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Adams F, Zimmermann CM, Baldassi D, Pehl TM, Weingarten P, Kachel I, Kränzlein M, Jürgens DC, Braubach P, Alexopoulos I, Wygrecka M, Merkel OM. Pulmonary siRNA Delivery with Sophisticated Amphiphilic Poly(Spermine Acrylamides) for the Treatment of Lung Fibrosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308775. [PMID: 38126895 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an efficient strategy to post-transcriptionally silence gene expression. While all siRNA drugs on the market target the liver, the lung offers a variety of currently undruggable targets, which can potentially be treated with RNA therapeutics. To achieve this goal, the synthesis of poly(spermine acrylamides) (P(SpAA) is reported herein. Polymers are prepared via polymerization of N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) and afterward this active ester is converted into spermine-based pendant groups. Copolymerizations with decylacrylamide are employed to increase the hydrophobicity of the polymers. After deprotection, polymers show excellent siRNA encapsulation to obtain perfectly sized polyplexes at very low polymer/RNA ratios. In vitro 2D and 3D cell culture, ex vivo and in vivo experiments reveal superior properties of amphiphilic spermine-copolymers with respect to delivery of siRNA to lung cells in comparison to commonly used lipid-based transfection agents. In line with the in vitro results, siRNA delivery to human lung explants confirm more efficient gene silencing of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G protein-coupled receptor involved in fibrosis. This study reveals the importance of the balance between efficient polyplex formation, cellular uptake, gene knockdown, and toxicity for efficient siRNA delivery in vitro, in vivo, and in fibrotic human lung tissue ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Chair of Macromolecular Materials and Fiber Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Center for Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph M Zimmermann
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Domizia Baldassi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Weingarten
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Kachel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - David C Jürgens
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH) Research Network, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ioannis Alexopoulos
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Multiscale Imaging Platform, Institute for Lung Health, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infections and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, German Center for Lung Research, Aulweg 132, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Department Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Vu Thi H, Tran LT, Nguyen HQ, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for respiratory diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 203:257-271. [PMID: 38360002 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
It has become increasingly common to utilize RNA treatment to treat respiratory illnesses. Experimental research on both people and animals has advanced quickly since the turn of the twenty-first century in an effort to discover a treatment for respiratory ailments that could not be accomplished with earlier techniques, specifically in treating prevalent respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections caused by viruses, and asthma. This chapter has provided a comprehensive overview of the scientific evidence in applying RNA therapy to treat respiratory diseases. The chapter describes the development of this therapy for respiratory diseases. At the same time, the types of RNA therapy for respiratory diseases have been highlighted. In addition, the mechanism of this therapy for respiratory diseases has also been covered. These insights are indispensable if this therapy is to be developed widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thao Tran
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huy Quang Nguyen
- LMI DRISA, Department of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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3
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Jagrosse ML, Baliga UK, Jones CW, Russell JJ, García CI, Najar RA, Rahman A, Dean DA, Nilsson BL. Impact of Peptide Sequence on Functional siRNA Delivery and Gene Knockdown with Cyclic Amphipathic Peptide Delivery Agents. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:6090-6103. [PMID: 37963105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide therapeutics that modify gene expression by accessing RNA-interference (RNAi) pathways have great promise for the treatment of a range of disorders; however, their application in clinical settings has been limited by significant challenges in cellular delivery. Herein, we report a structure-function study using a series of modified cyclic amphipathic cell-penetrating peptides (CAPs) to determine the impact of peptide sequence on (1) siRNA-binding efficiency, (2) cellular delivery and knockdown efficiency, and (3) the endocytic uptake mechanism. Nine cyclic peptides of the general sequence Ac-C[XZ]4CG-NH2 in which X residues are hydrophobic/aromatic (Phe, Tyr, Trp, or Leu) and Z residues are charged/hydrophilic (Arg, Lys, Ser, or Glu) are assessed along with one acyclic peptide, Ac-(WR)4G-NH2. Cyclization is enforced by intramolecular disulfide bond formation between the flanking Cys residues. Binding analyses indicate that strong cationic character and the presence of aromatic residues that are competent to participate in CH-π interactions lead to CAP sequences that most effectively interact with siRNA. CAP-siRNA binding increases in the following order as a function of CAP hydrophobic/aromatic content: His < Phe < Tyr < Trp. Both cationic charge and disulfide-constrained cyclization of CAPs improve uptake of siRNA in vitro. Net neutral CAPs and an acyclic peptide demonstrate less-efficient siRNA translocation compared to the cyclic, cationic CAPs tested. All CAPs tested facilitated efficient siRNA target gene knockdown of at least 50% (as effective as a lipofectamine control), with the best CAPs enabling >80% knockdown. Significantly, gene knockdown efficiency does not strongly correlate with CAP-siRNA internalization efficiency but moderately correlates with CAP-siRNA-binding affinity. Finally, utilization of small-molecule inhibitors and targeted knockdown of essential endocytic pathway proteins indicate that most CAP-siRNA nanoparticles facilitate siRNA delivery through clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis. These results provide insight into the design principles for CAPs to facilitate siRNA delivery and the mechanisms by which these peptides translocate siRNA into cells. These studies also demonstrate the nature of the relationships between peptide-siRNA binding, cellular delivery of siRNA cargo, and functional gene knockdown. Strong correlations between these properties are not always observed, which illustrates the complexity in the design of optimal next-generation materials for oligonucleotide delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Jagrosse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Uday K Baliga
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Jade J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Claudia I García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
| | - Rauf Ahmad Najar
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David A Dean
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United States
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Verma P, Gupta GD, Markandeywar TS, Singh D. A Critical Sojourn of Polymeric Micelles: Technological Concepts, Recent Advances, and Future Prospects. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2023; 21:31-47. [PMID: 36856457 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2022.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly soluble drug molecules/phytoconstituents are still a growing concern for biopharmaceutical delivery in the body. Polymeric micelles are the amphiphilic block copolymers and have been widely investigated as targeted nanocarriers for the treatment of various ailments. The versatility of nanocarriers is the self-assembling properties in the aqueous medium and forms a stable isotropic system in vivo. The hydrophobic core-hydrophilic shell configuration of the polymers used to the mixed micelles makes easy encapsulation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs into the core. Polymeric micelles can also be combined with targeting ligands that increase their uptake by specific cells, decreasing off-target effects, and provide enhanced therapeutic effect. In the present review, we primarily focused on a critical appraisal of Polymeric micelles along with the method of preparation, mechanism of micelle formulation, and the ongoing formulations under clinical trials. In addition, the biological applications of this isotropic nanocarrier have been duly presented in each route of administration along with suitable case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princi Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Dilpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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O'Sullivan J, Muñoz-Muñoz J, Turnbull G, Sim N, Penny S, Moschos S. Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20432-20446. [PMID: 35919168 PMCID: PMC9281799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy. We describe various complex oligosaccharides (OSs) and ask what others could be used to target receptors for NAT delivery and the opportunities awaiting exploration of this chemical space. Tapping the glycome space for targeted delivery. We explore GalNAc for targeting oligonucleotides to the liver and ask what other oligosaccharides could expand targeting options for other tissues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Sullivan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Jose Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
| | - Neil Sim
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Durham, UK, DH6 5PF
| | - Stuart Penny
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate, Durham, UK, DH6 5PF
| | - Sterghios Moschos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, NE1 8ST
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Coelho F, Botelho C, Paris JL, Marques EF, Silva BF. Influence of the media ionic strength on the formation and in vitro biological performance of polycation-DNA complexes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Evaluation of the Benefits of Microfluidic-Assisted Preparation of Polymeric Nanoparticles for DNA Delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 127:112243. [PMID: 34225883 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An effective delivery vehicle of genetic materials to their target site is the key to a successful gene therapy. In many cases, nanoparticles are used as the vehicle of choice and the efficiency of the delivery relies heavily on the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. Microfluidics, although being a low throughput method, has been increasingly researched for the preparation of nanoparticles. A range of superior properties were claimed in the literature for microfluidic-prepared platforms, but no evidence on direct comparison of the properties of the nanoparticles prepared by microfluidics and conventional high throughput method exists, leaving the industry with little guidance on how to select effective large-scale nanoparticle manufacturing method. This study used plasmid DNA-loaded PLGA-Eudragit nanoparticles as the model system to critically compare the nanoparticles prepared by conventional and microfluidics-assisted nanoprecipitation. The PLGA-Eudragit nanoparticles prepared by microfluidics were found to be statistically significantly larger than the ones prepared by conventional nanoprecipitation. PLGA-Eudragit nanoparticle prepared conventionally showed higher DNA loading efficiency. Although the DNA-loaded nanoparticles prepared by both methods did not induce significant cytotoxicity, the transfection efficiency was found to be higher for the ones prepared conventionally which has good potential for plasmid delivery. This study for the first time provides a direct comparison of the DNA-loaded nanoparticles prepared by microfluidic and conventional methods. The findings bring new insights into critical evaluation of the selection of manufacturing methods of nanoparticles for future gene therapy.
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Ullah A, Chen G, Hussain A, Khan H, Abbas A, Zhou Z, Shafiq M, Ahmad S, Ali U, Usman M, Raza F, Ahmed A, Qiu Z, Zheng M, Liu D. Cyclam-Modified Polyethyleneimine for Simultaneous TGFβ siRNA Delivery and CXCR4 Inhibition for the Treatment of CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4451-4470. [PMID: 34234436 PMCID: PMC8257077 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s314367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease with excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. PURPOSE This study aimed at the development of a novel derivative of polyethyleneimine (PEI) that can effectively deliver transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) siRNA and inhibit chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) for TGFβ silencing and CXCR4 Inhibition, respectively, to treat CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in a mouse model. METHODS Cyclam-modified PEI (PEI-Cyclam) was synthesized by incorporating cyclam moiety into PEI by nucleophilic substitution reaction. Gel electrophoresis confirmed the PEI-Cyclam polyplex formation and stability against RNAase and serum degradation. Transmission electron microscopy and zeta sizer were employed for the morphology, particle size, and zeta potential, respectively. The gene silencing and CXCR4 targeting abilities of PEI-Cyclam polyplex were evaluated by luciferase and CXCR4 redistribution assays, respectively. The histological and immunohistochemical staining determined the anti-fibrotic activity of PEI-Cyclam polyplex. The TGFβ silencing of PEI-Cyclam polyplex was authenticated by Western blotting. RESULTS The 1H NMR of PEI-Cyclam exhibited successful incorporation of cyclam content onto PEI. The PEI-Cyclam polyplex displayed spherical morphology, positive surface charge, and stability against RNAse and serum degradation. Cyclam modification decreased the cytotoxicity and demonstrated CXCR4 antagonistic and luciferase gene silencing efficiency. PEI-Cyclam/siTGFβ polyplexes decreased inflammation, collagen deposition, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, thus ameliorating liver fibrosis. Also, PEI-Cyclam/siTGFβ polyplex significantly downregulated α-smooth muscle actin, TGFβ, and collagen type III. CONCLUSION Our findings validate the feasibility of using PEI-Cyclam as a siRNA delivery vector for simultaneous TGFβ siRNA delivery and CXCR4 inhibition for the combined anti-fibrotic effects in a setting of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Aftab Ullah; Daojun Liu Email ;
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abid Hussain
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People’s Republic of China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanif Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Azar Abbas
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanwei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, people's Republic of China
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Shantou University Medical College Cancer Hospital, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Usman Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, people's Republic of China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maochao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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siRNA delivery to macrophages using aspherical, nanostructured microparticles as delivery system for pulmonary administration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:284-293. [PMID: 33285246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of oligonucleotides such as siRNA to the lung is a major challenge, as this group of drugs has difficulties to overcome biological barriers due to its polyanionic character and the associated hydrophilic properties, resulting in inefficient delivery. Especially in diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis, where increased proinflammation is present, a targeted RNA therapy is desirable due to the high potency of these oligonucleotides. To address these problems and to ensure efficient uptake of siRNA in macrophages, a microparticulate, cylindrical delivery system was developed. In the first step, this particle system was tested for its aerodynamic characteristics to evaluate the aerodynamic properties to optimize lung deposition. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.52 ± 0.23 µm, indicates that the desired target should be reached. The inhibition of TNF-α release, as one of the main mediators of proinflammatory reactions, was investigated. We could show that our carrier system can be loaded with siRNA against TNF-α. Gel electrophoreses allowed to demonstrate that the load can be incorporated and released without being degraded. The delivery system was found to transport a mass fraction of 0.371% [%w/w] as determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. When investigating the release kinetics, the results showed that several days are necessary to release a major amount of the siRNA indicating a sustained release. The cylindrical microparticles with an aspect ratio of 3.3 (ratio of length divided by width) were then tested in vitro successfully reducing TNF-α release from human macrophages significantly by more than 30%. The developed formulation presents a possible oligonucleotide delivery system allowing due to its internal structure to load and protect siRNA.
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Ullah A, Qazi J, Rahman L, Kanaras AG, Khan WS, Hussain I, Rehman A. Nanoparticles-assisted delivery of antiviral-siRNA as inhalable treatment for human respiratory viruses: A candidate approach against SARS-COV-2. NANO SELECT 2020; 1:612-621. [PMID: 34485978 PMCID: PMC7675679 DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged healthcare structures across the globe. Although a few therapies are approved by FDA, the search for better treatment options is continuously on rise. Clinical management includes infection prevention and supportive care such as supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilatory support. Given the urgent nature of the pandemic and the number of companies and researchers developing COVID-19 related therapies, FDA has created an emergency program to move potential treatments with already approved drugs to patients as quickly as possible in parallel to the development of new drugs that must first pass the clinical trials. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the available literature on the use of sequence-specific degradation of viral genome using short-interfering RNA (siRNA) suggesting it as a possible treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Delivery of siRNA can be promoted by the use of FDA approved lipids, polymers or lipid-polymer hybrids. These nanoparticulate systems can be engineered to exhibit increased targetability and formulated as inhalable aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Ullah
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Javaria Qazi
- Department of BiotechnologyQuaid‐i‐Azam UniversityIslamabadPakistan
| | - Lutfur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Antonios G. Kanaras
- Physics and AstronomyInstitute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK
| | - Waheed S. Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)LahorePakistan
| | - Asma Rehman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic EngineeringFaisalabadPakistan
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Sajid MI, Moazzam M, Kato S, Yeseom Cho K, Tiwari RK. Overcoming Barriers for siRNA Therapeutics: From Bench to Bedside. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E294. [PMID: 33036435 PMCID: PMC7600125 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway possesses immense potential in silencing any gene in human cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) can efficiently trigger RNAi silencing of specific genes. FDA Approval of siRNA therapeutics in recent years garnered a new hope in siRNA therapeutics. However, their therapeutic use is limited by several challenges. siRNAs, being negatively charged, are membrane-impermeable and highly unstable in the systemic circulation. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the extracellular barriers, including enzymatic degradation of siRNAs by serum endonucleases and RNAases, rapid renal clearance, membrane impermeability, and activation of the immune system. Besides, we have thoroughly described the intracellular barriers such as endosomal trap and off-target effects of siRNAs. Moreover, we have reported most of the strategies and techniques in overcoming these barriers, followed by critical comments in translating these molecules from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Sajid
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Moazzam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Shun Kato
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Kayley Yeseom Cho
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (M.I.S.); (S.K.); (K.Y.C.)
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12
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Yang L, Liu Y, Wang N, Wang H, Wang K, Luo XL, Dai RX, Tao RJ, Wang HJ, Yang JW, Tao GQ, Qu JM, Ge BX, Li YY, Xu JF. Albumin-Based LL37 Peptide Nanoparticles as a Sustained Release System against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 7:1817-1826. [PMID: 33966375 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) has emerged as a pressing challenge to pulmonary infection and lung damage. The LL37 peptide is an efficient antimicrobial agent against PA strains, but its application is limited because of fast clearance in vivo, biosafety concerns, and low bioavailability. Thus, an albumin-based nanodrug delivery system with reduction sensitivity was developed by forming intermolecular disulfide bonds to increase in vivo LL37 performance against PA. Cationic LL37 can be efficiently encapsulated via electrostatic interactions to exert improved antimicrobial effects. The LL37 peptide exhibits greater than 48 h of sustained released from LL37 peptide nanoparticles (LL37 PNP), and prolonged antimicrobial effects were noted as the incubation time increased. Levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by peritoneal macrophages, including TNF-α and IL-6, were reduced significantly after LL37 PNP treatment following PA stimulation, indicating that LL37 PNP inhibits PA growth and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. In a murine model of acute PA lung infection, LL37 PNP significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β expression and alleviated lung damage. The accelerated clearance of PA indicates that LL37 PNP could improve PA lung infection and the subsequent inflammation response more efficiently compared with free LL37 peptide. In conclusion, this excellent biocompatible LL37 delivery strategy may serve as an alternative approach for the application of new types of clinical treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruo-Xuan Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru-Jia Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huai-Ji Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qing Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie-Ming Qu
- Ruijin Hospital, Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Clinical Translation Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong-Yong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 4800 Caoan Road, Shanghai 201804, PR China.,Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Das P, Curstedt T, Agarwal B, Prahaladan VM, Ramirez J, Bhandari S, Syed MA, Salomone F, Casiraghi C, Pelizzi N, Bhandari V. Small Molecule Inhibitor Adjuvant Surfactant Therapy Attenuates Ventilator- and Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury in Preterm Rabbits. Front Physiol 2020; 11:266. [PMID: 32327998 PMCID: PMC7160647 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) has become one of the mainstays of therapy in NICUs worldwide, as a result of which premature babies with extremely low birth weight have been able to survive. Although lifesaving, IMV can result in lung inflammation and injury. Surfactant therapy is considered a standard of care in preterm infants with immature lungs. Recently, small molecule inhibitors like siRNAs and miRNAs have been used for therapeutic purposes. Ddit3 (CHOP), Ang2 and miR34a are known to be upregulated in experimental lung injury. We wanted to test whether inhibitors for these molecules (CHOP siRNA, Ang2 siRNA, and miR34a antagomir) if used alone or with a combination with surfactant (Curosurf®) would help in reducing ventilation and hyperoxia-induced injury in an experimental lung injury model. Methods Preterm rabbits born by cesarean section were intratracheally instilled with the three small molecule inhibitors with or without Curosurf® prior to IMV and hyperoxia exposure. Prior to testing the inhibitors in rabbits, these small molecule inhibitors were transfected in mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE12 and AECII) and delivered to neonatal mouse pups intranasally as a proof of concept that surfactant (Curosurf®) could be used as an effective vehicle for administration of such drugs. Survival, pulmonary function tests, histopathology, immunostaining, quantitative PCR and western blotting were done to see the adjuvant effect of surfactant with these three small molecule inhibitors. Results Our data shows that Curosurf® can facilitate transfection of small molecules in MLE12 cells with the same and/or increased efficiency as Lipofectamine. Surfactant given alone or as an adjuvant with small molecule inhibitors increases survival, decreases IMV and hyperoxia-induced inflammation, improves pulmonary function and lung injury scores in preterm rabbit kits. Conclusion Our study shows that Curosurf® can be used successfully as an adjuvant therapy with small molecule inhibitors for CHOP/Ang2/miR34a. In this study, of the three inhibitors used, miR34a inhibitor seemed to be the most promising compound to combat IMV and hyperoxia-induced lung injury in preterm rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragnya Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tore Curstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Varsha M Prahaladan
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shreya Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mansoor A Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | | | | | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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14
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Jagrosse ML, Dean DA, Rahman A, Nilsson BL. RNAi therapeutic strategies for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Transl Res 2019; 214:30-49. [PMID: 31401266 PMCID: PMC7316156 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), replacing the clinical term acute lung injury, involves serious pathophysiological lung changes that arise from a variety of pulmonary and nonpulmonary injuries and currently has no pharmacological therapeutics. RNA interference (RNAi) has the potential to generate therapeutic effects that would increase patient survival rates from this condition. It is the purpose of this review to discuss potential targets in treating ARDS with RNAi strategies, as well as to outline the challenges of oligonucleotide delivery to the lung and tactics to circumvent these delivery barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A Dean
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradley L Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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15
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Rahbarnia L, Farajnia S, Naghili B, Ahmadzadeh V, Veisi K, Baghban R, Toraby S. Current trends in targeted therapy for drug-resistant infections. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8301-8314. [PMID: 31414162 PMCID: PMC7080082 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Escalating antibiotic resistance is now a serious menace to global public health. It may be led to the emergence of "postantibiotic age" in which most of infections are untreatable. At present, there is an essential need to explore novel therapeutic strategies as a strong and sustainable pipeline to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. This review focuses on recent advances in this area including therapeutic antibodies, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, gene therapy, genome editing, and phage therapy for tackling drug-resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rahbarnia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Naghili
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ahmadzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamal Veisi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Biotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayyeh Baghban
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sayna Toraby
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz, University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Singh S, Maurya PK. Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MODERN ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121101 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6004-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is a potential alternative therapeutic approach to knock down the overexpression of genes in several disorders especially cancers with underlying genetic dysfunctions. For silencing of specific genes involved in cell cycle, small/short interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNAs) are being used clinically. The siRNA-based RNAi is more efficient, specific and safe antisense technology than other RNAi approaches. The route of siRNA administration for siRNA therapy depends on the targeted site. However, certain hurdles like poor stability of siRNA, saturation, off-target effect, immunogenicity, anatomical barriers and non-targeted delivery restrict the successful siRNA therapy. Thus, advancement of an effective, secure, and long-term delivery system is prerequisite to the medical utilization of siRNA. Polycationic nanocarriers mediated targeted delivery system is an ideal system to remove these hurdles and to increase the blood retention time and rate of intracellular permeability. In this chapter, we will mainly discuss the different biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic (organic, inorganic and hybrid) nanocarriers that encapsulate and shield the siRNA from the different harsh environment and provides the increased systemic siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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17
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Ding L, Zhu C, Yu F, Wu P, Chen G, Ullah A, Wang K, Sun M, Li J, Oupický D. Pulmonary delivery of polyplexes for combined PAI-1 gene silencing and CXCR4 inhibition to treat lung fibrosis. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1765-1776. [PMID: 29777878 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the development of polyplexes based on CXCR4-inhibiting poly(ethylenimine) derivative (PEI-C) for pulmonary delivery of siRNA to silence plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (siPAI-1) as a new combination treatment of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Safety and delivery efficacy of the PEI-C/siPAI-1 polyplexes was investigated in vitro in primary lung fibroblasts isolated from mice with bleomycin-induced PF. Biodistribution analysis following intratracheal administration of fluorescently labeled polyplexes showed prolonged retention in the lungs. Treatment of mice with bleomycin-induced PF using the PEI-C/siPAI-1 polyplexes resulted in a significant down-regulation of the PAI-1 expression and decreased collagen deposition in the lung. The results of this study provide first evidence of the potential benefits of combined inhibition of CXCR4 and PAI-1 in the pulmonary treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aftab Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minjie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupický
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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18
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Schulze J, Kuhn S, Hendrikx S, Schulz-Siegmund M, Polte T, Aigner A. Spray-Dried Nanoparticle-in-Microparticle Delivery Systems (NiMDS) for Gene Delivery, Comprising Polyethylenimine (PEI)-Based Nanoparticles in a Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Matrix. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1701810. [PMID: 29430833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201701810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapies rely on efficient formulations for nucleic acid protection and delivery. As nonviral strategies, polymeric and lipid-based nanoparticles have been introduced; however, biological efficacy and biocompatibility as well as poor storage properties due to colloidal instability and their unavailability as ready-to-use systems are still major issues. Polyethylenimine is the most widely explored and promising candidate for gene delivery. Polyethylenimine-based polyplexes and their combination with liposomes, lipopolyplexes, are efficient for DNA or siRNA delivery in vitro and in vivo. In this study, a highly potent spray-dried nanoparticle-in-microparticle delivery system is presented for the encapsulation of polyethylenimine-based polyplexes and lipopolyplexes into poly(vinyl alcohol) microparticles, without requiring additional stabilizing agents. This easy-to-handle gene delivery device allows prolonged nanoparticle storage and protection at ambient temperature. Biological analyses reveal further advantages regarding profoundly reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced transfection efficacies of polyethylenimine-based nanoparticles from the nanoparticle-in-microparticle delivery system over their freshly prepared counterparts, as determined in various cell lines. Importantly, this nanoparticle-in-microparticle delivery system is demonstrated as ready-to-use dry powder to be an efficient device for the inhalative delivery of polyethylenimine-based lipopolyplexes in vivo, as shown by transgene expression in mice after only one administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schulze
- Rudolf Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, Leipzig, D-04107, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kuhn
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
| | - Stephan Hendrikx
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04107, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, D-04107, Germany
| | - Tobias Polte
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig - UFZ, Leipzig, D-04318, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16 - 18, Leipzig, D-04107, Germany
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19
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Mishra DK, Balekar N, Mishra PK. Nanoengineered strategies for siRNA delivery: from target assessment to cancer therapeutic efficacy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:346-358. [PMID: 28050890 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The promise of RNA interference (RNAi) technology in cancer therapeutics aims to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) for silencing of gene expression in cell type-specific pathway. However, the challenge for the delivery of stable siRNA is hindered by an immune-hostile tumor microenvironment and physiological barriers of the circulatory system. Therefore, the development and validation of safe, stable, and efficient nanoengineered delivery systems are highly essential for effective delivery of siRNA into cancer cells. This review focuses on gene-silencing mechanisms, challenges to siRNA delivery, design and delivery of nanocarrier systems, ongoing clinical trials, and translational prospects for siRNA-mediated cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neelam Balekar
- IPS Academy, College of Pharmacy, A. B. Road, Indore, MP, 452 012, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Bhopal, India
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20
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Agnoletti M, Bohr A, Thanki K, Wan F, Zeng X, Boetker JP, Yang M, Foged C. Inhalable siRNA-loaded nano-embedded microparticles engineered using microfluidics and spray drying. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 120:9-21. [PMID: 28780275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Medicines based on small interfering RNA (siRNA) are promising for the treatment of a number of lung diseases. However, efficient delivery systems and design of stable dosage forms are required for inhalation therapy, as well as cost-effective methods for manufacturing of the final product. In this study, a 3D-printed micromixer was used for preparation of siRNA-dendrimer nanocomplexes, which were subsequently processed into microparticle-based dry powders for inhalation using spray drying. By applying the disposable micromixer, nanocomplexes were prepared of an average hydrodynamic diameter comparable to that of nanocomplexes prepared by manual mixing, but with narrower size distribution and low batch-to-batch variation. The nanocomplexes were processed into nanoembedded microparticles using different saccharide excipients. Data showed that siRNA integrity and bioactivity are retained after processing, and nanocomplexes could be reconstituted from the dry powders. The amorphous saccharide excipients trehalose and inulin provided better stabilization than crystalline mannitol, and they enabled full reconstitution of the nanocomplexes. In particular, a binary mixture of trehalose and inulin showed optimal stabilization, and enhanced cellular uptake and gene silencing efficiency. This study demonstrates that inexpensive and scalable micromixers can be used to optimize the production of siRNA-dendrimer nanocomplexes, and they can be applied in combination with spray drying for the engineering of dry powder formulations suitable for delivery of siRNA to the therapeutic target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Agnoletti
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Adam Bohr
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Institut Galien, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry CEDEX, France.
| | - Kaushik Thanki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johan Peter Boetker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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21
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Tahara K, Hashimoto W, Takeuchi H. Inhalation Properties and Stability of Nebulized Naked siRNA Solution for Pulmonary Therapy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:63-7. [PMID: 26726746 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of naked unmodified small interfering RNA (N-siRNA) without vector has previously been investigated as a pulmonary therapy. However, little is known regarding stabilities and aerodynamic particle sizes of N-siRNA-containing droplets; nebulizers have not yet been optimized for N-siRNA solutions. Thus, in this study, we investigated the feasibility of inhaled N-siRNA solutions for pulmonary therapy using nebulization. Various nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were assessed in terms of siRNA integrity after nebulization, and inhalation properties including aerodynamic particle size were examined. In comparison with ultrasonic-, air-jet-, and vibrating-mesh nebulizers, N-siRNA integrity was not affected by nebulization. Thus, in further experiments, performances of N-siRNA aerosols with different nebulizers and N-siRNA concentrations were evaluated and screened using an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) which employed the time-of-flight principle or a cascade impactor. Mean mass aerodynamic diameters of N-siRNA-containing droplets from vibrating-mesh nebulizers tended to decrease with increasing N-siRNA concentrations, reflecting the influence of N-siRNA solutions on surface tension, as indicated by contact angles. These data indicate the utility of APS instruments for investigating the nebulized characteristics of expensive drugs including siRNAs and may facilitate the development of N-siRNA inhalation formulations.
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22
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Iyer R, Hsia CCW, Nguyen KT. Nano-Therapeutics for the Lung: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:5233-44. [PMID: 26412358 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150923095742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of aerosolized compounds is a popular, non-invasive route for the targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules to the lung. Various types of nanoparticles have been used as carriers to facilitate drug uptake and intracellular action in order to treat lung diseases and/or to facilitate lung repair and growth. These include polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and dendrimers, among many others. In addition, nanoparticles are sometimes used in combination with small molecules, cytokines, growth factors, and/or pluripotent stem cells. Here we review the rationale and state-of-the-art nanotechnology for pulmonary drug delivery, with particular attention to new technological developments and approaches as well as the challenges associated with them, the emerging advances, and opportunities for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kytai T Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Blvd, ERB 241, Arlington, TX 76019.
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23
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Ruigrok MJR, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary administration of small interfering RNA: The route to go? J Control Release 2016; 235:14-23. [PMID: 27235976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), which is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, researchers have been studying the therapeutic potential of using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to treat diseases that are characterized by excessive gene expression. Excessive gene expression can be particularly harmful if it occurs in a vulnerable organ such as the lungs as they are essential for physiological respiration. Consequently, RNAi could offer an approach to treat such lung diseases. Parenteral administration of siRNA has been shown to be difficult due to degradation by nucleases in the systemic circulation and excretion by the kidneys. To avoid these issues and to achieve local delivery and local effects, pulmonary administration has been proposed as an alternative administration route. Regarding this application, various animal studies have been conducted over the past few years. Therefore, this review presents a critical analysis of publications where pulmonary administration of siRNA in animals has been reported. Such an analysis is necessary to determine the feasibility of this administration route and to define directions for future research. First, we provide background information on lungs, pulmonary administration, and delivery vectors. Thereafter, we present and discuss relevant animal studies. Though nearly all publications reported positive outcomes, several reoccurring challenges were identified. They relate to 1) the necessity, efficacy, and safety of delivery vectors, 2) the biodistribution of siRNA in tissues other than the lungs, 3) the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo models, and 4) the long-term effects upon (repeated) administration of siRNA. Finally, we present recommendations for future research to define the route to go: towards safer and more effective pulmonary administration of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Li J, Liu J, Li S, Hao Y, Chen L, Zhang X. Antibody h-R3-dendrimer mediated siRNA has excellent endosomal escape and tumor targeted delivery ability, and represents efficient siPLK1 silencing and inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 7:13782-96. [PMID: 26883109 PMCID: PMC4924678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The major obstacle to developing siRNA delivery is their extracellular and intracellular barriers. Herein, a humanized anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody h-R3 was developed to modify the self-assembled binary complexes (dendriplexes) of PAMAM and siRNA via electrostatic interactions, and two common ligands HSA and EGF were used as a control. Compared to dendriplexes, h-R3/EGF/HSA-dendriplexes showed increased particle size, decreased zeta potentials and lower cytotoxicity. Moreover, h-R3-dendriplexes presented greater cellular uptake and excellent endosomal escape ability in HepG2 cells. Ex vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that h-R3-dendriplexes showed higher targeted delivery and gene expression in the tumors than dendriplexes, HSA-dendriplexes and EGF-dendriplexes, which was in agreement with confocal results of cryosections. Furthermore, h-R3-dendriplexes for siPLK1 delivery indicated efficient gene silencing, potentiated cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis, and suppressed cellular migration/invasion. These results indicate that h-R3-dendriplexes represent a great potential to be used as efficient targeted siRNA delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yanli Hao
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Zhou J, Li D, Wen H, Zheng S, Su C, Yi F, Wang J, Liang Z, Tang T, Zhou D, Zhang LH, Liang D, Du Q. Inter-molecular β-sheet structure facilitates lung-targeting siRNA delivery. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22731. [PMID: 26955887 PMCID: PMC4783658 DOI: 10.1038/srep22731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-dependent passive targeting based on the characteristics of tissues is a basic mechanism of drug delivery. While the nanometer-sized particles are efficiently captured by the liver and spleen, the micron-sized particles are most likely entrapped within the lung owing to its unique capillary structure and physiological features. To exploit this property in lung-targeting siRNA delivery, we designed and studied a multi-domain peptide named K-β, which was able to form inter-molecular β-sheet structures. Results showed that K-β peptides and siRNAs formed stable complex particles of 60 nm when mixed together. A critical property of such particles was that, after being intravenously injected into mice, they further associated into loose and micron-sized aggregates, and thus effectively entrapped within the capillaries of the lung, leading to a passive accumulation and gene-silencing. The large size aggregates can dissociate or break down by the shear stress generated by blood flow, alleviating the pulmonary embolism. Besides the lung, siRNA enrichment and targeted gene silencing were also observed in the liver. This drug delivery strategy, together with the low toxicity, biodegradability, and programmability of peptide carriers, show great potentials in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihan Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuquan Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cuicui Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zicai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-He Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dehai Liang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Quan Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Saffari M, Moghimi HR, Dass CR. Barriers to Liposomal Gene Delivery: from Application Site to the Target. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:3-17. [PMID: 28228799 PMCID: PMC5242347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a therapeutic approach to deliver genetic material into cells to alter their function in entire organism. One promising form of gene delivery system (DDS) is liposomes. The success of liposome-mediated gene delivery is a multifactorial issue and well-designed liposomal systems might lead to optimized gene transfection particularly in vivo. Liposomal gene delivery systems face different barriers from their site of application to their target, which is inside the cells. These barriers include presystemic obstacles (epithelial barriers), systemic barriers in blood circulation and cellular barriers. Epithelial barriers differ depending on the route of administration. Systemic barriers include enzymatic degradation, binding and opsonisation. Both of these barriers can act as limiting hurdles that genetic material and their vector should overcome before reaching the cells. Finally liposomes should overcome cellular barriers that include cell entrance, endosomal escape and nuclear uptake. These barriers and their impact on liposomal gene delivery will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saffari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Current Address: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
| | - Crispin R Dass
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Wardwell PR, Forstner MB, Bader RA. Investigation of the cytokine response to NF-κB decoy oligonucleotide coated polysaccharide based nanoparticles in rheumatoid arthritis in vitro models. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:310. [PMID: 26531309 PMCID: PMC4632484 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is highly involved in regulation of a number of cellular processes, including production of inflammatory mediators. Thus, this transcription factor plays a role in pathology of many diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease hallmarked by an imbalance of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Small nucleic acids with sequences that mimic the native binding site of NF-κB have been proposed as treatment options for RA; however due to low cellular penetration and a high degree of instability, clinical applications of these therapeutics have been limited. Methods Here, we describe the use of N-trimethyl chitosan-polysialic acid (PSA-TMC) nanoparticles coated with decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) specific to transcription factor NF-κB (PSA-TMC-ODN) as a method to enhance the stability of the nucleic acids and facilitate increased cellular penetration. In addition to decoy ODN, PSA-TMC nanoparticles were loaded with RA therapeutic methotrexate (MTX), to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of a combination therapy approach. Two different in vitro models, a cell line based model as well as a primary RA cell model were used to investigate anti-inflammatory activity. One way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak stepdown comparisons was used to determine statistical significance. Results In general, free ODN did not significantly affect secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8, (IL-8) while free MTX had variable efficacy. However, PSA-TMC-ODN and PSA-TMC-ODN-MTX resulted in significant decreases in the inflammatory mediators IL-6 and IL-8 in both cell models. In addition, PSA-TMC exhibited sufficient cellular uptake, as observed through fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions These results support our previous findings that PSA-TMC nanoparticles are an effective delivery vehicle for small nucleic acids, and effectively alter the pro-inflammatory state characteristic of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Wardwell
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA. .,Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Martin B Forstner
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.,Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Rebecca A Bader
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA. .,Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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Cho WY, Hong SH, Singh B, Islam MA, Lee S, Lee AY, Gankhuyag N, Kim JE, Yu KN, Kim KH, Park YC, Cho CS, Cho MH. Suppression of tumor growth in lung cancer xenograft model mice by poly(sorbitol-co-PEI)-mediated delivery of osteopontin siRNA. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:450-62. [PMID: 26141346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene silencing represents a promising strategy for treating diseases such as cancer; however, specific gene silencing requires an effective delivery system to overcome the instability and low transfection efficiency of siRNAs. To address this issue, a polysorbitol-based transporter (PSOT) was prepared by low molecular weight branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) crosslinked with sorbitol diacrylate (SDA). Osteopontin (OPN) gene, which is highly associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was targeted by siRNA therapy using siRNA targeting OPN (siOPN). Characterization study confirmed that PSOT formed compact complexes with siOPN and protected siOPN against degradation by RNase. PSOT/siOPN complexes demonstrated low cytotoxicity and enhanced transfection efficiency in vitro, suggesting that this carrier may be suitable for gene silencing. In the A549 and H460 lung cancer cell lines, PSOT/siOPN complexes demonstrated significant silencing efficiency at both RNA and protein levels. To study in vivo tumor growth suppression, two lung cancer cell-xenograft mouse models were prepared and PSOT/siOPN complexes were delivered into the mice through intravenous injection. The siOPN-treated groups demonstrated significantly reduced OPN expression at both the RNA and protein levels as well as suppression of tumor volume and weight. Taken together, siOPN delivery using PSOT may present an effective and novel therapeutic system for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Young Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Hong
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Ariful Islam
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Laboratory for Nanoengineering & Drug Delivery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Somin Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Nomundelger Gankhuyag
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Nam Yu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ho Kim
- Croen Research, Suwon 443-733, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology & Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myung-Haing Cho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate Group of Tumor Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Republic of Korea; Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Fujita Y, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. Development of small RNA delivery systems for lung cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5254-70. [PMID: 25756380 PMCID: PMC4394474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for studying target identification and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing. Recent advances in RNAi delivery and target selection provide remarkable opportunities for translational medical research. The induction of RNAi relies on small silencing RNAs, which affect specific messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. Two types of small RNA molecules, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have a central function in RNAi technology. The success of RNAi-based therapeutic delivery may be dependent upon uncovering a delivery route, sophisticated delivery carriers, and nucleic acid modifications. Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, for which novel therapeutic strategies are critically needed. Recently, we have reported a novel platform (PnkRNA™ and nkRNA®) to promote naked RNAi approaches through inhalation without delivery vehicles in lung cancer xenograft models. We suggest that a new class of RNAi therapeutic agent and local drug delivery system could also offer a promising RNAi-based strategy for clinical applications in cancer therapy. In this article, we show recent strategies for an RNAi delivery system and suggest the possible clinical usefulness of RNAi-based therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
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Wardwell PR, Bader RA. Immunomodulation of cystic fibrosis epithelial cells via NF-κB decoy oligonucleotide-coated polysaccharide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1622-31. [PMID: 25087735 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway is associated with enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and is thought to play a critical role in diseases hallmarked by inflammation, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Small nucleic acids that interfere with gene expression have been proposed as promising therapeutics for a number of diseases. However, applications have been limited by low cellular penetration and a lack of stability. Nano-sized carrier systems have been suggested as a means of improving the effectiveness of nucleic acid-based treatments. In this study, we successfully coated polysialic acid-N-trimethyl chitosan (PSA-TMC) nanoparticles with NF-κΒ decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs). To demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, the decoy ODN-coated PSA-TMC nanoparticles were administered to an in vitro model of CF generated via interleukin-1β or P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides stimulation of IB3-1 bronchial epithelial cells. While free ODN and PSA-TMC nanoparticles coated with scrambled ODNs did not have substantial impacts on the inflammatory response, the decoy ODN-coated PSA-TMC nanoparticles were able to reduce the secretion of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, pro-inflammatory mediators of CF, by the epithelial cells, particularly at longer time points. In general, the results suggest that NF-κB decoy ODN-coated TMC-PSA nanoparticles may serve as an effective method of altering the pro-inflammatory environment associated with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R Wardwell
- Syracuse Biomaterials Institute, Syracuse University, 318 Bowne Hall, Syracuse, New York, 13244; Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, 121 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York, 13244
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Merkel OM, Rubinstein I, Kissel T. siRNA delivery to the lung: what's new? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 75:112-28. [PMID: 24907426 PMCID: PMC4160355 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has been thought of as the general answer to many unmet medical needs. After the first success stories, it soon became obvious that short interfering RNA (siRNA) is not suitable for systemic administration due to its poor pharmacokinetics. Therefore local administration routes have been adopted for more successful in vivo RNAi. This paper reviews nucleic acid modifications, nanocarrier chemistry, animal models used in successful pulmonary siRNA delivery, as well as clinical translation approaches. We summarize what has been published recently and conclude with the potential problems that may still hamper the efficient clinical application of RNAi in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Israel Rubinstein
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Thomas Kissel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Ketzerbach 63, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics appear to offer substantial opportunities for future therapy. However, post-administration RNAi effectors are typically unable to reach disease target cells in vivo without the assistance of a delivery system or vector. The main focus of this review is on lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems in current research and development that have at least been shown to act as effective delivery systems for functional delivery of RNAi effectors to disease target cells in vivo. The potential utility of these LNP delivery systems is growing rapidly, and LNPs are emerging as the preferred synthetic delivery systems in preclinical studies and current nonviral RNAi effector clinical trials. Moreover, studies on LNP-mediated delivery in vivo are leading to the emergence of useful biophysical parameters and physical organic chemistry rules that provide a framework for understanding in vivo delivery behaviors and outcomes. These same parameters and rules should also suggest ways and means to develop next generations of LNPs with genuine utility and long-term clinical viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Miller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, Waterloo Campus, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH , UK and GlobalAcorn Limited , London , UK
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PEGylated block copolymers containing tertiary amine side-chains cleavable via acid-labile ortho ester linkages for pH-triggered release of DNA. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
Small non-coding RNA (ncRNA) therapeutics make use of small ncRNA effectors for desired therapeutic purposes that are essentially short (10–20 kD) RNA segments. These small ncRNA effectors are potentially tremendously powerful therapeutic agents, but are typically unable to reach disease target cells in vivo without the assistance of a delivery system or vector. The main focus of this review is the use of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) for the functional delivery of small ncRNA effectors in vivo. LNPs appear to be amongst the most effective delivery systems currently available for this purpose. Moreover, studies on LNP-mediated delivery in vivo are leading to the emergence of useful biophysical parameters and physical organic chemistry rules that provide a framework for understanding LNP-mediated in vivo delivery behaviors and outcomes. These same parameters and rules should also suggest ways and means to develop next generations of LNPs with genuine utility and long-term clinical viability.
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Daniels A, Singh M, Ariatti M. PEGylated and non-PEGylated siRNA lipoplexes formulated with cholesteryl cytofectins promote efficient luciferase knockdown in HeLa tat luc cells. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:206-20. [PMID: 24001194 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.776078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a major challenge in their development for therapeutic applications, and cationic liposomes are being actively investigated for this purpose. Six liposome formulations containing the cytofectins 3β[N-(N ',N '-dimethylaminopropane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) or 3β[N-(N ',N ',-dimethylaminopropylsuccinamidohydrazido)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (MS09) and varying amounts of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine poly(ethylene glycol)2000, were prepared. Lipoplexes formed with siRNA were characterized by gel retardation analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. All lipoplexes exhibited low cytotoxicity in the HeLa tat luc cell line while Chol-T lipoplexes, containing anti-luciferase siRNA, achieved 93.4% knockdown of the luciferase transcript at 30 nM siRNA. Poly(ethylene glycol)2000 incorporation only marginally reduced knockdown efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliscia Daniels
- Non-viral Gene Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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36
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The distribution and cell uptake of ApoA1 modified lipid carriers of siRNA in mouse liver in vivo. Asian J Pharm Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Sharma K, Somavarapu S, Colombani A, Govind N, Taylor KMG. Nebulised siRNA encapsulated crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 455:241-7. [PMID: 23876499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the potential of crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for delivery of siRNA using a jet nebuliser. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA were prepared using an ionic crosslinking technique at chitosan to siRNA weight/weight ratios of 10:1, 30:1 and 50:1. Particles were characterised for their size, charge, morphology, pH stability and siRNA encapsulation efficiency. Gel electrophoresis was used to assess the association and stability of siRNA with nanoparticles, including after aerosolisation using a Pari LC Sprint jet nebuliser. The aerosolisation properties of FITC labelled chitosan nanoparticles were investigated using a two-stage impinger. Cell viability was performed with H-292 cells using a WST-1 assay. RESULTS Positively charged spherical nanoparticles were produced with mean diameters less than 150 nm, at all chitosan to siRNA ratios. Nanoparticles were non-aggregated at the pH of the airways and showed high siRNA encapsulation efficiency (>96%). Complete binding of siRNA to chitosan nanoparticles was observed when the w/w ratio was 50:1. Nebulisation produced fine particle fractions of 54±11% and 57.3±1.9% for chitosan and chitosan:siRNA (10:1 w/w) nanoparticles respectively. The stability of chitosan-encapsulated siRNA was maintained after nebulisation. Cell viability was high (>85%) at the highest chitosan concentration (83 μg/ml). CONCLUSION The results suggest that crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles have potential for siRNA delivery to the lungs using a jet nebuliser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketan Sharma
- UCL, School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Ramachandran S, Krishnamurthy S, Jacobi AM, Wohlford-Lenane C, Behlke MA, Davidson BL, McCray PB. Efficient delivery of RNA interference oligonucleotides to polarized airway epithelia in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L23-32. [PMID: 23624792 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00426.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarized and pseudostratified primary airway epithelia present barriers that significantly reduce their transfection efficiency and the efficacy of RNA interference oligonucleotides. This creates an impediment in studies of the airway epithelium, diminishing the utility of loss-of-function as a research tool. Here we outline methods to introduce RNAi oligonucleotides into primary human and porcine airway epithelia grown at an air-liquid interface and difficult-to-transfect transformed epithelial cell lines grown on plastic. At the time of plating, we reverse transfect small-interfering RNA (siRNA), Dicer-substrate siRNA, or microRNA oligonucleotides into cells by use of lipid or peptide transfection reagents. Using this approach we achieve significant knockdown in vitro of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, IL-8, and CFTR expression at the mRNA and protein levels in 1-3 days. We also attain significant reduction of secreted IL-8 in polarized primary pig airway epithelia 3 days posttransfection and inhibition of CFTR-mediated Cl⁻ conductance in polarized air-liquid interface cultures of human airway epithelia 2 wk posttransfection. These results highlight an efficient means to deliver RNA interference reagents to airway epithelial cells and achieve significant knockdown of target gene expression and function. The ability to reliably conduct loss-of-function assays in polarized primary airway epithelia offers benefits to research in studies of epithelial cell homeostasis, candidate gene function, gene-based therapeutics, microRNA biology, and targeting the replication of respiratory viruses.
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Induction of apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer by downregulation of MDM2 using pH-responsive PMPC-b-PDPA/siRNA complex nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2738-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Fujita Y, Takeshita F, Kuwano K, Ochiya T. RNAi Therapeutic Platforms for Lung Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2013; 6:223-50. [PMID: 24275949 PMCID: PMC3816685 DOI: 10.3390/ph6020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming an important method for analyzing gene functions in many eukaryotes and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing. The induction of RNAi relies on small silencing RNAs, which affect specific messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. Two types of small RNA molecules, i.e. small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), are central to RNAi. Drug discovery studies and novel treatments of siRNAs are currently targeting a wide range of diseases, including various viral infections and cancers. Lung diseases in general are attractive targets for siRNA therapeutics because of their lethality and prevalence. In addition, the lung is anatomically accessible to therapeutic agents via the intrapulmonary route. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that miRNAs play an important role in lung abnormalities, such as inflammation and oncogenesis. Therefore, miRNAs are being targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we present strategies for RNAi delivery and discuss the current state-of-the-art RNAi-based therapeutics for various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fujita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (F.T.)
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; E-Mail: (K.K.)
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (F.T.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan; E-Mail: (K.K.)
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; E-Mails: (Y.F.); (F.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +81-3-3542-2511; Fax: +81-3-5565-0727
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Vicentini FTMDC, Borgheti-Cardoso LN, Depieri LV, de Macedo Mano D, Abelha TF, Petrilli R, Bentley MVLB. Delivery systems and local administration routes for therapeutic siRNA. Pharm Res 2013; 30:915-31. [PMID: 23344907 PMCID: PMC7088712 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-0971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of studies proposing new and optimal delivery strategies for the efficacious silencing of gene-related diseases by the local administration of siRNAs, the present review aims to provide a broad overview of the most important and latest developments of non-viral siRNA delivery systems for local administration. Moreover, the main disease targets for the local delivery of siRNA to specific tissues or organs, including the skin, the lung, the eye, the nervous system, the digestive system and the vagina, were explored.
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Keyser BM, Andres DK, Nealley E, Holmes WW, Benton B, Paradiso D, Appell A, Carpin C, Anderson DR, Smith WJ, Ray R. Postexposure application of Fas receptor small-interfering RNA to suppress sulfur mustard-induced apoptosis in human airway epithelial cells: implication for a therapeutic approach. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 344:308-16. [PMID: 23129783 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a vesicant chemical warfare and terrorism agent. Besides skin and eye injury, respiratory damage has been mainly responsible for morbidity and mortality after SM exposure. Previously, it was shown that suppressing the death receptor (DR) response by the dominant-negative Fas-associated death domain protein prior to SM exposure blocked apoptosis and microvesication in skin. Here, we studied whether antagonizing the Fas receptor (FasR) pathway by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) applied after SM exposure would prevent apoptosis and, thus, airway injury. Normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells were used as an in vitro model with FasR siRNA, FasR agonistic antibody CH11, and FasR antagonistic antibody ZB4 as investigative tools. In NHBE cells, both SM (300 µM) and CH11 (100 ng/ml) induced caspase-3 activation, which was inhibited by FasR siRNA and ZB4, indicating that SM-induced apoptosis was via the Fas response. FasR siRNA inhibited SM-induced caspase-3 activation when added to NHBE cultures up to 8 hours after SM. Results using annexin V/propidium iodide-stained cells showed that both apoptosis and necrosis were involved in cell death due to SM; FasR siRNA decreased both apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to SM (1 mg/kg, 50 minutes) revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in soluble Fas ligand and active caspase-3 in BALF cells. These findings suggest an intervention of Fas-mediated apoptosis as a postexposure therapeutic strategy with a therapeutic window for SM inhalation injury and possibly other respiratory diseases involving the Fas response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Keyser
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Branch, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, 3100 Ricketts Point Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010-5400, USA
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Manipulation of Cell Physiology Enables Gene Silencing in Well-differentiated Airway Epithelia. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2012; 1:e41. [PMID: 23344182 PMCID: PMC3437804 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2012.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The application of RNA interference-based gene silencing to the airway surface epithelium holds great promise to manipulate host and pathogen gene expression for therapeutic purposes. However, well-differentiated airway epithelia display significant barriers to double-stranded small-interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery despite testing varied classes of nonviral reagents. In well-differentiated primary pig airway epithelia (PAE) or human airway epithelia (HAE) grown at the air–liquid interface (ALI), the delivery of a Dicer-substrate small-interfering RNA (DsiRNA) duplex against hypoxanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) with several nonviral reagents showed minimal uptake and no knockdown of the target. In contrast, poorly differentiated cells (2–5-day post-seeding) exhibited significant oligonucleotide internalization and target knockdown. This finding suggested that during differentiation, the barrier properties of the epithelium are modified to an extent that impedes oligonucleotide uptake. We used two methods to overcome this inefficiency. First, we tested the impact of epidermal growth factor (EGF), a known enhancer of macropinocytosis. Treatment of the cells with EGF improved oligonucleotide uptake resulting in significant but modest levels of target knockdown. Secondly, we used the connectivity map (Cmap) database to correlate gene expression changes during small molecule treatments on various cells types with genes that change upon mucociliary differentiation. Several different drug classes were identified from this correlative assessment. Well-differentiated epithelia treated with DsiRNAs and LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, significantly improved gene silencing and concomitantly reduced target protein levels. These novel findings reveal that well-differentiated airway epithelia, normally resistant to siRNA delivery, can be pretreated with small molecules to improve uptake of synthetic oligonucleotide and RNA interference (RNAi) responses.
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Lam JKW, Liang W, Chan HK. Pulmonary delivery of therapeutic siRNA. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1-15. [PMID: 21356260 PMCID: PMC7103329 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has a huge potential for the treatment or prevention of various lung diseases. Once the RNA molecules have successfully entered the target cells, they could inhibit the expression of specific gene sequence through RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism and generate therapeutic effects. The biggest obstacle to translating siRNA therapy from the laboratories into the clinics is delivery. An ideal delivery agent should protect the siRNA from enzymatic degradation, facilitate cellular uptake and promote endosomal escape inside the cells, with negligible toxicity. Lung targeting could be achieved by systemic delivery or pulmonary delivery. The latter route of administration could potentially enhance siRNA retention in the lungs and reduce systemic toxic effects. However the presence of mucus, the mucociliary clearance actions and the high degree branching of the airways present major barriers to targeted pulmonary delivery. The delivery systems need to be designed carefully in order to maximize the siRNA deposition to the diseased area of the airways. In most of the pulmonary siRNA therapy studies in vivo, siRNA was delivered either intratracheally or intranasally. Very limited work was done on the formulation of siRNA for inhalation which is believed to be the direction for future development. This review focuses on the latest development of pulmonary delivery of siRNA for the treatment of various lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ka-Wing Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Yu H, Zou Y, Wang Y, Huang X, Huang G, Sumer BD, Boothman DA, Gao J. Overcoming endosomal barrier by amphotericin B-loaded dual pH-responsive PDMA-b-PDPA micelleplexes for siRNA delivery. ACS NANO 2011; 5:9246-55. [PMID: 22011045 PMCID: PMC4797624 DOI: 10.1021/nn203503h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal barrier is a major bottleneck for the effective intracellular delivery of siRNA by nonviral nanocarriers. Here, we report a novel amphotericin B (AmB)-loaded, dual pH-responsive micelleplex platform for siRNA delivery. Micelles were self-assembled from poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMA-b-PDPA) diblock copolymers. At pH 7.4, AmB was loaded into the hydrophobic PDPA core, and siRNA was complexed with a positively charged PDMA shell to form the micelleplexes. After cellular uptake, the PDMA-b-PDPA/siRNA micelleplexes dissociated in early endosomes to release AmB. Live cell imaging studies demonstrated that released AmB significantly increased the ability of siRNA to overcome the endosomal barrier. Transfection studies showed that AmB-loaded micelleplexes resulted in significant increase in luciferase (Luc) knockdown efficiency over the AmB-free control. The enhanced Luc knockdown efficiency was abolished by bafilomycin A1, a vacuolar ATPase inhibitor that inhibits the acidification of the endocytic organelles. These data support the central hypothesis that membrane poration by AmB and increased endosomal swelling and membrane tension by a "proton sponge" polymer provided a synergistic strategy to disrupt endosomes for improved intracellular delivery of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yonglong Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Yiguang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Baran D. Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - David A. Boothman
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Beyerle A, Braun A, Banerjee A, Ercal N, Eickelberg O, Kissel TH, Stoeger T. Inflammatory responses to pulmonary application of PEI-based siRNA nanocarriers in mice. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8694-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pan X, Thompson R, Meng X, Wu D, Xu L. Tumor-targeted RNA-interference: functional non-viral nanovectors. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:25-42. [PMID: 21572539 PMCID: PMC3092671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) have attracted extensive attention and showed significant promise for the study, diagnosis and treatment of human cancers, delivering siRNA or miRNA specifically and efficiently into tumor cells in vivo remains a great challenge. Delivery barriers, which arise mainly from the routes of administration associated with complex physiochemical microenvironments of the human body and the unique properties of RNAs, hinder the development of RNA-interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics in clinical practice. However, in available delivery systems, non-viral nanoparticle-based gene/RNA-delivery vectors, or nanovectors, are showing powerful delivery capacities and huge potential for improvements in functional nanomaterials, including novel fabrication approaches which would greatly enhance delivery performance. In this review, we summarize the currently recognized RNAi delivery barriers and the anti-barrier requirements related to vectors' properties. Recent efforts and achievements in the development of novel nanomaterials, nanovectors fabrication methods, and delivery approaches are discussed. We also review the outstanding needs in the areas of material synthesis and assembly, multifunction combinations, proper delivery and assisting approaches that require more intensive investigation for the comprehensive and effective delivery of RNAi by non-viral nanovectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, Ml 48109, USA
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, Ml 48109, USA
| | - Xiaojie Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, Ml 48109, USA
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Urology, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science & Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn Arbor, Ml 48109, USA
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Urology, University of KansasLawrence, KS 66045, USA
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STAT3 Knockdown in B16 Melanoma by siRNA Lipopolyplexes Induces Bystander Immune Response In Vitro and In Vivo. Transl Oncol 2011; 4:178-88. [PMID: 21633673 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent activation of STAT3 plays a major role in cancer progression and immune escape. Therefore, targeting STAT3 in tumors is essential to enhance/reactivate antitumor immune response. In our previous studies, we demonstrated the efficacy of stearic acid-modified polyethylenimine (PEI-StA) in promoting small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing of STAT3 in B16.F10 melanoma in vitro and in vivo. In the current study, we examine the immunologic impact of this intervention. Toward this goal, the infiltration and activation of lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor mass were assessed using flow cytometry. Moreover, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α in homogenized tumor supernatants were determined. Moreover, mixed lymphocytes reaction using splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice was used to assess DC functionality on siRNA/lipopolyplexes intervention. Our results demonstrated up to an approximately fivefold induction in the infiltration of CD3(+) cells in tumor mass on STAT3 knockdown with high levels of CD4(+), CD8(+), and NKT cells. Consistently, DC infiltration in tumor milieu increased up to approximately fourfold. Those DCs were activated, in an otherwise suppressive microenvironment, as evidenced by a high expression of costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40. ELISA analysis revealed a significant increase in IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α. Moreover, mixed lymphocytes reaction demonstrated alloreactivity of these DCs as assessed by high T-cell proliferation and IL-2 production. Our results suggest a bystander immune response after local STAT3 silencing by siRNA. This strategy could be beneficial as an adjuvant therapy along with current cancer vaccine formulations.
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Beyerle A, Braun A, Merkel O, Koch F, Kissel T, Stoeger T. Comparative in vivo study of poly(ethylene imine)/siRNA complexes for pulmonary delivery in mice. J Control Release 2011; 151:51-6. [PMID: 21223987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary siRNA delivery offers a new way to treat various lung diseases. Poly(ethylene imines) (PEIs) are promising cationic nanocarriers and various modifications are still under investigations to improve their cytotoxicity and efficacy for siRNA delivery. In this study, we analyzed two different types of PEI-based nanocomplexes in mice after intratracheal administration regarding their toxicity and efficacy in the lungs. Ubiquitously enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing transgenic and BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with 35μg siRNA complexed with the different types of PEI nanocarriers. Lung toxicity and inflammation were investigated after 24h, 3d and 7d treatment and knockdown of EGFP expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy five days post instillation. Three different polyplexes caused more than 60% knockdown of EGFP expression, but only the fatty acid modified low molecular weight PEI 8.3kDa (C16-C18-EO25)1.4 specifically reduced EGFP expression in CD45+ leucocytes (25±12%) and CD11b-/CD11c+ lung macrophages (36±14%). Hydrophobic and hydrophilic PEG modifications on PEI caused severe inflammatory response and elevated levels of IgM in broncho-alveolar fluid (BALF). Thus, the PEG modification reduced cytotoxicity, but elevated the immune response and proinflammatory effects. Further investigations of the proinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of the PEI-modified carriers are necessary to clarify the highly unspecific knockdown effects in the lung in more detail. Nevertheless, the more hydrophobic modification of PEI based non-viral vector system appeared to be a promising approach for improved siRNA therapeutics offering successful pulmonary siRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beyerle
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz, Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Germany
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Chen AK, Rhee WJ, Bao G, Tsourkas A. Delivery of molecular beacons for live-cell imaging and analysis of RNA. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 714:159-74. [PMID: 21431740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-005-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, a variety of oligonucleotide-based probes have been developed that allow for direct visualization of RNA molecules in living cells. Of these, molecular beacons have garnered a particularly high degree of interest due to their simple yet exquisite unimolecular stem-loop design that allows for the efficient conversion of target recognition into a specific fluorescent signal. As a result of their favorable fluorescent enhancement and their high specificity, molecular beacons have been used for a wide range of applications, including the monitoring of RNA expression and localization in living cells, cancer cell detection, and the study of viral infections. In this chapter we describe a general methodology that can be followed for the imaging and analysis of RNA in living cells using molecular beacons. Several commonly employed methods for delivering molecular beacons into the cytosol are discussed including toxin-based cell membrane permeabilization, microinjection, and microporation. Strategies for acquiring ratiometric measurements are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony K Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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