adiposity greatly. In summary, our study proves that BBR inhibits the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes through down-regulating Gal-3, which is closely associated with its anti-obesity effect. Our results may support the future clinical application of BBR for the treatment of obesity or related diseases.
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35
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Al-Hayali MA, Sozer V, Durmus S, Erdenen F, Altunoglu E, Gelisgen R, Atukeren P, Atak PG, Uzun H. Clinical Value of Circulating Microribonucleic Acids miR-1 and miR-21 in Evaluating the Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050193. [PMID: 31109008 PMCID: PMC6571732 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the circulating miR-1 (microRNA-1) and miR-21 expression might be used in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) and silent coronary artery disease (SCAD) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to explore the relationship of these miRs with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3. One hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with T2DM and 45 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. This study consisted of the following four groups: control group (mean age: 60.23 ± 6.27 years, female/male (F/M): 23/22); diabetic group (DM) (mean age: 61.50 ± 5.08, F/M: 23/22); DM + SCAD group (mean age: 61.61 ± 6.02, F/M: 20/25); and DM + acute HF group (mean age: 62.07 ± 5.26 years, F/M: 20/25). miR-1 was downregulated in the DM, CAD + DM and HF + DM groups by 0.54, 0.54, and 0.12 fold as compared with controls, respectively. The miR-1 levels were significantly lower in HF + DM than DM with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001); and in patients with CAD + DM group with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001). Similarly, miR-21 was overexpressed in patients with DM, CAD + DM, and HF + DM with 1.30, 1.79 and 2.21 fold changes as compared with controls, respectively. An interesting finding is that the miR-21 expression was significantly higher in the HF + DM group as compared with the CAD + DM group; miR-1 was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP (r = −0.891, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = −0.886, p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group; and miR-21 showed a strongly positive correlation with (r = 0.734, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = 0.764. p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group. These results suggest that the circulating decreased miR-1 and increased miR-21 expression are associated with NT-proBNP and galectin-3 levels in acute HF + DM. Especially the miR-21 expression might be useful in predicting the onset of acute HF in asymptomatic T2DM patients. The miR-21 expression is more valuable than the miR-1 expression in predicting cardiovascular events of acute HF and the combined analysis of miR-21 expression, galectin-3, and NT-proBNP can increase the predictive value of miR-21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaa Abdalmutaleb Al-Hayali
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey.
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine, Mosul University, Mosul 09334, Iraq.
| | - Volkan Sozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Fusun Erdenen
- Istanbul Training and research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Esma Altunoglu
- Istanbul Training and research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Atukeren
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Palmet Gun Atak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey.
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
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miRNAS in cardiovascular diseases: potential biomarkers, therapeutic targets and challenges. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1073-1084. [PMID: 29877320 PMCID: PMC6289363 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Although considerable progress has been made in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CVD, there is still a critical need for novel diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic interventions to decrease the incidence of this disease. Recently, there is increasing evidence that circulating miRNAs (miRNAs), i.e. endogenous, stable, single-stranded, short, non-coding RNAs, can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CVD. Furthermore, miRNAs represent potential novel therapeutic targets for several cardiovascular disorders. In this review we provides an overview of the effects of several CVD; including heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, arrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension; on levels of circulating miRNAs. In addition, the use of miRNA as therapeutic targets is also discussed, as well as challenges and recommendations in their use in the diagnosis of CVD.
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Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental observations tend to prove that environment, lifestyle or nutritional challenges influence heart functions together with genetic factors. Furthermore, when occurring during sensitive windows of heart development, these environmental challenges can induce an 'altered programming' of heart development and shape the future heart disease risk. In the etiology of heart diseases driven by environmental challenges, epigenetics has been highlighted as an underlying mechanism, constituting a bridge between environment and heart health. In particular, micro-RNAs which are involved in each step of heart development and functions seem to play a crucial role in the unfavorable programming of heart diseases. This review describes the latest advances in micro-RNA research in heart diseases driven by early exposure to challenges and discusses the use of micro-RNAs as potential targets in the reversal of the pathophysiology.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. MiRNAs can be expressed tissue specifically and are altered in response to various physiological conditions. It has recently been shown that miRNAs are released into the circulation, potentially for the purpose of communicating with distant tissues. This manuscript discusses miRNA alterations in cardiac muscle and the circulation during heart failure, a prevalent and costly public health issue. A potential mechanism for how skeletal muscle maladaptations during heart failure could be mediated by myocardium-derived miRNAs released to the circulation is presented. An overview of miRNA alterations in skeletal muscle during the ubiquitous process of aging and perspectives on miRNA interactions during heart failure are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Murach
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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do Amaral AE, Cisilotto J, Creczynski-Pasa TB, de Lucca Schiavon L. Circulating miRNAs in nontumoral liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:274-287. [PMID: 29037479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication of liver diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression and have been studied in relation to several conditions, including liver disease. Mature miRNAs can reach the bloodstream by passive release or by incorporation into lipoprotein complexes or microvesicles, and have stable and reproducible concentrations among individuals. In this review, we summarize studies involving circulating miRNAs sourced from the serum or plasma of patients with nontumoral liver diseases in attempt to bring insights in the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, as well as for prognosis of such diseases. In addition, we present pre-analytical aspects involving miRNA analysis and strategies for normalization of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data related to the studies evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Evangelista do Amaral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Cisilotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, 88036-800 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Effect of Wenxin Granules on Gap Junction and MiR-1 in Rats with Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3495021. [PMID: 29094045 PMCID: PMC5637836 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3495021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) patients are at high risk of potential lethal arrhythmia. Gap junction and microRNA-1 (miR-1) are both arrhythmia generating conditions. The present study investigated whether Wenxin Granules (Wenxin-Keli, WXKL) could prevent potential lethal arrhythmia by improving gap junctions and miR-1 following MI. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into control, model, metoprolol, low dose WXKL, and high dose WXKL groups. The MI rat model was created by coronary artery ligation. Treatments were administrated intragastrically to the rats for 4 weeks. Conventional transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the ultrastructure of gap junctions. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of miR-1, protein kinase C (PKC), and related proteins. Additionally, a programmatic electrophysiological stimulation test was performed to detect the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT). WXKL protected the ultrastructure of the gap junctions and their constituent Cx43 by regulating miR-1 and PKC mediated signal transduction and increased the VFT significantly in the rat MI model. The results suggested that WXKL is an effective alternative medicine to prevent potentially lethal arrhythmia following MI.
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Yang Y, Yu T, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Li M, Tang N, Ponnusamy M, Wang JX, Li PF. miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease with a particular focus on WO2010091204. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017. [PMID: 28627982 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1344217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of miRNAs have been reported to be critically involved in the regulation of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Therefore, the development of potent analogues/inhibitors for miRNAs have thus become a key focus in the present drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the basic research and clinical use of miRNAs as the early diagnosis and therapeutic targets for CVD. We have also focused on the efficiency of therapeutically targeting miR-499, which is considered as one of the most promising molecules for treating CVDs. Areas covered: In this review, we have discussed the patents and patent applications related to miRNAs detected in CVD patients published in recent years. This review also covers the expression pattern of miR-499, as well as it highlights functions of its inhibitors in CVD. We used Google and Pubmed search engines to find relevant patents. Expert opinion: Although a massive number of miRNAs are patented as CVD biomarkers, further work is absolutely required to evaluate the reliable diagnostic values and therapeutic potential of these candidates. Overall, targeting miRNAs is definitely a promising strategy to be investigated for diagnosis and treatment of CVDs in future, however, the delivery system and off-targets effects are still a difficult challenge need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yang
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- b Department of cardiology , The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Mengpeng Li
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tang
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xun Wang
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Li
- a Institue for translational medicine , Qingdao University , Qingdao , People's Republic of China
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Sánchez-Gómez MC, García-Mejía KA, Pérez-Díaz Conti M, Díaz-Rosas G, Palma-Lara I, Sánchez-Urbina R, Klünder-Klünder M, Botello-Flores JA, Balderrábano-Saucedo NA, Contreras-Ramos A. MicroRNAs Association in the Cardiac Hypertrophy Secondary to Complex Congenital Heart Disease in Children. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:991-1003. [PMID: 28382463 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complex congenital heart disease (CHD) affects cardiac blood flow, generating a pressure overload in the compromised ventricles and provoking hypertrophy that over time will induce myocardial dysfunction and cause a potential risk of imminent death. Therefore, the early diagnosis of complex CHD is paramount during the first year of life, with surgical treatment of patients favoring survival. In the present study, we analyzed cardiac tissue and plasma of children with cardiac hypertrophy (CH) secondary to CHD for the expression of 11 miRNAs specific to CH in adults. The results were compared with the miRNA expression patterns in tissue and blood of healthy children. In this way, we determined that miRNAs 1, 18b, 21, 23b, 133a, 195, and 208b constitute the expression profile of the cardiac tissue of children with CHD. Meanwhile, miRNAs 21, 23a, 23b, and 24 can be considered specific biomarkers for the diagnosis of CH in infants with CHD. These results suggest that CH secondary to CHD in children differs in its mechanism from that described for adult hypertrophy, offering a new perspective to study the development of this pathology and to determine the potential of hypertrophic miRNAs to be biomarkers for early CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma C Sánchez-Gómez
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.,School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K A García-Mejía
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - G Díaz-Rosas
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - I Palma-Lara
- School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Sánchez-Urbina
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - J A Botello-Flores
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - A Contreras-Ramos
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG), CP 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Viereck J, Thum T. Circulating Noncoding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Injury. Circ Res 2017; 120:381-399. [PMID: 28104771 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our view on mammalian genomes and transcriptomes, as well as their organization and regulation. Accumulating evidence on aberrantly regulated ncRNAs, including short microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, across various heart diseases indicates that ncRNAs are critical contributors to cardiovascular pathophysiology. In addition, ncRNAs are released into the circulation where they are present in concentration levels that differ between healthy subjects and diseased patients. Although little is known about the origin and function of such circulating ncRNAs, these molecules are increasingly recognized as noninvasive and readily accessible biomarker for risk stratification, diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac injury, and multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings on biological characteristics of circulating ncRNAs and highlight their value as potential biomarker in selected pathologies of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janika Viereck
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.)
| | - Thomas Thum
- From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
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Sucharov CC, Kao DP, Port JD, Karimpour-Fard A, Quaife RA, Minobe W, Nunley K, Lowes BD, Gilbert EM, Bristow MR. Myocardial microRNAs associated with reverse remodeling in human heart failure. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e89169. [PMID: 28138556 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.89169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dilated cardiomyopathies (DCMs) changes in expression of protein-coding genes are associated with reverse remodeling, and these changes can be regulated by microRNAs (miRs). We tested the general hypothesis that dynamic changes in myocardial miR expression are predictive of β-blocker-associated reverse remodeling. METHODS Forty-three idiopathic DCM patients (mean left ventricular ejection fraction 0.24 ± 0.09) were treated with β-blockers. Serial ventriculography and endomyocardial biopsies were performed at baseline, and after 3 and 12 months of treatment. Changes in RT-PCR (candidate miRs) or array-measured miRs were compared based on the presence (R) or absence (NR) of a reverse-remodeling response, and a miR-mRNA-function pathway analysis (PA) was performed. RESULTS At 3 months, 2 candidate miRs were selectively changed in Rs, decreases in miR-208a-3p and miR-591. PA revealed changes in miR-mRNA interactions predictive of decreased apoptosis and myocardial cell death. At 12 months, 5 miRs exhibited selective changes in Rs (decreases in miR-208a-3p, -208b-3p, 21-5p, and 199a-5p; increase in miR-1-3p). PA predicted decreases in apoptosis, cardiac myocyte cell death, hypertrophy, and heart failure, with increases in contractile and overall cardiac functions. CONCLUSIONS In DCMs, myocardial miRs predict the time-dependent reverse-remodeling response to β-blocker treatment, and likely regulate the expression of remodeling-associated miRs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01798992. FUNDING NIH 2R01 HL48013, 1R01 HL71118 (Bristow, PI); sponsored research agreements from Glaxo-SmithKline and AstraZeneca (Bristow, PI); NIH P20 HL101435 (Lowes, Port multi-PD/PI); sponsored research agreement from Miragen Therapeutics (Port, PI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Kao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Anis Karimpour-Fard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | - Brian D Lowes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Edward M Gilbert
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Value of Circulating miRNAs in Heart Failure Patients Associated with Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:5893064. [PMID: 27379177 PMCID: PMC4917723 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5893064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a major public health problem especially in the aging population (≥65 years old), affecting nearly 5 million Americans and 15 million European people. Effective management of heart failure (HF) depends on a correct and rapid diagnosis. Presently, BNP (brain natriuretic peptide) or N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) assay is generally accepted by the international community for diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification of patients with HF. However, regardless of its widespread clinical use, BNP is still encumbered by reduced specificity. As a result, diagnosis of heart failure remains challenging. Although significant improvement happened in the clinical management of HF over the last 2 decades, traditional treatments are ultimately ineffective in many patients who progress to advanced HF. Therefore, a novel diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and new therapeutic approach are required for clinical management of HF patients. Circulating miRNAs seem to be the right choice for novel noninvasive biomarkers as well as new treatment strategies for HF. In this review, we briefly discuss the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic role of circulating miRNAs in heart failure patients. We also mentioned our own technique of extraction of RNA and detection of circulating miRNAs from human plasma and oxidative stress associated miRNAs with HF.
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