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Ortiz EG, Junkins‐Hopkins JM. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption due to COVID-19 with erythema-multiforme-like lesions and myeloid cells. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:321-325. [PMID: 36194075 PMCID: PMC9874869 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME) is a recently described entity in which there is prominent mucositis, most commonly involving the oral and urogenital mucosa, secondary to a variety of pathogens. There is typically minimal cutaneous involvement in RIME. This contrasts with erythema multiforme (EM) in which characteristic targetoid lesions predominate, usually in isolation (EM minor), but in a subset of cases, with severe mucositis (EM major). While the histopathologic features of RIME have not been as well defined, those of EM are characterized by epidermal apoptosis and interface dermatitis with lymphocytes making up the predominant cell type. We report a unique case of RIME in a 16-year-old male with COVID-19 characterized by significant mucositis involving the oral and genital mucosa, as well as numerous targetoid lesions on the trunk and extremities. Histopathologically, there was an inflammatory infiltrate obscuring and disrupting the epidermal interface, associated with epidermal necrosis, and blister formation. The infiltrate was composed of cells with irregular, non-segmented and elongate nuclei, with myeloid and histiocytoid cytomorphology. The cells were positive for myeloperoxidase, CD68, and CD163 (subset) suggesting myeloid lineage. RIME is a rarely reported COVID-19-related eruption, and targetoid lesions and myeloid interface reactions have not been described with RIME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo G. Ortiz
- Department of DermatologyGeisinger Medical CenterDanvillePennsylvaniaUSA
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2
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Cappell MS, Tobi M, Friedel DM. The Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Miscellaneous Inflammatory Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2023; 52:115-138. [PMID: 36813420 PMCID: PMC9537253 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pandemic of COVID-19 has emerged as a highly significant recent threat to global health with about 600,000,000 known infections and more than 6,450,000 deaths worldwide since its emergence in late 2019. COVID-19 symptoms are predominantly respiratory, with mortality largely related to pulmonary manifestations, but the virus also potentially infects all parts of the gastrointestinal tract with related symptoms and manifestations that affect patient treatment and outcome. COVID-19 can directly infect the gastrointestinal tract because of the presence of widespread angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in the stomach and small intestine that can cause local COVID-19 infection and associated inflammation. This work reviews the pathopysiology, clinical manifestations, workup, and treatment of miscellaneous inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract other than inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Cappell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Aleda E. Lutz Veterans Hospital, Gastroenterology Service, Main Building, Room 3212, 1500 Weiss Street, Saginaw, MI 48602, USA.
| | - Martin Tobi
- Department of Research and Development, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4747 John R. Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David M Friedel
- Division of Therapeutic Endoscopy, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, NY of New York University Langone Hospital, 259 1st Street, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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Gimeno E, Morgado-Carrasco D, Moriscot D, Piquero-Casals J. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption triggered by COVID-19 infection in an adult patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e673-e674. [PMID: 35536675 PMCID: PMC9347836 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gimeno
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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da Mota Santana LA, da Costa GA, Costa Gonçalo RI, Takeshita WM, Miguita L. Oral and dermatologic lesions observed in mild COVID‐19 patients infected after 3
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vaccine dose. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 2:2627-2629. [PMID: 35491547 PMCID: PMC9348181 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucyene Miguita
- Department of Pathology Institute of Biological Science Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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Luna-Mazzola I. [Oral manifestations of COVID-19 and the role of the ACE2 receptor: what is known so far?]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2022; 10:e108. [PMID: 38389661 PMCID: PMC10880690 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1002-2022-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a currently pandemic disease that worries professionals in all areas of the Health Sciences. Current literature indicates that certain components of the stomatognathic system (such as lips, oral mucosa, tongue, and tonsils) express ACE2 receptors, responsible for the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the human cell. This expression has a big impact on organular compromise, turning the oral cavity not only into an important route of viral entry but also into a region with the possibility of various manifestations such as xerostomia, halitosis, chemosensory alteration, opportunistic coinfection, and mucosal lesions. The fact that mouth manifestations are reported in the early stages of this disease suggests a possible predictive nature, which would make them very useful for diagnostic referral. In this sense, it is important that the dental professional knows how to recognize this early presentation symptomatology, being able to presumptively detect patients with COVID-19 in whom a significant systemic commitment has not yet been consolidated. This would allow the referral to medical consultation for definitive diagnostic purposes and, if correct, prevent both transmission and the advancement of the disease in the patient. Based on this important work, this review article synthesizes the scientific evidence published in the last 3 years (2019-2021 period) about the oral manifestations of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Luna-Mazzola
- Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Odontología Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima Peru
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6
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Zhou X, Dong J, Guo Q, Li M, Li Y, Cheng L, Ren B. The Oral Complications of COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803785. [PMID: 35047561 PMCID: PMC8762203 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus infectious disease associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome. More and more patients are being cured due to the development of clinical guidelines for COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis, treatment, and vaccines. However, the long-term impact of COVID-19 on patients after recovery is unclear. Currently available reports have shown that patients recovered from COVID-19 continue to experience health problems in respiratory and other organ systems. Oral problem is one of the important complications which has serious impacts on the rehabilitation and future quality of life, such as ageusia and macroglossia, but the oral complication is often being neglected. Aim of Review: From the perspective of stomatology, we summarized and elaborated in detail the types, pathogenesis of oral complications from COVID-19 patients after rehabilitation, and the reported prevention or treatment recommendations which may improve the COVID-19 patients associated oral diseases. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: 1) To understand the common oral complications and the mechanisms of the development of oral complications after the COVID-19 recovery; 2) To summary the practical strategies to prevent the oral complications and construct the rehabilitation plans for patients with oral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajia Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cuevas-Gonzalez MV, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Donohue-Cornejo A, Tovar-Carrillo KL, Saucedo-Acuña RA, García-Calderón AG, Guzmán-Gastelum DA, Cuevas-Gonzalez JC. COVID-19 and its manifestations in the oral cavity: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28327. [PMID: 34941133 PMCID: PMC8701462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) disease, which has been shown to trigger multiple affectations. One of the first tissue areas to come into contact with the virus is the oral cavity, which develops various alterations. Hence, the objective of this systematic review was to identify the main signs and symptoms of this disease in the oral cavity, and the following research question was established: What are the main oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19-positive persons? METHODS The electronic databases of PUBMED, SCOPUS, and SCIENCE DIRECT were analyzed, the keywords "ORAL DISEASES," "ORAL MANIFESTACTIONS," and "COVID-19" were used taking into account the following inclusion criteria: studies whose main objective was oral manifestations secondary to the confirmation of COVID-19, plus clinical cases, case series, and retrospective or prospective studies. For the assessment of the risk of bias the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series tool was used. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included, the most common initial signs/symptoms after contagion of SARS-CoV-2 were dysgeusia, dry mouth, and burning mouth, and the main signs/symptoms were the presence of ulcerative lesions, dysgeusia, and Candida albicans infections. CONCLUSIONS It is very important to detect any alteration in the mucosa in patients with COVID-19 and to provide assertive treatment to avoid complications, and try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the disease to avoid the colonization of opportunistic microorganisms and to avoid complications both orally and systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Rosa Alicia Saucedo-Acuña
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Juarez City, Chihuahua, Mexico
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This Month in JAAD Case Reports: March 2022 RIME secondary to SARS-CoV-2. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 86:530-531. [PMID: 34953959 PMCID: PMC8695307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Ryder CY, Pedersen EA, Mancuso JB. Reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption secondary to SARS-CoV-2. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 18:103-105. [PMID: 34692963 PMCID: PMC8527593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Yoonhee Ryder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Elisabeth A Pedersen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer B Mancuso
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Bobamuratova DT, Boymuradov SA, Dar-Odeh NS, Kurbanov YK, Umarov RZ. Impact of COVID-19 disease and its treatment on the development of maxillofacial complications. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8434691 DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2021.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus spread worldwide in 2020, causing millions of deaths and disabilities. Even though the virus was considered a respiratory virus, its adverse effects can be detected in several body systems. The article describes COVID-19 disease and its complications in the maxillofacial area. Several complications develop either in response to therapeutic modalities used to treat the underlying disease, or due to overuse of particular medications namely glucocorticoids, antirheumatic agents, interleukin 6-inhibitors, and antibiotics. This article will describe a number of complications ranging from mild complications to severe ones such as osteonecrosis of the upper jaw and facial bones, ophthalmologic and neurological complications. It will also summarize recommendations that will help prevent or minimize these complications.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Garrosa M. Identification, Mechanism, and Treatment of Skin Lesions in COVID-19: A Review. Viruses 2021; 13:1916. [PMID: 34696346 PMCID: PMC8540564 DOI: 10.3390/v13101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that primarily causes respiratory symptoms. However, an increasing number of cutaneous manifestations associated with this disease have been reported. The aim of this study is to analyze the scientific literature on cutaneous manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 by means of a narrative literature review until June 2021. The search was conducted in the following electronic databases: Medline (PubMed), SciELO, and Cochrane Library Plus. The most common cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are vesicular eruptions, petechial/purpuric rashes, acral lesions, liveoid lesions, urticarial rash, and maculopapular-erythematous rash. These manifestations may be the first presenting symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as is the case with acral lesions, vesicular eruptions, and urticaria. In relation to severity, the presence of liveoid lesions may be associated with a more severe course of the disease. Treatment used for dermatological lesions includes therapy with anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and antihistamines. Knowledge of the dermatologic manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 contributes to the diagnosis of COVID-19 in patients with skin lesions associated with respiratory symptoms or in asymptomatic patients. In addition, understanding the dermatologic lesions associated with COVID-19 could be useful to establish a personalized care plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Campus of Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Garrosa
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
- Area of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences of Castile and Leon (INCYL), University of Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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