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Kassani A, Baghbanian A, Menati R, Hassanzadeh J, Asadi-Lari M, Menati W. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Associated Factors among Male Citizens in Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1473-8. [PMID: 27039792 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is as the leading cause of cancer mortality and other chronic diseases in males worldwide. The prevalence of cigarette smoking is different across and within countries by age, education level, occupation, and so on. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking and its relationship with individuals' demographic factors and BMI in adolescent men living in Tehran, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study involved secondary analysis of the 'Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool-2' survey conducted in Tehran, Iran, among men aged 20+, 2011-2012. Using a multistage sampling method, 45,990 men were included in the study. The cigarette smoking status, BMI and demographic factors measured through a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression model were used to examine the relationships between the independents variables and cigarette smoking behavior, using SPSS software version 21. RESULTS In the total of 45,990 men, the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking was 14.6% (CI 95%: 14.29- 14.94). Age (OR=0.96; CI 95%:0.94-0.98), house ownership (OR=0.68; CI 95%: 0.64-0.72), job status (OR=0.60; CI 95%: 0.46-0.86), marital status (OR=0.42; CI 95%: 0.39-0.47) and educational levels (OR=0.50; CI95%: 0.45-0.54) were associated with the prevalence of cigarette smoking. However, associations with BMI, family size, residency years, and district were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Given the relatively high prevalence of cigarette smoking in the study population, policy interventions are required to address this major public health issue, with a focus on the population demographic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Kassani
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran E-mail :
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Menati W, Valizadeh R, Menati R, Niazi M, Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z. Determination of opium abuse prevalence in Iranian young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Use 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1130181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walieh Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Psychology, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Rostam Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Niazi
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- The Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research (ccMETA), Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Zeinab Bidel
- The Collaboration Center of Meta-Analysis Research (ccMETA), Iranian Research Center on Healthy Aging, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Azadarmaki T, Kassani A, Menati R, Hassanzadeh J, Menati W. Psychometric Properties of a Screening Instrument for Domestic Violence in a Sample of Iranian Women. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2016; 5:e27763. [PMID: 27331052 PMCID: PMC4915204 DOI: 10.17795/nmsjournal27763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence against women is regarded as an important health problem among women and a serious concern in issues related to human rights. To date, a few screening tools for domestic violence exist for Iranian married women, but they assess only some of the domestic violence components. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to design and determine the validity and reliability of a screening instrument for domestic violence in a sample of Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was a cross-sectional psychometric evaluation conducted on 350 married women in Ilam, Iran, in 2014. The samples were selected through multistage sampling and the main method was cluster sampling. A 20-item, self-administered questionnaire was validated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). An Eigen value > 1 and a loading factor > 0.3 for each component were considered as indices for extracting domestic violence components. Reliability was calculated by test-retest and Cronbach's alpha. Also, the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to measure content validity. The data were analyzed using SPSS-13 and LISREL 8.8 software programs. RESULTS The self-administered instrument was completed by 334 women. The CFA and EFA methods confirmed embedding items and the three-factor structure of the instrument including psychological, physical, and sexual violence, which explained 66% of the total variance of the domestic violence. The ICC and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were > 0.7 for the components of the questionnaire. The test-retest also revealed strong correlations for each of the domestic violence components (r > 0.6). CONCLUSIONS The used instrument for measuring domestic violence had desirable validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable instrument in health and social researches in the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Azadarmaki
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, IR Iran; Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Aziz Kassani
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
| | - Rostam Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran; Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, IR Iran
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Walieh Menati
- Prevention of Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, IR Iran
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Menati W, Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Würtz M, Menati R, Hemati R, Yaghoubi M, Zareimanesh E, Mohammadi MS, Akhlaghi Ardekani F, Tazval J, Delpisheh A. Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience: A Survey in Male College Students. Am J Mens Health 2014; 10:14-23. [PMID: 25326133 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314553262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers' gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends' medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Nazarzadeh
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Mosavi Jarahi A, Esmaeelpour K, Menati W, Shakeri AA, Menati R, Kikhavani S, Saki K. Prevalence of Cannabis Lifetime Use in Iranian High School and College Students: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Regression. Am J Mens Health 2014; 9:397-409. [PMID: 25147097 DOI: 10.1177/1557988314546667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most widely used substance in the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of cannabis lifetime use (CLU) in high school and college students of Iran and also to determine factors related to changes in prevalence. A systematic review of literature on cannabis use in Iran was conducted according to MOOSE guideline. Domestic scientific databases, PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar, relevant reference lists, and relevant journals were searched up to April, 2014. Prevalences were calculated using the variance stabilizing double arcsine transformation and confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using the Wilson method. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q statistic and I(2) index and causes of heterogeneity were evaluated using meta-regression model. In electronic database search, 4,000 citations were retrieved, producing a total of 33 studies. CLU was reported with a random effects pooled prevalence of 4.0% (95% CI = 3.0% to 5.0%). In subgroups of high school and college students, prevalences were 5.0% (95% CI = 3.0% to -7.0%) and 2.0% (95% CI = 2.0% to -3.0%), respectively. Meta-regression model indicated that prevalence is higher in college students (β = 0.089, p < .001), male gender (β = 0.017, p < .001), and is lower in studies with sampling versus census studies (β = -0.096, p < .001). This study reported that prevalence of CLU in Iranian students are lower than industrialized countries. In addition, gender, level of education, and methods of sampling are highly associated with changes in the prevalence of CLU across provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Nazarzadeh
- Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mosavi Jarahi
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kourosh Saki
- Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
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