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Grau N, Scherer SD, Rothley M, Roßwag S, Thiele W, Stoecklein NH, Cremers N, Thaler S, Garvalov BK, Sleeman JP. Spatiotemporally controlled induction of gene expression in vivo allows tracking the fate of tumor cells that traffic through the lymphatics. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1190-1198. [PMID: 31675122 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process, during which circulating tumor cells traffic through diverse anatomical locations. Stable inducible marking of tumor cells in a manner that is tightly spatially and temporally controlled would allow tracking the contribution of cells passing through specific locations to metastatic dissemination. For example, tumor cells enter the lymphatic system and can form metastases in regional lymph nodes, but the relative contribution of tumor cells that traffic through the lymphatic system to the formation of distant metastases remains controversial. Here, we developed a novel genetic switch based on mild transient warming (TW) that allows cells to be marked in a defined spatiotemporal manner in vivo. Prior to warming, cells express only EGFP. Upon TW, the EGFP gene is excised and expression of mCherry is permanently turned on. We employed this system in an experimental pancreatic cancer model and used localized TW to induce the genetic switch in tumor cells trafficking through tumor-draining lymph nodes. Thereby we found that tumor cells disseminating via the lymphatics make a major contribution to the seeding of lung metastases. The inducible genetic marking system we have developed is a powerful tool for the tracking of metastasizing cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Grau
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra D Scherer
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Melanie Rothley
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Roßwag
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wilko Thiele
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Natascha Cremers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Thaler
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan P Sleeman
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Campus Nord, Karlsruhe, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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2
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Norris EG, Dalecki D, Hocking DC. Using Acoustic Fields to Fabricate ECM-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications. RECENT PROGRESS IN MATERIALS 2020; 2:1-24. [PMID: 33604591 PMCID: PMC7889011 DOI: 10.21926/rpm.2003018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is emerging as a promising tool for both characterizing and fabricating engineered biomaterials. Ultrasound-based technologies offer a diverse toolbox with outstanding capacity for optimization and customization within a variety of therapeutic contexts, including improved extracellular matrix-based materials for regenerative medicine applications. Non-invasive ultrasound fabrication tools include the use of thermal and mechanical effects of acoustic waves to modify the structure and function of extracellular matrix scaffolds both directly, and indirectly via biochemical and cellular mediators. Materials derived from components of native extracellular matrix are an essential component of engineered biomaterials designed to stimulate cell and tissue functions and repair or replace injured tissues. Thus, continued investigations into biological and acoustic mechanisms by which ultrasound can be used to manipulate extracellular matrix components within three-dimensional hydrogels hold much potential to enable the production of improved biomaterials for clinical and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Norris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Diane Dalecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Denise C Hocking
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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3
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu W, Li G, Ma X, Zhang Y, Chen S, Tiwari S, Shi K, Zhang S, Fan HM, Zhao YX, Liang XJ. Comprehensive understanding of magnetic hyperthermia for improving antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Theranostics 2020; 10:3793-3815. [PMID: 32206123 PMCID: PMC7069093 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) has been introduced clinically as an alternative approach for the focal treatment of tumors. MH utilizes the heat generated by the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) when subjected to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). It has become an important topic in the nanomedical field due to their multitudes of advantages towards effective antitumor therapy such as high biosafety, deep tissue penetration, and targeted selective tumor killing. However, in order for MH to progress and to realize its paramount potential as an alternative choice for cancer treatment, tremendous challenges have to be overcome. Thus, the efficiency of MH therapy needs enhancement. In its recent 60-year of history, the field of MH has focused primarily on heating using MNPs for therapeutic applications. Increasing the thermal conversion efficiency of MNPs is the fundamental strategy for improving therapeutic efficacy. Recently, emerging experimental evidence indicates that MNPs-MH produces nano-scale heat effects without macroscopic temperature rise. A deep understanding of the effect of this localized induction heat for the destruction of subcellular/cellular structures further supports the efficacy of MH in improving therapeutic therapy. In this review, the currently available strategies for improving the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of MNPs-MH will be discussed. Firstly, the recent advancements in engineering MNP size, composition, shape, and surface to significantly improve their energy dissipation rates will be explored. Secondly, the latest studies depicting the effect of local induction heat for selectively disrupting cells/intracellular structures will be examined. Thirdly, strategies to enhance the therapeutics by combining MH therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PDT), and gene therapy will be reviewed. Lastly, the prospect and significant challenges in MH-based antitumor therapy will be discussed. This review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of MH for improving antitumor therapeutic efficacy, which would be of utmost benefit towards guiding the users and for the future development of MNPs-MH towards successful application in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Galong Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Shizhu Chen
- Beijing General Pharmaceutical Corporation, Beijing 100101, China
- The National Institutes of Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., China Resources Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shivani Tiwari
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Kejian Shi
- Beijing Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Shouwen Zhang
- Neurophysiology Department, Beijing ChaoYang Emergency Medical Center, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Hai Ming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Yong Xiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biotargeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biotargeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumour Theranostics and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Triggering antitumoural drug release and gene expression by magnetic hyperthermia. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:326-343. [PMID: 30339825 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are promising tools for a wide array of biomedical applications. One of their most outstanding properties is the ability to generate heat when exposed to alternating magnetic fields, usually exploited in magnetic hyperthermia therapy of cancer. In this contribution, we provide a critical review of the use of MNPs and magnetic hyperthermia as drug release and gene expression triggers for cancer therapy. Several strategies for the release of chemotherapeutic drugs from thermo-responsive matrices are discussed, providing representative examples of their application at different levels (from proof of concept to in vivo applications). The potential of magnetic hyperthermia to promote in situ expression of therapeutic genes using vectors that contain heat-responsive promoters is also reviewed in the context of cancer gene therapy.
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Cardoso VF, Francesko A, Ribeiro C, Bañobre-López M, Martins P, Lanceros-Mendez S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29280314 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials in areas such as hyperthermia, drug release, tissue engineering, theranostic, and lab-on-a-chip, due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. Although some works can be found reviewing the main application of magnetic NPs in the area of biomedical engineering, recent and intense progress on magnetic nanoparticle research, from synthesis to surface functionalization strategies, demands for a work that includes, summarizes, and debates current directions and ongoing advancements in this research field. Thus, the present work addresses the structure, synthesis, properties, and the incorporation of magnetic NPs in nanocomposites, highlighting the most relevant effects of the synthesis on the magnetic and structural properties of the magnetic NPs and how these effects limit their utilization in the biomedical area. Furthermore, this review next focuses on the application of magnetic NPs on the biomedical field. Finally, a discussion of the main challenges and an outlook of the future developments in the use of magnetic NPs for advanced biomedical applications are critically provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fernandes Cardoso
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- MEMS-Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit; Universidade do Minho; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | | | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Martins
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia; 48160 Derio Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; 48013 Bilbao Spain
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6
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Potential Applications of the Escherichia coli Heat Shock Response in Synthetic Biology. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:186-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia. Major chemical methods described in this chapter are lipofection, polyfection, gold complexation, and carbon-based methods. Combination approaches to improve transfection efficiency or reduce immunological response have shown great promise in expanding the scope of non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wong
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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8
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Effects of Recovery Time during Magnetic Nanofluid Hyperthermia on the Induction Behavior and Efficiency of Heat Shock Proteins 72. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13942. [PMID: 29066807 PMCID: PMC5655350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of recovery time during magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH) on the cell death rate and the heat shock proteins 72 (HSP72) induction behavior in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs-5) to provide a possible solution for highly efficient ocular neuroprotection. The recovery time and the heat duration time during MNFH were systematically controlled by changing the duty cycle of alternating current (AC) magnetic field during MNFH. It was clearly observed that the cell death rate and the HSP72 induction rate had a strong dependence on the recovery time and the optimizated recovery time resulted in maximizing the induction efficiency of HSP72. Controlling the recovery time during MNFH affects not only the cell death rate but also HSP72 induction rate. The cell death rate after MNFH was dramatically decreased by increasing the recovery time during MNFH. However, it was also found that the HSP72 induction rate was slightly decreased by increasing the recovery time. These results indicate that applying the appropriate or optimized recovery time during MNFH can improve the induction efficiency of HSP72 by minimizing the cell death caused by cytotoxic effects of heat.
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9
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HSP70 Inhibition Synergistically Enhances the Effects of Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia in Ovarian Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:966-976. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Wang X, Zhou P, Sun X, Wei G, Zhang L, Wang H, Yao J, Jia P, Zheng J. Modification of the hTERT promoter by heat shock elements enhances the efficiency and specificity of cancer targeted gene therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:244-53. [PMID: 26981638 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1128569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the current challenges facing cancer gene therapy is the tumour-specific targeting of therapeutic genes. Effective targeting in gene therapy requires accurate spatial and temporal control of gene expression. To develop a sufficient and accurate tumour-targeting method for cancer gene therapy, we have investigated the use of hyperthermia to control the expression of a transgene under the control of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter and eight heat shock elements (8HSEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Luciferase reporters were constructed by inserting eight HSEs and the hTERT promoter (8HSEs-hTERTp) upstream of the pGL4.20 vector luciferase gene. The luciferase activity of the hTERT promoter and 8HSEs-hTERT promoter were then compared in the presence and absence of heat. The differences in luciferase activity were analysed using dual luciferase assays in SW480 (high hTERT expression), MKN28 and MRC-5 cells (low hTERT expression). The luciferase activity of the Hsp70B promoter was also compared to the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in the above listed cell lines. Lentiviral vector and heat-induced expression of EGFP expression under the control of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in cultured cells and mouse tumour xenografts was measured by reverse transcription polymerase (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS hTERT promoter activity was higher in SW480 cells than in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells. At 43 °C, the luciferase activity of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter was significantly increased in SW480 cells, but not in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells. Importantly, the differences in luciferase activity were much more obvious in both high (SW480) and low (MKN28 and MRC-5) hTERT expressing cells when the activity of the 8HSEs-hTERT promoter was compared to the Hsp70B promoter. Moreover, under the control of 8HSEs-hTERT promoter in vitro and in vivo, EGFP expression was obviously increased by heat treatment in SW480 cells but not in MKN28 or MRC-5 cells, nor was expression increased under normal temperature conditions. CONCLUSIONS The hTERT promoter is a potentially powerful tumour-specific promoter and gene therapy tool for cancer treatment. Incorporating heat-inducible therapeutic elements (8HSEs) into the hTERT promoter may enhance the efficiency and specificity of cancer targeting gene therapy under hyperthermic clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - PeiHua Zhou
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - XueJun Sun
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - GuangBing Wei
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - Li Zhang
- b Department of General Surgery , Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
| | - Hui Wang
- c Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , and
| | - JianFeng Yao
- c Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital , Xi'an , Shaanxi , and
| | - PengBo Jia
- d First People's Hospital of XianYang City , XianYang , Shaanxi , China
| | - JianBao Zheng
- a Department of General Surgery , First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi
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Hauser AK, Wydra RJ, Stocke NA, Anderson KW, Hilt JZ. Magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites for remote controlled therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:76-94. [PMID: 26407670 PMCID: PMC4669063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and their composites for remote controlled therapies. Novel macro- to nano-scale systems that utilize remote controlled drug release due to actuation of MNPs by static or alternating magnetic fields and magnetic field guidance of MNPs for drug delivery applications are summarized. Recent advances in controlled energy release for thermal therapy and nanoscale energy therapy are addressed as well. Additionally, studies that utilize MNP-based thermal therapy in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation to enhance the efficacy of the conventional treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Hauser
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Robert J Wydra
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Nathanael A Stocke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly W Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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12
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Lin S, Zhang L, Lei K, Zhang A, Liu P, Liu J. Development of a multifunctional luciferase reporters system for assessing endoplasmic reticulum-targeting photosensitive compounds. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:927-37. [PMID: 24984699 PMCID: PMC4389854 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a recently developed antitumor modality utilizing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through light irradiation of photosensitizers (PSs) localized in tumor. Interference with proper functioning of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by ER-targeting PDT is a newly proposed strategy to achieve tumor cell death. The aim of this study is to establish a multifunctional model to screen and assess ER-targeting PSs based on luciferase reporters system. Upregulation of GRP78 is a biomarker for the onset of ER stress. CHOP is a key initiating player in ER stress-induced cell death. Here, the most sensitive fragments of GRP78 and CHOP promoters responding to ER-targeting PDT were mapped and cloned into pGL3-basic vector, forming -702/GRP78-Luc and -443/CHOP-Luc construct, respectively. We demonstrated that -702/GRP78-Luc expression can be used to indicate the ER-targeting of PSs, meanwhile estimate the ROS level induced by low-dose ER-targeting PDT. Moreover, the luciferase signaling of -443/CHOP-Luc showed highly consistence with apoptosis rate caused by ER-targeting PDT, suggesting that -443/CHOP-Luc can evaluate the antitumor properties of PSs. Hypericin, Foscan® and methylene blue were applied to verify the sensitivity and reliability of our model. These results proved that GRP78-CHOP model may be suitable to screen ER-targeting photosensitive compounds with lower cost and higher sensitivity than traditional ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Lin
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kecheng Lei
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Anle Zhang
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- />Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of traditional Chinese Medicine, 725 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- />Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, Biomedical Nanotechnology Center, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
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Ito A, Okamoto N, Yamaguchi M, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Heat-inducible transgene expression with transcriptional amplification mediated by a transactivator. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 28:788-98. [PMID: 23153220 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.738847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Control of therapeutic gene expression in tumours is a major goal of gene therapy research, as it can restrict cytotoxic gene expression in cancer cells. In addition, the combination of hyperthermia with gene therapy through the application of heat-inducible vectors can result in considerable improvements in therapeutic efficiency. In this study, to combine heat-inducibility with high-level transgene expression, we developed a heat-inducible transgene expression system with transcriptional amplification mediated by a tetracycline-responsive transactivator. MATERIALS AND METHODS A hybrid promoter was generated by placing the heat shock protein (HSP) 70B' promoter under the tetracycline-repressor responsive element sequence, and a reporter/therapeutic gene expression plasmid was constructed by placing a reporter/therapeutic gene under the control of this hybrid promoter. RESULTS When the transactivator expression plasmid harbouring an expression cassette of the tetracycline-responsive transactivator gene was co-transfected with a reporter gene expression plasmid, the reporter gene expression was controlled by heat treatment. With this system, high levels of heat-induced transgene expression were observed compared to that from the HSP promoter alone without the transactivator. Evaluation of in vitro therapeutic effects using cancer cell lines revealed that therapeutic gene expression effectively caused cell death in a greater percentage of the cells. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that this strategy improves the efficacy of cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ito
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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14
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Zheng Y, Le V, Cheng Z, Xie S, Li H, Tian J, Liu J. Development of rapid and highly sensitive HSPA1A promoter-driven luciferase reporter system for assessing oxidative stress associated with low-dose photodynamic therapy. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:203-13. [PMID: 23160804 PMCID: PMC3581624 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a regulatory-approved modality for treating a variety of malignant tumors. It induces tumor tissue damage via photosensitizer-mediated oxidative cytotoxicity. The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70-1) is a stress protein encoded by the HSPA1A gene and is significantly induced by oxidative stress associated with PDT. The aim of this study was to identify the functional region of the HSPA1A promoter that responds to PDT-induced oxidative stress and uses the stress responsiveness of HSPA1A expression to establish a rapid and cost-effective photocytotoxic assessment bioassay to evaluate the photodynamic potential of photosensitizers. By constructing luciferase vectors with a variety of hspa1a promoter fractions and examining their relative luciferase activity, we demonstrated that the DNA sequence from -218 to +87 of the HSPA1A gene could be used as a functional promoter to detect the PDT-induced oxidative stress. The maximal relative luciferase activity level of HSPA1A (HSP70-1) induced by hypericin-PDT was nearly nine times that of the control. Our results suggest that the novel reporter gene assay using a functional region of the HSP70A1A promoter has significant advantages for the detection of photoactivity in terms of both speed and sensitivity, when compared with a cell viability test based on ATP quantification and ROS levels. Furthermore, phthalocyanine zinc and methylene blue both induced significantly elevated levels of relative luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Zheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Vanminh Le
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoan Cheng
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xie
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hegeng Li
- />Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Oncology, 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- />Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Oncology, 725, South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- />State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237 People’s Republic of China
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15
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Abstract
Gene delivery to bone is useful both as an experimental tool and as a potential therapeutic strategy. Among its advantages over protein delivery are the potential for directed, sustained and regulated expression of authentically processed, nascent proteins. Although no clinical trials have been initiated, there is a substantial pre-clinical literature documenting the successful transfer of genes to bone, and their intraosseous expression. Recombinant vectors derived from adenovirus, retrovirus and lentivirus, as well as non-viral vectors, have been used for this purpose. Both ex vivo and in vivo strategies, including gene-activated matrices, have been explored. Ex vivo delivery has often employed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), partly because of their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts. MSCs also have the potential to home to bone after systemic administration, which could serve as a useful way to deliver transgenes in a disseminated fashion for the treatment of diseases affecting the whole skeleton, such as osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta. Local delivery of osteogenic transgenes, particularly those encoding bone morphogenetic proteins, has shown great promise in a number of applications where it is necessary to regenerate bone. These include healing large segmental defects in long bones and the cranium, as well as spinal fusion and treating avascular necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Evans
- Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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16
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Nadin SB, Cuello-Carrión FD, Sottile ML, Ciocca DR, Vargas-Roig LM. Effects of hyperthermia on Hsp27 (HSPB1), Hsp72 (HSPA1A) and DNA repair proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 in human colorectal cancer hMLH1-deficient and hMLH1-proficient cell lines. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:191-201. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2011.638962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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17
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Ortner V, Kaspar C, Halter C, Töllner L, Mykhaylyk O, Walzer J, Günzburg WH, Dangerfield JA, Hohenadl C, Czerny T. Magnetic field-controlled gene expression in encapsulated cells. J Control Release 2011; 158:424-32. [PMID: 22197778 PMCID: PMC3329627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell and gene therapies have an enormous range of potential applications, but as for most other therapies, dosing is a critical issue, which makes regulated gene expression a prerequisite for advanced strategies. Several inducible expression systems have been established, which mainly rely on small molecules as inducers, such as hormones or antibiotics. The application of these inducers is difficult to control and the effects on gene regulation are slow. Here we describe a novel system for induction of gene expression in encapsulated cells. This involves the modification of cells to express potential therapeutic genes under the control of a heat inducible promoter and the co-encapsulation of these cells with magnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles produce heat when subjected to an alternating magnetic field; the elevated temperatures in the capsules then induce gene expression. In the present study we define the parameters of such systems and provide proof-of-principle using reporter gene constructs. The fine-tuned heating of nanoparticles in the magnetic field allows regulation of gene expression from the outside over a broad range and within short time. Such a system has great potential for advancement of cell and gene therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Ortner
- University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Department for Applied Life Sciences, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Tamaru T, Hattori M, Honda K, Benjamin I, Ozawa T, Takamatsu K. Synchronization of circadian Per2 rhythms and HSF1-BMAL1:CLOCK interaction in mouse fibroblasts after short-term heat shock pulse. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24521. [PMID: 21915348 PMCID: PMC3168500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are the general physiological processes of adaptation to daily environmental changes, such as the temperature cycle. A change in temperature is a resetting cue for mammalian circadian oscillators, which are possibly regulated by the heat shock (HS) pathway. The HS response (HSR) is a universal process that provides protection against stressful conditions, which promote protein-denaturation. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is essential for HSR. In the study presented here, we investigated whether a short-term HS pulse can reset circadian rhythms. Circadian Per2 rhythm and HSF1-mediated gene expression were monitored by a real-time bioluminescence assay for mPer2 promoter-driven luciferase and HS element (HSE; HSF1-binding site)-driven luciferase activity, respectively. By an optimal duration HS pulse (43°C for approximately 30 minutes), circadian Per2 rhythm was observed in the whole mouse fibroblast culture, probably indicating the synchronization of the phases of each cell. This rhythm was preceded by an acute elevation in mPer2 and HSF1-mediated gene expression. Mutations in the two predicted HSE sites adjacent (one of them proximally) to the E-box in the mPer2 promoter dramatically abolished circadian mPer2 rhythm. Circadian Per2 gene/protein expression was not observed in HSF1-deficient cells. These findings demonstrate that HSF1 is essential to the synchronization of circadian rhythms by the HS pulse. Importantly, the interaction between HSF1 and BMAL1:CLOCK heterodimer, a central circadian transcription factor, was observed after the HS pulse. These findings reveal that even a short-term HS pulse can reset circadian rhythms and cause the HSF1-BMAL1:CLOCK interaction, suggesting the pivotal role of crosstalk between the mammalian circadian and HSR systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruya Tamaru
- Department of Physiology and Advanced Research Center for Medical Science, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Kobelt D, Aumann J, Fichtner I, Stein U, Schlag PM, Walther W. Activation of the CMV-IE promoter by hyperthermia in vitro and in vivo: biphasic heat induction of cytosine deaminase suicide gene expression. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46:197-205. [PMID: 20512535 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytomegalovirus-immediate early (CMV-IE) promoter is widely used as a strong and constitutively active promoter. Although the CMV-IE promoter does not harbor heat-responsive sequences, we determined its heat inducibility. We analyzed in vitro and in vivo heat responsiveness and possible mechanisms of heat induction of the CMV-IE promoter. We used transfected SW480 human colon carcinoma cells (SW480/CMVCD), expressing CMV-IE promoter-driven bacterial cytosine deaminase (CD) gene. These cells were heated at 42 degrees C. The SW480/CMVCD cells were also used for in vivo studies, in which tumor-bearing animals were treated with hyperthermia at 41.5 degrees C. As controls, SW480 (SW480/HSPCD) cells were used, in which CD expression is driven by the HSP70-promoter. In vitro, we observed a biphasic, up to 25-fold heat induction of CMV-IE-driven CD expression after hyperthermia in SW480/CMVCD cells. In vivo, we found a 2.5-fold induction of CD expression after hyperthermia in SW480/CMVCD tumor-bearing animals. The analysis of the CMV-IE promoter sequence revealed several transcription factor-binding sites, which mediate stress responsiveness. YB-1 and C/EBP-beta might mediate heat responsiveness of the CMV-IE promoter. These data point to limitations in heat-induction gene therapy studies, in which the CMV-IE promoter is used as control system. In addition, the CMV-IE promoter itself could well be used for construction of heat-inducible vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Mladina R, Skitarelić NB, Skitarelić NP. Could we prevent unilateral cleft lip/palate in the future? Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:601-3. [PMID: 19559541 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Surveillance studies have shown that cleft lip and palate is one of the commonest craniofacial anomalies, occurring in approximately 1 in 500 live births. Previous studies on craniofacial form in unilateral cleft lip/palate subjects have been carried out, but most attention has been focused on the deformity of the bony septum whereas the deformities of the nasal spine and cartilaginous component of the septum had received little attention. Our recent study was based on monitoring a very specific type of nasal septal deformity, type 6, and its relation to the unilateral cleft lip/palate disease. This type is very anteriorly located and refers to the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum and the inter-maxillary bone itself. Rhinoscopic view shows a typical, almost horizontal, unilateral groove at the nasal septum located very anteriorly. At the opposite septal side, but corresponding location, there is so called basal crest. The results of our study showed that the incidence of type 6 septal deformity was very high not only in unilateral cleft lip/palate children (80.6%) but also in their parents (58% in at least one of them). In contrast, in our previous study this type of septal deformity was seen in only 3.7% of non-unilateral cleft lip/palate children before puberty, rising to 7.4% in students and 9.4% in adults. In other words, perhaps we can expect the onset of unilateral cleft lip/palate in the offspring of parents who both have a type 6 septal deformity. Perhaps there is a gene responsible for the onset of both type 6 septal deformity and the cleft. If these clinical entities belong to the same gene, the cleft per se could perhaps disappear from the Earth in a near future owing to the gene therapy which will be able to eliminate it before the baby is born or even conceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranko Mladina
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Rebro, Zagreb, Croatia
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