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Jain D, Meena M, Janmeda P, Seth CS, Arora J. Analysis of Quantitative Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Leaf, Stem, and Bark of Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1425. [PMID: 38891234 PMCID: PMC11174610 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, there was no prior report providing valuable preliminary data through a demonstration of the quantitative phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Gymnosporia senegalensis. The total contents of phenols, flavonoid, flavanol, tannin, and saponin were evaluated from different fractions extracted from the leaf, stem, and bark of G. senegalensis by using standards such as gallic acid, quercetin, rutin, tannic acid, and saponin quillaja. The antioxidant potential was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide scavenging (H2O2), superoxide anion radical scavenging, metal chelating ferrous ion, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Data were subjected to half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at p < 0.05 as a significant value. The total phenol content was found to be highest in the chloroform extract of stem at 97.7 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g. The total flavonoid and flavonol contents in the aqueous extract were 97.1 ± 0.03 mg QE/g and 96.7 ± 0.07 mg RE/g, respectively. The total tannin content in the ethyl acetate extract of leaf was 97.5 ± 0.01 mg TAE/g, and the total saponin content in the methanol extract of stem was 79.1 ± 0.06 mg SQE/g. The antioxidant analysis indicated that IC50 and percentage (%) inhibition were dose-dependent and showed the highest antioxidant activity (40.9 ± 0.9 µg/mL) in methanol extract of leaf for DPPH, (88.8 ± 1.12 µg/mL) in the chloroform extract of stem for H2O2, (43.9 ± 0.15 µg/mL) in the aqueous extract of bark for superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, (26.9 ± 0.11 µg/mL) in the chloroform extract of leaf for the metal chelating ferrous ion activity, (7.55 ± 0.10 mg/mL) in the benzene extract of leaf for FRAP, and (2.97 ± 0.01 mg/mL) in the methanol extract of bark for TAC. These results show that G. senegalensis has great potential in antioxidant activities. The isolation and characterization of specific bioactive compounds and the in vivo applicability of such activity await further extensive studies for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India;
| | | | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
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Huang L, Luo S, Tong S, Lv Z, Wu J. The development of nanocarriers for natural products. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1967. [PMID: 38757428 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural bioactive compounds from plants exhibit substantial pharmacological potency and therapeutic value. However, the development of most plant bioactive compounds is hindered by low solubility and instability. Conventional pharmaceutical forms, such as tablets and capsules, only partially overcome these limitations, restricting their efficacy. With the recent development of nanotechnology, nanocarriers can enhance the bioavailability, stability, and precise intracellular transport of plant bioactive compounds. Researchers are increasingly integrating nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) into the development of natural plant compounds with significant success. Moreover, natural products benefit from nanotechnological enhancement and contribute to the innovation and optimization of nanocarriers via self-assembly, grafting modifications, and biomimetic designs. This review aims to elucidate the collaborative and reciprocal advancement achieved by integrating nanocarriers with botanical products, such as bioactive compounds, polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular vesicles. This review underscores the salient challenges in nanomedicine, encompassing long-term safety evaluations of nanomedicine formulations, precise targeting mechanisms, biodistribution complexities, and hurdles in clinical translation. Further, this study provides new perspectives to leverage nanotechnology in promoting the development and optimization of natural plant products for nanomedical applications and guiding the progression of NDDS toward enhanced efficiency, precision, and safety. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shicui Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Sen Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Yunnan First People's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Li Q, Lianghao Y, Shijie G, Zhiyi W, Yuanting T, Cong C, Chun-Qin Z, Xianjun F. Self-assembled nanodrug delivery systems for anti-cancer drugs from traditional Chinese medicine. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1662-1692. [PMID: 38411151 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a combination of raw herbs and herbal extracts with a plethora of documented beneficial bioactivities, which has unique advantages in anti-tumor therapy, and many of its major bioactive molecules have been identified in recent years due to advances in chemical separation and structural analysis. However, the major chemical classes of plant-derived bioactive compounds frequently possess chemical properties, including poor water solubility, stability, and bioavailability, that limit their therapeutic application. Alternatively, natural small molecules (NSMs) containing these components possess modifiable groups, multiple action sites, hydrophobic side chains, and a rigid skeleton with self-assembly properties that can be exploited to construct self-assembled nanoparticles with therapeutic effects superior to their individual constituents. For instance, the construction of a self-assembled nanodrug delivery system can effectively overcome the strong hydrophobicity and poor in vivo stability of NSMs, thereby greatly improving their bioavailability and enhancing their anti-tumor efficacy. This review summarizes the self-assembly methods, mechanisms, and applications of a variety of NSMs, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and saponins, providing a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on NSMs and the development of SANDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Li
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Lianghao
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Gao Shijie
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhiyi
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Tang Yuanting
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cong
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Chun-Qin
- Academy of Chinese Medicine Literature and Culture, Key Laboratory of Classical Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, PR China.
| | - Fu Xianjun
- Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Centre, Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266114, P. R. China.
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Fu S, Yang X. Recent advances in natural small molecules as drug delivery systems. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4584-4599. [PMID: 37084077 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are a multidisciplinary approach toward the effective delivery of drugs to their target sites. Natural small molecule (NSM) compounds with anticancer activity, self-assembly and co-assembly functions show great potential for application as novel DDSs in the biomedical field. NSMs are widely sourced, have many modification sites, and readily form hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, van der Waals interactions, and other non-covalent bonds in solvents, resulting in ordered structures. Moreover, their good biocompatibility and bioactivity allow compositions based on these compounds to be used in life science applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and cell imaging, showing the potential medical value of NSMs as DDSs. In this review, we summarise the role, assembly principles and applications of natural products such as triterpenoids, diterpenoids, sterols, alkaloids and polysaccharides in the construction of small molecule systems, which are expected to provide an important reference for the development of more active natural nanomaterials and the study of single or multi-component interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Fu
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, China
- Chongqing Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 188 Jihuayuan South Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401135, China
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Qiao H, Zhang J, Cheng YC. Preface: Phyto-derived nanomedicines for therapeutics, imaging and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114668. [PMID: 36503066 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jinming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yung-Chi Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Overview of Antimicrobial Biodegradable Polyester-Based Formulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032945. [PMID: 36769266 PMCID: PMC9917530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
As the clinical complications induced by microbial infections are known to have life-threatening side effects, conventional anti-infective therapy is necessary, but not sufficient to overcome these issues. Some of their limitations are connected to drug-related inefficiency or resistance and pathogen-related adaptive modifications. Therefore, there is an urgent need for advanced antimicrobials and antimicrobial devices. A challenging, yet successful route has been the development of new biostatic or biocide agents and biomaterials by considering the indisputable advantages of biopolymers. Polymers are attractive materials due to their physical and chemical properties, such as compositional and structural versatility, tunable reactivity, solubility and degradability, and mechanical and chemical tunability, together with their intrinsic biocompatibility and bioactivity, thus enabling the fabrication of effective pharmacologically active antimicrobial formulations. Besides representing protective or potentiating carriers for conventional drugs, biopolymers possess an impressive ability for conjugation or functionalization. These aspects are key for avoiding malicious side effects or providing targeted and triggered drug delivery (specific and selective cellular targeting), and generally to define their pharmacological efficacy. Moreover, biopolymers can be processed in different forms (particles, fibers, films, membranes, or scaffolds), which prove excellent candidates for modern anti-infective applications. This review contains an overview of antimicrobial polyester-based formulations, centered around the effect of the dimensionality over the properties of the material and the effect of the production route or post-processing actions.
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Liu S, Liu H, Zhang L, Ma C, Abd El-Aty AM. Edible pentacyclic triterpenes: A review of their sources, bioactivities, bioavailability, self-assembly behavior, and emerging applications as functional delivery vehicles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5203-5219. [PMID: 36476115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Edible pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are a group of nutraceutical ingredients commonly distributed in human diets. Existing evidence has proven that they have various biological functions, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities, making them as "functional factor" for a long time. However, their properties of strong hydrophobicity, poor permeability, poor absorption, and rapid metabolism result in low oral bioavailability, which dramatically hinders their efficacy for use. Recently, free PTs have successively been found to self-assemble or co-assemble into self-contained nanostructures with enhanced water dispersibility and oral bioavailability, which seems to be an efficient processing method for increased oral efficacy. Of particular interest, formulating them into nanostructures can also be introduced as functional delivery carriers for bioactive compounds or drugs with various advantages, such as improved stability, controlled release, enhanced oral bioavailability, synergistic bioactivity, and targeted delivery. This review systematically summarized the chemical structures, plant sources, bioactivities, absorption, metabolism, and oral bioavailability of PTs. Notably, we emphasized their self-assembly properties and emerging role as functional delivery carriers for nutrients, suggesting that PT nanostructures are not only efficient oral forms when introduced into foods but also functional delivery materials for nutrients to expand their commercial food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Biochemistry of Antioxidants: Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Applications. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123051. [PMID: 36551806 PMCID: PMC9776363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants from fruits and vegetables, meats, eggs and fish protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals. They are widely used to reduce food loss and waste, minimizing lipid oxidation, as well as for their effects on health through pharmaceutical preparations. In fact, the use of natural antioxidants is among the main efforts made to relieve the pressure on natural resources and to move towards more sustainable food and pharmaceutical systems. Alternative food waste management approaches include the valorization of by-products as a source of phenolic compounds for functional food formulations. In this review, we will deal with the chemistry of antioxidants, including their molecular structures and reaction mechanisms. The biochemical aspects will also be reviewed, including the effects of acidity and temperature on their partitioning in binary and multiphasic systems. The poor bioavailability of antioxidants remains a huge constraint for clinical applications, and we will briefly describe some delivery systems that provide for enhanced pharmacological action of antioxidants via drug targeting and increased bioavailability. The pharmacological activity of antioxidants can be improved by designing nanotechnology-based formulations, and recent nanoformulations include nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, liposomes/proliposomes, phytosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles, all showing promising outcomes in improving the efficiency and bioavailability of antioxidants. Finally, an overview of the pharmacological effects, therapeutic properties and future choice of antioxidants will be incorporated.
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Zhang S, Peng B, Chen Z, Yu J, Deng G, Bao Y, Ma C, Du F, Sheu WC, Kimberly WT, Simard JM, Coman D, Chen Q, Hyder F, Zhou J, Sheth KN. Brain-targeting, acid-responsive antioxidant nanoparticles for stroke treatment and drug delivery. Bioact Mater 2022; 16:57-65. [PMID: 35386312 PMCID: PMC8958421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability. Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this disease, which can be partially attributed to the inability to efficiently deliver therapeutics to the brain. Here we report the development of natural compound-derived nanoparticles (NPs), which function both as a potent therapeutic agent for stroke treatment and as an efficient carrier for drug delivery to the ischemic brain. First, we screened a collection of natural nanomaterials and identified betulinic acid (BA) as one of the most potent antioxidants for stroke treatment. Next, we engineered BA NPs for preferential drug release in acidic ischemic tissue through chemically converting BA to betulinic amine (BAM) and for targeted drug delivery through surface conjugation of AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist. The resulting AMD3100-conjugated BAM NPs, or A-BAM NPs, were then assessed as a therapeutic agent for stroke treatment and as a carrier for delivery of NA1, a neuroprotective peptide. We show that intravenous administration of A-BAM NPs effectively improved recovery from stroke and its efficacy was further enhanced when NA1 was encapsulated. Due to their multifunctionality and significant efficacy, we anticipate that A-BAM NPs have the potential to be translated both as a therapeutic agent and as a drug carrier to improve the treatment of stroke.
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Key Words
- A-BAM NPs, A-BAM NPs
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- Acid-triggered release
- Antioxidant nanoparticles
- BA, betulinic acid
- BAM, betulinic amine
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- BIRDS, biosensor imaging of redundant deviation in shifts
- BT, ß-sitosterol
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DTA, dehydrotrametenolic acid
- DYDA, diketohydrindylidene diketohydrindamine
- Drug delivery
- GA, glycyrrhetic acid
- Ischemic stroke
- LCMS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- LP, lupeol
- MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion
- NA1
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- NP, nanoparticle
- OA, oleanolic acid
- PAA, poricoic acid
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- SA, sumaresinolic acid
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- ST, stigmasterol
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride
- UA, ursolic acid
- tPA, tissue-type plasminogen activator
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, USA
| | | | | | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neurocritical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, USA
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, USA
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Ye Z, Gao L, Cai J, Wang Y, Li Y, Tong S, Yan T, Sun Q, Qi Y, Xu Y, Jiang H, Zhang S, Zhao L, Zhang S, Chen Q. Esterase-responsive and size-optimized prodrug nanoparticles for effective intracranial drug delivery and glioblastoma treatment. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2022; 44:102581. [PMID: 35811067 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the intracranial malignancy with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy is often ineffective against GBM due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB); however, the application of nanotechnology is expected to overcome this limitation. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a degradable and nontoxic functional polymer with good biocompatibility that is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Previous studies have shown that the ability of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) to penetrate the BBB is largely determined by their size; however, determination of the optimal PLGA NP size requires further research. Here, we report a tandutinib-based prodrug (proTan), which responds to the GBM microenvironment, that was combined with NPs to overcome the BBB. AMD3100-PLGA NPs loaded with proTan inhibited tumor growth and effectively prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Lun Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shiao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Tengfeng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yangzhi Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Hongxiang Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China.
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Recent Advancement in Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Improved Oral Bioavailability and Bioactivity of Phytochemicals: Challenges and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13224036. [PMID: 34833334 PMCID: PMC8617804 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The excellent therapeutic potential of a variety of phytochemicals in different diseases has been proven by extensive studies throughout history. However, most phytochemicals are characterized by a high molecular weight, poor aqueous solubility, limited gastrointestinal permeability, extensive pre-systemic metabolism, and poor stability in the harsh gastrointestinal milieu. Therefore, loading of these phytochemicals in biodegradable and biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) might be an effective approach to improve their bioactivity. Different nanocarrier systems have been developed in recent decades to deliver phytochemicals. Among them, NPs based on chitosan (CS) (CS-NPs), a mucoadhesive, non-toxic, and biodegradable polysaccharide, are considered the best nanoplatform for the oral delivery of phytochemicals. This review highlights the oral delivery of natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, encapsulated in NPs prepared from a natural polymer, i.e., CS, for improved bioavailability and bioactivity. The unique properties of CS for oral delivery such as its mucoadhesiveness, non-toxicity, excellent stability in the harsh environment of the GIT, good solubility in slightly acidic and alkaline conditions, and ability to enhance intestinal permeability are discussed first, and then the outcomes of various phytochemical-loaded CS-NPs after oral administration are discussed in detail. Furthermore, different challenges associated with the oral delivery of phytochemicals with CS-NPs and future directions are also discussed.
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