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Song Y, Song Q, Hu D, Sun B, Gao M, Liang X, Qu B, Suo L, Yin Z, Wang L. The potential applications of artificially modified exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1299384. [PMID: 38250549 PMCID: PMC10798044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1299384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tumor-homing ability and play critical roles in tumor treatment, but their dual influences on tumor progression limit their therapeutic applications. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exosomes) exhibit great potential in targeted tumor treatment due to their advantages of high stability, low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, long circulation time and homing characteristics. Furthermore, the artificial modification of MSC-exosomes could amplify their advantages and their inhibitory effect on tumors and could overcome the limit of tumor-promoting effect. In this review, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving artificially modified MSC-exosomes in tumor treatment, including employing these exosomes as nanomaterials to carry noncoding RNAs or their inhibitors and anticancer drugs, and genetic engineering modification of MSC-exosomes. We also discuss the feasibility of utilizing artificially modified MSC-exosomes as an emerging cell-free method for tumor treatment and related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Song
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quanlin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daosheng Hu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Binwen Sun
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingwei Gao
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiangnan Liang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Boxin Qu
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lida Suo
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeli Yin
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Engineering Research Center for New Materials and Precision Treatment Technology of Malignant Tumors Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chen Y, Luo X, Schroeder JA, Chen J, Baumgartner CK, Hu J, Shi Q. Immune tolerance induced by platelet-targeted factor VIII gene therapy in hemophilia A mice is CD4 T cell mediated. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1994-2004. [PMID: 28799202 PMCID: PMC5630523 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Essentials The immune response is a significant concern in gene therapy. Platelet-targeted gene therapy can restore hemostasis and induce immune tolerance. CD4 T cell compartment is tolerized after platelet gene therapy. Preconditioning regimen affects immune tolerance induction in platelet gene therapy. SUMMARY Background Immune responses are a major concern in gene therapy. Our previous studies demonstrated that platelet-targeted factor VIII (FVIII) (2bF8) gene therapy together with in vivo drug selection of transduced cells can rescue the bleeding diathesis and induce immune tolerance in FVIIInull mice. Objective To investigate whether non-selectable 2bF8 lentiviral vector (LV) for the induction of platelet-FVIII expression is sufficient to induce immune tolerance and how immune tolerance is induced after 2bF8LV gene therapy. Methods Platelet-FVIII expression was introduced by 2bF8LV transduction and transplantation. FVIII assays and tail bleeding tests were used to confirm the success of platelet gene therapy. Animals were challenged with rhF8 to explore if immune tolerance was induced after gene therapy. Treg cell analysis, T-cell proliferation assay and memory B-cell-mediated ELISPOT assay were used to investigate the potential mechanisms of immune tolerance. Results We showed that platelet-FVIII expression was sustained and the bleeding diathesis was restored in FVIIInull mice after 2bF8LV gene therapy. None of the transduced recipients developed anti-FVIII inhibitory antibodies in the groups preconditioned with 660 cGy irradiation or busulfan plus ATG treatment even after rhF8 challenge. Treg cells significantly increased in 2bF8LV-transduced recipients and the immune tolerance developed was transferable. CD4+ T cells from treated animals failed to proliferate in response to rhF8 re-stimulation, but memory B cells could differentiate into antibody secreting cells in 2bF8LV-transduced recipients. Conclusion 2bF8LV gene transfer without in vivo selection of manipulated cells can introduce immune tolerance in hemophilia A mice and this immune tolerance is CD4+ T cell mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - X Luo
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - J A Schroeder
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Chen
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - C K Baumgartner
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Hu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Q Shi
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- MACC Fund Research Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Gschweng E, De Oliveira S, Kohn DB. Hematopoietic stem cells for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol Rev 2014; 257:237-49. [PMID: 24329801 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) provide an attractive target for immunotherapy of cancer and leukemia by the introduction of genes encoding T-cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) directed against tumor-associated antigens. HSCs engraft for long-term blood cell production and could provide a continuous source of targeted anti-cancer effector cells to sustain remissions. T cells produced de novo from HSCs may continuously replenish anti-tumor T cells that have become anergic or exhausted from ex vivo expansion or exposure to the intratumoral microenvironment. In addition, transgenic T cells produced in vivo undergo allelic exclusion, preventing co-expression of an endogenous TCR that could mis-pair with the introduced TCR chains and blunt activity or even cause off-target reactivity. CAR-engineered HSCs may produce myeloid and natural killer cells in addition to T cells expressing the CAR, providing broader anti-tumor activity that arises quickly after transplant and does not solely require de novo thymopoiesis. Use of TCR- or CAR-engineered HSCs would likely require cytoreductive conditioning to achieve long-term engraftment, and this approach may be used in clinical settings where autologous HSC transplant is being performed to add a graft-versus-tumor effect. Results of experimental and preclinical studies performed to date are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gschweng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Dodd M, Marquez-Curtis L, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Hortelano G. Sustained expression of coagulation factor IX by modified cord blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Gene Med 2014; 16:131-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Dodd
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Jimma Institute of Technology; Jimma Ethiopia
| | - Leah Marquez-Curtis
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Anna Janowska-Wieczorek
- Centre for Innovation (formerly Research and Development); Canadian Blood Services; Edmonton AB Canada
- Department of Medicine; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Gonzalo Hortelano
- School of Biomedical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Department of Biology & Chemistry, School of Science and Technology; Nazarbayev University; Astana Republic of Kazakhstan
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De Oliveira SN, Ryan C, Giannoni F, Hardee CL, Tremcinska I, Katebian B, Wherley J, Sahaghian A, Tu A, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Cooper LJN, Hollis RP, Kohn DB. Modification of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells with CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 24:824-39. [PMID: 23978226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) against CD19 have been shown to direct T-cells to specifically target B-lineage malignant cells in animal models and clinical trials, with efficient tumor cell lysis. However, in some cases, there has been insufficient persistence of effector cells, limiting clinical efficacy. We propose gene transfer to hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) as a novel approach to deliver the CD19-specific CAR, with potential for ensuring persistent production of effector cells of multiple lineages targeting B-lineage malignant cells. Assessments were performed using in vitro myeloid or natural killer (NK) cell differentiation of human HSPCs transduced with lentiviral vectors carrying first and second generations of CD19-specific CAR. Gene transfer did not impair hematopoietic differentiation and cell proliferation when transduced at 1-2 copies/cell. CAR-bearing myeloid and NK cells specifically lysed CD19-positive cells, with second-generation CAR including CD28 domains being more efficient in NK cells. Our results provide evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of the modification of HSPC with CAR as a strategy for generating multiple lineages of effector cells for immunotherapy against B-lineage malignancies to augment graft-versus-leukemia activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satiro Nakamura De Oliveira
- 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Pethig R. Dielectrophoresis: an assessment of its potential to aid the research and practice of drug discovery and delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1589-99. [PMID: 24056182 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an electrokinetic technique with proven ability to discriminate and selectively manipulate cells based on their phenotype and physiological state, without the need for biological tags and markers. The DEP response of a cell is predominantly determined by the physico-chemical properties of the plasma membrane, subtle changes of which can be detected from two so-called 'cross-over' frequencies, f(xo1) and f(xo2). Membrane capacitance and structural changes can be monitored by measurement of f(xo1) at sub-megahertz frequencies, and current indications suggest that f(xo2), located above 100 MHz, is sensitive to changes of trans-membrane ion fluxes. DEP lends itself to integration in microfluidic devices and can also operate at the nanoscale to manipulate nanoparticles. Apart from measurements of f(xo1) and f(xo2), other examples where DEP could contribute to drug discovery and delivery include its ability to: enrich stem cells according to their differentiation potential, and to engineer artificial cell structures and nano-structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pethig
- Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JF, UK
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Mao J, Xi X, Kapranov P, Dong B, Firrman J, Xu R, Xiao W. In vitro and In vivo Model Systems for Hemophilia A Gene Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; Suppl 1. [PMID: 25401041 PMCID: PMC4229687 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.s1-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hemophilia A is a hereditary disorder caused by various mutations in factor VIII gene resulting in either a severe deficit or total lack of the corresponding activity. Recent success in gene therapy of a related disease, hemophilia B, gives new hope that similar success can be achieved for hemophilia A as well. To develop a gene therapy strategy for the latter, a variety of model systems are needed to evaluate molecular engineering of the factor VIII gene, vector delivery efficacy and safety-related issues. Typically, a tissue culture cell line is the most convenient way to get a preliminary glimpse of the potential of a vector delivery strategy. It is then followed by extensive testing in hemophilia A mouse and dog models. Newly developed hemophilia A sheep may provide yet another tool for evaluation of factor VIII gene delivery vectors. Hemophilia models based on other species may also be developed since hemophiliac animals have been identified or generated in rat, pig, cattle and horse. Although a genetic nonhuman primate hemophilia A model has yet to be developed, the non-genetic hemophilia A model can also be used for special purposes when specific questions need to be addressed that cannot not be answered in other model systems. Hemophilia A is caused by a functional deficiency in the factor VIII gene. This X-linked, recessive bleeding disorder affects approximately 1 in 5000 males [1–3]. Clinically, it is characterized by frequent and spontaneous joint hemorrhages, easy bruising and prolonged bleeding time. The coagulation activity of FVIII dictates severity of the clinical symptoms. Approximately 50% of all cases are classified as severe with less than 1% of normal levels of factor VIII detected [4]. This deficiency may lead to spontaneous joint hemorrhages or life-threatening bleeding. In contrast, patients with 5–30% of normal factor VIII activity exhibit mild clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Mao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Biao Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jenni Firrman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruian Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Molecular Medicine Engineering Research Center, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Scott DW, Lozier JN. Gene therapy for haemophilia: prospects and challenges to prevent or reverse inhibitor formation. Br J Haematol 2011; 156:295-302. [PMID: 22055221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic hereditary diseases, such as haemophilia A and B, are ideal targets for gene therapeutic approaches. While these diseases can be treated with protein therapeutics, such as factor VIII (FVIII) or IX (FIX), the notion that permanent transfer of the genes encoding these factors can cure haemophilia is very attractive. An underlying problem with a gene therapy approach, however, is the patient's immune response to the therapeutic protein (as well as to the transmission vector), leading to the formation of inhibitory antibodies. Even more daunting is reversing an existing immune response in patients with pre-existing inhibitors. In this review, we will describe the laboratory and clinical progress, and the challenges met thus far, in achieving the goal of gene therapy efficacy, with a focus on the goal of tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scott
- Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Taupin P. Chimeric proteins comprising the constant region of immunoglobulins for treating hemophilia B (WO2005001025). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:967-70. [PMID: 21476878 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.577070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The application (WO2005001025) details recombinant fusion proteins attached to the constant region of heavy chains of immunoglobulins. They are found to be particularly useful for the treatment of hemostatic disorders, such as hemophilia B. It aims at engineering chimeric proteins comprising of a single molecule of human factor IX (FIX) and the constant region (Fc domain) of one or two heavy chain(s) of human IgG (rFIXFc). cDNA for rFIXFc was generated by a PCR. rFIXFc protein was isolated and purified from stably transfected mammalian cells. The concentration and clotting activity of rFIXFc were assessed in mice, rats, monkeys, and FIX-deficient mice and dogs, after intravenous administration. The half-life of rFIXFc activity is prolonged by three to fourfold, compared with rFIX, when administered intravenously in all animals. The generation of chimeric proteins, comprised of FIX fused to the Fc domain of IgG, extends the clotting activity of the recombinant molecule. rFIXFc represents a promising candidate for the treatment of patients with hemophilia B. The application claims the methods of making recombinant chimeric proteins comprising of one biologically active molecule fused to the Fc region of the heavy chain(s) of immunoglobulins and their use for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Taupin
- Dublin City University, School of Biotechnology, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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