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García-Silva S, Peinado H. Mechanisms of lymph node metastasis: An extracellular vesicle perspective. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151447. [PMID: 39116620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In several solid tumors such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer or melanoma, tumor draining lymph nodes are the earliest tissues where colonization by tumor cells is detected. Lymph nodes act as sentinels of metastatic dissemination, the deadliest phase of tumor progression. Besides hematogenous dissemination, lymphatic spread of tumor cells has been demonstrated, adding more complexity to the mechanisms involved in metastasis. A network of blood and lymphatic vessels surrounds tumors providing routes for tumor soluble factors to mediate regional and long-distance effects. Additionally, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly small EVs/exosomes, have been shown to circulate through the blood and lymph, favoring the formation of pre-metastatic niches in the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) and distant organs. In this review, we present an overview of the relevance of lymph node metastasis, the structural and immune changes occurring in TDLNs during tumor progression, and how extracellular vesicles contribute to modulating some of these alterations while promoting the formation of lymph node pre-metastatic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Héctor Peinado
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Tang Y, Liu B, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Fan W. Interactions between nanoparticles and lymphatic systems: Mechanisms and applications in drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115304. [PMID: 38599495 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has garnered significant attention in drug delivery research due to the advantages it offers, such as enhancing systemic exposure and enabling lymph node targeting for nanomedicines via the lymphatic delivery route. The journey of drug carriers involves transport from the administration site to the lymphatic vessels, traversing the lymph before entering the bloodstream or targeting specific lymph nodes. However, the anatomical and physiological barriers of the lymphatic system play a pivotal role in influencing the behavior and efficiency of carriers. To expedite research and subsequent clinical translation, this review begins by introducing the composition and classification of the lymphatic system. Subsequently, we explore the routes and mechanisms through which nanoparticles enter lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. The review further delves into the interactions between nanomedicine and body fluids at the administration site or within lymphatic vessels. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in lymphatic delivery systems, addressing the challenges and opportunities inherent in current systems for delivering macromolecules and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Bao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528437, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wufa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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3
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Son B, Park S, Cho S, Kim JA, Baek SH, Yoo KH, Han D, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Improved Neural Inductivity of Size-Controlled 3D Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0011. [PMID: 38500782 PMCID: PMC10944702 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the efficiency of neural development from human embryonic stem cells, human embryoid body (hEB) generation is vital through 3-dimensional formation. However, conventional approaches still have limitations: long-term cultivation and laborious steps for lineage determination. Methods: In this study, we controlled the size of hEBs for ectodermal lineage specification using cell-penetrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which resulted in reduced time required for initial neural induction. The magnetized cells were applied to concentrated magnetic force for magnet-derived multicellular organization. The uniformly sized hEBs were differentiated in neural induction medium (NIM) and suspended condition. This neurally induced MNP-hEBs were compared with other groups. Results: As a result, the uniformly sized MNP-hEBs in NIM showed significantly improved neural inductivity through morphological analysis and expression of neural markers. Signaling pathways of the accelerated neural induction were detected via expression of representative proteins; Wnt signaling, dopaminergic neuronal pathway, intercellular communications, and mechanotransduction. Consequently, we could shorten the time necessary for early neurogenesis, thereby enhancing the neural induction efficiency. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests not only the importance of size regulation of hEBs at initial differentiation stage but also the efficacy of MNP-based neural induction method and stimulations for enhanced neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Dongoh Han
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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4
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Lehmann TP, Golik M, Olejnik J, Łukaszewska M, Markowska D, Drożdżyńska M, Kotecki A, Głowacki M, Jagodziński PP. Potential applications of using tissue-specific EVs in targeted therapy and vaccinology. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115308. [PMID: 37660644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cell types secrete spherical membrane bodies classified as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs participate in intercellular communication and are present in body fluids, including blood, lymph, and cerebrospinal fluid. The time of EVs survival in the body varies depending on the body's localisation. Once the EVs reach cells, they trigger a cellular response. Three main modes of direct interaction of EVs with a target cell were described: receptor-ligand interaction mode, a direct fusion of EVs with the cellular membrane and EVs internalisation. Studies focused on the medical application of EVs. Medical application of EVs may require modification of their surface and interior. EVs surface was modified by affecting the parental cells or by the direct amendment of isolated EVs. The interior modification involved introducing materials into the cells or direct administrating isolated EVs. EVs carry proteins, lipids, fragments of DNA, mRNA, microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA. Because of EVs availability in liquid biopsy, they are potential diagnostic markers. Modified EVs could enhance the treatment of diseases such as colorectal cancer, Parkinson's disease, leukaemia or liver fibrosis. EVs have specific tissue tropisms, which makes them convenient organ-directed carriers of nucleic acids, drugs and vaccines. In conclusion, recently published works have shown that EVs could become biomarkers and modern vehicles of advanced drug forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Lehmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marta Golik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Olejnik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marianna Łukaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dominika Markowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksander Kotecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Głowacki
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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Pu T, Liu Y, Pei Y, Peng J, Wang Z, Du M, Liu Q, Zhong F, Zhang M, Li F, Xu C, Zhang X. NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging for the Detection and Resection of Cancerous Foci and Lymph Nodes in Early-Stage Orthotopic and Advanced-Stage Metastatic Ovarian Cancer Models. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37385963 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c04949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality rate of ovarian cancer can be primarily attributed to late diagnosis and early lymph node (LN) metastasis. The anatomically deep-located ovaries own intricate anatomical structures and lymphatic drainages that compromise the resolution and sensitivity of near-infrared first-window (NIR-I) fluorescence imaging. Reported NIR-II imaging studies of ovarian cancer focused on late-stage metastasis detection via the intraperitoneal xenograft model. However, given the significant improvement in patient survival associated with early-stage cancer detection, locating tumors that are restricted within the ovary is equally crucial. We obtained the polymer nanoparticles with bright near-infrared-II fluorescence (NIR-II NPs) by nanoprecipitation of DSPE-PEG, one of the ingredients of FDA-approved nanoparticle products, and benzobisthiadiazole, an organic NIR-II dye. The one-step synthesis and safe component lay the groundwork for its clinical translation. Benefiting from the NIR-II emission (∼1060 nm), NIR-II NPs enabled a high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio (13.4) visualization of early-stage orthotopic ovarian tumors with NIR-II fluorescence imaging for the first time. Imaging with orthotopic xenograft allows a more accurate mimic of human ovarian cancer origin, thereby addressing the dilemma of translating existing nanoprobe preclinical research by providing the nano-bio interactions with early local tumor environments. After PEGylation, the desirable-sized probe (∼80 nm) exhibited high lymphophilicity and relatively extended circulation. NIR-II NPs maintained their accurate detection of orthotopic tumors, tumor-regional LNs, and minuscule (<1 mm) disseminated peritoneal metastases simultaneously (with S/N ratios all above 5) in mice with advanced-stage cancer in real time ∼36 h after systematic delivery. With NIR-II fluorescence guidance, we achieved accurate surgical staging in tumor-bearing mice and complete tumor removal comparable to clinical practice, which provides preclinical data for translating NIR-II fluorescence image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuetian Pei
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ming Du
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qiyu Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fangfang Zhong
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mingxing Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Fuyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
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Cheng Z, Ma J, Yin L, Yu L, Yuan Z, Zhang B, Tian J, Du Y. Non-invasive molecular imaging for precision diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes: opportunities from preclinical to clinical applications. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1111-1133. [PMID: 36443568 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is an indicator of the invasiveness and aggressiveness of cancer. It is a vital prognostic factor in clinical staging of the disease and therapeutic decision-making. Patients with positive metastatic lymph nodes are likely to develop recurrent disease, distant metastasis, and succumb to death in the coming few years. Lymph node dissection and histological analysis are needed to detect whether regional lymph nodes have been infiltrated by cancer cells and determine the likely outcome of treatment and the patient's chances of survival. However, these procedures are invasive, and tissue biopsies are prone to sampling error. In recent years, advanced molecular imaging with novel imaging probes has provided new technologies that are contributing to comprehensive management of cancer, including non-invasive investigation of lymphatic drainage from tumors, identifying metastatic lymph nodes, and guiding surgeons to operate efficiently in patients with complex lesions. In this review, first, we outline the current status of different molecular imaging modalities applied for lymph node metastasis management. Second, we summarize the multi-functional imaging probes applied with the different imaging modalities as well as applications of cancer lymph node metastasis from preclinical studies to clinical translations. Third, we describe the limitations that must be considered in the field of molecular imaging for improved detection of lymph node metastasis. Finally, we propose future directions for molecular imaging technology that will allow more personalized treatment plans for patients with lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiaojiao Ma
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road 2#, ChaoYang Dist., Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lin Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Leyi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Yinghua East Road 2#, ChaoYang Dist., Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
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7
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Benito-Martín A, Jasiulionis MG, García-Silva S. Extracellular vesicles and melanoma: New perspectives on tumor microenvironment and metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1061982. [PMID: 36704194 PMCID: PMC9871288 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer particles without functional nucleus naturally released from cells which constitute an intercellular communication system. There is a broad spectrum of vesicles shed by cells based on their physical properties such as size (small EVs and large EVs), biogenesis, cargo and functions, which provide an increasingly heterogenous landscape. In addition, they are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. In cancer, EV release is opted by tumor cells as a beneficial process for tumor progression. Cutaneous melanoma is a cancer that originates from the melanocyte lineage and shows a favorable prognosis at early stages. However, when melanoma cells acquire invasive capacity, it constitutes the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. In this context, extracellular vesicles have been shown their relevance in facilitating melanoma progression through the modulation of the microenvironment and metastatic spreading. In agreement with the melanosome secretory capacity of melanocytes, melanoma cells display an enhanced EV shedding activity that has contributed to the utility of melanoma models for unravelling EV cargo and functions within a cancer scenario. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of the characteristics of melanoma-derived EVs and their role in melanoma progression highlighting key advances and remaining open questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benito-Martín
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio (UAX), Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
| | - Susana García-Silva
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Laboratory, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Alberto Benito-Martín, ; Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis, ; Susana García-Silva,
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8
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Zeng Y, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Yao X, He X, Li L, Fu B, Liu X. Biological Features of Extracellular Vesicles and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816698. [PMID: 35813192 PMCID: PMC9263222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane on the outside, which are widely found in various body fluids and contain biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, lipids and proteins on the inside. EVs were once thought to be vesicles for the removal of waste materials, but are now known to be involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes in many diseases. This study examines the advantage of EVs and the challenges associated with their application. A more rational use of the advantageous properties of EVs such as composition specificity, specific targeting, circulatory stability, active penetration of biological barriers, high efficient drug delivery vehicles and anticancer vaccines, oxidative phosphorylation activity and enzymatic activity, and the resolution of shortcomings such as isolation and purification methods, storage conditions and pharmacokinetics and biodistribution patterns during drug delivery will facilitate the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Zeng, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling He
- Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingmei Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Zeng, ; Xiaoheng Liu,
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9
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Singh N, Handa M, Singh V, Kesharwani P, Shukla R. Lymphatic targeting for therapeutic application using nanoparticulate systems. J Drug Target 2022; 30:1017-1033. [PMID: 35722764 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has grasped attention of researchers to a greater extent. The conventional methods of lymphatic delivery are now being modified to include nanotechnology to enhance the targeting of the drug at the specific pathological site. Scientists have worked successfully on different drug loaded nanocarriers that are modulated for the lymphatic system targeting for the treatment of various fatal diseases. Huge strides have been made in methods of delivery of these drugs either individually or in combination along with nanoparticles, therapeutic genes, and vaccines. However, the products introduced for commercial use are almost near nil. Altogether, there are challenges that need to be resolved and studies that are meant to be done for further improvements. The current review focuses on the understanding and pathophysiology of the lymphatic system and changes that occur during disease, drug characteristics, and physicochemical parameters that influence the lymphatic uptake of drugs and different nanocarriers. We further highlight different potential results obtained over the years with nanocarriers and other delivery methods to effectively target the lymphatic system for their therapeutic application. The challenges and drawbacks governing the lack of products available clinically have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P, India-226002
| | - Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P, India-226002
| | - Vanshikha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India-110062
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, U.P, India-226002
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10
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Li X, Li J, Lu S, Li Y, Ren P, Zhang C, Xiong L. Imaging of fluorescent polymer dots in relation to channels and immune cells in the lymphatic system. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100317. [PMID: 35757035 PMCID: PMC9213818 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer dots (Pdots) have been applied to imaging lymph nodes (LNs) and lymphatic vessels (LVs) in living mice and rats. However, the mechanism of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of Pdots in LNs and LVs is still unclear. Therefore, the relationship between Pdots and immune cells, LVs and collagen fibers in lymphatics was studied by multiple in vivo and ex vivo microscopic imaging methods and detection techniques. Flow cytometry showed that Pdots could be phagocytosed by macrophages and monocytes, and had no relationship with B cells, T cells and dendric cells in LNs. Silver staining, immunofluorescence and two-photon microscope showed that Pdots gathered in collagen fibers and LVs of LNs. Furthermore, immunofluorescence imaging results verified that Pdots were distributed in the extracellular space of collecting LVs endothelial cells. In addition, Pdots in the collecting LVs were basically cleared by leaking into the surrounding tissue or draining LNs after 21 days of injection. During the long-time observation, Pdots also helped monitor the contraction frequency and variation range of LV. Our study lays a foundation on the research of Pdots as the carrier to study lymphatic structure and function in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Juxiang Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Jingru Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Shuting Lu
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Yuqiao Li
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Panting Ren
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Liqin Xiong
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Center for Medical Equipment and Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
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11
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Satchi-Fainaro R, Florindo HF, Vicent MJ. Clinically-relevant and predictive cancer models for nanomedicine evaluation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114140. [PMID: 35134434 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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12
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Targeting nanoparticles to malignant tumors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Chen LL, Zhao L, Wang ZG, Liu SL, Pang DW. Near-Infrared-II Quantum Dots for In Vivo Imaging and Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104567. [PMID: 34837314 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo fluorescence imaging can perform real-time, noninvasive, and high spatiotemporal resolution imaging to accurately obtain the dynamic biological information in vivo, which plays significant roles in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, traditional in vivo fluorescence imaging usually operates in the visible and near-infrared (NIR)-I windows, which are severely interfered by the strong tissue absorption, tissue scattering, and autofluorescence. The emergence of NIR-II imaging at 1000-1700 nm significantly breaks through the imaging limitations in deep tissues, due to less tissue scattering and absorption. Benefiting from the outstanding optical properties of NIR-II quantum dots (QDs), such as high brightness and good photostability, in vivo fluorescence imaging exhibits excellent temporal-spatial resolution and large penetration depth, and QDs have become a kind of promising fluorescent biomarkers in the field of in vivo fluorescence imaging. Herein, the authors review NIR-II QDs from preparation to modification, and summarize recent applications of NIR-II QDs, including in vivo imaging and imaging-guided therapies. Finally, they discuss the special concerns when NIR-II QDs are shifted from in vivo imaging applications to further in-depth applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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14
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Ma Z, Foda MF, Zhao Y, Han H. Multifunctional Nanosystems with Enhanced Cellular Uptake for Tumor Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101703. [PMID: 34626528 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of nanotechnology provides promising strategies in biomedicine, especially in tumor therapy. In particular, the cellular uptake of nanosystems is not only a basic premise to realize various biomedical applications, but also a fatal factor for determining the final therapeutic effect. Thus, a systematic and comprehensive summary is necessary to overview the recent research progress on the improvement of nanosystem cellular uptake for cancer treatment. According to the process of nanosystems entering the body, they can be classified into three categories. The first segment is to enhance the accumulation and permeation of nanosystems to tumor cells through extracellular microenvironment stimulation. The second segment is to improve cellular internalization from extracellular to intracellular via active targeting. The third segment is to enhance the intracellular retention of therapeutics by subcellular localization. The major factors in the delivery can be utilized to develop multifunctional nanosystems for strengthening the tumor therapy. Ultimately, the key challenges and prospective in the emerging research frontier are thoroughly outlined. This review is expected to provide inspiring ideas, promising strategies and potential pathways for developing advanced anticancer nanosystems in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Mohamed F. Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Agriculture Benha University Moshtohor Toukh 13736 Egypt
| | - Yanli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan Hubei 430070 P. R. China
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15
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