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Bukreyev A, Lac A. A cue reactivity experiment: Exposure to images of alcoholic beverages and social contexts on alcohol cravings, motivations, attitudes, approval, and behavior. Addict Behav 2024; 158:108125. [PMID: 39127027 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The incentive-sensitization theory of addiction postulates that relevant cues can trigger alcohol cravings, tendencies, and related outcomes. Additionally, consistent with the encoding specificity principle and social impact theory, social contexts depicting people can activate pro-alcohol reactions and tendencies. This randomized experiment tested the cue reactivity effects of exposure to images depicting variations in the number of people consuming alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages on alcohol-related cravings and outcomes. The sample consisted of 594 adult alcohol users who passed manipulation checks. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition in a 2 (beverage type cue manipulation: alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic) × 3 (social context cue manipulation: beverage-only [no people] vs. solitary drinking [1 person] vs. social drinking [2 or more people]) factorial design and primed with a series of photographs. Dependent variables measured alcohol cravings, alcohol motives, alcohol attitudes, alcohol approval, and alcohol behavior. Factorial MANCOVA and ANCOVAs were performed. Main effects for the social context manipulation were found. Specifically, the social drinking condition compared to the beverage-only condition induced significantly higher pro-alcohol cravings, attitudes, and behaviors. The beverage type manipulation did not influence the dependent variables. The findings offer insights that visual cues depicting social drinking scenarios activated alcohol-related cravings and outcomes, regardless of whether the beverages shown were alcoholic or nonalcoholic. This priming experiment helps to understand the social mechanisms underlying cue reactivity and offers implications for advancing cue-based alcohol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bukreyev
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, United States
| | - Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, United States.
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Doumas DM, Mastroleo N. Heavy Drinking among High School Student Athletes and Non-Athletes: Do Differences Emerge as Early as the Ninth Grade? Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:799-805. [PMID: 35188446 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High school athletes have been identified as a high-risk group for heavy drinking. Little is known, however, about the timing of when student athlete heavy drinking begins to diverge from that of non-athletes. Objectives: The aim of the current study is to examine differences in changes in heavy drinking among ninth grade student athletes and non-athletes across the academic year. We hypothesized that student athletes would report greater increases in heavy drinking compared to non-athletes from fall to spring semester. Ninth grade students (N = 217) aged 13 to 15 completed questionnaires on heavy drinking indices, quantity of peak drinking, frequency of binge drinking, and estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) during the fall and spring semesters. Consistent with our hypothesis, student athletes reported significantly greater increases in heavy drinking compared to non-athletes from fall to spring semester. Additionally, there was a significant increase in all three indices of heavy drinking for student athletes, whereas there were no significant changes for non-athletes. Results demonstrate divergence in the quantity and frequency of heavy drinking between student athletes and non-athletes during the ninth grade. These findings indicate the optimal timing of preventive intervention programs may be different for student athletes and non-athletes. Results also suggest that preventive intervention program targeting heavy drinking should be implemented for high school student athletes as early as the fall semester of the ninth grade when students are transitioning to high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Doumas
- Institute for the Study of Behavioral Health and Addiction, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.,Department of Counselor Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Nadine Mastroleo
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Murray RM, Sabiston CM, Doré I, Bélanger M, O'Loughlin JL. Longitudinal associations between team sport participation and substance use in adolescents and young adults. Addict Behav 2021; 116:106798. [PMID: 33472137 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Team sport participation contributes to positive outcomes, including increased physical activity, better mental health, and enhanced social engagement. However, longitudinal studies show that team sport participation during adolescence is also associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, including harmful substance use behaviors. Our objectives were to examine these associations in an adolescent sample, assess differences between sexes, examine the association by sport type, and investigate whether associations carry into young adulthood. METHOD Over five years of high school participants reported team sport participation, smoking status, and frequency of alcohol use, three years post-high school participants reported the same behaviors as well as marijuana use. RESULTS Regression analyses accounting for individual clustering revealed that participation in team sport during high school was associated with an increased likelihood of current smoking in males and more frequent drinking in both sexes during adolescence. These relationships were strongest in individuals who participated in football. Further analyses revealed that team sport participation in high school was associated with an increased likelihood of more frequent binge drinking in young adulthood; however, team sport participation in young adulthood was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of cigarette smoking and marijuana use in young adulthood. CONCLUSION Overall, results confirm that team sport participation in adolescence is positively associated with substance use in adolescence, and this association differs by sex. However, team sport participation in young adulthood is negatively associated with harmful substance use. Further research is needed to understand if these trends generalize beyond White adolescents and young adults.
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Williams CM, Shaw MT, Mastroleo NR, Zale EL. Sport-Related and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Motives and Consequences Of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among NCAA Athletes: A Systematic Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:74-84. [PMID: 33842947 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To review differences in alcohol- and cannabis-related motives and consequences among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes as a function of athlete characteristics (e.g. gender and competition season status). METHODS Procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, PsycINFO and manual reference list review were used to identify studies that reported alcohol- or cannabis-related motives and consequences among NCAA athletes as a function of gender, race, season status, division level or sport-type through December 2019. Relevant findings and any reported psychosocial correlates were extracted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS The majority of studies (K = 15) focused on alcohol-related motives or consequences, with one examining cannabis-related motives, and no studies examined cannabis-related consequences. Social drinking motives were strongest among men and White NCAA athletes, and athlete-specific motives were most salient for men and in-season athletes. Cannabis use motives for positive reinforcement (e.g. enhancement) and coping were also strongest during the in-season. Negative alcohol-related consequences were greatest among men, athletes of color and out-of-season athletes, although women and in-season athletes experienced more consequences in athletic performance. Our exploratory aim revealed two studies that examined psychosocial correlates, and the results indicate that sensation-seeking, stress and negative affect were associated with more alcohol-related consequences. CONCLUSION NCAA athletes are a heterogenous population, and their motives and consequences of use appear to vary across multiple athlete factors (e.g., gender). This review highlights the gaps in the literature and suggests future research directions to identify the risk and protective factors for substance use among NCAA athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callon M Williams
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Michael T Shaw
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Nadine R Mastroleo
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Emily L Zale
- Department of Psychology, Harpur College of Arts & Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Doumas DM, Mastroleo NR. Reducing Alcohol Use among High School Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Brief, Web-Based Personalized Normative Feedback Intervention. THE SPORT PSYCHOLOGIST 2021; 35:55-63. [PMID: 38962423 PMCID: PMC11221588 DOI: 10.1123/tsp.2020-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
High school athletes are at risk for heavy alcohol use, which is associated with consequences that may negatively impact performance and eligibility to participate in sports. This study evaluated the efficacy of a web-based personalized normative feedback (PNF) intervention on reducing alcohol use among high school athletes in their senior year. Class periods were randomized to the intervention or an assessment-only control group. Athletes completed surveys at baseline and a 6-week follow-up. Athletes were classified as high-risk or low-risk drinkers based on baseline reports of binge drinking. Results indicated for athletes classified as high-risk drinkers, those in the intervention group reported significantly greater reductions in quantity of weekly drinking and peak drinking quantity compared to those in the assessment-only control group. There were no significant intervention effects for frequency of alcohol use. Findings provide support the efficacy of web-based PNF intervention for reducing alcohol use among high school senior athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Doumas
- Boise State University, Department of Counselor Education, Institute for the Study of Behavioral Health and Addiction
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Alcohol and Athletics: A Study of Canadian Student-Athlete Risk. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2020-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
American student-athletes (SAs) are at heightened risk for hazardous alcohol consumption compared with their nonathlete peers. However, little is known about this risk or the influence of psychosocial predictors on drinking behavior among Canadian SAs. This study compared rates of alcohol use across Canadian SAs and nonathletes and investigated whether the use of athlete-specific psychosocial predictors can improve the prediction of alcohol use outcomes in SAs. Participants (179 varsity athletes and 366 nonathletes) completed anonymous self-report questionnaires. Results suggest that Canadian athletes are at a heightened risk for experiencing alcohol-related problems compared with nonathletes, with general psychosocial predictors explaining the majority of variance in SA alcohol use. However, and quite notably, athlete-specific positive reinforcement motives predicted SA binge drinking. This research provides some of the first evidence of drinking-related problems among Canadian SAs and supports the potential use of preventative efforts to help SAs develop safe strategies for alcohol use.
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Olthuis JV, Zamboanga BL, Perrotte JK, McAulay T. Relevance of Athlete-Specific Psychosocial Factors in High School Student-Athlete Alcohol Consumption. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:264-274. [PMID: 33371757 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1861629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Research suggests that adolescent student-athletes are at heightened risk for alcohol consumption. The identification of unique, modifiable risk factors for alcohol use in this population is needed. Purpose/Objectives: Building on previous work highlighting the importance of each of athlete-specific drinking motives and alcohol expectancies, this study investigated whether athlete-specific psychosocial predictors optimize our ability to predict adolescent athlete alcohol consumption after accounting for general psychosocial predictors. Methods: Participants were 352 current high school student-athletes who completed a self-report questionnaire about their alcohol use attitudes, behaviors, and cognitions. Results: Hierarchical regression revealed that among the total sample, gender, class year, liquid courage/sociability, sexuality, and negative alcohol expectancies, and negative athletic-functioning alcohol expectancies predicted alcohol consumption. Among lifetime drinkers, gender, class year, enhancement motives, conformity motives (negative), negative athlete-functioning alcohol expectancies, and sport-related coping motives predicted alcohol consumption. Conclusions/Importance: Negative athletic-functioning alcohol expectancies and sport-related coping motives emerged as important, athlete-specific predictors of adolescent athlete alcohol use. These factors provide important opportunities for targeted prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine V Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica K Perrotte
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Taylor McAulay
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Chan WY, Rodriguez A, Shih RA, Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Seelam R, D'Amico EJ. How do college students use their free time? A latent profile analysis of leisure activities and substance use. LEISURE SCIENCES 2020; 45:331-350. [PMID: 37346392 PMCID: PMC10281707 DOI: 10.1080/01490400.2020.1829520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
College is a critical period of transition to independence and the substantial amount of time that students have to participate in leisure activities may be conducive to substance use. However, little is known about the associations between leisure activities and substance use over time, or whether these associations differ by residential status (i.e., living with parents vs. on their own). Using latent profile analysis, this study found six distinct profiles of leisure activity participation in a racially/ethnically diverse sample of college students (N=1,207). Overall, profiles with medium levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more alcohol use, heavy drinking, and marijuana use one year later; whereas profiles with the lowest levels of leisure activity participation were associated with more cigarette use one year later. Identifying mechanisms through which leisure activities influence substance use can help inform prevention efforts to either reduce risks associated with participation or support protective effects.
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Erickson K, Stanger N, Patterson L, Backhouse SH. Substance use in university sport: A cross-national study of student-athlete substance use behaviors and perceived responses to witnessing substance use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2019.100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Longo LM, Martin JL, Zamboanga BL, Milroy JJ, Wyrick DL. Ethnic, gender, and seasonal difference in heavy drinking and protective behavioral strategies among student-athletes. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2018; 19:253-270. [DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2018.1520172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Longo
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | - Jessica L. Martin
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York
| | | | | | - David L. Wyrick
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
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Graupensperger SA, Benson AJ, Blair Evans M. Everyone Else Is Doing It: The Association Between Social Identity and Susceptibility to Peer Influence in NCAA Athletes. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 40:117-127. [PMID: 30001165 PMCID: PMC6399013 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2017-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors examined athletes' conformity to teammates' risky behaviors through a performance-based manipulation paradigm. They hypothesized that athletes who strongly identified with their team would be at increased risk of conforming to teammates' behaviors. Athletes (N = 379) from 23 intact National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) teams completed surveys (e.g., social identity) and reported the extent to which they would engage in risky behavior scenarios (e.g., drinking and driving). Then, researchers displayed ostensible responses that were manipulated to appear as though teammates reported high engagement in the risky behaviors. Finally, athletes again responded to the hypothetical scenarios and a conformity index was created. Results indicated that social identity, at both individual and group levels, positively predicted conformity-indicating that athletes with stronger social identities are more susceptible to peer influence. Although these findings highlight a pernicious aspect of social identity, they also provide insight into how group-level processes could be leveraged to prevent risky behaviors in student-athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Blair Evans
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, , (Senior Author)
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12
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Lac A, Donaldson CD. Testing competing models of injunctive and descriptive norms for proximal and distal reference groups on alcohol attitudes and behavior. Addict Behav 2018; 78:153-159. [PMID: 29175291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injunctive norms represent perceptions regarding the extent that others approve of a behavior, whereas descriptive norms represent perceptions of the extent that others engage in a behavior. This study evaluated competing path models, varying in the representation of injunctive and descriptive norm constructs, to forecast alcohol attitudes and use. METHODS College students (N=326) answered questions about their normative perceptions regarding three relevant reference groups (typical students, friends, and parents) in the form of alcohol injunctive and descriptive norms. Personal alcohol attitudes (approval) and usage were assessed one month later. RESULTS The path analysis model arranged by injunctive versus descriptive found that injunctive norms explained attitudes, but descriptive norms contributed to behavior. In the path analysis model of constructs organized by reference groups, friend and parent norms uniquely contributed to attitudes, but typical student, friend, and parental norms contributed to use. Finally, the comprehensive model based on each reference group combination with injunctive and descriptive norms (e.g., typical student injunctive) determined that friend injunctive norms and parent injunctive norms uniquely forecasted alcohol attitudes, whereas typical student injunctive norms, typical student descriptive norms, and friend descriptive norms forecasted behavior. CONCLUSIONS A novel contribution of the study is the scrutiny of competing models of alcohol norms using the same multifaceted measures. Disparate implications emerge about the role of subjective norms as a function of the approach to compute the constructs. The most nuanced insights were obtained in the final comprehensive model involving the representation of norms at the finest level of specificity.
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Lewis TF, Milroy J, Wyrick D, Hebard SP, Lamberson KA. Binge-Drinking and Non-Binge-Drinking Student-Athletes: The Role of Proximal Norms, Negative Expectancies, and Selected Sociodemographic Variables. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2016.1222978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lac A, Donaldson CD. Higher-Order and Bifactor Models of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire. Assessment 2016; 24:222-231. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191115603503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Drinking Motives Questionnaire, previously postulated and documented to exhibit a measurement structure of four correlated factors (social, enhancement, conformity, and coping), is a widely administered assessment of reasons for consuming alcohol. In the current study ( N = 552), confirmatory factor analyses tested the plausibility of several theoretically relevant factor structures. Fit indices corroborated the original four-factor model, and also supported a higher-order factor model involving a superordinate motives factor that explicated four subordinate factors. A bifactor model that permitted items to double load on valence type (positive or negative reinforcement) and source type (external or internal) generated mixed results, suggesting that this 2 × 2 motivation paradigm was not entirely tenable. Optimal fit was obtained for a bifactor model depicting a general factor and four specific factors of motives. Latent factors derived from this structure exhibited criterion validity in predicting frequency and quantity of alcohol usage in a structural equation model. Findings are interpreted in the context of theoretical implications of the instrument, alternative factor structures of drinking motives, and assessment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, CO, USA
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Doumas DM, Midgett A. Ethnic Differences in Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use Among College Athletes. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE COUNSELING 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Doumas
- Department of Counselor Education and Institute for the Study of Addiction; Boise State University
| | - Aida Midgett
- Department of Counselor Education; Boise State University
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Zhou J, Heim D. Sports and Spirits: A Systematic Qualitative Review of Emergent Theories for Student-Athlete Drinking. Alcohol Alcohol 2014; 49:604-17. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hustad JTP, Pearson MR, Neighbors C, Borsari B. The role of alcohol perceptions as mediators between personality and alcohol-related outcomes among incoming college-student drinkers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2014; 28:336-47. [PMID: 24467197 DOI: 10.1037/a0033785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After high school, college students escalate their drinking at a faster rate than their noncollege-attending peers, and alcohol use in high school is one of the strongest predictors of alcohol use in college. Therefore, an improved understanding of the role of predictors of alcohol use during the critical developmental period when individuals transition to college has direct clinical implications to reduce alcohol-related harms. We used path analysis in the present study to examine the predictive effects of personality (e.g., impulsivity, sensation seeking, hopelessness, and anxiety sensitivity) and three measures of alcohol perception: descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and perceptions regarding the perceived role of drinking in college on alcohol-related outcomes. Participants were 490 incoming freshmen college students. Results indicated that descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of drinking largely mediated the effects of personality on alcohol outcomes. In contrast, both impulsivity and hopelessness exhibited direct effects on alcohol-related problems. The perceived role of drinking was a particularly robust predictor of outcomes and mediator of the effects of personality traits, including sensation seeking and impulsivity on alcohol outcomes. The intertwined relationships observed in this study between personality factors, descriptive norms, injunctive norms, and the role of drinking highlight the importance of investigating these predictors simultaneously. Findings support the implementation of interventions that target these specific perceptions about the role of drinking in college.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico
| | | | - Brian Borsari
- Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center
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Dore RA, Stone ER, Buchanan CM. A Social Values Analysis of Parental Decision Making. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 148:477-504. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2013.808603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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A Culturally Sensitive Approach to Treating Substance Abuse in Athletes Using Evidence-Supported Methods. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.7.2.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Substance abuse in athletes is both prevalent and dangerous, leading to its international recognition as a public health concern. In recent controlled trials, behavioral prevention programs have been shown to reduce alcohol use in collegiate student athletes who are at-risk for alcohol abuse, with outcomes appearing to be enhanced when family members are prescriptively involved. However, no interventions have been found to decrease alcohol or drug use frequency in controlled trials involving athletes who have been diagnosed with substance abuse, and no prescribed clinical interventions for substance abuse have been tailored to accommodate the unique needs of competitive athletes. As an initial step in this development, we review an evidenced-supported behavioral treatment program modified for use with athletes. Optimizing the support of significant others, this innovative treatment approach comprehensively targets multiple areas of mental health while emphasizing cultural enlightenment. Recommendations are offered, including the great need for controlled treatment outcome research specific to substance abuse in athletes.
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Doumas DM. Alcohol-Related Consequences Among Intercollegiate Student Athletes: The Role of Drinking Motives. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1874.2013.00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Larimer ME, Neighbors C, LaBrie JW, Atkins DC, Lewis MA, Lee CM, Kilmer JR, Kaysen DL, Pedersen ER, Montoya H, Hodge K, Desai S, Hummer JF, Walter T. Descriptive drinking norms: For whom does reference group matter? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 72:833-43. [PMID: 21906510 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2011.72.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perceived descriptive drinking norms often differ from actual norms and are positively related to personal consumption. However, it is not clear how normative perceptions vary with specificity of the reference group. Are drinking norms more accurate and more closely related to drinking behavior as reference group specificity increases? Do these relationships vary as a function of participant demographics? The present study examined the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and drinking behavior by ethnicity (Asian or White), sex, and fraternity/sorority status. METHOD Participants were 2,699 (58% female) White (75%) or Asian (25%) undergraduates from two universities who reported their own alcohol use and perceived descriptive norms for eight reference groups: "typical student"; same sex, ethnicity, or fraternity/sorority status; and all combinations of these three factors. RESULTS Participants generally reported the highest perceived norms for the most distal reference group (typical student), with perceptions becoming more accurate as individuals' similarity to the reference group increased. Despite increased accuracy, participants perceived that all reference groups drank more than was actually the case. Across specific subgroups (fraternity/sorority members and men) different patterns emerged. Fraternity/sorority members reliably reported higher estimates of drinking for reference groups that included fraternity/ sorority status, and, to a lesser extent, men reported higher estimates for reference groups that included men. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that interventions targeting normative misperceptions may need to provide feedback based on participant demography or group membership. Although reference group-specific feedback may be important for some subgroups, typical student feedback provides the largest normative discrepancy for the majority of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Larimer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
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Dunn M, Thomas JO. A risk profile of elite Australian athletes who use illicit drugs. Addict Behav 2012; 37:144-7. [PMID: 21963151 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Much of the literature investigating the relationship between sports participation and substance use has focused upon student populations, with little focus being given to athletes who participate at elite levels. Identifying why some athletes may be at a greater risk for substance use can help in the design and implementation of prevention initiatives. Data for the current study was from 1684 self-complete surveys with elite Australian athletes. Eight percent (n=134) of the sample reported the use of at least one of the six illicit drugs under investigation (ecstasy, cannabis, cocaine, meth/amphetamine, ketamine and GHB) in the past year. Having been offered or having had the opportunity to use illicit drugs in the past year, knowing other athletes who use drugs and identifying as a 'full-time athlete' were significant predictors of past-year illicit drug use, while having completed secondary education or a post-school qualification was associated with a lower likelihood of past-year illicit drug use. Athletes are part of a sportsnet that includes family, coaches, support staff and other athletes, and these relationships may encourage the use, supply and demand for drugs. The current findings suggest that relationships with some of those in the sportsnet may play an important role when understanding illicit drug use among elite athletes. As education appears to be associated with a lower likelihood of illicit drug use among this group, initiatives should encourage athletes to engage in off-field pursuits which may also help prepare them for life after sport.
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Social Influences, Alcohol Expectancies, and Hazardous Alcohol Use Among College Athletes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.5.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has shown that college student-athletes are at increased risk for hazardous alcohol use. As such, this study examined social and cognitive influences on athletes’ alcohol consumption by exploring the association between injunctive norms (parental, teammate, and coach approval) and hazardous alcohol use among college athletes, and testing whether alcohol expectancy outcomes and valuations would mediate this association. College student-athletes (n = 301; mean age = 19.4, SD = 1.3) completed self-report questionnaires assessing their drinking behaviors and perceptions of alcohol use in their social environment. Structural equation modeling revealed, in all but one case, a direct association between each of the injunctive norms variables and hazardous alcohol use. In addition, negative expectancy valuations mediated the association between teammate approval and hazardous alcohol use. Injunctive norms emerged as an important factor in student-athletes’ alcohol use. Implications for alcohol intervention programming among student-athletes are discussed.
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Grossbard J, Hummer J, LaBrie J, Pederson E, Neighbors C. Is Substance Use a Team Sport? Attraction to Team, Perceived Norms, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use Among Male and Female Intercollegiate Athletes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 21:247-261. [PMID: 34421283 PMCID: PMC8378733 DOI: 10.1080/10413200903019145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the role of attraction to one's team in predicting alcohol and marijuana use among intercollegiate athletes. Attraction to team and alcohol-related information were collected via an online survey and marijuana use-related information was gathered in a live setting. We investigated the influence of attraction to one's team above and beyond the influence of gender and perceived norms, and attraction to team as a moderator of these relationships. Attraction to one's team accounted for significant variance in marijuana use, and alcohol-related consequences after controlling for alcohol consumption. Regression analyses revealed significant interactions between gender, attraction to team, and norms in predicting alcohol and marijuana use. Stronger attraction to one's team may increase alcohol use but decrease marijuana use among male athletes, suggesting the importance of attraction to team when developing interventions for athletes.
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