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Beyraghi-Tousi M, Sahebkar A, Houra M, Sarvghadi P, Jamialahmadi T, Bagheri R, Tavallaie S, Gumpricht E, Saberi-Karimian M. Efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-L-leucine in patients with ataxia telangiectasia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 50:57-63. [PMID: 38669738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder. Most patients have progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, frequent pulmonary infection, and an increased risk of malignancies. Although N-acetyl-dl-leucine (ADLL) has shown some efficacy in patients with AT, its more pharmacologically active enantiomer, N-acetyl-l-leucine (NALL), has just recently been investigated in ataxic individuals. The current study assessed the efficacy of NALL in patients with AT. METHODS This 2 × 2 crossover, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients with AT. After excluding four patients, 16 subjects (eight females, eight males; mean age 9.8 ± 3.5 years) with a definitive genetic diagnosis of AT were randomly assigned to one of two study groups, with one group receiving 1-4 g/day NALL or a placebo for six weeks. Subjects then had a 4-week washout before crossing over to the other treatment for an additional six weeks. The Spinocerebellar Ataxia Functional Index (SCAFI) and the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) score assessed patients' motor function. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated by a specialist using the PedsQL questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken from all subjects before and after each intervention to determine potential side effects. RESULTS Although patients' nausea and constipation were improved, the results failed to reveal any significant benefits of NALL treatment on ataxia symptoms. NALL treatment had no significant effects on SARA, SCAFI-9HPT (9-hole peg test) nondominant, SCAFI-9HPT dominant, or SCAFI-8WMT (8 m walking time) (p > 0.05). Our patient's Physical Health score in Child self-report and Parent proxy-report did not significantly change in the treatment group compared to the placebo (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant changes in energy and macronutrient intake after NALL treatment. None of the volunteers reported serious or moderate side effects. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this was the first placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial exploring NALL's potential effects for treating AT. Despite improvements in some symptomss, NALL intervention failed to improve motor function significantly. However, patients' nausea and constipation were improved by NALL, which can be a relevant benefit clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Beyraghi-Tousi
- Department of Pediatric Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahsa Houra
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Tavallaie
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Saberi-Karimian
- Lung Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ovchinnikov DA, Withey SL, Leeson HC, Lei UW, Sundarrajan A, Junday K, Pewarchuk M, Yeo AJ, Kijas AW, Lavin MF, Wolvetang EJ. Correction of ATM mutations in iPS cells from two ataxia-telangiectasia patients restores DNA damage and oxidative stress responses. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:990-1001. [PMID: 32037450 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) lack a functional ATM kinase protein and exhibit defective repair of DNA double-stranded breaks and response to oxidative stress. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-assisted gene correction combined with piggyBac (PB) transposon-mediated excision of the selection cassette enables seamless restoration of functional ATM alleles in induced pluripotent stem cells from an A-T patient carrying compound heterozygous exonic missense/frameshift mutations, and from a patient with a homozygous splicing acceptor mutation of an internal coding exon. We show that the correction of one allele restores expression of ~ 50% of full-length ATM protein and ameliorates DNA damage-induced activation (auto-phosphorylation) of ATM and phosphorylation of its downstream targets, KAP-1 and H2AX. Restoration of ATM function also normalizes radiosensitivity, mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis levels in A-T iPSC lines, demonstrating that restoration of a single ATM allele is sufficient to rescue key ATM functions. Our data further show that despite the absence of a functional ATM kinase, homology-directed repair and seamless correction of a pathogenic ATM mutation is possible. The isogenic pairs of A-T and gene-corrected iPSCs described here constitute valuable tools for elucidating the role of ATM in ageing and A-T pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Ovchinnikov
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,StemCore, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sarah L Withey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hannah C Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - U Wang Lei
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashmitha Sundarrajan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keerat Junday
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michelle Pewarchuk
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abrey J Yeo
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Amanda W Kijas
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martin F Lavin
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Barreto TLN, Kotchetkoff ECDA, Lago CSA, Sarni ROS. Agreement of cardiovascular risk in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated heterozygotes and their children with Ataxia-telangiectasia. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1780117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Zhu LS, Wang DQ, Cui K, Liu D, Zhu LQ. Emerging Perspectives on DNA Double-strand Breaks in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1146-1157. [PMID: 31362659 PMCID: PMC7057204 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190726115623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are common events that were recognized as one of the most toxic lesions in eukaryotic cells. DSBs are widely involved in many physiological processes such as V(D)J recombination, meiotic recombination, DNA replication and transcription. Deregulation of DSBs has been reported in multiple diseases in human beings, such as the neurodegenerative diseases, with which the underlying mechanisms are needed to be illustrated. Here, we reviewed the recent insights into the dysfunction of DSB formation and repair, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's disease (HD) and ataxia telangiectasia (A-T).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China; Tel: 862783692625; Fax: 862783692608; E-mail:
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5
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Hoang TK, Albert DA. Novel presentations of periodic fever syndromes: Discrepancies between genetic and clinical diagnoses. Eur J Rheumatol 2018; 6:12-18. [PMID: 30407166 PMCID: PMC6459325 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2018.18023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The Periodic fever syndromes (PFS) are a group of disorders of the innate immune system. We investigated patients diagnosed with PFS at the Dartmouth Hitchcock Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic. Methods Case acquisition was performed by reviewing ICD 9/10 coded records for familial Mediterranean fever (ICD 9 277.31), laboratory test records for PFS genetic screening, and clinic records between 1/1/2011 and 12/31/2017. Results Twenty-seven cases had clinical evaluations including PFS genetic screening. Clinical diagnoses included familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (10 cases), Muckle-Wells (2 cases), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS) (4 cases), hyper IgD syndrome (HIDS) (1 case), Crohn’s Disease (1 case), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) (1 case), fever of unknown origin (FUO) (1 case), periodic fever adenitis pharyngitis aphthous ulcer (PFAPA) (6 cases), and cold-induced urticaria (1 case). Fifteen cases were associated with a genetic cause. Seven of the 10 FMF cases were confirmed genetically and were either heterozygous or compound heterozygotes. Both cases of Muckle-Wells had either a compound heterozygote for CIAS 1 or a NOD gene mutation. Both TRAPS cases presented atypically with patients developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or being asymptomatic. Two patients had novel syndromes. One FMF patient had a TRNT1 gene mutation who responded to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and colchicine after failing multiple treatments. The other had SoJIA with a LPIN 2 gene mutation but responded to colchicine. Only one of the 15 genetically proven cases had classical presentation and genetics (HIDS secondary to a mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene mutation). Conclusion PFS screening was helpful in over half of the cases to develop therapeutic treatment plans. Given the atypical clinical presentations seen with genetically determined PFS, extensive genetic testing is indicated for all patients presenting with a PFS, excluding classical PFAPA syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Hoang
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Daniel A Albert
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, New Hampshire, USA
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Khan T, Khan M, Yousaf A, Khan S, Naeem M, Shah A, Murtaza G, Ali A, Jabeen N, Hussain HMJ, Ma H, Zhang Y, Zubair M, Jiang X, Zhang H. Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel dominant missense mutation underlying leukonychia in a Pakistani family. J Hum Genet 2018; 63:1071-1076. [PMID: 30033443 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-018-0491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary leukonychia (also known as porcelain nails or white nails) is a genetic disorder. It may exist as an isolated feature or associated with other cutaneous or systemic disorders. Although a number of genes have been described to cause leukonychia, still the underlying genetic etiologies of many cases remain unknown. Here, we report a Pakistani family presenting leukonychia and koilonychia nails in mother and five of her kids. All the affected individuals had white to pale nails in appearance exhibiting complete and partial leukonychia, respectively. Similarly, nails of finger and toe appeared brittle and concave, showing the characteristics features of koilonychia. Whole exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing identified a pathogenic novel missense mutation (c.1390G>A, p.Glu464Lys) in PLCD1, co-segregating with the disorder in an autosomal dominant pattern. In silico prediction tools supported the pathogenicity of the identified mutation. Literature review determined that mutations in PLCD1 only cause leukonychia. Therefore, our findings add another pathogenic variant to the PLCD1 mutation pool causing leukonychia that would help to understand the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teka Khan
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Manan Khan
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Ayesha Yousaf
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Medical Genetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Akram Shah
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Asim Ali
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Nazish Jabeen
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Ma
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- USTC-SJH Joint Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Diseases, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, School of Life Sciences, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China.
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Zaki-Dizaji M, Akrami SM, Azizi G, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. Inflammation, a significant player of Ataxia-Telangiectasia pathogenesis? Inflamm Res 2018; 67:559-570. [PMID: 29582093 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ataxia-Telangiectasia (A-T) syndrome is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, chromosome instability, radiosensitivity, and predisposition to malignancy. There is growing evidence that A-T patients suffer from pathologic inflammation that is responsible for many symptoms of this syndrome, including neurodegeneration, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, accelerated aging, and insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological studies have shown A-T heterozygotes, somewhat like deficient patients, are susceptible to ionizing irradiation and have a higher risk of cancers and metabolic disorders. AREA COVERED This review summarizes clinical and molecular findings of inflammation in A-T syndrome. CONCLUSION Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a master regulator of the DNA damage response is the protein known to be associated with A-T and has a complex nuclear and cytoplasmic role. Loss of ATM function may induce immune deregulation and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Zaki-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Akrami
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, 14194, Iran.
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Kotchetkoff ECDA, Souza FISD, Fonseca FLA, Hix S, Ajzen SA, Shigueoka DC, Carvalho BTC, Sarni ROS. Assessing cardiovascular risk in ATM heterozygotes. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2018; 64:148-153. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.02.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary Objective: To evaluate the carotid intima-media complex (CIMC) thickness and lipid metabolism biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk (CR) in parents of patients with ataxia-telangiectasia and verify an association with gender. Method: A cross-sectional and controlled study with 29 ATM heterozygotes and 14 healthy controls. Biochemical tests and CIMC thickness measurement were performed. Results: The mean CIMC measurement in heterozygous ATM was 0.72 ± 0.1 mm (minimum: 0.5 mm and maximum: 1.0 mm). Noticed high percentage of amounts above 75 percentile compared to the population referential (16 [76.2%]), without any significant statistical differences between the female and the male gender (11/15 [73.3%] vs. 5/6 [83.3%]; p=0.550). The comparison between heterozygous and controls, stratified by gender, showed that in heterozygous ATMs, women had higher concentrations of HDL-c compared to men, as well as higher values of hs-CRP in relation to the control women. In heterozygous ATMs, stratified by gender, the correlation between HDL-c and hs-CRP was inversely proportional and stronger among women, with a tendency to statistical significance. Conclusion: Heterozygous ATMs did not differ from controls in relation to the biomarkers studied related to CR. However, most of them presented increased CIMC, independent predictor of death, risk for myocardial infarction and stroke, compared to the referential for the same age group. This finding suggests CR in the heterozygous ATM and shows to the need to monitor CIMC thickness and nutritional orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonia Hix
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Brazil
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Popadin K, Peischl S, Garieri M, Sailani MR, Letourneau A, Santoni F, Lukowski SW, Bazykin GA, Nikolaev S, Meyer D, Excoffier L, Reymond A, Antonarakis SE. Slightly deleterious genomic variants and transcriptome perturbations in Down syndrome embryonic selection. Genome Res 2017; 28:1-10. [PMID: 29237728 PMCID: PMC5749173 DOI: 10.1101/gr.228411.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of aneuploid fetuses are spontaneously miscarried. Nevertheless, some aneuploid individuals survive despite the strong genetic insult. Here, we investigate if the survival probability of aneuploid fetuses is affected by the genome-wide burden of slightly deleterious variants. We analyzed two cohorts of live-born Down syndrome individuals (388 genotyped samples and 16 fibroblast transcriptomes) and observed a deficit of slightly deleterious variants on Chromosome 21 and decreased transcriptome-wide variation in the expression level of highly constrained genes. We interpret these results as signatures of embryonic selection, and propose a genetic handicap model whereby an individual bearing an extremely severe deleterious variant (such as aneuploidy) could escape embryonic lethality if the genome-wide burden of slightly deleterious variants is sufficiently low. This approach can be used to study the composition and effect of the numerous slightly deleterious variants in humans and model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Popadin
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236041, Russia.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Peischl
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Garieri
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Reza Sailani
- Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Audrey Letourneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Federico Santoni
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Georgii A Bazykin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Center for Data-Intensive Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, 143026, Russia
| | - Sergey Nikolaev
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Diogo Meyer
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Sao Paulo, 05508-090, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Excoffier
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Institute for Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Gansmo LB, Vatten L, Romundstad P, Hveem K, Ryan BM, Harris CC, Knappskog S, Lønning PE. Associations between the MDM2 promoter P1 polymorphism del1518 (rs3730485) and incidence of cancer of the breast, lung, colon and prostate. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28637-46. [PMID: 27081698 PMCID: PMC5053751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MDM2 promoter region contains several polymorphisms, some of which have been associated with MDM2 expression, cancer risk and age at cancer onset. del1518 (rs3730485) is an indel polymorphism residing in the MDM2 promoter P1 and is in almost complete linkage disequilibrium with the MDM2 promoter P2 polymorphism SNP309T>G (rs2279744). Cancer risk assessments of del1518 have previously been conducted in relatively small Chinese populations only. In this study we assessed the genotype distribution of del1518 among healthy Caucasians, African Americans and Chinese, and we estimated the Odds Ratios (OR) for incident cancer of the breast, colon, lung and prostate (n=7,081) as compared to controls (n=3,749) in a large Caucasian (Norwegian) cohort.We found the genotypes of the del1518 to vary significantly between healthy Caucasians, African-Americans and Chinese (p< 1×10-5). Further, we found a positive association of the del1518 del-allele with risk of colon cancer (dominant model: OR = 1.15; 95 % CI = 1.01 - 1.31). Stratifying according to SNP309 status, this association remained among carriers of the SNP309TG genotype (OR = 1.21; 95 % CI = 1.01 - 1.46), but with no clear association among carriers of the SNP309TT genotype. In conclusion, our findings suggest del1518 to be associated with increased risk of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv B Gansmo
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Per E Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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11
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van Os N, Roeleveld N, Weemaes C, Jongmans M, Janssens G, Taylor A, Hoogerbrugge N, Willemsen M. Health risks for ataxia-telangiectasia mutated heterozygotes: a systematic review, meta-analysis and evidence-based guideline. Clin Genet 2016; 90:105-17. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.J.H. van Os
- Department of Neurology - Pediatric Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - N. Roeleveld
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - C.M.R. Weemaes
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M.C.J. Jongmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - G.O. Janssens
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Medical Center Utrecht and Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - A.M.R. Taylor
- School of Cancer Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - N. Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud university medical center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - M.A.A.P. Willemsen
- Department of Neurology - Pediatric Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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12
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13
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Russell R, Perkhofer L, Liebau S, Lin Q, Lechel A, Feld FM, Hessmann E, Gaedcke J, Güthle M, Zenke M, Hartmann D, von Figura G, Weissinger SE, Rudolph KL, Möller P, Lennerz JK, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Kleger A. Loss of ATM accelerates pancreatic cancer formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7677. [PMID: 26220524 PMCID: PMC4532798 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with accumulation of particular oncogenic mutations and recent genetic sequencing studies have identified ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) mutations in PDAC cohorts. Here we report that conditional deletion of ATM in a mouse model of PDAC induces a greater number of proliferative precursor lesions coupled with a pronounced fibrotic reaction. ATM-targeted mice display altered TGFβ-superfamily signalling and enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) coupled with shortened survival. Notably, our mouse model recapitulates many features of more aggressive human PDAC subtypes. Particularly, we report that low expression of ATM predicts EMT, a gene signature specific for Bmp4 signalling and poor prognosis in human PDAC. Our data suggest an intimate link between ATM expression and pancreatic cancer progression in mice and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Russell
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Oesterbergstr. 3, Tuebingen 72074, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - André Lechel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Fenja M Feld
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology II, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Jochen Gaedcke
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Melanie Güthle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstr. 30, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Lenhard Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V., Beutenbergstr. 11, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Peter Möller
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Jochen K Lennerz
- Institute of Pathology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, Ulm 89081, Germany
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14
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Gansmo LB, Knappskog S, Romundstad P, Hveem K, Vatten L, Lønning PE. Influence of
MDM2
SNP309 and SNP285 status on the risk of cancer in the breast, prostate, lung and colon. Int J Cancer 2014; 137:96-103. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liv B. Gansmo
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
| | - Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
| | - Pål Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim Norway
| | - Per E. Lønning
- Section of Oncology, Department of Clinical ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen Norway
- Department of OncologyHaukeland University HospitalBergen Norway
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15
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Katoh M. Cardio-miRNAs and onco-miRNAs: circulating miRNA-based diagnostics for non-cancerous and cancerous diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:61. [PMID: 25364765 PMCID: PMC4207049 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancers are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that primarily repress target mRNAs. Here, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 were selected as representative cardio-miRs that are upregulated in human heart failure. To bridge the gap between miRNA studies in cardiology and oncology, the targets and functions of these miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases and cancers will be reviewed. ACVR1B, BCL2, BIM, eNOS, FGFR3, JPH2, MEN1, MYC, p16, and ST7L are miR-24 targets that have been experimentally validated in human cells. ARID3B, BAK1, BCL2, BMPR1B, ERBB2, FGFR2, IL6R, MUC1, SITR7, Smoothened, STAT3, TET2, and TP53 are representative miR-125b targets. ACVR2A, BCL2, CCND1, E2F3, GLUT3, MYB, RAF1, VEGF, WEE1, and WNT7A are representative miR-195 targets. BCL2L2, ß-catenin, BIM, CADM1, EZH2, FGFR1, NRAS, PTEN, TP53, and TWIST1 are representative miR-214 targets. miR-125b is a good cardio-miR that protects cardiomyocytes; miR-195 is a bad cardio-miR that elicits cardiomyopathy and heart failure; miR-24 and miR-214 are bi-functional cardio-miRs. By contrast, miR-24, miR-125b, miR-195, and miR-214 function as oncogenic or tumor suppressor miRNAs in a cancer (sub)type-dependent manner. Circulating miR-24 is elevated in diabetes, breast cancer and lung cancer. Circulating miR-195 is elevated in acute myocardial infarction, breast cancer, prostate cancer and colorectal adenoma. Circulating miR-125b and miR-214 are elevated in some cancers. Cardio-miRs and onco-miRs bear some similarities in functions and circulation profiles. miRNAs regulate WNT, FGF, Hedgehog and other signaling cascades that are involved in orchestration of embryogenesis and homeostasis as well as pathogenesis of human diseases. Because circulating miRNA profiles are modulated by genetic and environmental factors and are dysregulated by genetic and epigenetic alterations in somatic cells, circulating miRNA association studies (CMASs) within several thousands of cases each for common non-cancerous diseases and major cancers are necessary for miRNA-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Chu H, Hui G, Yuan L, Shi D, Wang Y, Du M, Zhong D, Ma L, Tong N, Qin C, Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang M. Identification of novel piRNAs in bladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 356:561-7. [PMID: 25305452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a newly identified class of small non-coding RNAs that can play important roles in germline development and carcinogenesis. In this study, piRNA microarrays were used to investigate global piRNA expression in three bladder cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues. Using the 3' untranslated region (UTR) sequence complementarily method, we predicted the target gene of piRNA. Our results showed that the expression levels of 106 piRNAs were up-regulated and 91 were down-regulated in bladder cancer tissues, among which the fold-change of down-regulated piRNA DQ594040 associated with bladder cancer (piRABC) was the highest piRNA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to confirm piRABC expression in paired bladder cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissues (n = 25). Over-expression of piRABC can inhibit bladder cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and promote cell apoptosis (all P < 0.05). Luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that piRABC could increase the luciferase activity of TNFSF4. Western blotting analyses and ELISA assays also confirmed that the expression of TNFSF4 protein was up-regulated in control subjects compared with bladder cancer subjects. In conclusion, piRABC plays a crucial role in the development of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaoyun Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of TCM, Nanjing, China
| | - Danni Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyan Zhong
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Meilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Ferracin M, Bassi C, Pedriali M, Pagotto S, D'Abundo L, Zagatti B, Corrà F, Musa G, Callegari E, Lupini L, Volpato S, Querzoli P, Negrini M. miR-125b targets erythropoietin and its receptor and their expression correlates with metastatic potential and ERBB2/HER2 expression. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:130. [PMID: 24165569 PMCID: PMC4176119 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microRNA 125b is a double-faced gene expression regulator described both as a tumor suppressor gene (in solid tumors) and an oncogene (in hematologic malignancies). In human breast cancer, it is one of the most down-regulated miRNAs and is able to modulate ERBB2/3 expression. Here, we investigated its targets in breast cancer cell lines after miRNA-mimic transfection. We examined the interactions of the validated targets with ERBB2 oncogene and the correlation of miR-125b expression with clinical variables. Methods MiR-125b possible targets were identified after transfecting a miRNA-mimic in MCF7 cell line and analyzing gene expression modifications with Agilent microarrays and Sylamer bioinformatic tool. Erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) were validated as targets of miR-125b by luciferase assay and their expression was assessed by RT-qPCR in 42 breast cancers and 13 normal samples. The molecular talk between EPOR and ERBB2 transcripts, through miR-125b, was explored transfecting MDA-MD-453 and MDA-MB-157 with ERBB2 RNA and using RT-qPCR. Results We identified a panel of genes down-regulated after miR-125b transfection and putative targets of miR-125b. Among them, we validated erythropoietin (EPO) and its receptor (EPOR) - frequently overexpressed in breast cancer - as true targets of miR-125b. Moreover, we explored possible correlations with clinical variables and we found a down-regulation of miR-125b in metastatic breast cancers and a significant positive correlation between EPOR and ERBB2/HER2 levels, that are both targets of miR-125b and function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). Conclusions Taken together our results show a mechanism for EPO/EPOR and ERBB2 co-regulation in breast cancer and confirm the importance of miR-125b in controlling clinically-relevant cancer features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Zhang L, Simpson DA, Innes CL, Chou J, Bushel PR, Paules RS, Kaufmann WK, Zhou T. Gene expression signatures but not cell cycle checkpoint functions distinguish AT carriers from normal individuals. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:907-16. [PMID: 23943852 PMCID: PMC3798780 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00064.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM). AT carriers with one mutant ATM allele are usually not severely affected although they carry an increased risk of developing cancer. There has not been an easy and reliable diagnostic method to identify AT carriers. Cell cycle checkpoint functions upon ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and gene expression signatures were analyzed in the current study to test for differential responses in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different ATM genotypes. While both dose- and time-dependent G1 and G2 checkpoint functions were highly attenuated in ATM-/- cell lines, these functions were preserved in ATM+/- cell lines equivalent to ATM+/+ cell lines. However, gene expression signatures at both baseline (consisting of 203 probes) and post-IR treatment (consisting of 126 probes) were able to distinguish ATM+/- cell lines from ATM+/+ and ATM-/- cell lines. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of the genes in the baseline signature indicate that ATM function-related categories, DNA metabolism, cell cycle, cell death control, and the p53 signaling pathway, were overrepresented. The same analyses of the genes in the IR-responsive signature revealed that biological categories including response to DNA damage stimulus, p53 signaling, and cell cycle pathways were overrepresented, which again confirmed involvement of ATM functions. The results indicate that AT carriers who have unaffected G1 and G2 checkpoint functions can be distinguished from normal individuals and AT patients by expression signatures of genes related to ATM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Martin NT, Nakamura K, Davies R, Nahas SA, Brown C, Tunuguntla R, Gatti RA, Hu H. ATM-dependent MiR-335 targets CtIP and modulates the DNA damage response. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003505. [PMID: 23696749 PMCID: PMC3656122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ATM plays a critical role in cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We describe a new ATM–mediated DSB–induced DNA damage response pathway involving microRNA (miRNA): irradiation (IR)-induced DSBs activate ATM, which leads to the downregulation of miR-335, a miRNA that targets CtIP, which is an important trigger of DNA end resection in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We demonstrate that CREB is responsible for a large portion of miR-335 expression by binding to the promoter region of miR-335. CREB binding is greatly reduced after IR, corroborating with previous studies that IR-activated ATM phosphorylates CREB to reduce its transcription activity. Overexpression of miR-335 in HeLa cells resulted in reduced CtIP levels and post-IR colony survival and BRCA1 foci formation. Further, in two patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines with decreased post-IR colony survival, a “radiosensitive” phenotype, we demonstrated elevated miR-335 expression, reduced CtIP levels, and reduced BRCA1 foci formation. Colony survival, BRCA1 foci, and CtIP levels were partially rescued by miRNA antisense AMO-miR-335 treatment. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that an ATM–dependent CREB–miR-335–CtIP axis influences the selection of HRR for repair of certain DSB lesions. ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated) serine/threonine kinase plays a critical role in coordinating the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), such as cell cycle checkpoint, DNA repair, and apoptosis. miRNAs have been reported to be involved in many cellular processes, and their role in DSB–triggered DNA damage response (DDR) is just being elucidated. Here we describe a novel DSB response mechanism whereby ATM–dependent miR-335 downregulates CtIP. CtIP is a multifunctional protein that is crucial for DNA homologous recombination repair; and we show, for the first time, that this protein is subject to miRNA downregulation. CtIP downregulation was verified in cell lines from radiosensitive patients, and we demonstrate that this pathway contributes to radiosensitization and DNA repair defects in BRCA1 foci formation and cell cycle checkpoint. Given that miR-335 is also a tumor metastasis suppressor, our finding suggests that miR-335 overexpression could not only increase tumor sensitivity to radiation or chemical therapy but also inhibit tumor metastasis or re-initiation of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Martin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Tili E, Michaille JJ, Croce CM. MicroRNAs play a central role in molecular dysfunctions linking inflammation with cancer. Immunol Rev 2013; 253:167-84. [PMID: 23550646 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmerina Tili
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
| | | | - Carlo M. Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology; Immunology and Medical Genetics; The Ohio State University Medical Center; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Columbus; OH; USA
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Weiguang Y, Dalin L, Lidan X, Yonggang C, Shuang C, Yanhong L, Fengyan X, Zhenkun F, Da P, Dianjun L. Association of OX40L polymorphisms with sporadic breast cancer in northeast Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41277. [PMID: 22870213 PMCID: PMC3411723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OX40L is an important costimulatory molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of T-cell-mediated immunity. The interaction of OX40-OX40L is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), carotid artery disease and cancer. The genetic variants of OX40L can increase the risk of SLE, atherosclerosis, systemic sclerosis and show gender-specific effects in some studies. Accordingly, we performed a case-control study including 557 breast cancer patients and 580 age- and sex-matched healthy controls to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the OX40L gene are associated with sporadic breast cancer susceptibility and progression in Chinese Han women. Seven SNPs of OX40L (rs6661173, rs1234313, rs3850641, rs1234315, rs12039904, rs844648 and rs10912580) were genotyped with the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results indicated that rs3850641G allele could increase the susceptibility to breast cancer (P = 0.009662), even in the validation study (P = 0.0001515). A significant association between rs3850641 and breast cancer risk was observed under the additive model and dominant model (P = 0.01042 and 0.01942, respectively). The haplotype analysis showed that haplotype A(rs844648)A(rs10912580) was significantly associated with breast cancer, even after 10,000 permutations for haplotypes in block only (P = 0.0003). In clinicopathologic features analysis, the association between rs1234315 and C-erbB2 status was significant (P = 0.02541). Our data primarily indicates that rs3850641 of OX40L gene contributes to sporadic breast carcinogenesis in a northeast Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Weiguang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Dalin
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Lidan
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Cai Yonggang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Shuang
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liu Yanhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Fengyan
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu Zhenkun
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pang Da
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (PD); (LD)
| | - Li Dianjun
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (PD); (LD)
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Farooqi AA, Naqi A, Qureshi MZ, Rana A, Khan A, Riaz AM, Afzal SMF, Rasheed N, Bhatti S. Prostate cancer is known by the companionship with ATM and miRNA it keeps: craftsmen of translation have dual behaviour with tailors of life thread. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:611-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Lab for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine; Rashid Latif Medical College; Lahore; Pakistan
| | - Ali Naqi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Lahore; Lahore; Pakistan
| | | | - Aamir Rana
- NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology; National University of Science and Technology; Islamabad; Pakistan
| | - Ammara Khan
- NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology; National University of Science and Technology; Islamabad; Pakistan
| | - Asma M. Riaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Lahore; Lahore; Pakistan
| | | | - Nabeelah Rasheed
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Lahore; Lahore; Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Bhatti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; The University of Lahore; Lahore; Pakistan
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Maussion G, Yang J, Yerko V, Barker P, Mechawar N, Ernst C, Turecki G. Regulation of a truncated form of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) by Hsa-miR-185* in frontal cortex of suicide completers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39301. [PMID: 22802923 PMCID: PMC3382618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TrkB-T1 is a BDNF receptor lacking a tyrosine kinase domain that is highly expressed in astrocytes and regulates BDNF-evoked calcium transients. Previous studies indicate that downregulation of TrkB-T1 in frontal cortex may be involved in neurobiological processes underlying suicide. Methods In a microarray screening study (N = 8), we interrogated all known microRNA in the frontal cortex of suicide completers with low expression of TrkB-T1 and normal controls. These findings were validated and followed up in a larger sample of cases and controls (N = 55). Functional analyses included microRNA silencing, microRNA overexpression and luciferase assays to investigate specificity and to validate interactions between differentially expressed microRNA and TrkB-T1. Results MicroRNAs Hsa-miR-185* and Hsa-miR-491-3p were upregulated in suicide completers with low expression of TrkB.T1 (Pnominal: 9.10−5 and 1.8.10−4 respectively; FDR-corrected p = 0.031). Bioinformatic analyses revealed five putative binding sites for the DiGeorge syndrome linked microRNA Hsa-miR-185*in the 3′UTR of TrkB-T1, but none for Hsa-miR-491-3P. The increase of Hsa-miR-185* in frontal cortex of suicide completers was validated then confirmed in a larger, randomly selected group of suicide completers, where an inverse correlation between Hsa-miR-185* and TrkB-T1 expression was observed (R = −0.439; p = 0.001). Silencing and overexpression studies performed in human cell lines confirmed the inverse relationship between hsa-mir-185* and trkB-T1 expression. Luciferase assays demonstrated that Hsa-miR-185* binds to sequences in the 3′UTR of TrkB-T1. Conclusion These results suggest that an increase of Hsa-miR-185* expression levels regulates, at least in part, the TrkB-T1 decrease observed in the frontal cortex of suicide completers and further implicate the 22q11 region in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Maussion
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennie Yang
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Volodymyr Yerko
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip Barker
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl Ernst
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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24
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Knappskog S, Lønning PE. Effects of the MDM2 promoter SNP285 and SNP309 on Sp1 transcription factor binding and cancer risk. Transcription 2012; 2:207-10. [PMID: 22231115 DOI: 10.4161/trns.2.5.16813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The proto-oncogene MDM2 inhibits p53 and plays a key role in cell growth control and apoptosis. Identification of two antagonizing MDM2 polymorphisms, SNP285 and SNP309, affecting cancer risk through modulation of Sp1 transcription factor binding, shed new light on the biological activity and phylogeny of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen; Bergen, Norway.
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25
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Seager AL, Shah UK, Mikhail JM, Nelson BC, Marquis BJ, Doak SH, Johnson GE, Griffiths SM, Carmichael PL, Scott SJ, Scott AD, Jenkins GJS. Pro-oxidant induced DNA damage in human lymphoblastoid cells: homeostatic mechanisms of genotoxic tolerance. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:387-97. [PMID: 22539617 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to many disease etiologies including ageing, neurodegeneration, and cancer, partly through DNA damage induction (genotoxicity). Understanding the i nteractions of free radicals with DNA is fundamental to discern mutation risks. In genetic toxicology, regulatory authorities consider that most genotoxins exhibit a linear relationship between dose and mutagenic response. Yet, homeostatic mechanisms, including DNA repair, that allow cells to tolerate low levels of genotoxic exposure exist. Acceptance of thresholds for genotoxicity has widespread consequences in terms of understanding cancer risk and regulating human exposure to chemicals/drugs. Three pro-oxidant chemicals, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), potassium bromate (KBrO(3)), and menadione, were examined for low dose-response curves in human lymphoblastoid cells. DNA repair and antioxidant capacity were assessed as possible threshold mechanisms. H(2)O(2) and KBrO(3), but not menadione, exhibited thresholded responses, containing a range of nongenotoxic low doses. Levels of the DNA glycosylase 8-oxoguanine glycosylase were unchanged in response to pro- oxidant stress. DNA repair-focused gene expression arrays reported changes in ATM and BRCA1, involved in double-strand break repair, in response to low-dose pro-oxidant exposure; however, these alterations were not substantiated at the protein level. Determination of oxidatively induced DNA damage in H(2)O(2)-treated AHH-1 cells reported accumulation of thymine glycol above the genotoxic threshold. Further, the H(2)O(2) dose-response curve was shifted by modulating the antioxidant glutathione. Hence, observed pro- oxidant thresholds were due to protective capacities of base excision repair enzymes and antioxidants against DNA damage, highlighting the importance of homeostatic mechanisms in "genotoxic tolerance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Seager
- DNA Damage Research Group, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, SA2 8PP, UK
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aiding our understanding of cancer biology, and are now coming close to therapeutic use as well. Here, we focus specifically on the interaction between miRNAs and genomic instability. MiRNA regulation is essential to many cellular processes, and escape from this regulatory network seems to be a common characteristic of malignant transformation. Genomic instability may preferentially target miRNAs either because of selective pressure or because of inherent vulnerability related to their location near fragile sites. Furthermore, disruption of miRNA processing elements affords a more global release from miRNA regulation. Finally, we review how miRNAs function as both effectors and modulators of the DNA damage response, intricately weaved with traditional elements such as ATM, P53, and MMR. Thus, miRNAs are important substrates for genomic instability and play a crucial role in cellular DNA sensing and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Avi Landau
- Department of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine and the Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Hanin G, Soreq H. Cholinesterase-Targeting microRNAs Identified in silico Affect Specific Biological Processes. Front Mol Neurosci 2011; 4:28. [PMID: 22007158 PMCID: PMC3186941 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) have emerged as important gene silencers affecting many target mRNAs. Here, we report the identification of 244 miRs that target the 3′-untranslated regions of different cholinesterase transcripts: 116 for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), 47 for the synaptic acetylcholinesterase (AChE-S) splice variant, and 81 for the normally rare splice variant AChE-R. Of these, 11 and 6 miRs target both AChE-S and AChE-R, and AChE-R and BChE transcripts, respectively. BChE and AChE-S showed no overlapping miRs, attesting to their distinct modes of miR regulation. Generally, miRs can suppress a number of targets; thereby controlling an entire battery of functions. To evaluate the importance of the cholinesterase-targeted miRs in other specific biological processes we searched for their other experimentally validated target transcripts and analyzed the gene ontology enriched biological processes these transcripts are involved in. Interestingly, a number of the resulting categories are also related to cholinesterases. They include, for BChE, response to glucocorticoid stimulus, and for AChE, response to wounding and two child terms of neuron development: regulation of axonogenesis and regulation of dendrite morphogenesis. Importantly, all of the AChE-targeting miRs found to be related to these selected processes were directed against the normally rare AChE-R splice variant, with three of them, including the neurogenesis regulator miR-132, also directed against AChE-S. Our findings point at the AChE-R splice variant as particularly susceptible to miR regulation, highlight those biological functions of cholinesterases that are likely to be subject to miR post-transcriptional control, demonstrate the selectivity of miRs in regulating specific biological processes, and open new venues for targeted interference with these specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geula Hanin
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
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Lin KY, Zhang XJ, Feng DD, Zhang H, Zeng CW, Han BW, Zhou AD, Qu LH, Xu L, Chen YQ. miR-125b, a target of CDX2, regulates cell differentiation through repression of the core binding factor in hematopoietic malignancies. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38253-38263. [PMID: 21903586 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.269670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-125b (miR-125b), a small noncoding RNA molecule, has been found to be deregulated and functions as an oncogene in many cancers including hematopoietic malignancies. However, the mechanisms accounting for miR-125b dysregulation remain to be elucidated. The present study aims to identify the factors that might contribute to up-regulation of miR-125b in human hematopoietic malignancies and its downstream targets for lineage-specific differentiation. We at first reported that CDX2, a homeobox transcription factor, binds to promoter regions of the miR-125b gene and activates transcriptional regulation of miR-125b in malignant myeloid cells. We further revealed that increasing levels of CDX2 in malignant myeloid cells activate miR-125b expression, which in turn inhibits core binding factor β (CBFβ) translation, thereby counteracting myeloid cell differentiation, at least for granulocytic lineage, and promoting leukemogenesis. Interestingly, we found that this novel pathway including CDX2, miR-125b, and CBFβ was mediated by undergoing all-trans-retinoic acid induction. Once differentiation ensues with all-trans-retinoic acid treatment, CDX2 activity decreases, leading to a reduction in miR-125b transcription and up-regulation of CBFβ in myeloid cells and in patients. The study provides a new mechanism that contributes to hematopoietic malignancies, which could involve deregulation of miR-125b and its up- and downstream factors. As altered expression of miRNAs has been reported in a wide range of malignancies, delineating the underlying molecular mechanisms of aberrant miRNA expression and characterizing the upstream and downstream factors will help to understand important steps in the pathogenesis of these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing-Ju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng-Wu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ai-Dong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liang-Hu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yue-Qin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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29
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Abstract
MDM2 plays a key role to physiological processes like growth arrest, senescence and apoptosis. It binds to and inhibits key proteins like p53 and the RB protein, and MDM2 amplification as well as protein overexpression without amplification is seen in many solid tumors. An MDM2 promoter polymorphism (SNP309T>G) has been found associated with enhanced Sp1 transcription factor binding and elevated MDM2 transcription. While 309G has been found associated with elevated cancer risk and young age at diagnosis of different cancers, results in Caucasians have been at variance. Recently, we reported a second polymorphism (SNP285G>C) located on the 309G allele. The 285C/309G haplotype accounts for about 12% of all 309G alleles among Norwegians, Dutch and British habitants. Assessing Sp1 binding to the MDM2 promoter using surface plasmon resonance technology, we found SNP309G to enhance Sp1 binding by 22% while SNP285C reduced Sp1 binding by 51%. SNP285C reduced the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer among 309TG/309GG carriers by 21 and 26%, respectively, but in particular the risk of ovarian cancer among 309TG heterozygotes (reduction by 37%). The fact that the 285C/309G haplotype accounted for only 1.9% of all 309G alleles among Finns and was absent in Chinese indicate 285C to be a young polymorphism.
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30
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Kiuru M, Kurban M, Itoh M, Petukhova L, Shimomura Y, Wajid M, Christiano A. Hereditary leukonychia, or porcelain nails, resulting from mutations in PLCD1. Am J Hum Genet 2011; 88:839-844. [PMID: 21665001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 05/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary leukonychia (porcelain nails or white nails) is a rare nail disorder with an unknown genetic basis. To identify variants in a gene underlying this phenotype, we identified four families of Pakistani origin showing features of hereditary leukonychia. All 20 nails of each affected individual were chalky and white in appearance, consistent with total leukonychia, with no other cutaneous, appendageal, or systemic findings. By using Affymetrix 10K chip, we established linkage to chromosome 3p21.3-p22 with a LOD score (Z) of 5.1. We identified pathogenic mutations in PLCD1 in all four families, which encodes phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C delta 1 subunit, a key enzyme in phosphoinositide metabolism. We then identified localization of PLCD1 in the nail matrix. It was recently shown that PLCD1 is a component of the human nail plate by proteomic analysis and is localized in the matrix of human nails. Furthermore, mutations detected in PLCD1 resulted in reduced enzymatic activity in vitro. Our data show that mutations in PLCD1 underlie hereditary leukonychia, revealing a gene involved in molecular control of nail growth.
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31
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32
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Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Xu K, Wu TC, Aspord C, Tindle S, Marches F, Gallegos M, Burton EC, Savino D, Hori T, Tanaka Y, Zurawski S, Zurawski G, Bover L, Liu YJ, Banchereau J, Palucka AK. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin fosters human breast tumor growth by promoting type 2 inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:479-90. [PMID: 21339324 PMCID: PMC3058586 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The human breast tumor microenvironment can display features of T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammation, and Th2 inflammation can promote tumor development. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to Th2 inflammation in breast tumors remain unclear. Here, we show that human breast cancer cells produce thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Breast tumor supernatants, in a TSLP-dependent manner, induce expression of OX40L on dendritic cells (DCs). OX40L(+) DCs are found in primary breast tumor infiltrates. OX40L(+) DCs drive development of inflammatory Th2 cells producing interleukin-13 and tumor necrosis factor in vitro. Antibodies neutralizing TSLP or OX40L inhibit breast tumor growth and interleukin-13 production in a xenograft model. Thus, breast cancer cell-derived TSLP contributes to the inflammatory Th2 microenvironment conducive to breast tumor development by inducing OX40L expression on DCs.
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33
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Knappskog S, Bjørnslett M, Myklebust LM, Huijts PEA, Vreeswijk MP, Edvardsen H, Guo Y, Zhang X, Yang M, Ylisaukko-Oja SK, Alhopuro P, Arola J, Tollenaar RAEM, van Asperen CJ, Seynaeve C, Staalesen V, Chrisanthar R, Løkkevik E, Salvesen HB, Evans DG, Newman WG, Lin D, Aaltonen LA, Børresen-Dale AL, Tell GS, Stoltenberg C, Romundstad P, Hveem K, Lillehaug JR, Vatten L, Devilee P, Dørum A, Lønning PE. The MDM2 promoter SNP285C/309G haplotype diminishes Sp1 transcription factor binding and reduces risk for breast and ovarian cancer in Caucasians. Cancer Cell 2011; 19:273-82. [PMID: 21316605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MDM2 plays a key role in modulating p53 function. The MDM2 SNP309T > G promoter polymorphism enhances Sp1 binding and has been linked to cancer risk and young age at diagnosis although with conflicting evidence. We report a second MDM2 promoter polymorphism, SNP285G > C, residing on the SNP309G allele. SNP285C occurs in Caucasians only, where 7.7% (95% CI 7.6%-7.8%) of healthy individuals carry the SNP285C/309G haplotype. In vitro analyses reveals that SNP309G enhances but SNP285C strongly reduces Sp1 promoter binding. Comparing MDM2 promoter status among different cohorts of ovarian (n = 1993) and breast (n = 1973) cancer patients versus healthy controls (n = 3646), SNP285C reduced the risk of both ovarian (OR 0.74; CI 0.58-0.94) and breast cancer (OR 0.79; CI 0.62-1.00) among SNP309G carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stian Knappskog
- Section of Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kabacik S, Mackay A, Tamber N, Manning G, Finnon P, Paillier F, Ashworth A, Bouffler S, Badie C. Gene expression following ionising radiation: Identification of biomarkers for dose estimation and prediction of individual response. Int J Radiat Biol 2010; 87:115-29. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2010.519424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Marmolino D, Manto M. Past, present and future therapeutics for cerebellar ataxias. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:41-61. [PMID: 20808545 PMCID: PMC2866461 DOI: 10.2174/157015910790909476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a group of disabling neurological disorders. Patients exhibit a cerebellar syndrome and can also present with extra-cerebellar deficits, namely pigmentary retinopathy, extrapyramidal movement disorders, pyramidal signs, cortical symptoms (seizures, cognitive impairment/behavioural symptoms), and peripheral neuropathy. Recently, deficits in cognitive operations have been unraveled. Cerebellar ataxias are heterogeneous both at the phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Therapeutical trials performed during these last 4 decades have failed in most cases, in particular because drugs were not targeting a deleterious pathway, but were given to counteract putative defects in neurotransmission. The identification of the causative mutations of many hereditary ataxias, the development of relevant animal models and the recent identifications of the molecular mechanisms underlying ataxias are impacting on the development of new drugs. We provide an overview of the pharmacological treatments currently used in the clinical practice and we discuss the drugs under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marmolino
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expèrimentale ULB-Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
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36
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Tweardy DJ, Belmont JW. "Personalizing" academic medicine: opportunities and challenges in implementing genomic profiling. Transl Res 2009; 154:288-94. [PMID: 19931194 PMCID: PMC2830892 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BCM faculty members spearheaded the development of a first-generation Personal Genome Profile (Baylor PGP) assay to assist physicians in diagnosing and managing patients in this new era of medicine. The principles that guided the design and implementation of the Baylor PGP were high quality, robustness, low expense, flexibility, practical clinical utility, and the ability to facilitate broad areas of clinical research. The most distinctive feature of the approach taken is an emphasis on extensive screening for rare disease-causing mutations rather than common risk-increasing polymorphisms. Because these variants have large direct effects, the ability to screen for them inexpensively could have a major immediate clinical impact in disease diagnosis, carrier detection, presymptomatic detection of late onset disease, and even prenatal diagnosis. In addition to creating a counseling tool for individual "consumers," this system will fit into the established medical record and be used by physicians involved in direct patient care. This article describes an overall framework for clinical diagnostic array genotyping and the available technologies, as well as highlights the opportunities and challenges for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tweardy
- Department of Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex. 77030, USA.
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37
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Henson BJ, Bhattacharjee S, O'Dee DM, Feingold E, Gollin SM. Decreased expression of miR-125b and miR-100 in oral cancer cells contributes to malignancy. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009; 48:569-82. [PMID: 19396866 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles have been observed in numerous malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, their role in disease is not entirely clear. Several genetic aberrations are characteristic of OSCC, with amplification of chromosomal band 11q13 and loss of distal 11q being among the most prevalent. It is not known if the expression levels of miRNAs in these regions are altered or whether they play a role in disease. We hypothesize that the expression of miRNAs mapping to 11q are altered in OSCC because of loss or amplification of chromosomal material, and that this contributes to the development and progression of OSCC. We found that miR-125b and miR-100 are down-regulated in OSCC tumor and cell lines, and that transfecting cells with exogenous miR-125b and miR-100 significantly reduced cell proliferation and modified the expression of target and nontarget genes, including some that are overexpressed in radioresistant OSCC cells. In conclusion, the down-regulation of miR-125b and miR-100 in OSCC appears to play an important role in the development and/or progression of disease and may contribute to the loss of sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Henson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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38
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Bullaughey K, Chavarria CI, Coop G, Gilad Y. Expression quantitative trait loci detected in cell lines are often present in primary tissues. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:4296-303. [PMID: 19671653 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping is a powerful tool for identifying genetic regulatory variation. However, at present, most eQTLs in humans were identified using gene expression data from cell lines, and it remains unknown whether these eQTLs also have a regulatory function in other expression contexts, such as human primary tissues. Here we investigate this question using a targeted strategy. Specifically, we selected a subset of large-effect eQTLs identified in the HapMap lymphoblastoid cell lines, and examined the association of these eQTLs with gene expression levels across individuals in five human primary tissues (heart, kidney, liver, lung and testes). We show that genotypes at the eQTLs we selected are often predictive of variation in gene expression levels in one or more of the five primary tissues. The genotype effects in the primary tissues are consistently in the same direction as the effects inferred in the cell lines. Additionally, a number of the eQTLs we tested are found in more than one of the tissues. Our results indicate that functional studies in cell lines may uncover a substantial amount of genetic variation that affects gene expression levels in human primary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bullaughey
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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40
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Dougherty MJ. Closing the gap: inverting the genetics curriculum to ensure an informed public. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:6-12. [PMID: 19559400 PMCID: PMC2706960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the focus of national efforts to improve K-12 science education has ranged from curriculum and professional development of teachers to the adoption of science standards and high-stakes testing. In spite of this work, students in the United States continue to lag behind their peers in other countries. This underperformance is true for genetics, as well as for science and math in general, and is particularly worrisome given the accelerating need for scientists and engineers in our increasingly technology-driven economy. A scientifically literate public is essential if citizens are to engage effectively with policymakers on issues of scientific importance. Perhaps nowhere is this conjunction more personally meaningful than in human genetics and medicine. Rapid changes in our field have the potential to revolutionize healthcare, but the public is ill prepared to participate in this transformation. One potential solution is to modernize the genetics curriculum so that it matches the science of the 21(st) century. This paper highlights changes in human genetics that support a curricular reorganization, outlines the problems with current genetics instruction, and proposes a new genetics curriculum.
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Schultz JM, Khan SN, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Waryah AM, Chhatre D, Starost MF, Ploplis B, Buckley S, Velásquez D, Kabra M, Lee K, Hassan MJ, Ali G, Ansar M, Ghosh M, Wilcox ER, Ahmad W, Merlino G, Leal SM, Riazuddin S, Friedman TB, Morell RJ. Noncoding mutations of HGF are associated with nonsyndromic hearing loss, DFNB39. Am J Hum Genet 2009; 85:25-39. [PMID: 19576567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A gene causing autosomal-recessive, nonsyndromic hearing loss, DFNB39, was previously mapped to an 18 Mb interval on chromosome 7q11.22-q21.12. We mapped an additional 40 consanguineous families segregating nonsyndromic hearing loss to the DFNB39 locus and refined the obligate interval to 1.2 Mb. The coding regions of all genes in this interval were sequenced, and no missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations were found. We sequenced the noncoding sequences of genes, as well as noncoding genes, and found three mutations clustered in intron 4 and exon 5 in the hepatocyte growth factor gene (HGF). Two intron 4 deletions occur in a highly conserved sequence that is part of the 3' untranslated region of a previously undescribed short isoform of HGF. The third mutation is a silent substitution, and we demonstrate that it affects splicing in vitro. HGF is involved in a wide variety of signaling pathways in many different tissues, yet these putative regulatory mutations cause a surprisingly specific phenotype, which is nonsydromic hearing loss. Two mouse models of Hgf dysregulation, one in which an Hgf transgene is ubiquitously overexpressed and the other a conditional knockout that deletes Hgf from a limited number of tissues, including the cochlea, result in deafness. Overexpression of HGF is associated with progressive degeneration of outer hair cells in the cochlea, whereas cochlear deletion of Hgf is associated with more general dysplasia.
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In Brief. Nat Rev Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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