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Ding H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Wang D, Lv L, Wan Q, Tong M, Deng C, Xu H, Zu B, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Sheng H. A new risk factor for coronary artery disease can be detected by an ApoA1 mAb-based assay. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117700. [PMID: 38072299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to find coronary artery disease (CAD) related apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the assay based on it. METHODS Patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary angiography (disease group, n = 180) and healthy subjects (control group, n = 199) were recruited. The correlation between methods and CAD were evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the auxiliary diagnostic value of methods for CAD. Odds ratios (ORs) of the test results in CAD were estimated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Measurements from an ApoA1 mAb were found significantly positively correlated with CAD (r = 0.243, P < 0.01), unlike the measurements from the ApoA1 pAb were negatively correlated with CAD (r = -0.341, P < 0.001). The areas under the ROC curve of the ApoA1 mAb and pAb measurements were 0.704 and 0.563, respectively, in patients with normal HDL-C levels. ApoA1 values from the mAb assay had a significant positive impact on CAD risk. CONCLUSION An ApoA1 mAb-based assay can distinguish a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass positively related to CAD, which can be used to improve and reappraise CAD risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Lida Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Liangjie Lv
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Qianli Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Minghong Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chenxia Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Huihong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Bailing Zu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Zhaohui Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, China.
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Quispe R, Hendrani AD, Baradaran-Noveiry B, Martin SS, Brown E, Kulkarni KR, Banach M, Toth PP, Brinton EA, Jones SR, Joshi PH. Characterization of lipoprotein profiles in patients with hypertriglyceridemic Fredrickson-Levy and Lees dyslipidemia phenotypes: the Very Large Database of Lipids Studies 6 and 7. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1195-1202. [PMID: 31572464 PMCID: PMC6764300 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association between triglycerides (TG) and cardiovascular diseases is complex. The classification of hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) phenotypes proposed by Fredrickson, Levy and Lees (FLL) helps inform treatment strategies. We aimed to describe levels of several lipoprotein variables from individuals with HTG FLL phenotypes from the Very Large Database of Lipids. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included fasting samples from 979,539 individuals from a contemporary large study population of US adults. Lipids were directly measured by density-gradient ultracentrifugation using the Vertical Auto Profile test while TG levels were measured in whole plasma using the Abbott ARCHITECT C-8000 system. Hyperchylomicronemic (Hyper-CM) and non-chylomicronemic (non-CM) phenotypes were defined using computationally derived models. Individuals with FLL type IIa phenotype were excluded. Distributions of lipid variables were compared using medians and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS A total of 11.9% (n = 116,925) of individuals met criteria for HTG FLL phenotypes. Those with hyper-CM phenotypes (n = 5, < 0.1% of population) had two-fold higher TG levels compared with non-chylomicronemic (non-CM) individuals (11.9% of population) (p < 0.001). Type IIb individuals had the highest non-HDL-C levels (median 242 mg/dl). Cholesterol in large VLDL1+2 particles was higher than in small VLDL3 particles in all phenotypes except FLL type III. Hyper-CM phenotypes had significantly lower HDL-C levels but greater HDL2/HDL3-C ratio compared to non-CM phenotypes. Cholesterol content of the lipoprotein (a) peak was significantly higher in the hyper-CM groups compared to non-CM phenotypes (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This observational hypothesis-generating study provides insight into the complexity of lipid metabolism in HTG phenotypes, including less traditional lipid measures such as LDL density, HDL subclasses and Lp(a)-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Quispe
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aditya D. Hendrani
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center-Shreveport, LA, USA
| | | | - Seth S. Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Brown
- Center for Inherited Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Peter P. Toth
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Steven R. Jones
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Parag H. Joshi
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients display an altered lipoprotein profile with dysfunctional HDL. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43410. [PMID: 28230201 PMCID: PMC5322497 DOI: 10.1038/srep43410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins modulate innate and adaptive immune responses. In the chronic inflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS), reports on lipoprotein level alterations are inconsistent and it is unclear whether lipoprotein function is affected. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we analysed the lipoprotein profile of relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients, progressive MS patients and healthy controls (HC). We observed smaller LDL in RRMS patients compared to healthy controls and to progressive MS patients. Furthermore, low-BMI (BMI ≤ 23 kg/m2) RRMS patients show increased levels of small HDL (sHDL), accompanied by larger, triglyceride (TG)-rich VLDL, and a higher lipoprotein insulin resistance (LP-IR) index. These alterations coincide with a reduced serum capacity to accept cholesterol via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter G1, an impaired ability of HDL3 to suppress inflammatory activity of human monocytes, and modifications of HDL3’s main protein component ApoA-I. In summary, lipoprotein levels and function are altered in RRMS patients, especially in low-BMI patients, which may contribute to disease progression in these patients.
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Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Pongratz T, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Goliasch G, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Oravec S, Wojta J, Speidl WS. Small high-density lipoprotein is associated with monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:589-96. [PMID: 25463093 PMCID: PMC4270455 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are heterogeneous in structure and function and the role of HDL subfractions in atherogenesis is not well understood. It has been suggested that small HDL may be dysfunctional in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Monocytes are considered to play a key role in atherosclerotic diseases. Circulating monocytes can be divided into three subtypes according to their surface expression of CD14 and CD16. Our aim was to examine whether monocyte subsets are associated with HDL subfractions in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods: We included 90 patients with angiographically stable CAD. Monocyte subsets were defined as classical monocytes (CD14++CD16-; CM), intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+; IM) and non-classical monocytes (CD14+CD16++; NCM). HDL subfractions were measured by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Results: Serum levels of small HDL correlated with circulating pro-inflammatory NCM and showed an inverse relationship to circulating CM independently from other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime, respectively. IM were not associated with small HDL. In particular, patients with small HDL levels in the highest tertile showed dramatically increased levels of NCM (14.7 ± 7% vs. 10.7 ± 5% and 10.8 ± 5%; p = 0.006) and a decreased proportion of CM (79.3 ± 7% vs. 83.7 ± 6% and 83.9 ± 6%; p = 0.004) compared to patients in the two lower tertiles. In contrast, intermediate HDL, large HDL and total HDL were not associated with monocyte subset distribution. Conclusion: Small HDL levels are associated with pro-inflammatory NCM and inversely correlated with CM. This may suggest that small HDL could have dysfunctional anti-inflammatory properties in patients with established CAD. Small HDL levels are associated with non-classical monocytes in stable CAD. Classical monocytes are inversely associated with small HDL levels. Associations are independent of other lipid parameters, risk factors, inflammatory parameters or statin treatment regime. Inflammatory markers do not vary according to small HDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan P Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Pfaffenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sebastian L Hofbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Wonnerth
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Goliasch
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovit Gaspar
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; 3rd Medical Department, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Maurer
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stanislav Oravec
- Krankenanstalten Dr. Dostal, Vienna, Austria; 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria; Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II - Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Uydu HA, Bostan M, Atak M, Yılmaz A, Demir A, Akçan B, Sümer F, Baltaş N, Karadağ Z, Uğurlu Y, Orem A. Cholesterol forms and traditional lipid profile for projection of atherogenic dyslipidemia: lipoprotein subfractions and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol. J Membr Biol 2013; 247:127-34. [PMID: 24240543 PMCID: PMC3905181 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9611-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherogenic dyslipidemia characterized by abnormal changes in plasma lipid profile such as low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased triglyceride (TG) levels is strongly associated with atherosclerotic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the levels of pro- and antiatherogenic lipids and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol (EMC) content in normo- and dyslipidemic subjects to investigate whether EMC content could be a useful marker for clinical presentation of atherogenic dyslipidemia. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL and their subfraction levels and erythrocyte lipid content were determined in 64 normolipidemic (NLs), 42 hypercholesterolemic (HCs) and 42 mixed-type dyslipidemic subjects (MTDs). Plasma atherogenic lipid indices [small–dense LDL (sdLDL)/less-dense HDL (LHDL), TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C and Apo B/AI] were higher in MTDs compared to NLs (p < 0.001). The highest sdLDL level was observed in HCs (p < 0.01). Despite a slight increase in EMC level in dyslipidemic subgroups, the difference was not statistically significant. A significant negative correlation, however, was observed between EMC and sdLDL/LHDL in HCs (p < 0.035, r = −0.386). Receiver operating characteristic curves to predict sdLDL level showed that TG and EMC levels had higher area under curve values compared to other parameters in HCs. We showed that diameters of larger LDL and HDL particles tend to shift toward smaller values in MTDs. Our results suggest that EMC content and TG levels may be a useful predictor for sdLDL level in hypercholesterolemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Avni Uydu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Rize, Turkey,
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The association of very-low-density lipoprotein with ankle-brachial index in peritoneal dialysis patients with controlled serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:212. [PMID: 24093487 PMCID: PMC3853217 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) represents atherosclerotic disease and is a risk factor for death in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, who tend to show an atherogenic lipid profile. In this study, we investigated the relationship between lipid profile and ankle-brachial index (ABI) as an index of atherosclerosis in PD patients with controlled serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level. Methods Thirty-five PD patients, whose serum LDL cholesterol level was controlled at less than 120mg/dl, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in Japan. The proportions of cholesterol level to total cholesterol level (cholesterol proportion) in 20 lipoprotein fractions and the mean size of lipoprotein particles were measured using an improved method, namely, high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Multivariate linear regression analysis was adjusted for diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular and/or cerebrovascular diseases. Results The mean (standard deviation) age was 61.6 (10.5) years; PD vintage, 38.5 (28.1) months; ABI, 1.07 (0.22). A low ABI (0.9 or lower) was observed in 7 patients (low-ABI group). The low-ABI group showed significantly higher cholesterol proportions in the chylomicron fraction and large very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) (Fractions 3–5) than the high-ABI group (ABI>0.9). Adjusted multivariate linear regression analysis showed that ABI was negatively associated with serum VLDL cholesterol level (parameter estimate=-0.00566, p=0.0074); the cholesterol proportions in large VLDLs (Fraction 4, parameter estimate=-3.82, p=0.038; Fraction 5, parameter estimate=-3.62, p=0.0039) and medium VLDL (Fraction 6, parameter estimate=-3.25, p=0.014); and the size of VLDL particles (parameter estimate=-0.0352, p=0.032). Conclusions This study showed that the characteristics of VLDL particles were associated with ABI among PD patients. Lowering serum VLDL level may be an effective therapy against atherosclerosis in PD patients after the control of serum LDL cholesterol level.
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Long S, Chen Z, Han Y, Christopher DM, Zhang C, Yang Y, Tian Y. Relationship between the distribution of plasma HDL subclasses and the polymorphisms of APOA5 in hypertriglyceridemia. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:733-9. [PMID: 23499587 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to examine the possible associations between high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass distribution and APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism in hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS The distribution of HDL subclasses was quantified by 2-dimensional electrophoresis in conjunction with immunodetection method. The APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism was identified in 95 hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) patients and 102 healthy subjects by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The APOA5-1131C (C) allele frequency was higher in the HTG group than in the control group. Plasma triglycerides (TG) were significantly higher and apoA5 was significantly lower in patients with the C allele when compared to patients with the APOA5-1131T (T) allele, even more dramatically so in the APOA5-1131CC homozygote. In both the HTG group and the control group, the frequency of the C allele was positively correlated with levels of TG, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), and negatively correlated with levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5) (P<0.001). In all subjects, the frequency of the C allele was positively correlated with the level of small-sized HDL (preβ(1)-HDL and HDL(3a)), and negatively correlated with levels of HDL(2a) and HDL(2b). CONCLUSION Changes in HDL subclass distributions in HTG may be related to the APOA5-1131T>C polymorphism. This polymorphism leads to a general shift towards smaller-sized HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
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Tian L, Long S, Li C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zeng Z, Fu M. High-density lipoprotein subclass and particle size in coronary heart disease patients with or without diabetes. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:54. [PMID: 22584085 PMCID: PMC3477075 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in people with diabetes. We investigated the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass profiles and alterations of particle size in CHD patients with diabetes or without diabetes. METHODS Plasma HDL subclasses were quantified in CHD by 1-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection. RESULTS Although the particle size of HDL tend to small, the mean levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) have achieved normal or desirable for CHD patients with or without diabetes who administered statins therapy. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride (TG), TC, LDL-C concentrations, and HDL₃ (HDL(3b) and (3a)) contents along with Gensini Score were significantly higher; but those of HDL-C, HDL(2b+preβ2), and HDL(2a) were significantly lower in CHD patients with diabetes versus CHD patients without diabetes; The preβ₁-HDL contents did not differ significantly between these groups. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Gensini Score was significantly and independently predicted by HDL(2a), and HDL(2b+preβ2). CONCLUSIONS The abnormality of HDL subpopulations distribution and particle size may contribute to CHD risk in diabetes patients. The HDL subclasses distribution may help in severity of coronary artery and risk stratification, especially in CHD patients with therapeutic LDL, TG and HDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyin Long
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanwei Li
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Chen
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Cardiovascular department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingde Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, New building 6, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Tian L, Fu M. The relationship between high density lipoprotein subclass profile and apolipoprotein concentrations. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:461-72. [PMID: 21747218 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The HDL fraction in human plasma is heterogeneous in terms of size, shape, composition, and surface charge. The HDL subclasses contents were quantified by 2-dimensional non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and image analysis. This research review systematically analyzed the relationship between the contents of HDL subclasses and the concentrations and ratios of the 5 major plasma apolipoproteins (apo). As the concentration of apoA-I increases, the contents of all HDL subclasses increase significantly. The most significant association was observed between large-sized HDL2b contents and apoA-I. ApoA-II played a dual function in the contents of HDL subclasses, and both small-sized HDL3b and HDL3a and large-sized HDL2b tended to increase with apoA-II concentration. An increase in the concentrations of apoC-II, C-III, and B-100 resulted in higher levels of small-sized HDL particles and lower levels of large-sized HDL particles. Plasma apoB- 100, apoC-II, and apoC-III appear to play a coordinated role in assembly of HDL particles and the determination of their contents. Higher concentrations of apoA-I could inhibit the reduction in content of large-sized HDL2b effected by apoB-100, C-II, and C-III. The preβ1-HDL contents increased significantly and those of HDL2b declined progressively with an increased apoB-100/apoA-I or a decreased apoC-III/apoC-II ratio. In summary, each apo has distinct but interrelated roles in HDL particle generation and metabolism. ApoA-I and apoC-II concentrations are independent determinants of HDL subtypes in circulation and apoA-I levels might be a more powerful factor to influence HDL subclasses distribution. Moreover, apoB- 100/apoA-I ratio could reliably and sensitively reflect the HDL subclass profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Tian L, Long S, Fu M, Liu Y, Xu Y, Jia L. Characteristics of high-density lipoprotein subclasses distribution for subjects with desirable total cholesterol levels. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:64. [PMID: 21513524 PMCID: PMC3110142 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate alteration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) subclasses distribution in different total cholesterol (TC) levels, mainly the characteristics of HDL subclasses distribution in desirable TC levels and analyze the related mechanisms. Methods ApoA-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection. 486 Chinese Adults subjects were assigned to different TC groups according to the third Report of NCEP (ATP- III) guidelines. Results The increase in contents of small preβ1-HDL, HDL3c, HDL3b, and HDL3a particles clustered and reduce in HDL2b with increased of TC. The distribution of HDL subclasses have shown abnormality characterized by the lower HDL2b (324.2 mg/L) contents and the higher preβ1-HDL (90.4 mg/L) contents for desirable TC Chinese subjects. Among 176 desirable TC subjects, 58.6% subjects with triglyceride (TG) < 2.26 mmol/L, 61.2% subjects with HDL-C ≥1.03 mmol/L and 88.6% subjects with low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) < 3.34 mmol/L, and the profile of HDL subclasses distribution for above these subjects was reasonable. Conclusions The particles size of HDL subclasses shifted towards smaller with increased TC levels. The TC was liner with HDL2b contents and those can be reduced 17 mg/L for 0.5 mmol/L increment in TC levels. The HDL subclasses distribution phenotype was not expectation for Chinese Population with desirable TC levels. Thus, from the HDL subclasses distribution point, when assessing the coronary heart disease(CHD) risk not only rely on the TC levels, but also the concentrations of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C must considered in case the potential risk for desirable TC subjects with other plasma lipids metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Tian L, Xu Y, Fu M, Peng T, Liu Y, Long S. The impact of plasma triglyceride and apolipoproteins concentrations on high-density lipoprotein subclasses distribution. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:17. [PMID: 21251287 PMCID: PMC3036640 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of triglyceride (TG) integrates with plasma major components of apolipoproteins in HDL subclasses distribution and further elicited the TG-apolipoproteins (apos) interaction in the processes of high density lipoprotein (HDL) mature metabolic and atherosclerosis related diseases. METHODS Contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantities by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated with immunodetection in 500 Chinese subjects. RESULTS Contents of preβ1-HDL, HDL3a, and apoB-100 level along with apoB-100/A-I ratio were significantly increased, whereas there was a significant reduction in the contents of HDL2, apoA-I level as well as apoC-III/C-II ratio with increased TG concentration. Moreover, preβ1-HDL contents is elevated about 9 mg/L and HDL2b contents can be reduced 21 mg/L for 0.5 mmol/L increment in TG concentration. Moreover, with increase of apoA-I levels, HDL2b contents were marginally elevated in any TG concentration group. Furthermore, despite of in the apoB-100/A-I < 0.9 group, the contents of preβ1-HDL increased, and those of HDL2b decreased significantly for subjects in both high and very high TG levels compared to that in normal TG levels. Similarly, in the apoB-100/A-I ≥ 0.9 group, the distribution of HDL subclasses also showed abnormality for subjects with normal TG levels. CONCLUSIONS The particle size of HDL subclasses tend to small with TG levels increased which indicated that HDL maturation might be impeded and efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) might be weakened. These data suggest that TG levels were not only significantly associated with but liner with the contents of preβ1-HDL and HDL2b. They also raise the possibility that the TG levels effect on HDL maturation metabolism are subjected to plasma apolipoproteins and apolipoproteins ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tian L, Fu M. The relationship between high density lipoprotein subclass profile and plasma lipids concentrations. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:118. [PMID: 20950490 PMCID: PMC2970594 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL particles posses multiple antiatherogenic activities and the identification and differentiation of individual HDL subclasses may be useful in documentation and understanding of metabolic changes of different HDL subclasses. The major plasma lipids exist and are transported in the form of lipoprotein complexes. Hence, alterations in plasma lipids levels can interfere with the composition, content, and distribution of plasma lipoprotein subclasses that affect atherosclerosis risk. The research review major discussed the relationship between plasma lipids levels and HDL subclasses distribution. The general shift toward smaller size of HDL particle size in HTG, HCL and MHL subjects, and the changes were more prominent with the elevation of TG and TC levels which imply that HDL maturation might be abnormal and RCT pathway might be weaken, and these changes were more seriously in MHL subjects. Plasma contents of small sized HDL particles significantly higher, whereas those of large sized HDL particles were significantly lower with elevation of TG/HDL-C and TC/HDL-C ratios. Increased in the TC/HDL-C ratio alone did not influence the distributions of HDL subclasses significantly when the TG/HDL-C ratio was low (TG/HDL-C ≤ 2.5). Hence, the TG/HDL-C ratio might be more sensitive to reflect the alteration of HDL subclass distribution than the TC/HDL-C ratio. In LDL-C/HDL-C ≤ 2.3 group, the pattern of distribution in HDL subclass was in agreement with the normolipidemic subjects. Moreover, considering the relative ease of measuring TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios, as opposed to measuring HDL subclasses, these 3 ratios together may be a good indicator of HDL subclass distribution. The protective effect of increased apoA-I levels against the reduction of HDL2b caused by elevated TG concentration. On one hand, plasma HDL-C and apoA-I appear to play a coordinated role in the assembly of HDL particles and the determination of their contents among the total subjects. On the other hand, the apoA-I level might be a more powerful factor than HDL-C to influence the distribution of HDL subclasses in hyperlipidemic subjects. At the same time, from point of HDL subclasses distribution, the plasma lipids, apos concentrations and apos ratios should be considered while assessing the CHD risk. Abnormality of HDL subclasses distribution may result in accelerated atherosclerosis, therapeutic normalization of attenuated antiatherogenic HDL function in terms of both particle number and distribution of HDL particles is the target of innovative pharmacological approaches to large-sized HDL particles rising, including enhanced apoA-I levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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13
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Kimak E, Hałabiś M, Baranowicz-Gaszczyk I. Relationships between serum lipid, lipoprotein, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein particle concentrations in post-renal transplant patients. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2010; 11:249-57. [PMID: 20349521 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disturbances in lipid and lipoprotein profiles in patients after kidney transplantation (Tx) are still not understood. METHODS Serum levels of lipids, lipoprotein, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were determined, lipid and lipoprotein ratios were calculated, and their relationships in Tx patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and lower apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) concentration were examined. Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured in 109 Tx patients and 89 healthy subjects. HDL particle levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Tx patients had disturbed concentration, composition, and metabolism of TRLs and HDL particles. Multivariance analysis showed significant and positive correlation between HDL cholesterol/apoAI (HDL-C/apoAI) and HDL-C/HDL ratios, which indicates that both ratios could sensitively reflect changes in the HDL subclasses and their distribution into smaller size particles. In Tx patients, the decreased HDL-C/apoAI ratio indicates that, along with the decreased apoAI concentration, the HDL-C level is decreased. However, a low HDL-C/HDL ratio indicates that HDL particles in Tx patients transport lesser content of HDL-C but more triglyceride (TG) (high TG/HDL ratio), and thus are hypercatabolized and removed; therefore, concentration of HDL particles in serum was decreased. CONCLUSION The decrease of HDL-C/apoAI ratio seems to be a good marker of HDL subclass distribution into smaller size particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Kimak
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Tian L, Liu Y, Qin Y, Long S, Xu Y, Fu M. Association of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and concentrations of plasma lipids with high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution in the Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2010; 9:69. [PMID: 20615262 PMCID: PMC2920871 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-9-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio and HDL subclass distribution and to further examine and discuss the potential impact of LDL-C and HDL-C together with TG on HDL subclass metabolism. RESULTS Small-sized prebeta1-HDL, HDL3b and HDL3a increased significantly while large-sized HDL2a and HDL2b decreased significantly as the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased. The subjects in low HDL-C level (< 1.03 mmol/L) who had an elevation of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio and a reduction of HDL2b/prebeta1-HDL regardless of an undesirable or high LDL-C level. At desirable LDL-C levels (< 3.34 mmol/L), the HDL2b/prebeta1-HDL ratio was 5.4 for the subjects with a high HDL-C concentration (> or = 1.55 mmol/L); however, at high LDL-C levels (> or = 3.36 mmol/L), the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C was 2.8 in subjects, and an extremely low HDL2b/prebeta1-HDL value although with high HDL-C concentration. CONCLUSION With increase of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, there was a general shift toward smaller-sized HDL particles, which implied that the maturation process of HDL was blocked. High HDL-C concentrations can regulate the HDL subclass distribution at desirable and borderline LDL-C levels but cannot counteract the influence of high LDL-C levels on HDL subclass distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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15
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Tian L, Yang Y, Fu M, Xu Y. Gender and age differences in the distribution of the HDL subclasses among the Chinese population. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuye Yang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Mingde Fu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Chengdu Hoist Biotechnology Co., Sichuan, P. R. China
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Tsimihodimos V, Gazi I, Filippatos T, Kostapanos M, Lagos K, Kostara C, Tellis CC, Elisaf M, Tselepis AD. Plasma triglyceride levels and body mass index values are the most important determinants of prebeta-1 HDL concentrations in patients with various types of primary dyslipidemia. Atherosclerosis 2009; 208:506-11. [PMID: 19682687 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Experimental studies have shown that the prebeta-1 subclass of high-density lipoprotein particles (prebeta-1 HDL) may play an important role in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway as the initial acceptors of cellular cholesterol. The aim of the present study was the direct comparison of prebeta-1 HDL values in individuals with various types of primary dyslipidemias. METHODS Four hundred and eighty-six unrelated individuals were included in the study. According to their lipid values study participants were subdivided into four groups: control group (n=206), type IIA dyslipidemia group (n=148), type IIB dyslipidemia group (n=49) and type IV dyslipidemia group (n=83). RESULTS All dyslipidemic patients displayed higher concentrations of prebeta-1 HDL compared to control individuals. However, patients with dyslipidemias characterized by an abnormal catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (such as dyslipidemias of type IIB and IV) tend to have higher prebeta-1 HDL values compared to patients with hypercholesterolemia, and this increase is proportional to the degree of hypertriglyceridemia. In addition, patients with metabolic syndrome exhibited significantly higher levels of prebeta-1 HDL compared to individuals that do not fulfill the criteria for the diagnosis of this syndrome. Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum triglyceride concentrations and body mass index (BMI) values were the most important determinants of prebeta-1 HDL levels in our population. CONCLUSION All dyslipidemic patients exhibit increased prebeta-1 HDL concentrations as compared to normolipidemic individuals. Whether this increase represents a defensive mechanism against atherosclerosis or it is indicative of impaired maturation of HDL particles and thus of a defective reverse cholesterol transport mechanism remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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17
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Tian L, Wu J, Fu M, Xu Y, Jia L. Relationship between apolipoprotein C-III concentrations and high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution. Metabolism 2009; 58:668-74. [PMID: 19375590 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses have different antiatherogenic potentials and functional properties. This work presents our findings and discussions on their metabolic implications on apolipoprotein (apo) C-III together with other apolipoprotein levels and HDL subclass distribution profile. Apolipoprotein A-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 511 subjects. Concentrations of triglycerides and of apo B-100, C-II, and C-III were higher, whereas those of HDL cholesterol were lower, for subjects in the highest tertile of apo C-III levels group, which presented a typical hypertriglyceridemic lipid profile. Subjects in the middle and highest tertile of apo C-III levels groups had increased prebeta(1)-HDL, HDL(3c), HDL(3b) (only in the highest tertile of apo C-III group), and HDL(3a), but decreased HDL(2a) and HDL(2b) contents compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of apo C-III levels group. With the elevation of apo C-III together with apo C-II levels, contents of small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL increased successively and significantly; but those of large-sized HDL(2b) reduced successively and significantly. With a rise in apo C-III and apo A-I levels, those of prebeta(1)-HDL increased significantly. Moreover, subjects with high apo A-I levels showed a substantial increase in HDL(2b); on the contrary, HDL(2b) declined progressively and obviously for subjects in the low apo A-I levels with the elevation of apo C-III levels. Correlation analysis illustrated that apo C-III levels were positively associated with prebeta(1)-HDL, prebeta(2)-HDL, and HDL(3a). The particle size of HDL shifted toward smaller sizes with the increase of plasma apo C-III levels, and the shift was more remarkable when the elevation of apo C-III and apo C-II was simultaneous; and besides, higher apo A-I concentrations could modify the effect of apo C-III on HDL subclass distribution profile. Large-sized HDL(2b) particles decreased greatly for hypertriglyceridemic subjects who were characterized by elevated apo C-III and C-II accompanied with significantly lower apo A-I, which, in turn, blocked the maturation of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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18
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Tian L, Xu Y, Fu M, Jia L, Yang Y. Influence of ApolipoproteinCII Concentrations on HDL Subclass Distribution. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:611-20. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Tian L, Wu X, Fu M, Xu Y, Jia L. The influence of plasma apolipoprotein A‐II concentrations on HDL subclass distribution. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Apolipoprotein Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Medical School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Mingde Fu
- Apolipoprotein Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Medical School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Xu
- Chengdu Hoist Biotechnology Co., LTD, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Lianqun Jia
- Apolipoprotein Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China Medical School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Jordan E, Kley S, Le NA, Waldron M, Hoenig M. Dyslipidemia in obese cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2008; 35:290-9. [PMID: 18692343 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an important endocrine disorder in cats and is a risk factor for diabetes similar to humans. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of long-term obesity and different diets (high protein, and high carbohydrate supplemented with saturated fatty acids or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) on plasma lipids in the fasted and fed states in 12 lean (LEAN) and 12 obese (OBESE) cats with ultracentrifugation, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. OBESE had higher plasma non-esterified fatty acids and triglycerides, as well as very-low-density-lipoproteins (VLDL) consisting primarily of medium-sized particles. The concentration of low-density-lipoproteins (LDL) was comparable between the groups, although OBESE had mostly very small, whereas LEAN had mostly large particles. The concentration of high-density-lipoproteins (HDL) was lower in OBESE and consisted primarily of small particles. Plasma triglycerides, and triglycerides and cholesterol in all lipoproteins increased postprandially. Different diets had little effect on lipids. Our results show that long-term obese cats develop similar lipoprotein changes to humans, yet, hypertension and atherosclerosis have not been described in obese cats. This suggests that dyslipidemia alone is not sufficient to induce hypertension and atherosclerosis. Other anti-atherogenic factors may be present in the obese, dyslipidemic cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jordan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, United States
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21
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Filippatos TD, Liberopoulos EN, Kostapanos M, Gazi IF, Papavasiliou EC, Kiortsis DN, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS. The effects of orlistat and fenofibrate, alone or in combination, on high-density lipoprotein subfractions and pre-beta1-HDL levels in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10:476-83. [PMID: 17459096 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the effect of orlistat and fenofibrate, alone or in combination, on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions and plasma pre-beta1-HDL levels in overweight and obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS Patients (n = 89) were prescribed a low-fat low-calorie diet and were randomly allocated to receive orlistat 120 mg three times daily (O group), micronized fenofibrate 200 mg/day (F group) or both (OF group) for 6 months. HDL subfractions were determined using a polyacrylamide gel tube electrophoresis method and pre-beta1-HDL levels using enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. RESULTS We observed a significant change of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels only in the F group (+3%, p < 0.05). Large HDL-C levels were significantly increased and small HDL-C levels were significantly reduced with O administration. In F group we observed a significant increase of small HDL-C levels. No significant change of large or small HDL-C levels was observed with combination treatment. We observed a significant increase of pre-beta1-HDL levels in all groups, which was significantly greater in OF group compared with O or F monotherapy. CONCLUSION OF combination increased the antiatherogenic pre-beta1-HDL levels in overweight and obese patients with MetS. Furthermore, OF combination counterbalanced the reduction of small HDL-C levels observed with orlistat monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Tian L, Wu X, Fu M, Qin Y, Xu Y, Jia L. Relationship between plasma apolipoproteinB concentrations, apolipoproteinB/apolipoproeinA-I and HDL subclasses distribution. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 388:148-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schäfer C, Parlesak A, Eckoldt J, Bode C, Bode JC, März W, Winkler K. Beyond HDL-cholesterol increase: phospholipid enrichment and shift from HDL3 to HDL2 in alcohol consumers. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1550-8. [PMID: 17431276 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600513-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of cardiovascular mortality associated with moderate alcohol consumption is chiefly thought to be mediated by an increase of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH). This study highlights additional qualitative changes of HDL that might augment this antiatherogenic effect. In 279 healthy men, alcohol and nutrient consumption were evaluated. Groups 1 (n=62), 2 (n=172), and 3 (n=45) comprised subjects with alcohol consumption of 0-5.0, 5.1-30.0, and 30.1-75 g/day, respectively. Lipid analysis was performed in nonfractionated and fractionated plasma, including subfractions HDL(2a), HDL(2b), and HDL(3). No difference in LDL-cholesterol was observed. Compared with group 1, groups 2 and 3 exhibited significant increases of HDL-CH (group 1, 44 +/- 10 mg/dl; group 2, 51 +/- 11 mg/dl; group 3, 55 +/- 11 mg/dl; mean +/- SD, P<0.0005), accompanied by enhanced lipidation of HDL (increase of the HDL(2)-CH/HDL(3)-CH ratio). Moreover, phospholipid enrichment of HDL occurred in alcohol consumers, whereas the ratios between other HDL components remained constant. Multivariate analysis revealed alcohol to have the foremost statistical influence on changes of the HDL fraction, followed by body mass index and physical activity level. The increased lipidation of HDL found in alcohol consumers might augment the antiatherogenic effect of HDL-CH increase. In addition, the phospholipid enrichment of HDL might reduce the inflammatory response of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Jia L, Wu X, Fu M, Xu Y, Tian Y, Tian H, Tian L. Relationship between apolipoproteins and the alteration of HDL subclasses in hyperlipidemic subjects. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 383:65-72. [PMID: 17532312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To elucidate the relationship between the apolipoproteins, especially apoA-I and the alteration of HDL subclasses in hyperlipidemic, HTC and HTG subjects. METHODS ApoA-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 233 normolipidemic subjects and 312 hyperlipidemic subjects (132 HTC and 180 HTG subjects). Making use of the mean +/-1 SD of apoA-I levels, we further subdivided normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic, HTC and HTG subjects into 3 subgroups, respectively. RESULTS Subjects in the middle and low apoA-I subgroups had decreased HDL-C and apoA-I while increased TG, apoB100, apoCII, apoCIII and apoE concentrations. With the reduction of apoA-I concentrations, the apoA-I contents of all HDL subclasses decreased successively and significantly. The relative percentage of small-sized HDL increased significantly while those of large-sized HDL(2a), HDL(2b) decreased significantly in hyperlipidemic, especially in HTG group. Multiple liner regression result revealed that apoA-I was positively and significantly correlated with all HDL subclasses and apoA-I level influenced the distribution of HDL subclasses powerfully in hyperlipidemic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Both the rate and efficiency of RCT might be weakened more seriously in hyperlipidemic, especially in HTG subjects with low apoA-I levels. ApoA-I level might be a powerful factor correlated with the distributions of HDL subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Jia
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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Tian L, Fu M, Jia L, Xu Y, Long S, Tian H, Tian Y. Relationship Between Apolipoprotein Concentrations and HDL Subclasses Distribution. Lipids 2007; 42:419-26. [PMID: 17476546 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-007-3031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in plasma apolipoproteins levels can influence the composition, content, and distribution of plasma lipoproteins that affect the risk of atherosclerosis. This study assessed the relationship between plasma apolipoproteins levels, mainly apoAI, and HDL subclass distribution. The contents of plasma HDL subclasses were determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 545 Chinese subjects. Compared with a low apoAI group, the contents of all HDL subclasses increased significantly both in middle and high apoAI group, and the contents of large-sized HDL(2b) increased more significantly relative to those of small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL in a high apoAI group. When apoAI and HDL-C levels increased simultaneously, in comparison to a low apoAI along with HDL-C concentration group, a significant increase (116%) was shown in HDL2b but only a slight increase (26%) in prebeta1-HDL. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that apoAI levels were positively and significantly correlated with all HDL subclasses. Multiple liner regression demonstrated that the apoAI concentrations were the most powerful predictor for HDL subclass distribution. With the elevation of apoAI concentrations, the contents of all HDL subclasses increased successively and significantly, especially, an increase in large-sized HDL(2b). Further, when apoAI and HDL-C concentrations increased simultaneously, the shift to larger HDL size was more obvious. Which, in turn, indicated that HDL maturation might be enhanced and, the reverse cholesterol transport might be strengthened along with apoAI levels which might be a more powerful factor influencing the distribution of HDL subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, New building 6, Room 902, #16 Section 3, People South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Warnick GR, McNamara JR, Boggess CN, Clendenen F, Williams PT, Landolt CC. Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein subclasses. Clin Lab Med 2007; 26:803-46. [PMID: 17110241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
High-density (HDL), low-density (LDL), and very-low-density (VLDL) lipoproteins are heterogeneous cholesterol-containing particles that differ in their metabolism, environmental interactions, and association with disease. Several protocols use polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE) to separate these major lipoproteins into known subclasses. This article provides a brief history of the discovery of lipoprotein heterogeneity and an overview of relevant lipoprotein metabolism, highlighting the importance of the subclasses in the context of their metabolic origins, fates, and clinical implications. Various techniques using polyacrylamide GGE to assess HDL and LDL heterogeneity are described, and how the genetic and environmental determinations of HDL and LDL affect lipoprotein size heterogeneity and the implications for cardiovascular disease are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Russell Warnick
- Berkeley HeartLab Inc., 960 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 100 Alameda, CA 94501, USA.
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27
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Jia L, Fu M, Tian Y, Xu Y, Gou L, Tian H, Tian L. Alterations of high-density lipoprotein subclasses in hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia. Int J Cardiol 2006; 120:331-7. [PMID: 17166608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/14/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in plasma lipid levels can influence the composition, content, and distribution of plasma lipoprotein subclasses that effect atherosclerosis risk. Hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia are common forms of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia. This study evaluates the alterations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic subjects. METHODS Apolipoprotein A-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis in 242 normolipidemic subjects, 66 hypercholesterolemic subjects and 59 combined hyperlipidemic subjects. RESULTS Compared with the normolipidemic subjects, apolipoprotein A-I contents of small-sized pre-beta1-HDL, HDL3c, HDL3b and HDL3a were significantly higher in both hypercholesterolemic subjects (p<.01, p<.05, p<.01 and p<.05, respectively) and combined hyperlipidemic subjects (p<.01, p<.05, p<.01 and p<.01, respectively). In contrast, apolipoprotein A-I contents of large-sized HDL2a and HDL2b were significantly lower in hypercholesterolemic subjects (p<.05 and p<.01, respectively) as well as combined hyperlipidemic subjects (p<.01 and p<.01, respectively). In addition, pre-beta1-HDL increased significantly (p<.05) while HDL2a and HDL2b decreased significantly (p<.05 and p<.01, respectively) in combined hyperlipidemic group versus hypercholesterolemic subjects. With the elevation of triglyceride levels, pre-beta1-HDL, and HDL3a increased successively, however, HDL2a and HDL2b decreased successively in subjects with total cholesterol levels greater than 240 mg/dl. CONCLUSIONS The particle size of HDL shifted towards smaller size in hypercholesterolemic subjects, and that the shift was more prominent in combined hyperlipidemic subjects. The alternations mentioned above indicate that HDL maturation might be abnormal, and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) might be weakened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Jia
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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28
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Jia L, Long S, Fu M, Yan B, Tian Y, Xu Y, Gou L. Relationship between total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and high-density lipoprotein subclasses. Metabolism 2006; 55:1141-8. [PMID: 16919530 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in plasma lipid levels can influence the composition, content, and distribution of plasma lipoprotein subclasses that affect atherosclerosis risk. This study evaluated the relationship between plasma total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride (TG)/HDL-C ratio, and HDL subclass distribution. The apolipoprotein A-I contents of plasma HDL subclasses were quantitated by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodetection in 442 Chinese subjects. The particle size of HDL shifted toward smaller size with the elevation of TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios. The ratio of large-sized HDL(2b) to small-sized prebeta(1)-HDL (HDL(2b)/prebeta(1)-HDL) was about 4.7 in the subjects with TC/HDL-C of 3.3 or lower and TG/HDL-C of 2.5 or lower, whereas it was only approximately 1.1 in subjects with TC/HDL-C greater than 6 and TG/HDL-C greater than 5. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the TC/HDL-C ratio was positively correlated with prebeta(1)-HDL and HDL(3a) but negatively correlated with HDL(2a) and HDL(2b), whereas the TC/HDL-C ratio was only inversely correlated with HDL(2b). The TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios together may be a good indicator of HDL subclass distribution. When these 2 ratios increased simultaneously, the trend toward smaller HDL size was obvious, which, in turn, indicated that the maturation of HDL might be impeded and the reverse cholesterol transport might be weakened. In addition, the TG/HDL-C ratio might be a more powerful factor to influence the distribution of HDL subclasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Jia
- Apolipoprotein Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
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Tian L, Jia L, Mingde F, Tian Y, Xu Y, Tian H, Yang Y. Alterations of high density lipoprotein subclasses in obese subjects. Lipids 2006; 41:789-96. [PMID: 17120933 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The object of this study was to investigate the characteristics of lipid metabolism in obese subjects, with particular emphasis on the alteration of HDL subclass contents and distributions. A population of 581 Chinese individuals was divided into four groups (25 underweight subjects, 288 of desirable weight, 187 overweight, and 45 obese) according to body mass index (BMI). Apoprotein A-I (apoA-I) contents of plasma HDL sub-classes were determined by 2-D gel electrophoresis associated with an immunodetection method. The concentrations of TG and the apoA-I content of pre-beta 1-HDL were significantly higher (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively), but the levels of HDL cholesterol, and the apoA-I contents of HDL2a and HDL2b were significantly lower (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively) in obese subjects than in subjects having a desirable weight. Moreover, with the elevation of BMI, small-sized pre-beta 1-HDL increased gradually and significantly, whereas large-sized HDL2b decreased gradually and significantly. Meanwhile, the variations in HDL subclass distribution were more obvious with the elevation of TG levels in obese as well as overweight subjects. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed that BMI and TG levels were positively correlated with pre-beta 1-HDL but negatively correlated with HDL2b. Multiple regression analysis also showed that TG concentrations were associated independently and positively with high pre-beta 1-HDL and independently and negatively with low HDL2b in obese and overweight subjects. The HDL particle size was smaller in obese and overweight subjects. The shift to smaller size was more obvious with the elevation of BMI and TG, especially TG levels. These observations, in turn, indicated that HDL maturation might be abnormal, and reverse cholesterol transport might be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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