1
|
Christensen MA, Bonde A, Sillesen M. Genetic risk factors for postoperative atrial fibrillation-a nationwide genome-wide association study (GWAS). Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1040757. [PMID: 37404734 PMCID: PMC10315824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major cause of morbidity with a high prevalence among the elderly and has an established genetic disposition. Surgery is a well-known risk factor for AF; however, it is currently not recognized how much common genetic variants influence the postoperative risk. The purpose of this study was to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms associated with postoperative AF. Methods The UK Biobank was utilized to conduct a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) to identify variants associated with AF after surgery. An initial discovery GWAS was performed in patients that had undergone surgery with subsequent replication in a unique non-surgical cohort. In the surgical cohort, cases were defined as newly diagnosed AF within 30 days after surgery. The threshold for significance was set at 5 × 10-8. Results After quality control, 144,196 surgical patients with 254,068 SNPs were left for analysis. Two variants (rs17042171 (p = 4.86 × 10-15) and rs17042081 (p = 7.12 × 10-15)) near the PITX2-gene reached statistical significance. These variants were replicated in the non-surgical cohort (1.39 × 10-101 and 1.27 × 10-93, respectively). Several other loci were significantly associated with AF in the non-surgical cohort. Conclusion In this GWAS-analysis of a large national biobank, we identified 2 variants that were significantly associated with postoperative AF. These variants were subsequently replicated in a unique non-surgical cohort. These findings bring new insight in the genetics of postoperative AF and may help identify at-risk patients and guide management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias A. Christensen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshosptialet, Denmark
- Center for Surgical Translational and Artificial Intelligence Research (CSTAR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Alexander Bonde
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshosptialet, Denmark
- Center for Surgical Translational and Artificial Intelligence Research (CSTAR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Martin Sillesen
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshosptialet, Denmark
- Center for Surgical Translational and Artificial Intelligence Research (CSTAR), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen Medical School, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia despite substantial efforts to understand the pathophysiology of the condition and develop improved treatments. Identifying the underlying causative mechanisms of AF in individual patients is difficult and the efficacy of current therapies is suboptimal. Consequently, the incidence of AF is steadily rising and there is a pressing need for novel therapies. Research has revealed that defects in specific molecular pathways underlie AF pathogenesis, resulting in electrical conduction disorders that drive AF. The severity of this so-called electropathology correlates with the stage of AF disease progression and determines the response to AF treatment. Therefore, unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying electropathology is expected to fuel the development of innovative personalized diagnostic tools and mechanism-based therapies. Moreover, the co-creation of AF studies with patients to implement novel diagnostic tools and therapies is a prerequisite for successful personalized AF management. Currently, various treatment modalities targeting AF-related electropathology, including lifestyle changes, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical therapy, substrate-based ablative therapy, and neuromodulation, are available to maintain sinus rhythm and might offer a novel holistic strategy to treat AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU Universiteit, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine/Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Myrthe F Kuipers
- AFIPonline.org, Atrial Fibrillation Innovation Platform, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu L, Yu Y, Hu LL, Dong QB, Hu F, Zhu LJ, Liang Q, Yu LL, Bao HH, Cheng XS. Potential Target Genes in the Development of Atrial Fibrillation: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928366. [PMID: 33741890 PMCID: PMC7989062 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia worldwide. Although it is not life-threatening, the accompanying rapid and irregular ventricular rate can lead to hemodynamic deterioration and obvious symptoms, especially the risk of cerebrovascular embolism. Our study aimed to identify novel and promising genes that could explain the underlying mechanism of AF development. Material/Methods Expression profiles GSE41177, GSE79768, and GSE14975 were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus Database. R software was used for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were subsequently performed. A protein–protein interaction network was constructed in Cytoscape software. Next, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was constructed and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the key genes. Results We obtained 204 DEGs from the datasets. The DEGs were mostly involved in immune response and cell communication. The primary pathways of the DEGs were related to the course or maintenance of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The top 20 hub genes (high scores in cytoHubba) were selected in the PPI network. Finally, we identified 6 key genes (FCGR3B, CLEC10A, FPR2, IGSF6, S100A9, and S100A12) via the LASSO model. Conclusions We present 6 target genes that are potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms of AF development. In addition, these genes are likely to serve as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Long-Long Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Quan-Bin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ling-Juan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ling-Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hui-Hui Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Shu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, and Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu C, Zhang R, Xia Y, Xiong L, Yang W, Wang P. Annotation of susceptibility SNPs associated with atrial fibrillation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16981-16998. [PMID: 32902410 PMCID: PMC7521544 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and the candidate gene based association studies have identified a panel of variants associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), however, most of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found located within intergenic or intronic genomic regions, and whether the positive SNPs have a real biological function is unknown, and the real disease causing gene need to be studied. RESULTS The current results of the genetic studies including common variants identified by GWAS (338 index SNPs) and candidate gene based association studies (40 SNPs) were summarized. CONCLUSION Our study suggests the relationship between genetic variants and possible targeted genes, and provides insight into potential genetic pathways underlying AF incidence and development. The results may provide an encyclopedia of AF susceptibility SNPs and shed light on the functional mechanisms of AF variants identified through genetic studies. METHODS We summarized AF susceptibility SNPs identified by GWAS and candidate gene based association studies, and give a comprehensive functional annotation of all these AF susceptibility loci. by genomic annotation, microRNA binding prediction, promoter activity analysis, enhancer activity analysis, transcription factors binding activity prediction, expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, long-range transcriptional regulatory function analysis, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research and Cardio-X Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rongfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The C-terminal HCN4 variant P883R alters channel properties and acts as genetic modifier of atrial fibrillation and structural heart disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
6
|
Jiang YF, Chen M, Zhang NN, Yang HJ, Xu LB, Rui Q, Sun SJ, Yao JL, Zhou YF. Association between KCNE1 G38S gene polymorphism and risk of atrial fibrillation: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7253. [PMID: 28640127 PMCID: PMC5484235 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous case-control studies on association between KCNE1 G38S polymorphism and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been published but because of the conflicting results and small sample size of individual studies, the consolidated result is still controversial. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between KCNE1 G38S polymorphism and risk of AF. METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, and CNKI databases up to March 10, 2017 in English and Chinese languages. Two of the authors individually extracted study data and assessed the study quality using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined in different genetic models for evaluation using a random-effect model or fixed-effect model according to interstudy heterogeneity. RESULTS There were totally 14 independent case-control studies of 2810 patients and 3080 healthy controls included. Significant associations were found between KCNE1 G38S polymorphism and AF in overall population under all genetic models: allelic (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.24-1.45, P < .001), homozygous (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.61-2.24, P < .001), heterozygous (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.68, P < .001), recessive (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.20-1.69, P < .001), dominant genetic model (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.39-1.89, P < .001). Subgroup analyses indicated similar association in Chinese and white. CONCLUSIONS The G38S polymorphism in the KCNE1 gene can significantly increase the risk of AF in both Chinese and white.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Hua-Jia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Lang-Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Qing Rui
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Si-Jia Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| | - Jia-Lu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Voudris KV, Wong SC, Kaple R, Kampaktsis PN, de Biasi AR, Weiss JS, Devereux R, Krieger K, Kim L, Swaminathan RV, Feldman DN, Singh H, Skubas NJ, Minutello RM, Bergman G, Salemi A. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with or without prior coronary artery bypass graft operation. J Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 11:158. [PMID: 27899140 PMCID: PMC5129212 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-016-0551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transapical approach (TA) is an established access alternative to the transfemoral technique in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for treatment of symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. The impact of prior coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TA-TAVR is not well defined. Methods A single center retrospective cohort analysis of 126 patients (male 41%, mean age 85.8 ± 6.1 years) who underwent TA balloon expandable TAVR (Edwards SAPIEN, SAPIEN XT or SAPIEN 3) was performed. Patients were classified as having prior CABG (n = 45) or no prior CABG (n = 81). Baseline clinical characteristics, in-hospital, 30-day, 6 months and one-year clinical outcomes were compared. Results Compared to patients without prior CABG, CABG patients were more likely to be male (62.2 vs. 29.6%, p < 0.001) with a higher STS score (11.66 ± 5.47 vs. 8.99 ± 4.19, p = 0.003), history of myocardial infarction (55 vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001), implantable cardioverter defibrillator (17.8 vs. 3.7%, p = 0.017), left main coronary artery disease (42.2 vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001), and proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis (57.8 vs. 16%, p < 0.001). They also presented with a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (%) (42.3 ± 15.3 vs. 54.3 ± 11.6, p < 0.01) and a larger effective valve orifice area (0.75 ± 0.20 cm2 vs. 0.67 ± 0.14 cm2, p = 0.025). There were no intra-procedural deaths, no differences in stroke (0 vs. 1.2%, p = 1.0), procedure time in hours (3.50 ± 0.80 vs. 3.26 ± 0.86, p = 0.127), re-intubation rate (8.9 vs. 8.6% p = 1.0), and renal function (highest creatinine value 1.73 ± 0.71 mg/ml vs.1.88 ± 1.15 mg/ml, p = 0.43). All-cause mortality at 6 months was similar in both groups (11.4, vs. 17.3% p = 0.44), and one-year survival was 81.8 and 77.8% respectively (p = 0.51). On multivariate analysis, the only factor significantly associated with one-year mortality was prior history of stroke (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.06-7.17, p = 0.037). Conclusion Despite the higher baseline clinical risk profile, patients with history of prior CABG undergoing TA-TAVR had comparable in-hospital, 6 months and one-year clinical outcomes to those without prior CABG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos V Voudris
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - S Chiu Wong
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Kaple
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Polydoros N Kampaktsis
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Andreas R de Biasi
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weiss
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Devereux
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Karl Krieger
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke Kim
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh V Swaminathan
- Department of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dmitriy N Feldman
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Harsimran Singh
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos J Skubas
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Minutello
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey Bergman
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.,Department of Cardiology, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA
| | - Arash Salemi
- William Acquavella Heart Valve Center, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical College, 525 East 68th St., New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (PoAF), a common complication of cardiac surgery, contributes significantly to morbidity, mortality, and increasing healthcare costs. Despite advances in surgical and medical management, the overall incidence of PoAF has not changed significantly, partly because of the limited understanding of mechanisms underlying acute surgery-related factors, such as myocardial injury, inflammation, sympathetic activation, and oxidative stress, which play an important role in the initiation of PoAF, whereas a preexisting atrial substrate appears to be more important in the maintenance of this dysrhythmia. Thus, in a majority of patients, PoAF becomes a manifestation of an underlying arrhythmogenic substrate that is unmasked after acute surgical stress. As such, the ability to identify which patients have this proarrhythmic substrate and are, therefore, at high risk for developing AF postoperatively, is important for the improved selection for prophylactic interventions, closer monitoring for complications, and establishing the probability of AF in the long term. This review highlights the role of the underlying substrate in promoting PoAF, proposed mechanisms, and the potential role of serum biomarkers to identify patients at risk for PoAF.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abbott GW. KCNE1 and KCNE3: The yin and yang of voltage-gated K(+) channel regulation. Gene 2015; 576:1-13. [PMID: 26410412 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The human KCNE gene family comprises five genes encoding single transmembrane-spanning ion channel regulatory subunits. The primary function of KCNE subunits appears to be regulation of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels, and the best-understood KCNE complexes are with the KCNQ1 Kv α subunit. Here, we review the often opposite effects of KCNE1 and KCNE3 on Kv channel biology, with an emphasis on regulation of KCNQ1. Slow-activating IKs channel complexes formed by KCNQ1 and KCNE1 are essential for human ventricular myocyte repolarization, while constitutively active KCNQ1-KCNE3 channels are important in the intestine. Inherited sequence variants in human KCNE1 and KCNE3 cause cardiac arrhythmias but by different mechanisms, and each is important for hearing in unique ways. Because of their contrasting effects on KCNQ1 function, KCNE1 and KCNE3 have proved invaluable tools in the mechanistic understanding of how channel gating can be manipulated, and each may also provide a window into novel insights and new therapeutic opportunities in K(+) channel pharmacology. Finally, findings from studies of Kcne1(-/-) and Kcne3(-/-) mouse lines serve to illustrate the complexity of KCNE biology and KCNE-linked disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology and Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 360 Medical Surge II, Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palatinus JA, Das S. Your Father and Grandfather's Atrial Fibrillation: A Review of the Genetics of the Most Common Pathologic Cardiac Dysrhythmia. Curr Genomics 2015; 16:75-81. [PMID: 26085805 PMCID: PMC4467307 DOI: 10.2174/1389202916666150108222031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common pathologic dysrhythmia in humans with a prevalence of 1-2% of the total population and as high as 10% of the elderly. AF is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, and given the increasing age of the population, represents an increasing burden of disease. Although age and hypertension are known risk factors for development of AF, the study of families with early onset AF revealed mutations in genes coding for ion channels and other proteins involved in electrotonic coupling as likely culprits for the pathology in select cases. Recent investigations using Genome-Wide Association Studies have revealed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that appear to be associated with AF and have highlighted new genes in the proximity of the SNPs that may potentially contribute to the development of the dysrhythmia. Here we review the genetics of AF and discuss how application of GWAS and next generation sequencing have advanced our knowledge of AF and further investigations may yield novel therapeutic targets for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Palatinus
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|