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Calderipe CB, Kirschnick LB, Esteves-Pereira TC, Dos Santos ES, Vasconcelos ACU, Lopes MA, Treister NS, Santos-Silva AR. Local anesthesia nerve block for managing burning mouth syndrome: a scoping review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024:S2212-4403(24)00394-8. [PMID: 39153883 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical scenarios in which nerve blocks are employed in the context of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). STUDY DESIGN This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR. A protocol was generated on Open Science Framework. Electronic searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, LILACS, and Cochrane, in addition to the grey literature and citations from Grémeau-Richard et al. (2010). RESULTS Nerve blocks were used for treatment purposes in all cases. The mandibular nerve and the stellate ganglion were both blocked in 50% studies, while the maxillary nerve and lingual nerve were blocked in 25% study each. The anesthetics used were lidocaine (50%) and bupivacaine (50%). Relief was generally reported after immediate block, and at a mean follow-up of 4.5 weeks, there was considerable improvement compared to the initial conditions when the mandibular and/or maxillary nerve were targeted. CONCLUSIONS The use of nerve blocks has been employed in the treatment of patients with refractory BMS. Clinical studies with standardized methodology are necessary to validate and understand the potential role of mandibular and maxillary nerve block in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Barcellos Calderipe
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Borges Kirschnick
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Erison Santana Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Uchoa Vasconcelos
- Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel Simon Treister
- Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Zhang X, Bai Y, Hou J, Chen W, Cheng K, Zi L, Wang P. Anatomical measurements of trigeminal ganglion: a cadaver study. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:98-105. [PMID: 37603209 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to obtain specific information regarding the trigeminal ganglion (TG), especially pediatric TG. The aim of present study was to determine the parameters of the TG and assist in the neuroablative treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Thirty-seven sides of cadaver heads that had undergone gross anatomical examination were included, with 29 sides of adults and 8 sides of infants. The distance and angles were measured among 12 points, with nine points adjacent to the TG and three points on the foramen ovale (FO). The three points on FO were represented as three different surgical approaches for TN: posterior FO approach (PFO), lateral FO approach (LFO), and anterior FO approach (AFO). A high similarity was found in pediatric TG. No statistical difference was detected in either the distance or the angles between the 12 points. Statistical difference was found in adult heads in some of the distances, which included PFO to point 5 (17.97 ± 3.35 mm in the left and 15.52 ± 2.28 mm in the right; p = 0.03) and LFO to point 5 and point 8. Moreover, the angle for PFO to point 5 showed a statistically significant difference (60.10 ± 14.02 in the left and 46.63 ± 10.48 in the right; p = 0.01). These findings revealed that surgical neuroablation for patients with TN should be performed more carefully when the PFO or LFO approach is adopted, with a precise preoperative evaluation to avoid corneal complications. Two safety radiofrequency rhizotomy points are also presented to deal with two different kinds of TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yong Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianfei Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, #705, Hongqiao South RD, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, #705, Hongqiao South RD, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Kailiang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Longjin Zi
- Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, #705, Hongqiao South RD, Alar, 843300, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Tarim University School of Medicine, #705, Hongqiao South RD, Alar, 843300, China.
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3
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Lee JY, Lee GH, Yi SH, Sim WS, Kim BW, Park HJ. Non-Surgical Treatments of Trigeminal Neuralgia from the Perspective of a Pain Physician: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2315. [PMID: 37626811 PMCID: PMC10452234 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a unilateral disorder characterized by electric shock-like pain, abrupt onset and termination, and limited to one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Various therapeutic modalities for TN have been introduced. We searched for literature indexed in PubMed, Medline, and the National Library of Medicine and reviewed all relevant articles on non-surgical treatments for TN. Published studies were reviewed with no restrictions on date; reviews, clinical trials, animal studies, retrospective studies, and cases were included. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are the recommended first-line pharmacotherapies. Interventional treatments should be considered when pharmacotherapy is insufficient or withdrawn because of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.)
| | - Gil Ho Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.)
| | - Seung Hyun Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.)
| | - Woo Seog Sim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea; (J.Y.L.)
| | - Bae Wook Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hue Jung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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4
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Onashko YM. CRANIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE OPENINGS POSITION OF THE FACIAL SKULL DIVISION DEPENDING ON THE GENDER OF A MATURE PERSON. BULLETIN OF PROBLEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29254/2077-4214-2022-4-167-307-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Rajagopalan S, Siva N, Novak A, Garavaglia J, Jelsema C. Safety and efficacy of peripheral nerve blocks to treat refractory headaches after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - A pilot observational study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1122384. [PMID: 37153680 PMCID: PMC10158792 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Headache after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (HASH) is common, severe, and often refractory to conventional treatments. Current treatment standards include medications including opioids, until the pain is mitigated. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) may be an effective therapeutic option for HASH. We conducted a small before-and-after study of PNBs to determine safety, feasibility, and efficacy in treatment of HASH. Methods We conducted a pilot before-and-after observational study and collected data for 5 patients in a retrospective control group and 5 patients in a prospective intervention PNB group over a 12-month period. All patients received a standard treatment of medications including acetaminophen, magnesium, gabapentin, dexamethasone and anti-spasmodics or anti-emetics as needed. Patients in the intervention group received bilateral greater occipital, lesser occipital, and supraorbital PNBs in addition to medications. The primary outcome was pain severity, measured by Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). All patients were followed for 1 week following enrollment. Results The mean ages in the PNB group and control group were 58.6 and 57.4, respectively. One patient in the control group developed radiographic vasospasm. Three patients in both groups had radiographic hydrocephalus and IVH, requiring external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. The PNB group had an average reduction in mean raw pain score of 2.76 (4.68, 1.92 p = 0.024), and relative pain score by 0.26 (0.48, 0.22 p = 0.026), compared to the control group. The reduction occurred immediately after PNB administration. Conclusion PNB can be a safe, feasible and effective treatment modality for HASH. Further investigations with a larger sample size are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarna Rajagopalan
- Department of Neurology, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Swarna Rajagopalan,
| | - Nanda Siva
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Andrew Novak
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jeffrey Garavaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Casey Jelsema
- Department of Statistics and Data Analytics, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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6
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Jacques N, Karoutsos S, Marais L, Nathan-Denizot N. Quality of life after trigeminal nerve block in refractory trigeminal neuralgia: A retrospective cohort study and literature review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221132027. [PMID: 36281027 PMCID: PMC9608051 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221132027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of trigeminal nerve block (TNB) on patients' quality of life (QOL) 15 days after the procedure in patients with refractory TN. METHODS This retrospective observational cohort study involved patients receiving TNB (levobupivacaine, clonidine, corticosteroid) between 2014 and 2018 at a postoperative pain clinic in France. Change in QOL from Day 0 (before block) to Day 15 was assessed according to SF-12. RESULTS 21 patients (62 ± 14 y) were included in the study. Most patients (71%) were referred following surgery or dentistry. Of the 9 patients (43%) who exhibited >10% increase in SF-12 scores and so were deemed responders, SF12-physical and SF12-mental were increased by mean differences of 17 and 9 points, respectively. The mean duration of block lasted 15 ± 59 days (range 1 to 90 days) and no severe adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSION Improved QOL was observed in approximately 50% of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) two weeks after specific nerve block. The technique was easy to administer and well accepted by the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jacques
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France,Nicolas Jacques, Département d’Anesthésie Réanimation, CHU Limoges, 2 avenue Martin Luther King 87042 Limoges, France.
| | - Simon Karoutsos
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Loïc Marais
- Centre d'Epidémiologie, de Biostatistique et de Méthodologie de la Recherche (CEBIMER), Limoges, France
| | - Nathalie Nathan-Denizot
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France,Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
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7
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Long-term outcomes for pain relief from intraorbital frontal nerve resection in idiopathic versus postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2022.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Araya EI, Baggio DF, Koren LDO, Schwarting RKW, Chichorro JG. Trigeminal neuropathic pain reduces 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats, which are restored by analgesic drugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174905. [PMID: 35354072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of neuropathic pain frequently associated with anxiety. The chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION) of rodents is a well-established model to study sensory alterations related to TN. However, few studies have addressed the emotional component of pain, which is fundamental to increase its translational capability. Emission of ultrasonic vocalization (USV) is considered a reliable measure of the emotional state of rats. Rats emit 50-kHz USVs in social and appetitive situations, whereas 22-kHz USVs may index a negative state. Studies suggest that persistent pain causes reduction in 50-kHz calls, but this may also indicate anxiety-like behavior. Thus, we hypothesize that CCI-ION would decrease 50-kHz calls and that pharmacological pain relief would restore USVs, without interfering with anxiety-like behavior. On day 15 after surgery, male rats were treated with local lidocaine, midazolam or carbamazepine to determine their effect on facial mechanical hyperalgesia, USV and anxiety-like behavior. The results showed that CCI-ION induced hyperalgesia, which was attenuated by lidocaine or carbamazepine, developed anxiety-like behavior, which was reduced only by midazolam, and displayed a reduced number of 50-kHz calls, compared to sham. Lidocaine and carbamazepine increased 50-kHz calls emitted by CCI-ION rats, but midazolam failed to change them. These data add information on the translational aspects of CCI-ION model and carbamazepine treatment for trigeminal neuropathic pain. Furthermore, they suggest that the reduction of USV in persistent pain conditions is related to spontaneous pain and reinforce the idea that it reflects the emotional component of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ivanna Araya
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Koren
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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9
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Suntiruamjairucksa J, Chentanez V. Localization of infraorbital foramen and accessory infraorbital foramen with reference to facial bony landmarks: predictive method and its accuracy. Anat Cell Biol 2022; 55:55-62. [PMID: 35131950 PMCID: PMC8968235 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vilai Chentanez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Robertson C. Cranial Neuralgias. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021; 27:665-685. [PMID: 34048398 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management of trigeminal neuralgia and reviews other neuralgias of the head and neck, including those that contribute to neuralgic ear pain. RECENT FINDINGS Most cases of trigeminal neuralgia are related to vascular compression, a demyelinating plaque, or a compressive mass affecting the trigeminal nerve. However, recent studies have shown that up to 11% of patients have a family history of trigeminal neuralgia, suggesting that some patients may have a genetic predisposition to demyelination or nerve hyperexcitability. In these patients, trigeminal neuralgia may occur at a younger age, on both sides of the face, or in combination with other neuralgias. SUMMARY When a patient presents with neuralgic pain, the diagnosis is made by careful history and neurologic examination, with attention to the dermatome involved, the triggers, and the presence of any associated sensory deficit. All patients with new neuralgia or neuropathic facial pain warrant a careful evaluation for a secondary cause. The presence of sensory deficit on bedside examination is particularly concerning for an underlying secondary etiology.
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11
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Burman S, Khandelwal A, Chaturvedi A. Recent Advances in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Its Management: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF NEUROANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic facial pain condition that affects one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve). It can be idiopathic, primary, or secondary. The cornerstone of the therapy has been antiepileptic medications, peripheral nerve blocks with various neurolytic agents, and surgical procedures. With the advent of newer technologies, minimally invasive neurolytic techniques like low-level laser therapy and ozone injection have revolutionized the management of TN. Novel drugs like vixotrigine and eslicarbazepine have been promising in reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. Inhaled carbon dioxide too has shown promising results in initial trials. Neuromodulation has given robust data in controlling neuralgic pain especially refractory to medical management. Pulsed radiofrequency has been used with increasing success and the side effects like dysesthesia and paresthesia are less. Cryotherapy, neural prolotherapy, and fiber knife techniques have helped us believe that TN can be controlled and cured. The need of the hour is to develop and explore newer modalities for trigeminal neuralgia treatment with minimum side effects. In this narrative review, we have tried to shed light into the newer modalities of treatment of TN along with new clinical classification for better disease recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Burman
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Khandelwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sharda University School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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12
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Seo HJ, Park CK, Choi MK, Ryu J, Park BJ. Clinical Outcome of Percutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Block in Elderly Patients in Outpatient Clinics. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2020; 63:814-820. [PMID: 33105531 PMCID: PMC7671772 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe neuropathic condition that affects several elderly patients. It is characterized by uncontrolled pain that significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the condition should be treated as an emergency. In the majority of patients, pain can be controlled with medication; however, other treatment modalities are being explored in those who become refractory to drug treatment. The use of the trigeminal nerve block with a local anesthetic serves as an excellent adjunct to drug treatment. This technique rapidly relieves the patient of pain while medications are being titrated to effective levels. We report the efficacy and safety of percutaneous trigeminal nerve block in elderly patients with TN at our outpatient clinic.
Methods Twenty-one patients older than 65 years with TN received percutaneous nerve block at our outpatient clinic. We used bupivacaine (1 mL/injection site) to block the supraorbital, infraorbital, superior alveolar, mental, and inferior alveolar nerves according to pain sites of patients.
Results All patients reported relief from pain, which decreased by approximately 78% after 2 weeks of nerve block. The effect lasted for more than 4 weeks in 12 patients and for 6 weeks in two patients. There were no complications.
Conclusion Percutaneous nerve block procedure performed at our outpatient clinic provided immediate relief from pain to elderly patients with TN. The procedure is simple, has no serious side effects, and is easy to apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyek Jun Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Kyu Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Kyu Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiwook Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong Jin Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Johnson AP, Boscoe E, Cabrera-Muffly C. Local Blocks and Regional Anesthesia in the Head and Neck. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2020; 53:739-751. [PMID: 32682528 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Local anesthesia is commonly used for head and neck procedures. Many anesthetic agents are available, with differing properties that can alter their durations of action and lengths of time to onset. These agents can be used acutely for laceration repair or as adjuncts to intravenous sedation. Local and regional anesthetic agents can also be used for chronic conditions. Several local anesthetic blocks are available. Local anesthesia has the potential for complications, ranging from issues with injection process, such as a broken needle, to reactions of the anesthetic agent. Some populations are more at risk for certain reactions to anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, MS: B205, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Boscoe
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, MS: B205, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Cristina Cabrera-Muffly
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, MS: B205, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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14
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Edvinsson JCA, Viganò A, Alekseeva A, Alieva E, Arruda R, De Luca C, D'Ettore N, Frattale I, Kurnukhina M, Macerola N, Malenkova E, Maiorova M, Novikova A, Řehulka P, Rapaccini V, Roshchina O, Vanderschueren G, Zvaune L, Andreou AP, Haanes KA. The fifth cranial nerve in headaches. J Headache Pain 2020; 21:65. [PMID: 32503421 PMCID: PMC7275328 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-020-01134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it connects to the brainstem and supplies various parts of the head and face with sensory innervation. In this review, we describe the neuroanatomical structures and pathways implicated in the sensation of the trigeminal system. Furthermore, we present the current understanding of several primary headaches, painful neuropathies and their pharmacological treatments. We hope that this overview can elucidate the complex field of headache pathologies, and their link to the trigeminal nerve, to a broader field of young scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C A Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - A Viganò
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - A Alekseeva
- Department of Neurology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Alieva
- GBUZ Regional Clinical Hospital № 2, Krasnodar, Russia
| | - R Arruda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - C De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Public Medicine, Laboratory of Morphology of Neuronal Network, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - N D'Ettore
- Department of Neurology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - I Frattale
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Kurnukhina
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, Lev Tolstoy Street 6-8, St.Petersburg, Russia.,The Leningrad Regional State Budgetary Institution of health care "Children's clinical hospital", St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - N Macerola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - E Malenkova
- Pain Department, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Maiorova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Novikova
- F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene, Mytishchy, Russia
| | - P Řehulka
- Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Rapaccini
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, University Hospital Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Umbria 2, Viale VIII Marzo, 05100, Terni, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Headache Center, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - O Roshchina
- Department of Neurology, First Pavlov State Medical University of St.Petersburg, St.Petersburg, Russia
| | - G Vanderschueren
- Department of Neurology, ZNA Middelheim, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - L Zvaune
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Pain Medicine, Hospital Jurmala, Jurmala, Latvia.,Headache Centre Vivendi, Riga, Latvia
| | - A P Andreou
- Headache Research, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,The Headache Centre, Guy's and St Thomas, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
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