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Lee HN, Park JW, Jung JY, Kim DK, Kwak YH, Hwang S, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Jue JH. Unpowered scooter injuries in children and risk factors for traumatic brain injuries: An 8-year cross-sectional study using a national registry in South Korea. Injury 2024; 55:111197. [PMID: 38007295 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head trauma accounts for a large proportion of unpowered scooter injuries in children. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of considerable mortality and morbidity in children, who are the main users of unpowered scooters. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of unpowered scooter injuries in children and to identify predictors of the occurrence of TBI. METHODS A multicentre observational retrospective study was conducted using the Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance (EDIIS) database in South Korea. Children aged 2 to 18 years old with unpowered scooter injuries between 2011 and 2018 were eligible for inclusion in this study, and the primary outcome was TBI defined based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) code. RESULTS The annual rate of unpowered scooter injuries per 1,000 injured patients increased throughout the study period from 1.4 in 2011 to 16.4 in 2018 (P for trend < 0.001). Of the 3,892 children who had unpowered scooter injuries, 353 (9.2 %) had TBI. Children were at a higher risk of unpowered scooter TBI if they were aged between 2 and 5 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.37; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.73), were male (aOR: 1.45; 95 % CI: 1.14-1.86), were injured either on sidewalks (aOR: 1.80; 95 % CI: 1.20-2.70) or on driveways (aOR: 2.31; 95 % CI: 1.41-3.79), and experienced a fall (aOR: 1.98; 95 % CI: 1.15-3.43). Additionally, children injured after a blunt force were at a lower risk of TBI (aOR: 0.28; 95 % CI: 0.15-0.53). CONCLUSION Unpowered scooter injuries in children are increasing in South Korea. It is essential for younger children riding unpowered scooters to wear helmets and for caregivers to actively supervise their children to prevent TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Ni Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Wan Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Kyun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kwak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Disaster Medicine Research Center, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyun Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Hee Jue
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
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Keum MA, Cho MJ. Unpowered Scooter Injury in Children at a Korea Level I Trauma Center. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:561654. [PMID: 33968837 PMCID: PMC8102824 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.561654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Unpowered scooters for recreation and transportation are popular among children. However, to date, there have been no studies on scooter-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the frequency and injury pattern with unpowered scooters and to propose prevention strategies. Methods: Medical records of children aged <16 years with unpowered scooter-related injuries who visited the emergency department (ED) from 2007 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 109 children were included. The majority (78.9%) of injuries occurred during the last 3 years of the study. The mean age was 5.2 years, and 88% of children were <8 years of age. Most injuries (80.7%) occurred from a fall off a scooter. A total of 65.1% (n = 71) of injuries were to the head and face, followed by upper limb, lower limb, and torso injuries. Eight patients had an intracranial injury and skull fracture. Twenty children had limb fractures, and the most common site of fracture was the elbow. None of the patients wore any protective gear. Conclusions: Unpowered scooter-related injuries are on the increase and represent a serious problem among younger children. The head and face, where serious injuries can occur, are the most vulnerable. Public and parental awareness and education regarding protective gear and safety guidelines are essential to prevent injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Jeng Cho
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
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Mebert RV, Klukowska-Roetzler J, Ziegenhorn S, Exadaktylos AK. Push scooter-related injuries in adults: an underestimated threat? Two decades analysed by an emergency department in the capital of Switzerland. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000428. [PMID: 30364432 PMCID: PMC6196953 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of people conducting cycling and skating sports in Switzerland is rising; likewise, we notice an increase in patients visiting our emergency department for adults due to push scooter accidents. In 2001, our emergency department published the first article worldwide on push scooter-related injuries. Nearly two decades later, we want to review the interim period-collect data, compare it with other studies and evaluate the current impact of push scooter accidents in our adult patient population. Objective To investigate data on the incidence, severity, treatment and approximate costs of push scooter-related injuries in adults who presented to our emergency department from 2000 to 2017. Materials and methods For this descriptive retrospective study, data were collected in the Department of Emergency Medicine at Inselspital (University Hospital), Berne, Switzerland, from October 2000 to September 2017. We used two clinical reporting systems during that period: Qualicare from 2000 to April 2012 and Ecare from May 2012 to 2017. Results 165 patients were included, aged 16-80 years. The accidents were mainly classified as unspecified falls in 139 cases (84.24%). 21 patients (12.73%) were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, while the remaining 144 (87.27%) were not. The most common injuries suffered were fractures in 73 patients (44.24%). 92 patients (55.76%) sustained an impact to the head. The most common treatment was surgery in the operating theatre (59 patients, 35.76%). The mean total cost per case was SFr7566.65 (emergency room visit, hospital stay and outpatient controls for the initial case). Conclusion The incidence of push scooter-related injuries in adults in our patient population is small but rising. Nevertheless, the resulting injuries are potentially life-threatening and can lead to persistent medical impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Viola Mebert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Ziegenhorn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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Unkuri JH, Salminen P, Kallio P, Kosola S. Kick Scooter Injuries in Children and Adolescents: Minor Fractures and Bruise. Scand J Surg 2018; 107:350-355. [PMID: 29633655 DOI: 10.1177/1457496918766693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Kick scooters are popular among children in both transportation and recreational activities. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of and injury patterns associated with kick scooter accidents in school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: All 171 patients at the age of 7-15 years who were treated for kick scooter-related injuries in the metropolitan Helsinki area, Southern Finland from January 2008 to December 2013 were included. Electronic medical records were reviewed and Pediatric Trauma Scores and Injury Severity Scores were utilized to assess the injuries. RESULTS: The annual number of patients increased from 7 in 2008 to 55 in 2013. Almost all patients (94%, n = 161) were injured after a fall from their own height. Most patients (n = 118; 69%) were diagnosed with a fracture but only 26 patients (15%) required surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Pediatric Trauma Scores were low and only one patient had an Injury Severity Score > 15 which can be considered major trauma. CONCLUSION: Most injuries acquired from kick scooter injuries were easily treatable fractures and bruises. Considering the background population of 105,000 in the respective age group and the 6-year period of data collection from tertiary care, scooting seems a safe means of increasing the physical activity levels of school-aged children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Unkuri
- 1 Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Salminen
- 1 Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Kallio
- 1 Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kosola
- 2 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Ho M, Horn BD, Lin IC, Chang B, Carrigan RB, Shah A. Musculoskeletal Injuries Resulting from Use of Hoverboards: Safety Concerns With an Unregulated Consumer Product. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2018; 57:31-35. [PMID: 28110548 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816687327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hoverboards were recently introduced to the US consumer market and experienced rapid popularity. Given the high frequency of musculoskeletal injury with other wheeled recreation devices, we sought to analyze hoverboard injuries in children. A retrospective review of patients with musculoskeletal injury related to hoverboard use was performed at a tertiary care children's hospital. From November 2015 to January 2016, 2.3% of all fractures were related to hoverboards. Common injury mechanisms were fall (79%) and finger entrapment between wheel and wheel-well (10%). The most frequently fractured sites included the distal radius (43%) and phalanx (17%). Common surgical procedures were nailbed repair and pinning for Seymour fracture and percutaneous pinning for distal radius fracture. There exists high risk for distal radius fractures from falls and phalanx fractures from finger entrapment between the wheel and wheel-well. Hoverboard safety can be improved with regular use of wrist guards and improved wheel-well design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ho
- 1 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - B David Horn
- 1 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ines C Lin
- 1 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Chang
- 1 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Apurva Shah
- 1 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Siracuse BL, Ippolito JA, Gibson PD, Beebe KS. Hoverboards: A new cause of pediatric morbidity. Injury 2017; 48:1110-1114. [PMID: 28372790 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hoverboard, a self-balancing powered scooter, was introduced to the market in 2015 and quickly became one of the most popular purchases of the year. As with similar products, this scooter brought a host of concerns surrounding injuries. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence of injuries that coincided with the popularity of hoverboard. METHODS The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried from 2011 through 2015 for injuries related to scooters/skateboards, powered (product number, 5042), which includes the hoverboard. Patient data on sex, age, race, diagnosis, most severely injured body part, location where the injury occurred, and narrative of the injury were collected. The estimated injury incidence was calculated and compared on a yearly and monthly basis. Google Trends was used to determine the popularity of the hoverboard over the same time period. RESULTS During the 5-year study period, there were an estimated 47,277 injuries associated with the hoverboard. In 2015, there was an average 208% (range, 167-278%; standard deviation (SD), 51.8%) increase in the number of injuries compared to any of the previous 4 years. Further analysis of these injuries revealed a significant increase in the number of forearm (475%; range, 310-662%; SD, 159%), leg (178%; range, 133-206%; SD, 34%), and head and neck (187%; range, 179-197%; SD, 7.6%) injuries in 2015 compared to the previous 4 years. The most common type of injury in 2015 was a fracture (38.9%). Analysis of the sites of these fractures between 2014 and 2015 revealed a 752% increase in forearm fractures, which included over a 4000% increase in the number of wrist fractures. CONCLUSIONS Given the number of injuries caused by these products, safety equipment, such as wrist guards and helmets, should be worn in an attempt to reduce the number of injuries. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of physicians keeping up to date with current trends to best advise their patients on safe practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Siracuse
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Joseph A Ippolito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Peter D Gibson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen S Beebe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Robinson T, Agarwal M, Chaudhary S, Costello BE, Simon HK. Pediatric Hoverboard Injuries: A Need for Enhanced Safety Measures and Public Awareness. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2016; 55:1078-80. [PMID: 27630007 DOI: 10.1177/0009922816664066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Robinson
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maneesha Agarwal
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sofia Chaudhary
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian E Costello
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Harold K Simon
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Increase in moped injuries requiring emergency care. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:2000-2002. [PMID: 27503058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a marked increased in moped use over the past few years. In addition, there has been an increase in moped-related injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED). The objective of this study is to characterize moped-related injuries presenting to US EDs and obtain national estimates of moped injury incidence over time. METHODS Data regarding moped injuries were queried from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from calendar year 2007 to 2015. Data included diagnosis, body part injured, ED disposition, and patient demographics. RESULTS There were an estimated 114 729 moped-related injuries treated in US EDs from 2007 to 2015 (95% confidence interval, 102 156-127 302). In addition, there was an increase in the number of moped injuries annually (B = 762.1, P < .01). The average number of moped injuries yearly was 12 748. The mean age was 34 years. Patients between ages 19 and 38 years represented 42% of the study population. Men (74%) and whites (55%) accounted for most of the injured population. Most injuries were stabilized in the ED and discharged home (85%). Approximately 9% of injuries were admitted to the hospital, and fractures constituted 59% of all diagnoses admitted to the hospital. Contusions (27%) and fractures (24%) accounted for most diagnoses. The most common body part injured was the head (16%). CONCLUSIONS Moped injuries have increased since 2007 and mopeds are associated with severe injuries. Education and reexamination of current moped laws may decrease the number and severity of moped-related injuries.
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Baumgartner EN, Krastl G, Kühl S, Filippi A. Dental injuries with kick-scooters in 6- to 12-year-old children. Dent Traumatol 2011; 28:148-52. [PMID: 22051036 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2011.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of injuries, especially dental trauma, in scooter-related accidents. In addition, children's habits of wearing protective gear were assessed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted in primary schools in three neighboring towns near Basel, Switzerland, using anonymous multiple-choice questionnaires completed by parents of schoolchildren. RESULTS A total of 953 scooter riders were included in the study. The average age was 9.1 years (range 6-12 years). Of riders, 58.3% wore no protective gear, 39.6% wore a helmet, and 2% wore other protective equipment. Twenty-nine percentage of the children have sustained an accident while riding the scooter, of those injuries, 41.4% affected the lower extremities, 37.0% the upper extremities, 21.6% the head, and 11.2% dental injuries; 20.3% of accidents required medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS Parents, teachers, and doctors should be aware of the dangers involved in scooter riding. Educational measures, especially concerning use of protective gear, should be implemented to reduce the number and severity of injuries caused by this popular recreational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Nathalie Baumgartner
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Radiology and Oral Medicine, Centre of Dental Traumatology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Petronis KA, Welch JC, Pruitt CW. Independent risk factors for beach-related injuries in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2009; 48:534-8. [PMID: 19164132 DOI: 10.1177/0009922808330108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in a resort area during the summer tourist season to identify independent risk factors for injuries to children in a beach environment. Surveys including demographics, environmental and beach conditions, group characteristics, and hypothesized risk factors were administered to 28 cases and 105 controls. The most common injuries were lacerations and puncture wounds, followed by musculoskeletal injuries. The following environmental factors were found to significantly increase the risk for pediatric beach-related injury: rough/choppy water, cloudy weather, greater than 3 children in the group, participation by the child in water safety classes, and use of beach equipment (including boogie boards, skim boards, and kayaks). Providers who care for children can use this information to educate parents about beach safety. Targeted interventions that address these risk factors may reduce injuries sustained by children in a beach environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Petronis
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skimboarding is a recreational activity performed in shallow water in a beach setting. METHODS We reviewed patient records from our emergency department for a 52-month period and identified 79 patients with skimboard-related injuries. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 15.2 years; 73.4% presented with a fracture. Lower-extremity fractures were found 63.8% of the time, and upper extremity were found 36.2%. Distal radius fractures were the most common (61.9%) upper-extremity fracture, and ankle fractures were the most common (83.8%) lower-extremity fracture. The prevalence of fractures sustained while skimboarding was compared with that of other published series of recreational activities, including trampoline injuries, and was found to be higher. CONCLUSIONS Skimboarding is a sport in which injuries occur by the sudden deceleration of the board as it transitions from water to land or from falls into shallow water. The lower-extremity fracture prevalence is much higher than in similar sports such as skateboarding and surfing. The prevalence of fracture is also higher than that found in trampoline-related injury reports.
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