1
|
Lee CT, Pramukti I, Ubeda Herrera JJ, Tsai MC. Investigating psychological distress and peer influence in the longitudinal path linking food insecurity to adolescent substance use: a nationwide low-income cohort study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:556-573. [PMID: 37772742 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2263681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI), defined as the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods, remains a major life concern among many poor subpopulations. Few investigations have been made into the mechanism underlying its impact on adolescent substance use. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between FI and cigarette and alcohol use among economically disadvantaged adolescents and then explore the role of psychological distress and peer substance use in the aforementioned association. Data of 1,243 adolescents (Mage = 13.3 years; 645 males) were obtained from a nationwide cohort study on Taiwanese adolescents from low-income families. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses based on generalized linear mixed-effects models with binomial distribution found that FI was consistently associated with cigarette smoking (β = 0.458, p < 0.001) but not alcohol drinking (β = 0.142, p = 0.143) when both psychological distress and peer substance use were adjusted. In the moderated mediation analysis based on bootstrap methods, we observed that psychological distress mediated the association between food insecurity and alcohol drinking (β = 0.036, 95% CI = 0.015-0.063) but not cigarette smoking (β = 0.018, 95% CI =-0.001-0.037). Furthermore, the indirect effects varied by peer drinking status (index of moderated mediation = 0.04, 95% CI 0.015-0.072). Clinical and public health attention should be given to evaluating food-insecure adolescents' psychological well-being and peer influence when counseling their substance use issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ting Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Iqbal Pramukti
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Josue Jaru Ubeda Herrera
- Institute of International Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Business Administration, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Treur JL, Verweij KJH, Abdellaoui A, Fedko IO, de Zeeuw EL, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Vink JM. Testing Familial Transmission of Smoking With Two Different Research Designs. Nicotine Tob Res 2019; 20:836-842. [PMID: 28575460 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Classical twin studies show that smoking is heritable. To determine if shared family environment plays a role in addition to genetic factors, and if they interact (G×E), we use a children-of-twins design. In a second sample, we measure genetic influence with polygenic risk scores (PRS) and environmental influence with a question on exposure to smoking during childhood. Methods Data on smoking initiation were available for 723 children of 712 twins from the Netherlands Twin Register (64.9% female, median birth year 1985). Children were grouped in ascending order of risk, based on smoking status and zygosity of their twin-parent and his/her co-twin: never smoking twin-parent with a never smoking co-twin; never smoking twin-parent with a smoking dizygotic co-twin; never smoking twin-parent with a smoking monozygotic co-twin; and smoking twin-parent with a smoking or never smoking co-twin. For 4072 participants from the Netherlands Twin Register (67.3% female, median birth year 1973), PRS for smoking were computed and smoking initiation, smoking heaviness, and exposure to smoking during childhood were available. Results Patterns of smoking initiation in the four group children-of-twins design suggested shared familial influences in addition to genetic factors. PRS for ever smoking were associated with smoking initiation in all individuals. PRS for smoking heaviness were associated with smoking heaviness in individuals exposed to smoking during childhood, but not in non-exposed individuals. Conclusions Shared family environment influences smoking, over and above genetic factors. Genetic risk of smoking heaviness was only important for individuals exposed to smoking during childhood, versus those not exposed (G×E). Implications This study adds to the very few existing children-of-twins (CoT) studies on smoking and combines a CoT design with a second research design that utilizes polygenic risk scores and data on exposure to smoking during childhood. The results show that shared family environment affects smoking behavior over and above genetic factors. There was also evidence for gene-environment interaction (G×E) such that genetic risk of heavy versus light smoking was only important for individuals who were also exposed to (second-hand) smoking during childhood. Together, these findings give additional incentive to recommending parents not to expose their children to cigarette smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorien L Treur
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, the Netherlands.,Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline L de Zeeuw
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik A Ehli
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Gareth E Davies
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Okoli CTC, Seng S. Factors Associated with the Initial Sensations of Smoking among Smokers with Mental Illness. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2019; 40:798-804. [PMID: 31188699 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2019.1595794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
People with mental illnesses (MI) have a disproportionate smoking prevalence and associated disease burden. Smoking initiation among people with MI is poorly understood. However, the sensations experienced during smoking initiation predict continued smoking and nicotine dependence. Yet, few studies have examined the initial experiences of smoking among people with MI. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore factors associated with the initial sensations of smoking in people with MI. Smokers in an inpatient psychiatric facility (n = 123) were surveyed. Data obtained included information on demographics, smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, psychiatric diagnoses, and sensations of initial smoking. Spearman correlations explored associations among initial smoking sensation variables; and binary logistic regression analyses examined the associations between study variables and groupings derived from initial sensations (i.e., "pleasant + buzz," "unpleasant + buzz," and "all" sensations). The most frequently reported initial smoking sensation was feeling dizzy (87%) and there were low to moderate correlations between unpleasant (e.g., cough, sick, nervous) and pleasant (e.g., good, relaxed) sensations. In logistic regression analyses, having higher perceived SHS exposure was significantly associated with the "pleasant + buzz" sensation grouping; and lower past week SHS exposure was associated with the "unpleasant + buzz" sensation grouping; but, no variables were associated with "all" sensation group. Initial smoking sensations are an uncharted avenue of exploration in understanding smoking initiation among people with MI. SHS exposure may be an important factor associated with the report of both unpleasant and pleasant initial sensations. Future studies are needed to further explore initial sensations in relation to the context of smoking initiation among people with MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarret Seng
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing , Lexington , Kentucky , USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aho H, Koivisto A, Paavilainen E, Joronen K. The relationship between peer relations, self-rated health and smoking behaviour in secondary vocational schools. Nurs Open 2019; 6:754-764. [PMID: 31367397 PMCID: PMC6650760 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between peer relations, self-rated health and smoking behaviour in vocational school setting. BACKGROUND Smoking in adolescence causes health and socioeconomic inequality in adulthood. There is evidence that smokers are physically less active, have lower academic aspirations and perceive poorer health than non-smokers. METHOD The study was conducted in spring 2013 and involved 34,776 vocational students who took part in the School Health Promotion Study in Finland. The associations between adolescent smoking habits and peer relations and smokers' self-rated health were studied adjusting for the respondents' age, parental education and family type. RESULTS A substantial proportion of the respondents, 37% of the girls and 36% of the boys, reported smoking daily, 15% of the girls and 14% boys smoked occasionally with a further 15% of the girls and 13% of the boys stating that they were ex-smokers. Of the girls, 33% and 38% of the boys were non-smokers. Adjusted multinomial regression revealed that having a close friend or friends predicted smoking among girls and boys. Additionally, the adjusted model indicated that being a bully and/or a bully + bully-victim was associated with smoking behaviour in boys only. Boys and girls who rated their health as moderate or poor were more often daily smokers; in girls, this was also the case in occasional smokers. CONCLUSION Smoking prevention aimed at vocational schools should take into consideration the norms and expectations related to peer relations which strongly influence adolescents' smoking habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Aho
- Faculty of Social Science, Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
- Department of Musclosceletal DiseasesTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
- Tampere University of Applied SciencesTampereFinland
| | - Anna‐Maija Koivisto
- Faculty of Social Science, Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
| | - Eija Paavilainen
- Faculty of Social Science, Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
| | - Katja Joronen
- Faculty of Social Science, Health SciencesUniversity of TampereTampereFinland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Do EK, Prom-Wormley EC, Fuemmeler BF, Dick DM, Kendler KS, Maes HH. Associations Between Initial Subjective Experiences with Tobacco and Self-Reported Recent Use in Young Adulthood. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2291-2298. [PMID: 29843549 PMCID: PMC6143142 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth tobacco use behaviors are predictive of patterns in adulthood and effect long-term health outcomes. Yet, few studies have examined the effect of initial subjective experiences (ISEs) during first tobacco use, which has been found to be an indicator of individuals. sensitivity to nicotine and vulnerability to dependence. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of ISEs across a variety of tobacco products, evaluate the factor structure of ISEs by first tobacco product used, and examine the relationship between ISEs and recent (30-day) use of tobacco products across time, using a university sample. METHODS Exploratory factor analyses were conducted to identify latent factors present with respect to items measuring ISEs with tobacco, separately by tobacco product (e.g. cigarettes, cigars, hookah, e-cigarettes). Factor scores for positive and negative ISEs were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between ISEs and recent use of each tobacco product, adjusted for age at first use, sex, race/ethnicity, and cohort. RESULTS ISEs differ by the first tobacco product used. Associations between factor scores for positive and negative ISEs and recent use were found across a variety of tobacco products. Overall, positive ISEs were more strongly associated with recent use, relative to negative ISEs. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to identify genetic and biological pathways and social contexts influencing initial subjective experiences with tobacco use, in efforts to delay the initiation for tobacco use and reduce risk for continued use among young adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Do
- a Department of Health Behavior & Policy , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- b Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine & Population Health , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- a Department of Health Behavior & Policy , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.,c Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- d Departments of Psychology, Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- e Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- c Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.,e Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA.,f Department of Human & Molecular Genetics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kleinjan M, Engels RCME, DiFranza JR. Parental smoke exposure and the development of nicotine craving in adolescent novice smokers: the roles of DRD2, DRD4, and OPRM1 genotypes. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:115. [PMID: 26449981 PMCID: PMC4599744 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among adolescent novice smokers, craving is often the first, and is the most reported, symptom of nicotine dependence. Until now, little has been known about the development of craving symptoms in novice smokers. The aim of this study was to identify specific genetic (i.e., DRD2 Taq1A, DRD4 48 bp VNTR, and OPRM1 A118G polymorphisms) and environmental mechanisms that underlie the emergence of both cue-induced and cognitive craving among adolescent novice smokers. METHOD A five-wave longitudinal, genetically-informed survey study was conducted with intervals of four months. The sample included 376 early adolescent smokers (12-13 years of age at baseline). Self-report questionnaires were completed regarding smoking behavior, observed parental smoking behavior, and both cue-induced and cognitive craving. RESULTS Data were analyzed with a latent growth curve approach. For both cue-induced and cognitive craving, significant interaction effects were found for DRD2 Taq1A with parental smoke exposure. A1-allele carriers did not seem to be influenced by the environment with regard to craving development. Adolescents who are homozygous for the A2-allele and who are more exposed to parental smoking experience the highest levels of both types of craving over time. No significant interaction effects were found between parental smoke exposure and DRD4 48 bp VNTR or OPRM1 A118G. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies identified DRD2 Taq1A A1-allele carriers as vulnerable to developing nicotine dependence. However, this study showed that parental smoking increased the chances of developing dependence more rapidly for early adolescents who are considered to be less sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine according to their DRD2 Taq1A genotype. It is thus especially important that these young people not be exposed to smoking in their social environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Kleinjan
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rutger C M E Engels
- Trimbos Institute (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction), Da Costakade 45, 3521 VS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joseph R DiFranza
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Okoli CT, Kodet J. A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors: Smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation. Addict Behav 2015; 47:22-32. [PMID: 25863004 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between secondhand tobacco smoke exposure (SHSe) and smoking behaviors (smoking status, susceptibility, initiation, dependence, and cessation). METHODS Terms and keywords relevant to smoking behaviors and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure were used in a search of the PubMed database. Searches were limited to English language peer-reviewed studies up till December 2013. Included papers: a) had clearly defined measures of SHSe and b) had clearly defined measures of outcome variables of interest. A total of 119 studies were initially retrieved and reviewed. After further review of references from the retrieved studies, 35 studies were finally selected that met all eligibility criteria. RESULTS The reviewed studies consisted of thirty-five (89.7%) studies with differing measures of SHSe (including questionnaire and biological measures) and varying definitions of main outcome variables of interest between studies. The majority of the studies (77%) were cross-sectional in nature. The majority of studies found that SHSe was associated with greater likelihood of being a smoker, increased susceptibility and initiation of smoking, greater nicotine dependence among nonsmokers, and poorer smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS The review found positive associations between SHSe and smoking status, susceptibility, initiation and nicotine dependence and a negative association with smoking cessation. In light of design limitations, future prospective and clinical studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms whereby SHSe influences smoking behaviors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Okoli C, Kodet J, Robertson H. Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Nicotine Patch Administration Among Nonsmokers Based on Acute and Chronic Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Biol Res Nurs 2015; 18:60-7. [PMID: 25882603 DOI: 10.1177/1099800415579261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the large amount that is known about the physical health effects of secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure, little is known about the behavioral health effects. Nicotine, the principle psychoactive substance in SHS, elicits subjective mood and physiological responses in nonsmokers. However, no studies have examined the subjective mood or physiological responses to nicotine in nonsmokers while accounting for prior chronic or acute SHS exposure. METHODS A 7-mg nicotine patch was administered to 17 adult nonsmokers for 2 hr. Main outcome measures obtained at ½ hr, 1 hr, and 2 hr were subjective behavioral drug effects (based on eleven 10-cm Visual Analog Scales [VASs]) and the physiological measures of heart rate, blood pressure, and serum nicotine levels. Analysis of outcome data was based on participants' chronic (using hair nicotine) or acute (using saliva cotinine) SHS exposure. RESULTS Greater chronic SHS exposure was negatively associated with pleasurable responses to nicotine administration ("drug feels good" score at 2-hr time point, Spearman's ρ = -.65, p < .004), whereas greater acute SHS exposure was associated with positive responses ("like feeling of drug" score at 2-hr time point, Spearman's ρ = .63, p < .01). There were no associations between chronic or acute exposure and physiological changes in response to nicotine administration. DISCUSSION The findings of this study may be useful in providing preliminary empirical data for future explorations of the mechanism whereby SHS exposure can influence behavioral outcomes in nonsmokers. Such studies can inform future interventions to reduce the physical and behavioral health risks associated with SHS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chizimuzo Okoli
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Kodet
- University of Kentucky College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Menati W, Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Würtz M, Menati R, Hemati R, Yaghoubi M, Zareimanesh E, Mohammadi MS, Akhlaghi Ardekani F, Tazval J, Delpisheh A. Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience: A Survey in Male College Students. Am J Mens Health 2014; 10:14-23. [PMID: 25326133 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314553262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers' gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends' medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schuck K, Otten R, Engels RCME, Kleinjan M. Initial responses to the first dose of nicotine in novel smokers: the role of exposure to environmental smoking and genetic predisposition. Psychol Health 2014; 29:698-716. [PMID: 24446757 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2014.884222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to initial smoking constitutes an early predictor of the risk of dependence. We investigated the role of exposure to smoking (by parents, siblings, and peers) and reward-related candidate gene polymorphisms (OPRM1 A118G, DRD2 TaqlA and DRD4 bp VNTR) in adolescents' responses to initial smoking. METHODS We used cross-sectional survey data and saliva samples from 171 Dutch students who had never inhaled on a cigarette (mean age: 13.9 years). The outcome measure was adolescents' self-reported responses to initial smoking. RESULTS Exposure to peer smoking was associated with increased liking (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.13-2.70) and more pleasant sensations (β = .21, p = .01). Exposure to maternal smoking was associated with less unpleasant sensations (β = -.20, p = .01). Adolescents carrying the G-variant of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism were more likely to report liking (OR = 2.50, CI = 1.09-5.73) and adolescents homozygous for the C-variant of the DRD2 TaqlA polymorphism reported less unpleasant sensations (β = .18, p = .04). CONCLUSION Although preliminary, these findings suggest that exposure to environmental smoking and polymorphisms in the OPRM1 and DRD2 gene may affect initial sensitivity to nicotine, an early phenotype of the risk of dependence. In the future, collaborative efforts to combine data from multiple studies in meta-analyses are needed to improve accuracy of estimated effects in genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Schuck
- a Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Factor structure of early smoking experiences and associations with smoking behavior: valence or sensitivity model? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:6305-18. [PMID: 24287854 PMCID: PMC3881115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10126305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Early Smoking Experience (ESE) questionnaire is the most widely used questionnaire to assess initial subjective experiences of cigarette smoking. However, its factor structure is not clearly defined and can be perceived from two main standpoints: valence, or positive and negative experiences, and sensitivity to nicotine. This article explores the ESE's factor structure and determines which standpoint was more relevant. It compares two groups of young Swiss men (German- and French-speaking). We examined baseline data on 3,368 tobacco users from a representative sample in the ongoing Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF). ESE, continued tobacco use, weekly smoking and nicotine dependence were assessed. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were performed. ESEM clearly distinguished positive experiences from negative experiences, but negative experiences were divided in experiences related to dizziness and experiences related to irritations. SEM underlined the reinforcing effects of positive experiences, but also of experiences related to dizziness on nicotine dependence and weekly smoking. The best ESE structure for predictive accuracy of experiences on smoking behavior was a compromise between the valence and sensitivity standpoints, which showed clinical relevance.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang MP, Ho SY, Lam TH. Parental Smoking, Exposure to Secondhand Smoke at Home, and Smoking Initiation Among Young Children. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:827-32. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
13
|
Haberstick BC, Ehringer MA, Lessem JM, Hopfer CJ, Hewitt JK. Dizziness and the genetic influences on subjective experiences to initial cigarette use. Addiction 2011; 106:391-9. [PMID: 20955488 PMCID: PMC3017238 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine individual differences in positive and negative subjective experiences to initial cigarette use. DESIGN Retrospective self-reports of initial subjective experiences were examined to estimate the genetic and environmental influences and the extent of their covariation across different effects. PARTICIPANTS Data was drawn from 2482 young adult same-and opposite sex twins- and siblings participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. MEASUREMENT Subjective experiences were retrospectively collected using the Early Smoking Experience (ESE) questionnaire. FINDINGS Positive experiences evidenced moderate heritable contributions (40%, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.56), as did an overall hedonic measure (34%, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.46) and dizziness (34%, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.52). Negative experiences evidenced small heritable contributions (13%, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.36). Individual specific environmental influences were strong and accounted for the remaining proportion of observed variation in these experiences. Multivariate genetic modeling identified a moderately heritable underlying factor (37%, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.52) that influenced the covariation of diverse subjective experiences and loaded most heavily on dizziness. Positive experiences also evidence residual genetic influences that were uncorrelated with other subjective experiences. CONCLUSIONS How a person experiences their initial few cigarettes is due to both heritable contributions and environmental experiences unique to the person. The covariation of diverse subjective experiences appears to be due to a heritable latent sensitivity to the chemicals contained in an average cigarette and is best indexed by dizziness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett C. Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA,Department of Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Lessem
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christian J. Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Phiri LL, Debusho LK, Mashegoane S. Psychosocial Correlates of Smoking Behaviour Among Students at a Historically Black University. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|