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Struik LL, O'Loughlin EK, Riglea T, O'Loughlin JL. Predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101965. [PMID: 36161135 PMCID: PMC9502288 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults at age 30 were studied. Data was drawn from the Nicotine Dependence In Teens (NDIT) cohort. Male sex, friends smoke, tobacco and substance use, and impulsivity predicted use. Higher education and very good/excellent self-rated health were protective. These factors warrant consideration in public health efforts.
Understanding the underpinnings of e-cigarette use among young adults is critical to addressing increasing uptake. We identified predictors of past-year e-cigarette use among young adults in Montreal, Canada. Data on potential predictors were available for 714 young adults participating in the ongoing Nicotine Dependence in Teens Study at age 20 in 2007–08. Past-year e-cigarette use was measured at age 30 in 2017–20. Each potential predictor was studied in a separate multivariable logistic regression model controlling for age, sex, and educational attainment. Male sex, friends who smoke, cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products, alcohol use, use of marijuana, and impulsivity predicted past-year e-cigarette use. Higher educational attainment and very good/excellent self-rated health were protective. Program and policy makers will need to consider these predictors of e-cigarette use in the design of clinical and public health interventions targeting e-cigarette use in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Struik
- School of Nursing, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V1V7, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| | - Erin K. O'Loughlin
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2W6, Canada
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Teodora Riglea
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. O'Loughlin
- Carrefour de l’innovation et de l’évaluation en santé, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center, Tour Saint-Antoine, 850 Rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, 7101 ave du Parc, Montréal, QC H3N 1X9, Canada
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2
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Choi R, Kang HG. Intention to quit smoking according to smoking preferences and perceptions of electronic cigarettes among university students in South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28133. [PMID: 35049244 PMCID: PMC9191613 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to alleviate unhealthy smoking habits among university students and provide the basic data necessary for public health-oriented approaches such as developing regulations and policies on electronic cigarettes by analyzing the relationship between university students' smoking preferences, perceptions of electronic cigarettes, and intention to quit smoking.This study involved 567 college students and conducted frequency and chi-squared analyses of the general characteristics, smoking preferences, and perceptions of electronic cigarettes. This study also performed logistic regression analysis to analyze the relationship between intention to quit smoking stratified by smoking preferences and the perceptions about electronic cigarettes. SPSS version 25.0 was used for data analysis.This study showed that electronic cigarette smokers were approximately 6.4 to 10.8 times more likely to think that electronic cigarettes positively affect smoking cessation attitude than nonsmokers. This study showed that regular cigarette smokers were approximately 1.7 to 2.2 times and other smoker 3.3 to 3.9 times more likely to think that electronic cigarettes positively affect smoking cessation attitude than nonsmokers. Those who perceived harmless to the human body, capable of reducing the frequency of smoking, and less harmful than tobacco were approximately 2.6 to 2.9, 11.6 to 12.8, and 3.3 to 3.7 times more likely have intention to quit smoking, respectively.Regular health education, advertising awareness of health hazards, and public health science-oriented approaches and policies for smoking cessation support services are needed to create awareness on electronic cigarettes among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoung Choi
- Department of Health Administration, Dongshin University, Naju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University School of Medicine, Jeonju, South Korea
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3
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Tran Luy M, Airagnes G, Matta J, Toubiana L, Allagbe I, Limosin F, Le Faou AL. Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Vapers Using E-Cigarettes Exclusively: The French Vapoquid Study. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:2035-2043. [PMID: 34523386 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1967987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes are increasingly being used as smoking cessation aids. Most studies assess the dual use of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, but there remains a paucity of literature concerning individuals who use e-cigarettes exclusively. Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of exclusive e-cigarette users, and consider their willingness to quit e-cigarette use. Methods: A French online survey was conducted from March to December 2017. We assessed the following factors: sociodemographic factors; the clinical characteristics of e-cigarette use and its social acceptability; and the self-perceived effectiveness of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Associations between the listed factors and a willingness to quit e-cigarette use were examined. Results: A total of 386 exclusive e-cigarette users (70% men) participated in the study and were included in the analysis. Most respondents were not planning to quit e-cigarette use (75%). Compared to those who did not want to quit, a desire to quit was associated with using smoking cessation services (OR [95%CI]: 3.45 [1.82-6.56]), e-cigarette craving (OR [95%CI]: 2.63 [1.44-4.80]) and NRT past-use (1.78 [1.12-2.87]). Users who planned to quit expressed more concerns about smoking initiation among youths using e-cigarettes (OR [95%CI]: 3.62 [1.90-6.93]). In multivariate analysis, these associations remained significant for the use of smoking cessation services, e-cigarette cravings, and concerns about youth tobacco initiation. Conclusion: Most exclusive e-cigarette users were not likely to quit. Planned cessation was associated with using smoking cessation services, experiencing e-cigarette dependence symptoms, and being concerned about smoking initiation among teenager e-cigarette users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Tran Luy
- Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Airagnes
- Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France.,UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Joane Matta
- UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Ingrid Allagbe
- Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Limosin
- UMR_S 1266, Centre Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Le Faou
- Centre Ambulatoire d'Addictologie, Département Médico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire Network of Research in Substance Use Disorder, Paris, France
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4
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Comiford AL, Rhoades DA, Dvorak JD, Ding K, Mehta T, Spicer P, Wagener T, Doescher MP. Use of Potentially Reduced Exposure Tobacco Products Among American Indian Smokeless Tobacco Users: Associations With Cessation Behaviors and Cotinine Levels. Public Health Rep 2020; 135:141-149. [PMID: 31835016 DOI: 10.1177/0033354919893031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults use smokeless tobacco products (eg, chewing and dip tobacco) more often than other racial/ethnic groups do. Although US adults increasingly use potentially reduced exposure tobacco products (PREPs), such as electronic cigarettes and snus, no studies have examined the use of PREPs among AI/AN smokeless tobacco users. We examined associations between current PREPs use and smokeless tobacco-related measures, including cessation attempts and cotinine levels, in a sample of American Indian adults who currently use smokeless tobacco. METHODS We collected survey and tobacco biomarker data from 299 adult American Indian smokeless tobacco users at Cherokee Nation health care facilities and events in 2016 and 2017. We used multivariable analyses to determine associations between current PREPs use and smokeless tobacco-related characteristics. RESULTS Current PREPs users were younger, less likely to be married or living with a partner, less likely to report a chronic medical condition, and more likely to report other tobacco use than PREPs nonusers. Among participants with annual household incomes ≤$30 000, current PREPs users were less likely than PREPs nonusers to report a definite desire to quit smokeless tobacco (P = .02). PREPs use was not associated with planning to quit smokeless tobacco, past 12-month smokeless tobacco quit attempts, amount of smokeless tobacco used per week, cotinine levels, or scores on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that American Indian smokeless tobacco users may not be using PREPs as a smokeless tobacco cessation aid. Future studies should take this finding into consideration when evaluating the role of PREPs use in smokeless tobacco cessation and in total tobacco cessation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Comiford
- Department of Community Health Promotions, Cherokee Nation, Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Dorothy A Rhoades
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Justin D Dvorak
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Toral Mehta
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Center for Tobacco Research, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Paul Spicer
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Applied Social Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Theodore Wagener
- Center for Tobacco Research and Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark P Doescher
- Center for Tobacco Research, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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5
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Robayo-González CX, Becerra N, Castro-Goyes DF. [Effects of electronic cigarettes on health. A literature review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 21:115-121. [PMID: 33206918 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v21n1.77032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the most recent literature on electronic cigarettes (EC) available in the market, in order to characterize their composition, current use, health risks associated with their use, as well as their possible use as smoking cessation therapy. To generate a greater understanding of EC and their importance in the field of public health. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed in indexed databases using MeSH and DeCS terms, finding 55 articles that met the inclusion criteria and five additional reviews of companies or governmental bodies. RESULTS The diversity of the types and components of electronic cigarettes has increased awareness of their use. So far, the increase in EC consumption worldwide has led many organizations to issue concepts and review different types of studies that show evidence of a discrepancy between what is offered and what is presented. Consequently, it is clear that a definitive concept of their use cannot be issued. CONCLUSIONS The increase in the use of electronic cigarettes worldwide has triggered alarms on the regulation of contents, presentations, effects on health, and possible recommendations for their use, making it necessary to better review the issue in order to give a clear concept to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelci Becerra
- NB. MD. Javesalud IPS. Clínica para dejar de fumar - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá, Colombia.
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6
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Kim B, Yoo S, Cho SI. Association between stages of change for smoking cessation and electronic cigarette use among adult smokers: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204244. [PMID: 30235294 PMCID: PMC6147483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether smokers who are ready to quit are more likely to use electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) than those who are not. The association between the ever and current use of e-cigarettes with the stages of change (SOC) model was examined, which reflects the readiness to quit smoking. Current smokers were categorized based on the SOC (precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation). We investigated the associations between quit attempts, intention to quit, and stage of change with e-cigarette use in the general population and different age groups. We used data from the Korea Community Health Survey that was conducted nationwide in 2014, and 45,378 current smokers were included in the study. Adult smokers were more likely to use e-cigarettes simultaneously in the preparation and contemplation stages than in the precontemplation stage (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] of preparation stage: 2.88 and 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26–3.66; AOR of contemplation stage: 1.93 and 95% CI: 1.67–2.24). Ever use of e-cigarette was significantly associated with the contemplation stage in smokers younger than 50 years, while current e-cigarette use was greater in the contemplation stage than in the precontemplation stage at all ages. Both ever and current use of e-cigarettes were significantly related with the preparation stage among all age groups except 50–59 years. Because the use of e-cigarette among smokers may continually increase, public health guidance must be provided to different types of dual users. Previous studies on the association between e-cigarette use and the cognitive and behavioral aspects of smokers have conflicting results. This study highlights whether the use of e-cigarettes can be used as an indicator for the readiness to quit smoking. Thus, counselors can encourage smoking cessation and provide tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Kim
- Bureau of Public Health Policy, Office for Healthcare Policy, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Sejong-si, Korea
| | - Seunghyun Yoo
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Simon P, Camenga DR, Morean ME, Kong G, Bold KW, Cavallo DA, Krishnan-Sarin S. Socioeconomic status and adolescent e-cigarette use: The mediating role of e-cigarette advertisement exposure. Prev Med 2018; 112:193-198. [PMID: 29673887 PMCID: PMC6007030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Among adolescents, low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater exposure to tobacco cigarette advertising and cigarette use. However, associations among SES, e-cigarette advertising and e-cigarette use are not well understood. This study examined exposure to e-cigarette advertisements as a mediator of the relationship between SES and adolescent e-cigarette use. Adolescents (N = 3473; 51% Female) from 8 high schools in Connecticut completed an anonymous survey in Spring 2015. Mediation analysis was used to examine whether the total number of sources of recent e-cigarette advertising exposure (e.g., TV, radio, billboards, magazines, local stores [gas stations, convenience stores], vape shops, mall kiosks, tobacco shops, social media) mediated the association between SES (measured by the Family Affluence Scale) and past-month frequency of e-cigarette use. We clustered for school and controlled for other tobacco product use, age, sex, race/ethnicity and perceived social norms for e-cigarette use in the model. Our sample recently had seen advertisements via 2.1 (SD = 2.8) advertising channels. Mediation was supported (indirect effect: β = 0.01, SE = 0.00, 95% CI [0.001, 0.010], p = 0.02), such that higher SES was associated with greater recent advertising exposure, which, in turn, was associated with greater frequency of e-cigarette use. Our study suggests that regulations to reduce youth exposure to e-cigarette advertisement may be especially relevant to higher SES youth. Future research should examine these associations longitudinally and evaluate which types of advertisements target different SES groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Simon
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & The Consultation Center, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Deepa R Camenga
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, 464 Congress Avenue Suite 260, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Meghan E Morean
- Oberlin College, Department of Psychology, 120 West Lorain, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Grace Kong
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Krysten W Bold
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Dana A Cavallo
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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8
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von Chamier M, Reyes L, Hayward LF, Brown MB. Impact of gestational nicotine exposure on intrauterine and fetal infection in a rodent model. Biol Reprod 2018; 96:1071-1084. [PMID: 28419180 PMCID: PMC5803783 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the interaction between prenatal nicotine exposure and intrauterine infection using established rat models. Beginning at gestation day (GD) 6, dams were continuously infused with either saline or 6 mg/kg/day nicotine (Nic). At GD 14, dams received either sterile broth or 105 colony-forming units Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP), resulting in four treatment groups: control (4 dams, 33 fetal units); MP only (5 dams, 55 fetal units); Nic only (5 dams, 61 fetal units), and Nic + MP (7 dams, 82 fetal units). At GD 18, nicotine exposure significantly increased (P ≤ 0.02) the percentage of amniotic fluids and fetuses infected by MP but did not impact colonization rates of maternal sites. Nicotine exposure significantly reduced the numbers of MP in the placenta required for high microbial loads (≥104 color-changing units) in the amniotic fluid (P < 0.01). Fetal inflammatory response lesions were most extensive in the Nic only and Nic + MP groups (P < 0.0001). Control and MP only placentas were interleukin (IL)10-dominant, consistent with an M2/Th2 environment. Placentas exposed to nicotine shifted to a neutral environment, with equivalent levels of interferon gamma (IFNG) and IL10. Both IL6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels in amniotic fluid were highly elevated when both nicotine and infection were present. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to nicotine increases the risk for intrauterine infection, lowers the infectious dose required to breach the placental barrier and infect the amniotic fluid and fetus, and alters the pathology and inflammatory profile associated with maternal and fetal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria von Chamier
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Leticia Reyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Pathobiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin
| | - Linda F Hayward
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mary B Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Villanti AC, Feirman SP, Niaura RS, Pearson JL, Glasser AM, Collins LK, Abrams DB. How do we determine the impact of e-cigarettes on cigarette smoking cessation or reduction? Review and recommendations for answering the research question with scientific rigor. Addiction 2018; 113:391-404. [PMID: 28975720 PMCID: PMC6947656 DOI: 10.1111/add.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To propose a hierarchy of methodological criteria to consider when determining whether a study provides sufficient information to answer the question of whether e-cigarettes can facilitate cigarette smoking cessation or reduction. DESIGN A PubMed search to 1 February 2017 was conducted of all studies related to e-cigarettes and smoking cessation or reduction. SETTINGS Australia, Europe, Iran, Korea, New Zealand and the United States. PARTICIPANTS AND STUDIES 91 articles. MEASUREMENTS Coders organized studies according to six proposed methodological criteria: (1) examines outcome of interest (cigarette abstinence or reduction), (2) assesses e-cigarette use for cessation as exposure of interest, (3) employs appropriate control/comparison groups, (4) ensures that measurement of exposure precedes the outcome, (5) evaluates dose and duration of the exposure and (6) evaluates the type and quality of the e-cigarette used. FINDINGS Twenty-four papers did not examine the outcomes of interest. Forty did not assess the specific reason for e-cigarette use as an exposure of interest. Twenty papers did not employ prospective study designs with appropriate comparison groups. The few observational studies meeting some of the criteria (duration, type, use for cessation) triangulated with findings from three randomized trials to suggest that e-cigarettes can help adult smokers quit or reduce cigarette smoking. CONCLUSIONS Only a small proportion of studies seeking to address the effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation or reduction meet a set of proposed quality standards. Those that do are consistent with randomized controlled trial evidence in suggesting that e-cigarettes can help with smoking cessation or reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Villanti
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Vermont Center on Behavior and Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Shari P. Feirman
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Raymond S. Niaura
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Pearson
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Allison M. Glasser
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren K. Collins
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David B. Abrams
- The Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies, Legacy, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Breland A, Soule E, Lopez A, Ramôa C, El-Hellani A, Eissenberg T. Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1394:5-30. [PMID: 26774031 PMCID: PMC4947026 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use electricity to power a heating element that aerosolizes a liquid containing solvents, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine for user inhalation. ECIGs have evolved rapidly in the past 8 years, and the changes in product design and liquid constituents affect the resulting toxicant yield in the aerosol and delivery to the user. This rapid evolution has been accompanied by dramatic increases in ECIG use prevalence in many countries among adults and, especially, adolescents in the United States. The increased prevalence of ECIGs that deliver nicotine and other toxicants to users' lungs drives a rapidly growing research effort. This review highlights the most recent information regarding the design of ECIGs and their liquid and aerosol constituents, the epidemiology of ECIG use among adolescents and adults (including correlates of ECIG use), and preclinical and clinical research regarding ECIG effects. The current literature suggests a strong rationale for an empirical regulatory approach toward ECIGs that balances any potential ECIG-mediated decreases in health risks for smokers who use them as substitutes for tobacco cigarettes against any increased risks for nonsmokers who may be attracted to them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Soule
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virgina
| | - Alexa Lopez
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virgina
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11
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Xu Y, Guo Y, Liu K, Liu Z, Wang X. E-Cigarette Awareness, Use, and Harm Perception among Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165938. [PMID: 27861501 PMCID: PMC5115669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to systematically review the published literature on the awareness, previous and current use, and harm perceptions of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) among adults. Methods A search of the most current literature using the PubMed and Scopus database to identify articles published since 2003 yielded a total of 28 relevant articles. Results The pooled prevalence of awareness, previous use, current use of e-cigarettes and perceived healthier of e-cigarettes than regular cigarettes (healthier perception) among adults were 61.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.5–70.8%), 16.8% (95% CI: 14.0–19.6%), 11.1% (95% CI: 9.2–13.1%), and 52.6% (95% CI: 42.5–62.6%), respectively, using a random effects model. The subgroup analysis showed that pooled estimates were highest in the group of current smokers of regular cigarettes, except that the highest pooled rate of current use was seen in the group of former smokers of regular cigarettes (the corresponding rates were 71.9% (95% CI: 57.5–86.3%), 27.2% (95% CI: 18.8–35.6%), 16.8% (95% CI: 7.2–26.3%), and 63.1% (95% CI: 52.1–74.1%)), and the lowest pooled rates were in the group of non-smokers, except for the rate of healthier perception in the users of e-cigarettes (and the corresponding rates were 46.8% (95% CI: 26.8–66.8%), 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1–5.6%), 1.2% (95% CI: 0.4–2.1%), and 37.9% (95% CI: -0.5–76.3%)). The cumulative meta-analysis found that awareness increased over time, while the prevalence of previous use, current use, and healthier perception first experienced an increase followed by a decrease and remained stable thereafter. Conclusions E-cigarette awareness has been increasing, and e-cigarette use and perceived health risks are nearly invariable between 2009 and 2014. Given the substantial heterogeneity in the prevalence rate estimates, there is a need for more accurate and comparable prevalence estimates for e-cigarettes across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control, Baoan Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yanfang Guo
- Department of Chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control, Baoan Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiqian Liu
- Department of Chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control, Baoan Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chronic non-communicable disease prevention and control, Baoan Chronic Diseases Prevent and Cure Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kinouani S, Castéra P, Laporte C, Pétrègne F, Gay B. Factors and motivations associated with use of e-cigarette among primary care patients in a prospective cohort study: e-TAC study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011488. [PMID: 27311913 PMCID: PMC4916613 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the relationship between electronic cigarette use and smoking has often been studied, the association between electronic cigarette use and socioeconomic factors has received less attention. This is a study protocol aiming to describe the relationship between the consumption of psychoactive products (in particular: smoking) or some socioeconomic factors and the evolution of the use of electronic cigarette in primary healthcare over 1 year. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Electronic cigarette, Tobacco, Alcohol and Cannabis (e-TAC) is a prospective multisite cohort study, including 473 patients at baseline and carrying out in general practices in the Aquitaine area (France). The volunteer patients participated in the study regardless of their initial reason for consultation. They filled out a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and will also do so after 12 months by phone, email or letter. The study will focus on the factors that explain the experimentation with or the current use of the electronic cigarette, as well as factors associated with their evolutions over time using multivariate logistic regression modelling or Cox regression modelling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study received ethical approval from the University of Bordeaux Committee for the protection of persons. It was also approved by the National Commission for Data Processing and Freedoms. Findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and we will disseminate them by presentations at national or international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER RCB: 2015-A00778-41; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shérazade Kinouani
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, team HEALTHY, UMR1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Castéra
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Laporte
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, EA 7280, NPsy-Sydo (Neuro-Psycho-pharmacologie des Systèmes Dopaminergiques sous-corticaux), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - François Pétrègne
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Gay
- Department of General Practice, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Kim SY, Shen Y, Hou Y, Tilton KE, Juang L, Wang Y. Annual Review of Asian American Psychology, 2014. ASIAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 6:291-332. [PMID: 26925199 PMCID: PMC4765738 DOI: 10.1037/aap0000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This 2014 review of Asian American psychology is the sixth review in the series. It includes 316 articles that met the inclusion criteria established by the past five annual reviews. Featured articles were derived from three sources: 137 were generated via the search term "Asian American" in PyscINFO, 111 were generated via a search for specific Asian American ethnic groups, and 32 were generated via author searches of articles that met the inclusion criteria. The top primary topic was health and health-related behaviors, the most frequently employed study design was cross-sectional, and the most studied Asian American ethnic group was Chinese. This year's review includes information on the target population of the primary topic, the age range and developmental period of participants, and whether the study design was cross-sectional or longitudinal. It also identifies top authors and journals contributing to the 2014 annual review. These new features reveal that the most common target population of the primary topic was youths; studies most commonly included emerging adults ages 18-25; cross-sectional study design was employed more often than longitudinal design; the top contributor to the 2014 review was Stephen Chen, who authored the highest number of papers included; and the Asian American Journal of Psychology generated the highest number of publications for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 471-5524
| | - Yishan Shen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 983-7551
| | - Yang Hou
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 660-2236
| | - Kelsey E Tilton
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 956-459-4212
| | - Linda Juang
- University of Potsdam, College of Human Sciences, Education, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany, +49 (0)172 1882255,
| | - Yijie Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 289-8136
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Naik P, Cucullo L. Pathobiology of tobacco smoking and neurovascular disorders: untied strings and alternative products. Fluids Barriers CNS 2015; 12:25. [PMID: 26520792 PMCID: PMC4628383 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-015-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. In addition to a host of well characterized diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, oral and peripheral cancers and cardiovascular complications, epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic smokers are at equal risk to develop neurological and neurovascular complications such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, vascular dementia and small vessel ischemic disease (SVID). Unfortunately, few direct neurotoxicology studies of tobacco smoking and its pathogenic pathways have been produced so far. A major link between TS and CNS disorders is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this review article, we summarize the current understanding of the toxicological impact of TS on BBB physiology and function and major compensatory mechanisms such as nrf2- ARE signaling and anti-inflammatory pathways activated by TS. In the same context, we discuss the controversial role of antioxidant supplementation as a prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach in delaying or decreasing the disease complications in smokers. Further, we cover a number of toxicological studies associated with "reduced exposure" cigarette products including electronic cigarettes. Finally, we provide insights on possible avenues for future research including mechanistic studies using direct inhalation rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, 1300 S. Coulter Street, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA. .,Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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