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Del Rocío Lara-Sánchez M, Ganem-Rondero A, Nava-Arzaluz MG, Becerril-Osnaya AA, Pérez-Carranza LA, Alcalá-Alcalá S, Mendoza-Muñoz N, Piñón-Segundo E. Microbicidal Polymer Nanoparticles Containing Clotrimazole for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:197. [PMID: 39174702 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) alters the innate cervicovaginal immunity, which provides an important barrier against viruses and other infections. The incidence of this disease has not decreased in the last 30 years, so effective treatments are still needed. Nanoparticles (NPs) of cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and clotrimazole (CLZ) were prepared by the emulsification-diffusion method. NPs were characterized using dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry; their release profile was determined by the dialysis bag technique and mucoadhesion was evaluated with the mucin-particle method. The growth inhibition study of Candida albicans was carried out using the plate counting technique. Finally, accelerated physical stability tests of NPs were carried out, both in water and in SVF. The CAP-CLZ NPs had an average diameter of 273.4 nm, a PDI of 0.284, smooth surfaces and spherical shapes. In vitro release of CLZ from the CAP NPs was categorized with the Weibull model as a matrix system in which initial release was rapid and subsequently sustained. The inhibition of C. albicans growth by the CAP-CLZ NPs was greater than that of free CLZ, and the CAP-only NPs had a microbicidal effect on C. albicans. The NPs showed poor mucoadhesiveness, which could lead to studies of their mucopenetration capacities. An accelerated physical stability test revealed the erosion of CAP in aqueous media. A nanoparticulate system was developed and provided sustained release of CLZ, and it combined an antifungal agent with a microbial polymer that exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Rocío Lara-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Farmacéuticos de Liberación Modificada (L-13, UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Ganem-Rondero
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica (L-322, Campo 1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Nava-Arzaluz
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica (L-322, Campo 1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54740, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea Angela Becerril-Osnaya
- Laboratorio de Microbiología (Anexo L-513, Campo 1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54740, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Laura Abril Pérez-Carranza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología (Anexo L-513, Campo 1), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54740, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Mexico
| | - Sergio Alcalá-Alcalá
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, 62209, México
| | - Néstor Mendoza-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, México
| | - Elizabeth Piñón-Segundo
- Laboratorio de Sistemas Farmacéuticos de Liberación Modificada (L-13, UIM), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 54714, Estado de México, Mexico.
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2
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Subi MTM, Selvasudha N, Vasanthi HR. Vaginal drug delivery system: A promising route of drug administration for local and systemic diseases. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104012. [PMID: 38705512 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Scientists around the globe have done cutting-edge research to facilitate the delivery of poorly absorbed drugs via various routes of administration and different delivery systems. The vaginal route of administration has emerged as a promising mode of drug delivery, attributed to its anatomy and physiology. Novel drug delivery systems overcome the demerits of conventional systems via nanobiotechnology. This review will focus on the disorders associated with women that are currently targeted by vaginal drug delivery systems. In addition, it will provide insights into innovations in drug formulations for the general benefit of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamil Mani Subi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, India.
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3
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Saha I, Halder J, Rajwar TK, Mahanty R, Pradhan D, Dash P, Das C, Rai VK, Kar B, Ghosh G, Rath G. Novel Drug Delivery Approaches for the Localized Treatment of Cervical Cancer. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:85. [PMID: 38605158 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth leading cancer type in females globally. Being an ailment of the birth canal, primitive treatment strategies, including surgery, radiation, or laser therapy, bring along the risk of infertility, neonate mortality, premature parturition, etc. Systemic chemotherapy led to systemic toxicity. Therefore, delivering a smaller cargo of therapeutics to the local site is more beneficial in terms of efficacy as well as safety. Due to the regeneration of cervicovaginal mucus, conventional dosage forms come with the limitations of leaking, the requirement of repeated administration, and compromised vaginal retention. Therefore, these days novel strategies are being investigated with the ability to combat the limitations of conventional formulations. Novel carriers can be engineered to manipulate bioadhesive properties and sustained release patterns can be obtained thus leading to the maintenance of actives at therapeutic level locally for a longer period. Other than the purpose of CC treatment, these delivery systems also have been designed as postoperative care where a certain dose of antitumor agent will be maintained in the cervix postsurgical removal of the tumor. Herein, the most explored localized delivery systems for the treatment of CC, namely, nanofibers, nanoparticles, in situ gel, liposome, and hydrogel, have been discussed in detail. These carriers have exceptional properties that have been further modified with the aid of a wide range of polymers in order to serve the required purpose of therapeutic effect, safety, and stability. Further, the safety of these delivery systems toward vital organs has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Saha
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jitu Halder
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Rajwar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ritu Mahanty
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Deepak Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Dash
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chandan Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Biswakanth Kar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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4
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Su Z, Yao C, Tipper J, Yang L, Xu X, Chen X, Bao G, He B, Xu X, Zheng Y. Nanostrategy of Targeting at Embryonic Trophoblast Cells Using CuO Nanoparticles for Female Contraception. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25185-25204. [PMID: 38088330 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Effective contraceptives have been comprehensively adopted by women to prevent the negative consequences of unintended pregnancy for women, families, and societies. With great contributions of traditional hormonal drugs and intrauterine devices (IUDs) to effective female contraception by inhibiting ovulation and deactivating sperm, their long-standing side effects on hormonal homeostasis and reproductive organs for females remain concerns. Herein, we proposed a nanostrategy for female contraceptives, inducing embryonic trophoblast cell death using nanoparticles to prevent embryo implantation. Cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were adopted in this work to verify the feasibility of the nanostrategy and its contraceptive efficacy. We carried out the in vitro assessment on the interaction of CuO NPs with trophoblast cells using the HTR8/SVneo cell line. The results showed that the CuO NPs were able to be preferably uptaken into cells and induced cell damage via a variety of pathways including oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest to induce cell death of apoptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis. Moreover, the key regulatory processes and the key genes for cell damage and cell death caused by CuO NPs were revealed by RNA-Seq. We also conducted in vivo experiments using a rat model to examine the contraceptive efficacy of both the bare CuO NPs and the CuO/thermosensitive hydrogel nanocomposite. The results demonstrated that the CuO NPs were highly effective for contraception. There was no sign of disrupting the homeostasis of copper and hormone, or causing inflammation and organ damage in vivo. In all, this nanostrategy exhibited huge potential for contraceptive development with high biosafety, efficacy, clinical translation, nonhormonal style, and on-demand for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Cancan Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Joanne Tipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Lijun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiangbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xihua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guo Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bin He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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5
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Wei D, Sun Y, Zhu H, Fu Q. Stimuli-Responsive Polymer-Based Nanosystems for Cancer Theranostics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23223-23261. [PMID: 38041800 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers can respond to internal stimuli, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), and pH, biological stimuli, such as enzymes, and external stimuli, such as lasers and ultrasound, etc., by changing their hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, degradability, ionizability, etc., and thus have been widely used in biomedical applications. Due to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME), stimuli-responsive polymers that cater specifically to the TME have been extensively used to prepare smart nanovehicles for the targeted delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to tumor tissues. Compared to conventional drug delivery nanosystems, TME-responsive nanosystems have many advantages, such as high sensitivity, broad applicability among different tumors, functional versatility, and improved biosafety. In recent years, a great deal of research has been devoted to engineering efficient stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems, and significant improvement has been made to both cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize some recent research advances involving the use of stimuli-responsive polymer nanocarriers in drug delivery, tumor imaging, therapy, and theranostics. Various chemical stimuli will be described in the context of stimuli-responsive nanosystems. Accordingly, the functional chemical groups responsible for the responsiveness and the strategies to incorporate these groups into the polymer will be discussed in detail. With the research on this topic expending at a fast pace, some innovative concepts, such as sequential and cascade drug release, NIR-II imaging, and multifunctional formulations, have emerged as popular strategies for enhanced performance, which will also be included here with up-to-date illustrations. We hope that this review will offer valuable insights for the selection and optimization of stimuli-responsive polymers to help accelerate their future applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengshuai Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- Maoming People's Hospital, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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6
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Su Z, Diao T, McGuire H, Yao C, Yang L, Bao G, Xu X, He B, Zheng Y. Nanomaterials Solutions for Contraception: Concerns, Advances, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2023; 17:20753-20775. [PMID: 37856253 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Preventing unintentional pregnancy is one of the goals of a global public health policy to minimize effects on individuals, families, and society. Various contraceptive formulations with high effectiveness and acceptance, including intrauterine devices, hormonal patches for females, and condoms and vasectomy for males, have been developed and adopted over the last decades. However, distinct breakthroughs of contraceptive techniques have not yet been achieved, while the associated long-term adverse effects are insurmountable, such as endocrine system disorder along with hormone administration, invasive ligation, and slowly restored fertility after removal of intrauterine devices. Spurred by developments of nanomaterials and bionanotechnologies, advanced contraceptives could be fulfilled via nanomaterial solutions with much safer and more controllable and effective approaches to meet various and specific needs for women and men at different reproductive stages. Nanomedicine techniques have been extended to develop contraceptive methods, such as the targeted drug delivery and controlled release of hormone using nanocarriers for females and physical stimulation assisted vasectomy using functional nanomaterials via photothermal treatment or magnetic hyperthermia for males. Nanomaterial solutions for advanced contraceptives offer significantly improved biosafety, noninvasive administration, and controllable reversibility. This review summarizes the nanomaterial solutions to female and male contraceptives including the working mechanisms, clinical concerns, and their merits and demerits. This work also reviewed the nanomaterials that have been adopted in contraceptive applications. In addition, we further discuss safety considerations and future perspectives of nanomaterials in nanostrategy development for next-generation contraceptives. We expect that nanomaterials would potentially replace conventional materials for contraception in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Su
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tian Diao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Helen McGuire
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cancan Yao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guo Bao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Kumamoto NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Bin He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Engineering Technology Research, Department of Reproduction Physiology, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Carter D, Better M, Abbasi S, Zulfiqar F, Shapiro R, Ensign LM. Nanomedicine for Maternal and Fetal Health. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2303682. [PMID: 37817368 PMCID: PMC11004090 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Conception, pregnancy, and childbirth are complex processes that affect both mother and fetus. Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that in the United States alone, roughly 11% of women struggle with infertility and 16% of pregnancies involve some sort of complication. This presents a clear need to develop safe and effective treatment options, though the development of therapeutics for use in women's health and particularly in pregnancy is relatively limited. Physiological and biological changes during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy impact biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy, further complicating the process of administration and delivery of therapeutics. In addition to the complex pharmacodynamics, there is also the challenge of overcoming physiological barriers that impact various routes of local and systemic administration, including the blood-follicle barrier and the placenta. Nanomedicine presents a unique opportunity to target and sustain drug delivery to the reproductive tract and other relevant organs in the mother and fetus, as well as improve the safety profile and minimize side effects. Nanomedicine-based approaches have the potential to improve the management and treatment of infertility, obstetric complications, and fetal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davell Carter
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marina Better
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saed Abbasi
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fareeha Zulfiqar
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Shapiro
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M. Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Biomedical Engineering, Oncology, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Avlani D, Kumar A, H N S. Development of Dispersible Vaginal Tablets of Tenofovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Chitosan Microparticles for Anti-HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5006-5018. [PMID: 37656937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-loaded bioadhesive chitosan microparticles (CM) were developed by an emulsification internal gelation technique. Among different batches produced, ECH-4 was found to display a high % entrapment efficiency (68.93 ± 1.76%) and sustained drug release of 88.05 ± 0.38% at 24 h. Solid state characterization of ECH-4 employing DSC and PXRD indicated that the TDF existed in an amorphous state as a solid-solid solution in chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy revealed CM of ECH-4 was spherical in shape with a rough surface topography. Laser scattering analysis using Malvern Master sizer indicated that particle size of ECH-4 was in the range of 0.52 ± 0.10 μm to 284.79 ± 21.42 μm with a surface-mean diameter of 12.41 ± 0.06 μm. Ex vivo mucoadhesion studies using rabbit mucosa as a substrate indicated that 10.34 ± 2.08% of CM of ECH-4 was retained at the end of 24 h. The microparticles of ECH-4 were incorporated into dispersible tablets (DT-TCM) intended for intravaginal administration, in view to arrest the pre-exposure transmission of HIV during sexual intercourse. In vitro release from the dispersible tablet (F3) into simulated vaginal fluid (pH 4.5) displayed a sustained release profile of TDF as 89.98 ± 1.61% of TDF was released at 24 h. The in vitro dissolution profile of the DT-TCM was found to be similar to that of TDF loaded CM with the values of f1 (difference factor) and f2 (similarity factor) being 1.52 and 78.02, respectively. Therefore, DT-TCM would be a promising novel drug delivery platform for pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Avlani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Prabhakar B Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-campus, KLE College of Pharmacy (A constituent unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010 Karnataka, India
| | - Avichal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Prabhakar B Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-campus, KLE College of Pharmacy (A constituent unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010 Karnataka, India
| | - Shivakumar H N
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. Prabhakar B Kore Basic Science Research Center, Off-campus, KLE College of Pharmacy (A constituent unit of KAHER-Belagavi), Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010 Karnataka, India
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Argenziano M, Arduino I, Rittà M, Molinar C, Feyles E, Lembo D, Cavalli R, Donalisio M. Enhanced Anti-Herpetic Activity of Valacyclovir Loaded in Sulfobutyl-ether-β-cyclodextrin-decorated Chitosan Nanodroplets. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2460. [PMID: 37894118 PMCID: PMC10609596 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Valacyclovir (VACV) was developed as a prodrug of the most common anti-herpetic drug Acyclovir (ACV), aiming to enhance its bioavailability. Nevertheless, prolonged VACV oral treatment may lead to the development of important side effects. Nanotechnology-based formulations for vaginal administration represent a promising approach to increase the concentration of the drug at the site of infection, limiting systemic drug exposure and reducing systemic toxicity. In this study, VACV-loaded nanodroplet (ND) formulations, optimized for vaginal delivery, were designed. Cell-based assays were then carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of VACV loaded in the ND system. The chitosan-shelled ND exhibited an average diameter of about 400 nm and a VACV encapsulation efficiency of approximately 91% and was characterized by a prolonged and sustained release of VACV. Moreover, a modification of chitosan shell with an anionic cyclodextrin, sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), as a physical cross-linker, increased the stability and mucoadhesion capability of the nanosystem. Biological experiments showed that SBEβCD-chitosan NDs enhanced VACV antiviral activity against the herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, most likely due to the long-term controlled release of VACV loaded in the ND and an improved delivery of the drug in sub-cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Argenziano
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Irene Arduino
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Chiara Molinar
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Feyles
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - David Lembo
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10100 Torino, Italy; (M.A.); (C.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (M.R.); (E.F.); (M.D.)
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10
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Xie L, Li Y, Liu Y, Chai Z, Ding Y, Shi L, Wang J. Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems to Control Microbe-Associated Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3504-3515. [PMID: 36932958 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The vagina has been regarded as a crucial route for drug delivery. Despite the wide range of available vaginal dosage forms for vaginal infection control, poor drug absorptivity remains a significant challenge due to various biological barriers in the vagina, such as mucus, epithelium, immune systems, and others. To overcome these barriers, different types of vaginal drug delivery systems (VDDSs), with outstanding mucoadhesive, mucus-penetrating properties, have been designed to enhance the absorptivity of vagina-administered agents in the past decades. In this Review, we introduce a general understanding of vaginal administration, its biological barriers, the commonly used VDDSs, such as nanoparticles and hydrogels, and their applications in controlling microbe-associated vaginal infections. Additionally, further challenges and concerns regarding the design of VDDSs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingping Xie
- The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, Zhejiang 317600, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Zhihua Chai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 206, Yanjiao, Beijing 101601, China
| | - Yuxun Ding
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, Yuhuan, Zhejiang 317600, China
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11
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Mast MP, Mesquita L, Gan K, Gelperina S, das Neves J, Wacker MG. Encapsulation and release of hydrocortisone from proliposomes govern vaginal delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1022-1034. [PMID: 36585558 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Topical preparations of hydrocortisone can be used for the anti-inflammatory treatment of the female genital area. Although the drug is a low-strength corticosteroid, systemic absorption and distribution of the drug are the most common safety risks associated with this therapy. In the current investigation, we elucidate the physicochemical properties of lipid-based drug carrier systems that govern the local bioavailability of hydrocortisone for intravaginal administration. For this purpose, we compared various proliposome formulations with a commercial cream. Depending on the availability of physiological acceptors, encapsulation and drug release from the lipid phase were found to be the most important drivers of drug bioavailability. The high permeability of hydrocortisone leads to rapid transport of the drug across the mucosal cell layer as indicated by experiments using HEC-1-A and CaSki cell monolayer models. Under sink conditions, differences in the release from the liposomes as determined in the Dispersion Releaser were almost negligible. However, under non-sink conditions, the drug release plateaued at levels corresponding to the encapsulation efficiency. After redispersion, all liposomal formulations performed better than the commercial drug product indicating that the encapsulation into the lipid phase is the main driver sustaining the release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Phillip Mast
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
- Goethe University, Max-Von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Letícia Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kennard Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, 117544, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Svetlana Gelperina
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047, Moscow, Russia
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- IUCS-Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Matthias G Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, 117544, Singapore, Singapore.
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12
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In situ gelling drug delivery systems for topical drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:36-49. [PMID: 36642283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In situ gelling formulations are drug delivery systems which typically exist in a liquid form at room temperature and change into gel state after application to the body in response to various stimuli such as changes in temperature, pH and ionic composition. Their biomedical application can further be improved by incorporating drug nanoparticles into in situ gelling systems in order to prolong drug release, reduce dosing frequency and improve therapeutic outcomes of patients, developing highly functional but challenging dosage forms. The composition of in situ gelling formulations influence factors relating to performance such as their syringeability, rheology, drug release profile and drug bioavailability at target sites, amongst other factors. The inclusion of mucoadhesive polymeric constituents into in situ gelling formulations has also been explored to ensure that the therapeutic agents are retained at target site for extended period of time. This review article will discuss traditional techniques (water bath-based vial inversion and viscometry) as well as advanced methodology (rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry, Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Small Angle X-ray Scattering, etc.) for evaluating in situ gel forming systems for topical drug delivery. The clinical properties of in situ gelling systems that have been studied for potential biomedical applications over the last ten years will be reviewed to highlight current knowledge in the performance of these systems. Formulation issues that have slowed the translation of some promising drug formulations from the research laboratory to the clinic will also be detailed.
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13
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Myrtle-Functionalized Nanofibers Modulate Vaginal Cell Population Behavior While Counteracting Microbial Proliferation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121577. [PMID: 35736728 PMCID: PMC9227804 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal infections affect millions of women annually worldwide. Therapeutic options are limited, moreover drug-resistance increases the need to find novel antimicrobials for health promotion. Recently phytochemicals were re-discovered for medical treatment. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) plant extracts showed in vitro antioxidant, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties thanks to their bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to create novel nanodevices to deliver three natural extracts from leaves, seeds and fruit of myrtle, in vaginal milieu. We explored their effect on human cells (HeLa, Human Foreskin Fibroblast-1 line, and stem cells isolated from skin), resident microflora (Lactobacillus acidophilus) and on several vaginal pathogens (Trichomonas vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida kefyr, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei). Polycaprolactone-Gelatin nanofibers encapsulated with leaves extract and soaked with seed extracts exhibited a different capability in regard to counteracting microbial proliferation. Moreover, these nanodevices do not affect human cells and resident microflora viability. Results reveal that some of the tested nanofibers are interesting candidates for future vaginal infection treatments.
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14
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Elsherbini AM, Sabra SA. Nanoparticles-in-nanofibers composites: Emphasis on some recent biomedical applications. J Control Release 2022; 348:57-83. [PMID: 35636616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles-in-nanofibers composites comprise an attractive approach for controlling release and delivery of many active molecules for versatile biomedical applications. Incorporation of drug-loaded nanoparticles within these composites can afford the encapsulation of one or more drug with sequential drug release, which can be tuned according to the assigned function. Moreover, existence of nanoparticles within the nanofibrous matrix was found to favor the morphological and mechanical properties of the developed composites. In this review, the latest biomedical advances for nanoparticles-in-nanofibers composites will be highlighted including; tissue regeneration, antimicrobial applications, wound healing, cancer management, cardiovascular disorders, ophthalmic applications, vaginal drug delivery, biosensors and biomedical filters. These composites incorporating multiple types of nanoparticles could be very promising drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa M Elsherbini
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Sally A Sabra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
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15
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Watchorn J, Clasky AJ, Prakash G, Johnston IAE, Chen PZ, Gu FX. Untangling Mucosal Drug Delivery: Engineering, Designing, and Testing Nanoparticles to Overcome the Mucus Barrier. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1396-1426. [PMID: 35294187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel and acts as a barrier covering much of the soft tissue in the human body. High vascularization and accessibility have motivated drug delivery to various mucosal surfaces; however, these benefits are hindered by the mucus layer. To overcome the mucus barrier, many nanomedicines have been developed, with the goal of improving the efficacy and bioavailability of drug payloads. Two major nanoparticle-based strategies have emerged to facilitate mucosal drug delivery, namely, mucoadhesion and mucopenetration. Generally, mucoadhesive nanoparticles promote interactions with mucus for immobilization and sustained drug release, whereas mucopenetrating nanoparticles diffuse through the mucus and enhance drug uptake. The choice of strategy depends on many factors pertaining to the structural and compositional characteristics of the target mucus and mucosa. While there have been promising results in preclinical studies, mucus-nanoparticle interactions remain poorly understood, thus limiting effective clinical translation. This article reviews nanomedicines designed with mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating properties for mucosal delivery, explores the influence of site-dependent physiological variation among mucosal surfaces on efficacy, transport, and bioavailability, and discusses the techniques and models used to investigate mucus-nanoparticle interactions. The effects of non-homeostatic perturbations on protein corona formation, mucus composition, and nanoparticle performance are discussed in the context of mucosal delivery. The complexity of the mucosal barrier necessitates consideration of the interplay between nanoparticle design, tissue-specific differences in mucus structure and composition, and homeostatic or disease-related changes to the mucus barrier to develop effective nanomedicines for mucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Watchorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Aaron J Clasky
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gayatri Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ian A E Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Paul Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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16
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Ali F, Khan I, Chen J, Akhtar K, Bakhsh EM, Khan SB. Emerging Fabrication Strategies of Hydrogels and Its Applications. Gels 2022; 8:gels8040205. [PMID: 35448106 PMCID: PMC9024659 DOI: 10.3390/gels8040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, hydrogels have been investigated for the controlled release of bioactive molecules, such as for living cell encapsulation and matrices. Due to their remote controllability and quick response, hydrogels are widely used for various applications, including drug delivery. The rate and extent to which the drugs reach their targets are highly dependent on the carriers used in drug delivery systems; therefore the demand for biodegradable and intelligent carriers is progressively increasing. The biodegradable nature of hydrogel has created much interest for its use in drug delivery systems. The first part of this review focuses on emerging fabrication strategies of hydrogel, including physical and chemical cross-linking, as well as radiation cross-linking. The second part describes the applications of hydrogels in various fields, including drug delivery systems. In the end, an overview of the application of hydrogels prepared from several natural polymers in drug delivery is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Jianmin Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Putian University, No. 1133 Xueyuan Zhong Jie, Putian 351100, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.B.K.)
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (K.A.); (E.M.B.)
- Centre of Excellence for Advance Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.B.K.)
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17
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Nanoparticle-based strategies to target HIV-infected cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112405. [PMID: 35255375 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral drugs employed for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections have remained largely ineffective due to their poor bioavailability, numerous adverse effects, modest uptake in infected cells, undesirable drug-drug interactions, the necessity for long-term drug therapy, and lack of access to tissues and reservoirs. Nanotechnology-based interventions could serve to overcome several of these disadvantages and thereby improve the therapeutic efficacy of antiretrovirals while reducing the morbidity and mortality due to the disease. However, attempts to use nanocarriers for the delivery of anti-retroviral drugs have started gaining momentum only in the past decade. This review explores in-depth the various nanocarriers that have been employed for the treatment of HIV infections highlighting their merits and possible demerits.
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18
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Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Nanomedicines for the topical treatment of vulvovaginal infections: Addressing the challenges of antimicrobial resistance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113855. [PMID: 34214638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have, surprisingly, witnessed an increase in incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). At the same time, antimicrobial therapy came under the threat of ever rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), resulting in STIs with extremely limited therapy options. In this review, we addressed the challenges of treating vaginal infections in an era of AMR. We focused on published work regarding nanomedicine destined for localized treatment of vaginal infections. Localized therapy offers numerous advantages such as assuring high drug concentration at the infection site, limiting systemic drug exposure that can lead to faster development of AMR reduction in the systemic side effects and potentially safe therapy in pregnancy. We provided a state-of-the-art overview of nanoformulations proposed to topically treat STIs, emphasizing the challenges and advantages of each type of nanocarriers, as well as issues of potential toxicity.
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20
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das Neves J, Notario-Pérez F, Sarmento B. Women-specific routes of administration for drugs: A critical overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113865. [PMID: 34280514 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The woman's body presents a number of unique anatomical features that can constitute valuable routes for the administration of drugs, either for local or systemic action. These are associated with genitalia (vaginal, endocervical, intrauterine, intrafallopian and intraovarian routes), changes occurring during pregnancy (extra-amniotic, intra-amniotic and intraplacental routes) and the female breast (breast intraductal route). While the vaginal administration of drug products is common, other routes have limited clinical application and are fairly unknown even for scientists involved in drug delivery science. Understanding the possibilities and limitations of women-specific routes is of key importance for the development of new preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that will ultimately contribute to the advancement of women's health. This article provides an overview on women-specific routes for the administration of drugs, focusing on aspects such as biological features pertaining to drug delivery, relevance in current clinical practice, available drug dosage forms/delivery systems and administration techniques, as well as recent trends in the field.
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21
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Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Saar S, Kara AA, Yıldız A, Tunçel E, Acartürk F. Development and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded nanofiber hybrid system for vaginal controlled release of benzydamine. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 161:105801. [PMID: 33691155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal infections caused by various pathogens such as fungi, viruses and protozoa are frequently seen. Systemic and local treatments can be applied to eliminate these infections. Novel vaginal drug delivery systems can be used to provide local treatment. Vaginal drug delivery systems prevent systemic side effects and can provide long-term drug release in the vaginal area. Nanofibers and nanoparticles have a wide range of applications and can also be preferred as vaginal drug delivery systems. Benzydamine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antiseptic drug which is used for treatment of vaginal infections. The aim of this study was to compare the nanofiber and gel formulations containing lyophilized benzydamine nanoparticles with nanofiber and gel formulations containing free benzydamine, and to provide prolonged release for protection from the vaginal infections. Ionic gelation method was used for the preparation of benzydamine loaded nanoparticles. To produce benzydamine nanoparticles loaded nanofiber formulations, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solutions were prepared at 10% concentrations and mixed with nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was used as a gelling agent at the concentration of 1% for the vaginal gel formulation. Nanoparticles were characterized in terms of zeta potential, polydispersity index and particle size. Viscosity, surface tension and conductivity values of the polymer solutions were measured for the electrospinning. Mechanical properties, contact angle and drug loading capacity of the fibers were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, mucoadhesion, ex vivo permeability studies and in vitro release studies were performed for the selected formulations. Ex vivo permeability studies were performed using Franz diffusion cell method. SEM and TEM images showed that fiber diameters increased with loading of nanoparticles. DSC studies showed no interaction between excipients used in the formulation. Tensile strength and elongation at break values of the fibers increased with the loading of nanoparticles, and the contact angle values of the fibers were found to be 0°. Addition of benzydamine nanoparticles to gel and nanofiber formulations increased mucoadhesion compared to free benzydamine loading formulations. Benzydamine nanoparticle loaded gel and nanofiber formulations penetrated slower than that of free benzydamine gel and fiber formulations. The results demonstrated that benzydamine and benzydamine nanoparticle loaded fibers and gels could be a potential drug delivery system for the treatment of vaginal infections. Chitosan nanoparticle loaded nanofiber formulations are offered as an alternative controlled release vaginal formulations for vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmanur Tuğcu-Demiröz
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Saar
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Altuğ Kara
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Tunçel
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 06330- Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Kirtane AR, Verma M, Karandikar P, Furin J, Langer R, Traverso G. Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:369-384. [PMID: 33753915 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major driver of morbidity and mortality globally. Treatment of malaria, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection are particularly challenging, as indicated by the ongoing transmission and high mortality associated with these diseases. The formulation of new and existing drugs in nano-sized carriers promises to overcome several challenges associated with the treatment of these diseases, including low on-target bioavailability, sub-therapeutic drug accumulation in microbial sanctuaries and reservoirs, and low patient adherence due to drug-related toxicities and extended therapeutic regimens. Further, nanocarriers can be used for formulating vaccines, which represent a major weapon in our fight against infectious diseases. Here we review the current burden of infectious diseases with a focus on major drivers of morbidity and mortality. We then highlight how nanotechnology could aid in improving existing treatment modalities. We summarize our progress so far and outline potential future directions to maximize the impact of nanotechnology on the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya R Kirtane
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malvika Verma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paramesh Karandikar
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Furin
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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23
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Deshkar S, Sikchi S, Thakre A, Kale R. Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 9:141-156. [PMID: 33423655 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666210108121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to design a surface modified chitosan nanoparticle system for vaginal delivery of acyclovir for effective drug uptake into vaginal mucosa. METHODS Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, with and without modification by poloxamer 407, were prepared by ionic gelation method. The effects of two independent variables, chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio (X1) and acyclovir concentration (X2), on drug entrapment in nanoparticles were studied using 32 full factorial design. The surface response and counterplots were drawn to facilitate an understanding of the contribution of the variables and their interaction. The nanoparticles were evaluated for drug entrapment, size with zeta potential, morphological analysis by TEM, solid-state characterization by FTIR, DSC, XRD, in vitro dissolution, in vitro cell uptake using HeLa cell line and in vivo vaginal irritation test in Wistar rats. RESULTS Chitosan nanoparticle formulation with chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate mass ratio of 2:1 and acyclovir concentration of 2 mg/mL resulted in the highest entrapment efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles revealed spherical morphology with a particle size of 191.2 nm. The surface modification of nanoparticles with poloxamer resulted in higher drug entrapment (74.3±1.5%), higher particle size (391.1 nm) as a result of dense surface coating, lower zeta potential and sustained drug release compared to unmodified nanoparticles. The change in the crystallinity of the drug during nanoparticle formulation was observed in DSC and XRD study. Cellular uptake of poloxamer-modified chitosan nanoparticles was found to be higher than chitosan nanoparticles in HeLa cells. Safety of nanoparticle formulations by vaginal route was evident when tested in female rats. CONCLUSION Conclusively, poloxamer-modified CH NP could serve as a promising and safe delivery system with enhanced cellular drug uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Deshkar
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sumit Sikchi
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anjali Thakre
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupali Kale
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
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Chindamo G, Sapino S, Peira E, Chirio D, Gallarate M. Recent Advances in Nanosystems and Strategies for Vaginal Delivery of Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020311. [PMID: 33530510 PMCID: PMC7912580 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV), chlamydia, gonorrhea, genital herpes, candidiasis, and trichomoniasis affect millions of women each year. They are caused by an overgrowth of microorganisms, generally sexually transmitted, which in turn can be favored by alterations in the vaginal flora. Conventional treatments of these infections consist in systemic or local antimicrobial therapies. However, in the attempt to reduce adverse effects and to contrast microbial resistance and infection recurrences, many efforts have been devoted to the development of vaginal systems for the local delivery of antimicrobials. Several topical dosage forms such as aerosols, lotions, suppositories, tablets, gels, and creams have been proposed, although they are sometimes ineffective due to their poor penetration and rapid removal from the vaginal canal. For these reasons, the development of innovative drug delivery systems, able to remain in situ and release active agents for a prolonged period, is becoming more and more important. Among all, nanosystems such as liposomes, nanoparticles (NPs), and micelles with tunable surface properties, but also thermogelling nanocomposites, could be exploited to improve local drug delivery, biodistribution, retention, and uptake in vulvovaginal tissues. The aim of this review is to provide a survey of the variety of nanoplatforms developed for the vaginal delivery of antimicrobial agents. A concise summary of the most common vaginal infections and of the conventional therapies is also provided.
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Abstract
While contraceptive drugs have enabled many people to decide when they want to have a baby, more than 100 million unintended pregnancies each year in the world may indicate the contraceptive requirement of many people has not been well addressed yet. The vagina is a well-established and practical route for the delivery of various pharmacological molecules, including contraceptives. This review aims to present an overview of different contraceptive methods focusing on the vaginal route of delivery for contraceptives, including current developments, discussing the potentials and limitations of the modern methods, designs, and how well each method performs for delivering the contraceptives and preventing pregnancy.
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Abdul-Aziz A, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Carine T, Wee Toong T, Yi NJ, Win Yi L. Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E26. [PMID: 33374756 PMCID: PMC7795176 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal host-microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens, resulting in gynaecological issues. Vaginal infections that are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age, require an effective concentration of antimicrobial drugs at the infectious sites for complete disease eradication. Thus, topical treatment is recommended as it allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and side effects, and self-insertion. However, the alterations in the physiological conditions of the vagina affect the effectiveness of vaginal drug delivery considerably. Conventional vaginal dosage forms are often linked to low retention time in the vagina and discomfort which significantly reduces patient compliance. The lack of optimal prevention and treatment approaches have contributed to the unacceptably high rate of recurrence for vaginal diseases. To combat these limitations, several novel approaches including nano-systems, mucoadhesive polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive systems have been developed in recent years. This review discusses and summarises the recent research progress of these novel approaches for vaginal drug delivery against various vaginal diseases. An overview of the concept and challenges of vaginal infections, anatomy and physiology of the vagina, and barriers to vaginal drug delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azila Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; or
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Center for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Teng Carine
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Tan Wee Toong
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Ngiam Jing Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Lim Win Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
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Recent advances in hydrogels as strategy for drug delivery intended to vaginal infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119867. [PMID: 32919001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal infections represent a clear women health problem due to the several issues as high recurrence rate, drug resistence and emergence of persistent strains. However, achieving improvements in therapeutic efficacy by using conventional formulations intended to vaginal drug delivery remains as a challenge due to anatomy and physiology of the vagina, since the secretion and renewal of vaginal fluids contribute to the removal of the dosage form. Hydrogels have been widely exploited aiming to achieve drug delivery directly into vaginal mucosa for local therapy due to their attractive features as increased residence time of the drug at the action site and control of drug release rates. Some polymers can aggregate specific properties to hydrogels as mucoadhesive, stimuli-responsive and antimicrobial, improving their interaction with the biological interface and therapeutic response. In this review, we highlight the advances, advantages and challenges of the hydrogels as drug and/or nanocarrier vehicles intended to the treatment of vaginal infections, emphasizing also the polymers and their properties more explored on the design these systems to improve the therapeutic effect on the vaginal tissue. In addition, this review can contribute for better exploitation these systems in search of new local treatments for bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis.
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Donalisio M, Argenziano M, Rittà M, Bastiancich C, Civra A, Lembo D, Cavalli R. Acyclovir-loaded sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin decorated chitosan nanodroplets for the local treatment of HSV-2 infections. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yang M, Li L, Jiang C, Qin X, Zhou M, Mao X, Xing H. Co-infection with trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2-3 among HPV16 positive female: a large population-based study. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:642. [PMID: 32873233 PMCID: PMC7466445 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05349-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggested that vaginal microbiome played a functional role in the progression of cervical lesions in female infected by HPV. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of common vaginal infection on the carcinogenicity of high risk HPV (hr-HPV). Methods From January 15, 2017 to December 31, 2017, 310,545 female aged at least 30 years old had been recruited for cervical cancer screening from 9 clinical research centers in Central China. All the recruited participants received hr-HPV genotyping for cervical cancer screening and vaginal microenvironment test by a high vaginal swab. Colposcopy-directed biopsy was recommended for female who were infected with HPV 16 and HPV 18, and other positive hr-HPV types through test had undertaken triage using liquid-based cytology, cases with the results ≥ ASCUS among them were referred to colposcopy directly, and cervical tissues were taken for pathology examination to make clear the presence or absence of other cervical lesions. Results Among 310,545 female, 6067 (1.95%) were tested with positive HPV 16 and HPV 18, 18,297 (5.89%) were tested with other positive hr-HPV genotypes, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2, CIN 3 and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) were detected in 861 cases, 377 cases, 423 cases, and 77 cases, respectively. Candida albicans and Gardnerella were not associated with the detection of cervical lesions. Positive trichomonas vaginitis (TV) was correlated with hr-HPV infection (p < 0.0001). Co-infection with TV increased the risk of CIN 1 among female infected with hr-HPV (OR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.42–2.31). Co-infection with TV increased the risk of CIN 2–3 among female infected with HPV 16 (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.16–2.53). Conclusions Co-infection of TV and HPV 16 is a significant factor for the detection of cervical lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Chunfan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Xing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441021, Hubei, China.
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M. Ways TM, Ng KW, Lau WM, Khutoryanskiy VV. Silica Nanoparticles in Transmucosal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E751. [PMID: 32785148 PMCID: PMC7465701 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmucosal drug delivery includes the administration of drugs via various mucous membranes, such as gastrointestinal, nasal, ocular, and vaginal mucosa. The use of nanoparticles in transmucosal drug delivery has several advantages, including the protection of drugs against the harsh environment of the mucosal lumens and surfaces, increased drug residence time, and enhanced drug absorption. Due to their relatively simple synthetic methods for preparation, safety profile, and possibilities of surface functionalisation, silica nanoparticles are highly promising for transmucosal drug delivery. This review provides a description of silica nanoparticles and outlines the preparation methods for various core and surface-functionalised silica nanoparticles. The relationship between the functionalities of silica nanoparticles and their interactions with various mucous membranes are critically analysed. Applications of silica nanoparticles in transmucosal drug delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Twana Mohammed M. Ways
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, UK;
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Keng Wooi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.W.N.); (W.M.L.)
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; (K.W.N.); (W.M.L.)
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Niu G, Jin Z, Zhang C, He D, Gao X, Zou C, Zhang W, Ding J, Das BC, Severinov K, Hitzeroth II, Debata PR, Ma X, Tian X, Gao Q, Wu J, You Z, Tian R, Cui Z, Fan W, Xie W, Huang Z, Cao C, Xu W, Xie H, Xu H, Tang X, Wang Y, Yu Z, Han H, Tan S, Chen S, Hu Z. An effective vaginal gel to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 system encapsulated in poly (β-amino ester) nanoparticles for vaginal gene therapy. EBioMedicine 2020; 58:102897. [PMID: 32711250 PMCID: PMC7387785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene therapy has held promises for treating specific genetic diseases. However, the key to clinical application depends on effective gene delivery. METHODS Using a large animal model, we developed two pharmaceutical formulations for gene delivery in the pigs' vagina, which were made up of poly (β-amino ester) (PBAE)-plasmid polyplex nanoparticles (NPs) based two gel materials, modified montmorillonite (mMMT) and hectorite (HTT). FINDINGS By conducting flow cytometry of the cervical cells, we found that PBAE-GFP-NPs-mMMT gel was more efficient than PBAE-GFP-NPs-HTT gel in delivering exogenous DNA intravaginally. Next, we designed specific CRISPR/SpCas9 sgRNAs targeting porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) and evaluated the genome editing efficacy in vivo. We discovered that PERV copy number in vaginal epithelium could be significantly reduced by the local delivery of the PBAE-SpCas9/sgRNA NPs-mMMT gel. Comparable genome editing results were also obtained by high-fidelity version of SpCas9, SpCas9-HF1 and eSpCas9, in the mMMT gel. Further, we confirmed that the expression of topically delivered SpCas9 was limited to the vagina/cervix and did not diffuse to nearby organs, which was relatively safe with low toxicity. INTERPRETATION Our data suggested that the PBAE-NPs mMMT vaginal gel is an effective preparation for local gene therapy, yielding insights into novel therapeutic approaches to sexually transmitted disease in the genital tract. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of science and technology of China (No. 2018ZX10301402); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81761148025, 81871473 and 81402158); Guangzhou Science and Technology Programme (No. 201704020093); National Ten Thousand Plan-Young Top Talents of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (17ykzd15 and 19ykyjs07); Three Big Constructions-Supercomputing Application Cultivation Projects sponsored by National Supercomputer Center In Guangzhou; the National Research FFoundation (NRF) South Africa under BRICS Multilateral Joint Call for Proposals; grant 17-54-80078 from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Niu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuang Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chenming Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jiahui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Moscow Region 143025, Russian Federation
| | - Inga Isabel Hitzeroth
- Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Priya Ranjan Debata
- Department of Zoology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada, Odisha 757003, India
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician expert workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeshan You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zifeng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiwen Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weiling Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhaoyue Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chen Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academician expert workstation, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongxian Xie
- Generulor Company Bio-X Lab, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shaoguan 512026, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiongzhi Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 541002, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Zhiying Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine & Department of Urology, Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Songwei Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China; Precision Medicine Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Villarruel Mendoza LA, Scilletta NA, Bellino MG, Desimone MF, Catalano PN. Recent Advances in Micro-Electro-Mechanical Devices for Controlled Drug Release Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:827. [PMID: 32850709 PMCID: PMC7405504 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, controlled release of drugs has posed numerous challenges with the aim of optimizing parameters such as the release of the suitable quantity of drugs in the right site at the right time with the least invasiveness and the greatest possible automation. Some of the factors that challenge conventional drug release include long-term treatments, narrow therapeutic windows, complex dosing schedules, combined therapies, individual dosing regimens, and labile active substance administration. In this sense, the emergence of micro-devices that combine mechanical and electrical components, so called micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can offer solutions to these drawbacks. These devices can be fabricated using biocompatible materials, with great uniformity and reproducibility, similar to integrated circuits. They can be aseptically manufactured and hermetically sealed, while having mobile components that enable physical or analytical functions together with electrical components. In this review we present recent advances in the generation of MEMS drug delivery devices, in which various micro and nanometric structures such as contacts, connections, channels, reservoirs, pumps, valves, needles, and/or membranes can be included in their design and manufacture. Implantable single and multiple reservoir-based and transdermal-based MEMS devices are discussed in terms of fundamental mechanisms, fabrication, performance, and drug release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Antonela Scilletta
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
| | | | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo Nicolas Catalano
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología, CNEA-CONICET, San Martín, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Fonseca-Santos B, Silva PB, Rigon RB, Sato MR, Chorilli M. Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3623-3656. [PMID: 31232233 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento Silva
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Department of Genetics and Morphology, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Balansin Rigon
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rillo Sato
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
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Kaur S, Kaur S. Recent Advances in Vaginal Delivery for the Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2020; 14:281-291. [PMID: 32564767 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616666200621200047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginal infection caused by candida species, affecting 70% of the women. It may occur due to the imbalance in the vaginal micro- biodata, pregnancy, diabetes, use of antibiotics, frequent sexual activities or AIDS. AIM The main aim of this review is to provide overview about different vaginal delivery systems for the administration of antifungal agents like conventional, mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating delivery systems. METHOD The conventional delivery systems available have limited efficacy due to the less residence time and adverse effects. In order to overcome these issues, a delivery system with mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating properties is required. Mucoadhesive polymers have excellent binding properties with mucin and thus increasing residence time. On the other hand, muco-penetrating polymers transport the antifungal agents across the mucus layer. RESULTS This review summarizes the pathophysiology of VVC along with novel delivery systems for the treatment of infection through mucoadhesive and muco-penetrating approaches. Surface modifications of nano/ microparticles with mucoadhesive or muco-penetrating particles may provide delivery systems with improved therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION Based on the available data, conventional and mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have some limitations, they still require improvement/ development for safe and effective delivery of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (Punjab), India
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Sánchez-López E, Paús A, Pérez-Pomeda I, Calpena A, Haro I, Gómara MJ. Lipid Vesicles Loaded with an HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor Peptide as a Potential Microbicide. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E502. [PMID: 32486415 PMCID: PMC7355883 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective use of fusion inhibitor peptides against cervical and colorectal infections requires the development of sustained release formulations. In this work we comparatively study two different formulations based on polymeric nanoparticles and lipid vesicles to propose a suitable delivery nanosystem for releasing an HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide in vaginal mucosa. Polymeric nanoparticles of poly-d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and lipid large unilamellar vesicles loaded with the inhibitor peptide were prepared. Both formulations showed average sizes and polydispersity index values corresponding to monodisperse systems appropriate for vaginal permeation. High entrapment efficiency of the inhibitor peptide was achieved in lipid vesicles, which was probably due to the peptide's hydrophobic nature. In addition, both nanocarriers remained stable after two weeks stored at 4 °C. While PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) did not show any delay in peptide release, lipid vesicles demonstrated favorably prolonged release of the peptide. Lipid vesicles were shown to improve the retention of the peptide on ex vivo vaginal tissue in a concentration sufficient to exert its pharmacological effect. Thus, the small size of lipid vesicles, their lipid-based composition as well as their ability to enhance peptide penetration on vaginal tissue led us to consider this formulation as a better nanosystem than polymeric nanoparticles for the sustained delivery of the HIV-1 fusion inhibitor peptide in vaginal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Paús
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (I.P.-P.); (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Pomeda
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (I.P.-P.); (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - Ana Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Haro
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (I.P.-P.); (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
| | - María José Gómara
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC−CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (A.P.); (I.P.-P.); (I.H.); (M.J.G.)
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Giusto K, Patki M, Koya J, Ashby CR, Munnangi S, Patel K, Reznik SE. A vaginal nanoformulation of a SphK inhibitor attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2835-2851. [PMID: 31793846 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Previously, we have shown that inhibition of SphK by the SphK inhibitor-II (SKI II) prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. The aim of this study was to develop a vaginal self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system (SNEDDS) for SKI II. Materials & methods: A SKI II-loaded SNEDDS was characterized and tested in a murine preterm birth model. Results: The SNEDDS immediately formed a gel and then slowly emulsified to nanoglobules with over 500-fold enhancement of SKI II solubility at vaginal pH. Intravaginal administration of the SKI II SNEDDS significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth in mice. Conclusion: A vaginal nanoformulation of SKI II represents a novel, noninvasive approach to prevent preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten Giusto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Manali Patki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jagadish Koya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Swapna Munnangi
- Department of Surgery, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11544, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Sandra E Reznik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
- Departments of Pathology, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Vea-Barragan AC, Bucio E, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Zambrano-Zaragoza ML, Meléndez-López SG, Serrano-Medina A, Cornejo-Bravo JM. Poly(acrylic acid)-grafted hydrophobic weak acid gels as mucoadhesives for controlled drug release. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Topical Inserts: A Versatile Delivery Form for HIV Prevention. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080374. [PMID: 31374941 PMCID: PMC6723036 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of topical inserts for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), represents a promising alternative to oral and parenteral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dosage forms. They may be used for vaginal and/or rectal administration of a variety of agents with antiviral activity. Topical inserts deliver drugs to the portal of viral entry, i.e., the genital or rectal mucosa, with low systemic exposure, and therefore are safer and have fewer side effects than systemic PrEP agents. They may dissolve fast, releasing the active drugs within minutes of insertion, or slowly for long-acting drug delivery. Furthermore, they are user-friendly being easy to administer, discreet and highly portable. They are also economical and easy to manufacture at scale and to distribute, with excellent stability and shelf-life. Altogether, topical inserts represent a particularly promising form of drug delivery for HIV and STI prevention. Highlighted within this review are end-user acceptability research dedicated to understanding preferred attributes for this form of drug delivery, advantages and disadvantages of the formulation platform options, considerations for their development, clinical assessment of select placebo prototypes, future directions, and the potential impact of this dosage form on the HIV prevention landscape.
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Rossi S, Vigani B, Sandri G, Bonferoni MC, Caramella CM, Ferrari F. Recent advances in the mucus-interacting approach for vaginal drug delivery: from mucoadhesive to mucus-penetrating nanoparticles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:777-781. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1645117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rossi
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vigani
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franca Ferrari
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Injectable Vaginal Hydrogels as a Multi-Drug Carrier for Contraception. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Injectable intravaginal hydrogels could deliver drugs systemically without hepatic first pass effect. This paper focuses on the contraceptive function of an injectable temperature-sensitive four-arm star-shaped poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (4sPLGA-mPEG) block copolymer hydrogels as a carrier of three drugs. In vitro controlled release profiles were investigated via HPLC, and it showed that the cumulative release amounts of indomethacin (IMC), gestodene (GSD), and ethinyl estradiol (EE) from copolymer hydrogels could be regulated by adjusting the lactide/glycolide (LA/GA) mol ratio. In addition, in vitro release profiles of IMC, GSD, and EE well corresponded to Higuchi model. The acute toxicity of copolymer hydrogels loaded with different dosage contents multi-drug was evaluated in vivo. As to the high dosage group, the uterus was hydropic at day 1 and ulcerated at day 5, followed with intestinal adhesion. Regarding the middle dosage group, no festering of tissues was observed and, blood coagulum existed in the uterus at different days. For low dosage group, no significant tissue necrosis was found. Finally, the antifertility experiments confirmed that hydrogels loaded with the multi-drug had an excellent contraceptive effect. The above results indicated that injectable copolymer hydrogel as a multi-drug carrier was promising as a novel contraception method.
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Lagoa R, Silva J, Rodrigues JR, Bishayee A. Advances in phytochemical delivery systems for improved anticancer activity. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 38:107382. [PMID: 30978386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds have significant anticancer pharmacological activities, but often suffer from low bioavailability and selectivity that limit therapeutic use. The present work critically analyzes the latest advances on drug delivery systems designed to enhance pharmacokinetics, targeting, cellular uptake and efficacy of anticancer phytoconstituents. Various phytochemicals, including flavonoids, resveratrol, celastrol, curcumin, berberine and camptothecins, carried by liposomes, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions and films showed promising results. Strategies to avoid drug metabolism, overcome physiological barriers and achieve higher concentration at cancer sites through skin, buccal, nasal, vaginal, pulmonary and colon targeted delivery are presented. Current limitations, challenges and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lagoa
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal.
| | - João Silva
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Rui Rodrigues
- School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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Mesquita L, Galante J, Nunes R, Sarmento B, das Neves J. Pharmaceutical Vehicles for Vaginal and Rectal Administration of Anti-HIV Microbicide Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030145. [PMID: 30917532 PMCID: PMC6472048 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention strategies play a key role in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Vaginal and rectal microbicides hold great promise in tackling sexual transmission of HIV-1, but effective and safe products are yet to be approved and made available to those in need. While most efforts have been placed in finding and testing suitable active drug candidates to be used in microbicide development, the last decade also saw considerable advances in the design of adequate carrier systems and formulations that could lead to products presenting enhanced performance in protecting from infection. One strategy demonstrating great potential encompasses the use of nanosystems, either with intrinsic antiviral activity or acting as carriers for promising microbicide drug candidates. Polymeric nanoparticles, in particular, have been shown to be able to enhance mucosal distribution and retention of promising antiretroviral compounds. One important aspect in the development of nanotechnology-based microbicides relates to the design of pharmaceutical vehicles that allow not only convenient vaginal and/or rectal administration, but also preserve or even enhance the performance of nanosystems. In this manuscript, we revise relevant work concerning the selection of vaginal/rectal dosage forms and vehicle formulation development for the administration of microbicide nanosystems. We also pinpoint major gaps in the field and provide pertinent hints for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Mesquita
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Galante
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rute Nunes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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da Costa RC, Pereira ED, Silva FM, de Jesus EO, Souza Jr. FG. Drug Micro-Carriers Based on Polymers and Their Sterilization. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht12.04.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Cheng Y, Ji Y. RGD-modified polymer and liposome nanovehicles: Recent research progress for drug delivery in cancer therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 128:8-17. [PMID: 30471410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, as the demand for cancer treatment has increased, more rational treatment options (considering size, mode of administration, biocompatibility, efficacy, etc.) and plenty of specifically active targeted nanovehicles have been developed. Integrin receptors targeting are one of the most frequently used approaches because of its highly expressed in cancer cells. In particular, the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide and its derivatives have been widely used as ligands for integrin to increase direct targeting capabilies. Polymers as well as liposomes are commonly used as nanovehicles for drug delivery. A variety of work is focused on the RGD-modified polymer and liposome nanovehicles for cancer therapeutics. The goal of this article is to review the published literature in recent years concerning the RGD-modified liposome and polymer nanovehicles to highlight its successful designs for improving cancer therapy and discuss the current challenges as well as the possible development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, PR China.
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Sims LB, Miller HA, Halwes ME, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Modeling of nanoparticle transport through the female reproductive tract for the treatment of infectious diseases. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 138:37-47. [PMID: 30195726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The secreted mucus layer in the vaginal epithelium presents a formidable barrier to the transport of active agents for the prevention and treatment of female reproductive tract (FRT) infections. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery has been proposed to help facilitate the transport and release of active agents through the cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) and underlying mucosa. However, both nanoparticles (NPs) and free active agents face a variety of challenges, often requiring the administration of high localized doses to circumvent leakage and poor penetration to targeted intravaginal tissue compartments. To address these challenges, "stealth" NP modifications have been investigated, due to their favorable mucus-penetrating properties, resulting in improved intravaginal active agent retention and transport. A number of other NP characteristics including size, surface modification type, ligand density, and co-modification, as well as the complexity of the FRT tissue are involved in obtaining adequate tissue penetration and, if needed, cell internalization. Studies that systematically investigate variations of these characteristics have yet to be conducted, with the goal to obtain a better understanding of what properties most impact prophylactic and therapeutic benefit. To complement the progress made with experimental evaluation of active agent transport in in vitro and in vivo, mathematical modeling has recently been applied to analyze the transport performance of agents and delivery vehicles in the FRT. Here, we build upon this work to simulate NP transport through mucus gel, epithelial, and stromal compartments, with the goal to provide a platform that can systematically evaluate transport based on NP and tissue characteristics. Model parameters such as PEG density and NP release (decay) rate from mucus gel into the epithelium, are set from previous in vitro and in vivo experimental work that assessed the transport of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs. The modeling results show that while unmodified and 2% PEG-modified NPs were retained in mucus for ∼1-4 h, dependent upon decay constant values, and traverse to the epithelium, no NP penetration was observed in the stroma. In contrast, NPs modified with 3% PEG, exhibited prolonged retention in each compartment, remaining for ∼4-6 h. Moreover, a significant concentration of NPs is observed in the stroma, indicating a transition in transport behavior. For NPs modified with 5, 8, or 25% PEG, steady retention profiles were noted, which gradually decline over 24 h. To supplement this modeling study and to develop a more representative experimental system that may be useful in future work, we report on the feasibility of constructing single and multicellular layered (MCL) culture systems to represent the epithelial and stromal tissue of the FRT. We anticipate that a combined mathematical/experimental approach may longer term enable prediction and customization of patient tissue-specific approaches to attain effective NP-mediated drug delivery and release for the treatment of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hunter A Miller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael E Halwes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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De Los Reyes-Berbel E, Salto-Gonzalez R, Ortega-Muñoz M, Reche-Perez FJ, Jodar-Reyes AB, Hernandez-Mateo F, Giron-Gonzalez MD, Santoyo-Gonzalez F. PEI-NIR Heptamethine Cyanine Nanotheranostics for Tumor Targeted Gene Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:2561-2575. [PMID: 29953208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-based nanotheranostics are appealing tools for cancer treatment and diagnosis in the fast-growing field of nanomedicine. A straightforward preparation of novel engineered PEI-based nanotheranostics incorporating NIR fluorescence heptamethine cyanine dyes (NIRF-HC) to enable them with tumor targeted gene delivery capabilities is reported. Branched PEI-2 kDa (b2kPEI) is conjugated with IR-780 and IR-783 dyes by both covalent and noncovalent simple preparative methodologies varying their stoichiometry ratio. The as-prepared set of PEI-NIR-HC nanocarriers are assayed in vitro and in vivo to evaluate their gene transfection efficiency, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, internalization and trafficking mechanisms, subcellular distribution, and tumor specific gene delivery. The results show the validity of the approach particularly for one of the covalent IR783-b2kPEI conjugates that exhibit an enhanced tumor uptake, probably mediated by organic anion transporting peptides, and favorable intracellular transport to the nucleus. The compound behaves as an efficient nanotheranostic transfection agent in NSG mice bearing melanoma G361 xenographs with concomitant imaging signal and gene concentration in the targeted tumor. By this way, advanced nanotheranostics with multifunctional capabilities (gene delivery, tumor-specific targeting, and NIR fluorescence imaging) are generated in which the NIRF-HC dye component accounts for simultaneous targeting and diagnostics, avoiding additional incorporation of additional tumor-specific targeting bioligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo De Los Reyes-Berbel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Rafael Salto-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Mariano Ortega-Muñoz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco Jose Reche-Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Belen Jodar-Reyes
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Fernando Hernandez-Mateo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Giron-Gonzalez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
| | - Francisco Santoyo-Gonzalez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biotechnology Institute, Faculty of Sciences , University of Granada , 18071 Granada , Spain
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47
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Li Z, Wang Z, Du X, Shi C, Cui X. Sonochemistry-Assembled Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Microcapsules for Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018. [PMID: 29527834 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymer microcapsules (PMs) fabricated by the sonochemical method have emerged for developing useful drug delivery systems, and the latest developments are mainly focusing on the synthetic strategies and properties such as structure, size, stability, loading capacity, drug delivery, and release. There, the primary attribution of sonochemistry is to offer a simple and practical approach for the preparation of PMs. Structure, size, stability, and properties of PMs are designed mainly according to synthetic materials, implementation schemes, or specific demands. Numerous functionalities of PMs based on different stimuli are demonstrated: targeting motion in a magnetic field or adhering to the living cells with sensitive sites through molecular recognition, and stimuli-triggered release including enzymatic catalysis, chemical reaction as well as physical or mechanical process. The current review discusses the basic principles and mechanisms of stimuli effects, and describes the progress in the application such as targeted drug systems and controlled drug systems, and also gives an outlook on the future challenges and opportunities for drug delivery and theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile; The Growing Base for State Key Laboratory; Qingdao University; 266071 Qingdao China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; 130012 Changchun China
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48
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Approaches in Polymeric Nanoparticles for Vaginal Drug Delivery: A Review of the State of the Art. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061549. [PMID: 29882846 PMCID: PMC6032388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina is a region of administration with a high contact surface to obtain local or systemic effects. This anatomical area represents special interest for government health systems for different sexually transmitted infections. However, the chemical changes of the vagina, as well as its abundant mucus in continuous exchange, act as a barrier and a challenge for the development of new drugs. For these purposes, the development of new pharmaceutical forms based on nanoparticles has been shown to offer various advantages, such as bioadhesion, easy penetration of the mucosa, and controlled release, in addition to decreasing the adverse effects of conventional pharmaceutical forms. In order to obtain nanoparticles for vaginal administration, the use of polymers of natural and synthetic origin including biodegradable and non-biodegradable systems have gained great interest both in nanospheres and in nanocapsules. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the development of nanotechnology for vaginal drug release, analyzing the different compositions of polymeric nanoparticles, and emphasizing new trends in each of the sections presented. At the end of this review, a section analyzes the properties of the vehicles employed for the administration of nanoparticles and discusses how to take advantage of the properties that they offer. This review aims to be a reference guide for new formulators interested in the vaginal route.
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Sims LB, Frieboes HB, Steinbach-Rankins JM. Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to treat infections in the female reproductive tract: evaluation of experimental systems and the potential for mathematical modeling. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2709-2727. [PMID: 29760551 PMCID: PMC5937491 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s160044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of drug-delivery platforms have been employed to deliver therapeutic agents across cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) and the vaginal mucosa, offering the capability to increase the longevity and retention of active agents to treat infections of the female reproductive tract (FRT). Nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to improve retention, diffusion, and cell-specific targeting via specific surface modifications, relative to other delivery platforms. In particular, polymeric NPs represent a promising option that has shown improved distribution through the CVM. These NPs are typically fabricated from nontoxic, non-inflammatory, US Food and Drug Administration-approved polymers that improve biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent experimental studies that have evaluated NP transport in the FRT, and highlights research areas that more thoroughly and efficiently inform polymeric NP design, including mathematical modeling. An overview of the in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo NP studies conducted to date – whereby transport parameters are determined, extrapolated, and validated – is presented first. The impact of different NP design features on transport through the FRT is summarized, and gaps that exist due to the limitations of iterative experimentation alone are identified. The potential of mathematical modeling to complement the characterization and evaluation of diffusion and transport of delivery vehicles and active agents through the CVM and mucosa is discussed. Lastly, potential advancements combining experimental and mathematical knowledge are suggested to inform next-generation NP designs, such that infections in the FRT may be more effectively treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee B Sims
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Chaves PDS, Frank LA, Frank AG, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Beck RCR. Mucoadhesive Properties of Eudragit®RS100, Eudragit®S100, and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanocapsules: Influence of the Vehicle and the Mucosal Surface. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1637-1646. [PMID: 29500762 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-0968-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of polymers as mucoadhesive materials has been explored in several drug delivery systems. It is well known that the resulting mucoadhesiveness not only depends on the polymers by themselves, but also on the way they are delivered and on the application target. However, little attention has been given to the combined effect of such characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the mucoadhesion resulting from combined effects of nanocapsules produced with polymers of different ionic properties, Eudragit®RS100, Eudragit®S100, or poly(ε-caprolactone), when they are incorporated into different vehicles (suspension, hydrogel, and powder) and applied on different mucosal surfaces (mucin, porcine vaginal, and buccal mucosa). Mucoadhesion was measured by a tensile stress tester. Our findings show that polymeric self-assembling as nanocapsules improved the mucoadhesion of the polymers. Eudragit®RS100 nanocapsules have the best performance, independently of the vehicle and surface used. Regarding the vehicle, hydrogels showed higher adhesion when compared to suspensions and powders. When considering different types of surfaces, mucin presented a similar pattern like the animal mucosa, but it overestimated the mucoadhesiveness of all formulations. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the best strategy to achieve high mucoadhesive formulations is by incorporating Eudragit®RS100 nanocapsules in hydrogels. Moreover, mucin is a suitable substrate to compare and screen different formulations but not as a conclusive estimation of the mucoadhesion values that can be achieved. These results are summarized in a decision tree that can help to understand different strategies of combination of these factors and the expected outcomes.
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