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Biagiotti S, Barone A, Aliano MP, Federici G, Malatesta M, Caputi C, Soddu S, Leuzzi V, Chessa L, Magnani M. Functional Classification of the ATM Variant c.7157C>A and In Vitro Effects of Dexamethasone. Front Genet 2021; 12:759467. [PMID: 34759960 PMCID: PMC8573154 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.759467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the ATM variants associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia are still classified as variants with uncertain significance. Ataxia Telangiectasia is a multisystemic disorder characterized by “typical” and “atypical” phenotypes, with early-onset and severe symptoms or with late-onset and mild symptoms, respectively. Here we classified the c.7157C > A ATM variant found in homozygosity in two brothers of Lebanese ethnicity. The brothers presented with an atypical phenotype, showing less than 50% of the positive criteria considered for classification. We performed several in silico analyses to predict the effect of c.7157C > A at the DNA, mRNA and protein levels, revealing that the alteration causes a missense substitution in a highly conserved alpha helix in the FAT domain. 3D structural analyses suggested that the variant might be pathogenic due to either loss of activity or to a structural damage affecting protein stability. Our subsequent in vitro studies showed that the second hypothesis is the most likely, as indicated by the reduced protein abundance found in the cells carrying the variant. Moreover, two different functional assays showed that the mutant protein partially retains its kinase activity. Finally, we investigated the in vitro effect of Dexamethasone showing that the drug is able to increase both protein abundance and activity. In conclusion, our results suggest that the c.7157C > A variant is pathogenic, although it causes an atypical phenotype, and that dexamethasone could be therapeutically effective on this and possibly other missense ATM variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Biagiotti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Ambra Barone
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Federici
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Malatesta
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Caterina Caputi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Soddu
- Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Magnani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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Zhao Y, Yang L, Wu D, He H, Wang M, Ge T, Liu Y, Tian H, Cui J, Jia L, Wan Z, Han F. Gene-environment interaction for polymorphisms in ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene and radiation exposure in carcinogenesis: results from two literature-based meta-analyses of 27120 participants. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76867-76881. [PMID: 27764772 PMCID: PMC5363555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We conducted two meta-analyses of ATM genetic polymorphisms and cancer risk in individuals with or without radiation exposure to determine whether there was a joint effect between the ATM gene and radiation exposure in carcinogenesis. Results rs1801516, which was the only ATM polymorphism investigated by more than 3 studies of radiation exposure, was eligible for the present study. The meta-analysis of 23333 individuals without radiation exposure from 24 studies showed no association between the rs1801516 polymorphism and cancer risk, without heterogeneity across studies. The meta-analysis of 3787 individuals with radiation exposure from 6 studies showed a significant association between the rs1801516 polymorphism and a decreased cancer risk, with heterogeneity across studies. There was a borderline-significant difference between the ORs of the two meta-analyses (P = 0.066), and the difference was significant when only Caucasians were included (P = 0.011). Materials and methods Publications were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to estimate the association between ATM genetic polymorphisms and cancer risk. Tests of interaction were used to compare differences between the ORs of the two meta-analyses. Conclusions Our meta-analyses confirmed the presence of a gene-environment interaction between the rs1801516 polymorphism and radiation exposure in carcinogenesis, whereas no association was found between the rs1801516 polymorphism and cancer risk for individuals without radiation exposure. The heterogeneity observed in the meta-analysis of individuals with radiation exposure might be due to gene-ethnicity or gene-gene interactions. Further studies are needed to elucidate sources of the heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hua He
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingwen Ge
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yudi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziqiang Wan
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fujun Han
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Lee HG, Kim H, Kim EJ, Park PG, Dong SM, Choi TH, Kim H, Chong CR, Liu JO, Chen J, Ambinder RF, Hayward SD, Park JH, Lee JM. Targeted therapy for Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma using low-dose gemcitabine-induced lytic activation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31018-29. [PMID: 26427042 PMCID: PMC4741585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant presence of the viral genome in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) suggests the applicability of novel EBV-targeted therapies. The antiviral nucleoside drug, ganciclovir (GCV), is effective only in the context of the viral lytic cycle in the presence of EBV-encoded thymidine kinase (TK)/protein kinase (PK) expression. In this study, screening of the Johns Hopkins Drug Library identified gemcitabine as a candidate for combination treatment with GCV. Pharmacological induction of EBV-TK or PK in EBVaGC-originated tumor cells were used to study combination treatment with GCV in vitro and in vivo. Gemcitabine was found to be a lytic inducer via activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM)/p53 genotoxic stress pathway in EBVaGC. Using an EBVaGC mouse model and a [125I] fialuridine (FIAU)-based lytic activation imaging system, we evaluated gemcitabine-induced lytic activation in an in vivo system and confirmed the efficacy of gemcitabine-GCV combination treatment. This viral enzyme-targeted anti-tumor strategy may provide a new therapeutic approach for EBVaGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Gyu Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Gu Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Myung Dong
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Choi
- Radiopharmaceutical Research Team, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curtis R Chong
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, USA
| | - Jun O Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard F Ambinder
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Diane Hayward
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeon Han Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Šamanić I, Cvitanić R, Simunić J, Puizina J. Arabidopsis thalianaMRE11 is essential for activation of cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon the induction of double-stranded DNA breaks. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2016; 18:681-694. [PMID: 27007017 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the fundamental role of MRE11 in many aspects of DNA metabolism and signalling in eukaryotes, we analysed the impact of several MRE11 mutations on DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three different atmre11 and an atatm-2 mutant lines, together with the wild type (WT), were compared using a new Arabidopsis genotoxic assay for in situ evaluation of genome integrity and DNA damage repair efficiency after double strand break (DSB) induction. The results showed that, despite the phenotypic differences and different lengths of the putative truncated AtMRE11 proteins, all three atmre11 and the atatm-2 mutant lines exhibited common hypersensitivity to bleomycin treatment, where they only slightly reduced mitotic activity, indicating a G2/M checkpoint abrogation. In contrast to the WT, which reduced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations throughout the recovery period after treatment, none of the three atmre11 and atatm-2 mutants recovered. Moreover, atmre11-3 mutants, similarly to atatm-2 mutants, failed to transcriptionally induce several DDR genes and had altered expression of the CYCB1;1::GUS protein. Nevertheless, numerous chromosomal fusions in the atmre11 mutants, observed after DNA damage induction, suggest intensive DNA repair activity. These results indicate that functional and full-length AtMRE11 is essential for activation of the cell cycle arrest, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair upon induction of DSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Šamanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - R Cvitanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - J Simunić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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Abu-Odeh M, Salah Z, Herbel C, Hofmann TG, Aqeilan RI. WWOX, the common fragile site FRA16D gene product, regulates ATM activation and the DNA damage response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4716-25. [PMID: 25331887 PMCID: PMC4226089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1409252111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is a hallmark of cancer. The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor spanning the common chromosomal fragile site FRA16D. Here, we report a direct role of WWOX in DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair. We show that Wwox deficiency results in reduced activation of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) checkpoint kinase, inefficient induction and maintenance of γ-H2AX foci, and impaired DNA repair. Mechanistically, we show that, upon DNA damage, WWOX accumulates in the cell nucleus, where it interacts with ATM and enhances its activation. Nuclear accumulation of WWOX is regulated by its K63-linked ubiquitination at lysine residue 274, which is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. These findings identify a novel role for the tumor suppressor WWOX and show that loss of WWOX expression may drive genomic instability and provide an advantage for clonal expansion of neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Zaidoun Salah
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, East Jerusalem; and
| | - Christoph Herbel
- German Cancer Research Center, Cellular Senescence Group, German Cancer Research Center-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas G Hofmann
- German Cancer Research Center, Cellular Senescence Group, German Cancer Research Center-Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Department of Immunology and Cancer Research-Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
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Zhang L, Simpson DA, Innes CL, Chou J, Bushel PR, Paules RS, Kaufmann WK, Zhou T. Gene expression signatures but not cell cycle checkpoint functions distinguish AT carriers from normal individuals. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:907-16. [PMID: 23943852 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00064.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated gene (ATM). AT carriers with one mutant ATM allele are usually not severely affected although they carry an increased risk of developing cancer. There has not been an easy and reliable diagnostic method to identify AT carriers. Cell cycle checkpoint functions upon ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA damage and gene expression signatures were analyzed in the current study to test for differential responses in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with different ATM genotypes. While both dose- and time-dependent G1 and G2 checkpoint functions were highly attenuated in ATM-/- cell lines, these functions were preserved in ATM+/- cell lines equivalent to ATM+/+ cell lines. However, gene expression signatures at both baseline (consisting of 203 probes) and post-IR treatment (consisting of 126 probes) were able to distinguish ATM+/- cell lines from ATM+/+ and ATM-/- cell lines. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of the genes in the baseline signature indicate that ATM function-related categories, DNA metabolism, cell cycle, cell death control, and the p53 signaling pathway, were overrepresented. The same analyses of the genes in the IR-responsive signature revealed that biological categories including response to DNA damage stimulus, p53 signaling, and cell cycle pathways were overrepresented, which again confirmed involvement of ATM functions. The results indicate that AT carriers who have unaffected G1 and G2 checkpoint functions can be distinguished from normal individuals and AT patients by expression signatures of genes related to ATM functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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