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Hirata E, Sakata KT, Dearden GI, Noor F, Menon I, Chiduza GN, Menon AK. Molecular characterization of Rft1, an ER membrane protein associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation RFT1-CDG. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587922. [PMID: 38617304 PMCID: PMC11014557 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The oligosaccharide needed for protein N-glycosylation is assembled on a lipid carrier via a multi-step pathway. Synthesis is initiated on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and completed on the luminal side after transbilayer translocation of a heptasaccharide lipid intermediate. More than 30 Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDGs) are associated with this pathway, including RFT1-CDG which results from defects in the membrane protein Rft1. Rft1 is essential for the viability of yeast and mammalian cells and was proposed as the transporter needed to flip the heptasaccharide lipid intermediate across the ER membrane. However, other studies indicated that Rft1 is not required for heptasaccharide lipid flipping in microsomes or unilamellar vesicles reconstituted with ER membrane proteins, nor is it required for the viability of at least one eukaryote. It is therefore not known what essential role Rft1 plays in N-glycosylation. Here, we present a molecular characterization of human Rft1, using yeast cells as a reporter system. We show that it is a multi-spanning membrane protein located in the ER, with its N and C-termini facing the cytoplasm. It is not N-glycosylated. The majority of RFT1-CDG mutations map to highly conserved regions of the protein. We identify key residues that are important for Rft1's ability to support N-glycosylation and cell viability. Our results provide a necessary platform for future work on this enigmatic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Hirata
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ken-taro Sakata
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Grace I. Dearden
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Faria Noor
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Indu Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - George N. Chiduza
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes - Chemistry Department, Université Libre de Bruxelles - Campus Plaine, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anant K. Menon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Zemet R, Hope KD, Edmondson AC, Shah R, Patino M, Yesso AM, Berger JH, Sarafoglou K, Larson A, Lam C, Morava E, Scaglia F. Cardiomyopathy, an uncommon phenotype of congenital disorders of glycosylation: Recommendations for baseline screening and follow-up evaluation. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108513. [PMID: 38917675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a continuously expanding group of monogenic disorders that disrupt glycoprotein and glycolipid biosynthesis, leading to multi-systemic manifestations. These disorders are categorized into various groups depending on which part of the glycosylation process is impaired. The cardiac manifestations in CDG can significantly differ, not only across different types but also among individuals with the same genetic cause of CDG. Cardiomyopathy is an important phenotype in CDG. The clinical manifestations and progression of cardiomyopathy in CDG patients have not been well characterized. This study aims to delineate common patterns of cardiomyopathy across a range of genetic causes of CDG and to propose baseline screening and follow-up evaluation for this patient population. METHODS Patients with molecular confirmation of CDG who were enrolled in the prospective or memorial arms of the Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Consortium (FCDGC) natural history study were ascertained for the presence of cardiomyopathy based on a retrospective review of their medical records. All patients were evaluated by clinical geneticists who are members of FCDGC at their respective academic centers. Patients were screened for cardiomyopathy, and detailed data were retrospectively collected. We analyzed their clinical and molecular history, imaging characteristics of cardiac involvement, type of cardiomyopathy, age at initial presentation of cardiomyopathy, additional cardiac features, the treatments administered, and their clinical outcomes. RESULTS Of the 305 patients with molecularly confirmed CDG participating in the FCDGC natural history study as of June 2023, 17 individuals, nine females and eight males, were identified with concurrent diagnoses of cardiomyopathy. Most of these patients were diagnosed with PMM2-CDG (n = 10). However, cardiomyopathy was also observed in other diagnoses, including PGM1-CDG (n = 3), ALG3-CDG (n = 1), DPM1-CDG (n = 1), DPAGT1-CDG (n = 1), and SSR4-CDG (n = 1). All PMM2-CDG patients were reported to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy was observed in three patients, two with PGM1-CDG and one with ALG3-CDG; left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in two patients, one with PGM1-CDG and one with DPAGT1-CDG; two patients, one with DPM1-CDG and one with SSR4-CDG, were diagnosed with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. The estimated median age of diagnosis for cardiomyopathy was 5 months (range: prenatal-27 years). Cardiac improvement was observed in three patients with PMM2-CDG. Five patients showed a progressive course of cardiomyopathy, while the condition remained unchanged in eight individuals. Six patients demonstrated pericardial effusion, with three patients exhibiting cardiac tamponade. One patient with SSR4-CDG has been recently diagnosed with cardiomyopathy; thus, the progression of the disease is yet to be determined. One patient with PGM1-CDG underwent cardiac transplantation. Seven patients were deceased, including five with PMM2-CDG, one with DPAGT1-CDG, and one with ALG3-CDG. Two patients died of cardiac tamponade from pericardial effusion; for the remaining patients, cardiomyopathy was not necessarily the primary cause of death. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective study, cardiomyopathy was identified in ∼6% of patients with CDG. Notably, the majority, including all those with PMM2-CDG, exhibited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some cases did not show progression, yet pericardial effusions were commonly observed, especially in PMM2-CDG patients, occasionally escalating to life-threatening cardiac tamponade. It is recommended that clinicians managing CDG patients, particularly those with PMM2-CDG and PGM1-CDG, be vigilant of the cardiomyopathy risk and risk for potentially life-threatening pericardial effusions. Cardiac surveillance, including an echocardiogram and EKG, should be conducted at the time of diagnosis, annually throughout the first 5 years, followed by check-ups every 2-3 years if no concerns arise until adulthood. Subsequently, routine cardiac examinations every five years are advisable. Additionally, patients with diagnosed cardiomyopathy should receive ongoing cardiac care to ensure the effective management and monitoring of their condition. A prospective study will be required to determine the true prevalence of cardiomyopathy in CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Zemet
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle D Hope
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rameen Shah
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Maria Patino
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abigail M Yesso
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Lillie Frank Abercrombie Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin H Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Divisions of Endocrinology, and Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Christina Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA; Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Dept of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lam C, Scaglia F, Berry GT, Larson A, Sarafoglou K, Andersson HC, Sklirou E, Tan QKG, Starosta RT, Sadek M, Wolfe L, Horikoshi S, Ali M, Barone R, Campbell T, Chang IJ, Coles K, Cook E, Eklund EA, Engelhardt NM, Freeman M, Friedman J, Fu DYT, Botzo G, Rawls B, Hernandez C, Johnsen C, Keller K, Kramer S, Kuschel B, Leshinski A, Martinez-Duncker I, Mazza GL, Mercimek-Andrews S, Miller BS, Muthusamy K, Neira J, Patterson MC, Pogorelc N, Powers LN, Ramey E, Reinhart M, Squire A, Thies J, Vockley J, Vreugdenhil H, Witters P, Youbi M, Zeighami A, Zemet R, Edmondson AC, Morava E. Frontiers in congenital disorders of glycosylation consortium, a cross-sectional study report at year 5 of 280 individuals in the natural history cohort. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108509. [PMID: 38959600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our report describes clinical, genetic, and biochemical features of participants with a molecularly confirmed congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) enrolled in the Frontiers in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (FCDGC) Natural History cohort at year 5 of the study. METHODS We enrolled individuals with a known or suspected CDG into the FCDGC Natural History Study, a multicenter prospective and retrospective natural history study of all genetic causes of CDG. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline study visit data from participants with confirmed CDG who were consented into the FCDGC Natural History Study (5U54NS115198) from October 2019 to November 2023. RESULTS Three hundred thirty-three subjects consented to the FCDGC Natural History Study. Of these, 280 unique individuals had genetic data available that was consistent with a diagnosis of CDG. These 280 individuals were enrolled into the study between October 8, 2019 and November 29, 2023. One hundred forty-one (50.4%) were female, and 139 (49.6%) were male. Mean and median age at enrollment was 10.1 and 6.5 years, respectively, with a range of 0.22 to 71.4 years. The cohort encompassed individuals with disorders of N-linked protein glycosylation (57%), glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor disorder (GPI anchor) (15%), disorders of Golgi homeostasis, trafficking and transport (12%), dolichol metabolism disorders (5%), disorders of multiple pathways (6%), and other (5%). The most frequent presenting symptom(s) leading to diagnosis were developmental delay/disability (77%), followed by hypotonia (56%) and feeding difficulties (42%). Mean and median time between first related symptom and diagnosis was 2.7 and 0.8 years, respectively. One hundred percent of individuals in our cohort had developmental differences/disabilities at the time of their baseline visit, followed by 97% with neurologic involvement, 91% with gastrointestinal (GI)/liver involvement, and 88% with musculoskeletal involvement. Severity of disease in individuals was scored on the Nijmegen Progression CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS) with 27% of scores categorized as mild, 44% moderate, and 29% severe. Of the individuals with N-linked protein glycosylation defects, 83% of those with data showed a type 1 pattern on carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) analysis including 82/84 individuals with PMM2-CDG, 6% a type 2 pattern, 1% both type 1 and type 2 pattern and 10% a normal or nonspecific pattern. One hundred percent of individuals with Golgi homeostasis and trafficking defects with data showed a type 2 pattern on CDT analysis, while Golgi transport defect showed a type II pattern 73% of the time, a type 1 pattern for 7%, and 20% had a normal or nonspecific pattern. Most of the variants documented were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic using ACMG criteria. For the majority of the variants, the predicted molecular consequence was missense followed by nonsense and splice site, and the majority of the diagnoses are inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern but with disorders of all major nuclear inheritance included. DISCUSSION The FCDGC Natural History Study serves as an important resource to build future research studies, improve clinical care, and prepare for clinical trial readiness. Herein is the first overview of CDG participants of the FCDGC Natural History Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong KongSAR, China
| | - Gerard T Berry
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Austin Larson
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kyriakie Sarafoglou
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics-Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hans C Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, Dept Pediatrics Tulane School of Medicine, USA
| | - Evgenia Sklirou
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Queenie K G Tan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rodrigo T Starosta
- Section of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mustafa Sadek
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lynne Wolfe
- Medical Genetic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seishu Horikoshi
- Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - May Ali
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Research Unit of Rare Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Teresa Campbell
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irene J Chang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiaira Coles
- Child Health Research Enterprise, Children's Hospital Colorado, USA
| | - Edward Cook
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicole M Engelhardt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Freeman
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Jennifer Friedman
- Division of Neurosciences and Pediatrics, University of California San Diego and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA; Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Debbie Y T Fu
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Grace Botzo
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Christin Johnsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kierstin Keller
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara Kramer
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Bryce Kuschel
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Leshinski
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Martinez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Gina L Mazza
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Saadet Mercimek-Andrews
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bradley S Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Juanita Neira
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Marc C Patterson
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Natalie Pogorelc
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lex N Powers
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ramey
- Pediatric Clinical Research Services, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaela Reinhart
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Audrey Squire
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Thies
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Rare Disease Therapy, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hayden Vreugdenhil
- Norcliffe Foundation Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mehdi Youbi
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aziza Zeighami
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roni Zemet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Edmondson
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
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Álvarez-Sánchez A, Grinat J, Doria-Borrell P, Mellado-López M, Pedrera-Alcócer É, Malenchini M, Meseguer S, Hemberger M, Pérez-García V. The GPI-anchor biosynthesis pathway is critical for syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and placental development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:246. [PMID: 38819479 PMCID: PMC11143174 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthetic pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for generating GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), which are translocated to the cell surface and play a vital role in cell signaling and adhesion. This study focuses on two integral components of the GPI pathway, the PIGL and PIGF proteins, and their significance in trophoblast biology. We show that GPI pathway mutations impact on placental development impairing the differentiation of the syncytiotrophoblast (SynT), and especially the SynT-II layer, which is essential for the establishment of the definitive nutrient exchange area within the placental labyrinth. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of Pigl and Pigf in mouse trophoblast stem cells (mTSCs) confirms the role of these GPI enzymes in syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, impaired GPI-AP generation induces an excessive unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ER in mTSCs growing in stem cell conditions, akin to what is observed in human preeclampsia. Upon differentiation, the impairment of the GPI pathway hinders the induction of WNT signaling for early SynT-II development. Remarkably, the transcriptomic profile of Pigl- and Pigf-deficient cells separates human patient placental samples into preeclampsia and control groups, suggesting an involvement of Pigl and Pigf in establishing a preeclamptic gene signature. Our study unveils the pivotal role of GPI biosynthesis in early placentation and uncovers a new preeclampsia gene expression profile associated with mutations in the GPI biosynthesis pathway, providing novel molecular insights into placental development with implications for enhanced patient stratification and timely interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Álvarez-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Johanna Grinat
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Doria-Borrell
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maravillas Mellado-López
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Érica Pedrera-Alcócer
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Malenchini
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Meseguer
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Myriam Hemberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Vicente Pérez-García
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Calle de Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
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Yao Q, Gao Y, Zheng N, Delcenserie V, Wang J. Unlocking the mysteries of milk oligosaccharides: Structure, metabolism, and function. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 332:121911. [PMID: 38431414 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides (MOs), complex carbohydrates prevalent in human breast milk, play a vital role in infant nutrition. Serving as prebiotics, they inhibit pathogen adherence, modulate the immune system, and support newborn brain development. Notably, MOs demonstrate significant variations in concentration and composition, both across different species and within the same species. These characteristics of MOs lead to several compelling questions: (i) What distinct beneficial functions do MOs offer and how do the functions vary along with their structural differences? (ii) In what ways do MOs in human milk differ from those in other mammals, and what factors drive these unique profiles? (iii) What are the emerging applications of MOs, particularly in the context of their incorporation into infant formula? This review delves into the structural characteristics, quantification methods, and species-specific concentration differences of MOs. It highlights the critical role of human MOs in infant growth and their potential applications, providing substantial evidence to enhance infant health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Veronique Delcenserie
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Bosnyak I, Sadek M, Ranatunga W, Kozicz T, Morava E. Normal transferrin glycosylation does not rule out severe ALG1 deficiency. JIMD Rep 2024; 65:135-143. [PMID: 38736633 PMCID: PMC11078713 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
ALG1-CDG is a rare, clinically variable metabolic disease, caused by the defect of adding the first mannose (Man) to N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc2)-pyrophosphate (PP)-dolichol to the growing oligosaccharide chain, resulting in impaired N-glycosylation of proteins. N-glycosylation has a key role in functionality, stability, and half-life of most proteins. Therefore, congenital defects of glycosylation typically are multisystem disorders. Here we report a 3-year-old patient with severe neurological, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal symptoms. ALG1-CDG was suggested based on exome sequencing and Western blot analysis. Despite her severe clinical manifestations and genetic diagnosis, serum transferrin glycoform analysis was normal. Western blot analysis of highly glycosylated proteins in fibroblasts revealed decreased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), but normal lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 and 2 (LAMP1 and LAMP2) expression levels. Glycoproteomics in fibroblasts showed the presence of the abnormal tetrasacharide. Reviewing the literature, we found 86 reported ALG1-CDG patients, but only one with normal transferrin analysis. Based on our results we would like to highlight the importance of multiple approaches in diagnosing ALG1-CDG, as normal serum transferrin glycosylation or other biomarkers with normal expression levels can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Bosnyak
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Pécs, Medical SchoolPécsHungary
| | - Mustafa Sadek
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Pécs, Medical SchoolPécsHungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Pécs, Medical SchoolPécsHungary
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Wang B, Shi M, Yu C, Pan H, Shen H, Du Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Xi D, Sheng J, Huang H, Ding G. NLRP3 Inflammasome-dependent Pathway is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1017-1027. [PMID: 37815748 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that inflammation is a key process in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes play an essential role in inflammation. We investigated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in PCOS and its underlying mechanisms. Human granulosa cells (GCs) were isolated from patients with PCOS and control women who underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Ovarian specimens were collected from mice with polycystic ovarian changes induced by a high-fat diet and letrozole. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed on a granulosa cell line (KGN) overexpressing NLRP3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to quantify the differentially expressed genes of interest. NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression was significantly higher in GCs from patients with PCOS than in GCs from the control group. Increased NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression was also detected by immunohistochemistry in the GCs of a mouse model of polycystic ovarian changes. The serum IL-18 concentration in PCOS-like mice was significantly higher than that in control mice. Following NLRP3 overexpression in KGN cells, the genes involved in N-glycan processing, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, autophagy, and apoptosis were upregulated. The RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of GANAB, ALG-5, HSD3B2, ULK1, PTK2B, and Casp7 in KGN cells after NLRP3 overexpression were significantly higher than those in control cells, which was consistent with the RNA-Seq results. Taken together, the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS not only by mediating pyroptosis, but also by regulating glycan synthesis, sex hormone synthesis, autophagy, and apoptosis in GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Minfeng Shi
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chuanjin Yu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Hong Pan
- School of Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haiqing Shen
- School of Medicine, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yatao Du
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Di Xi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- School of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Guolian Ding
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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8
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Zidi W, Hadj-Taieb S, Kraoua I, Hachicha M, Seboui H, Monastiri K, Becher SB, Turki I, Sanhaji H, Tebib N, Kaabachi N, Feki M, Allal-Elasmi M. Single-center experience of congenital disorders of glycosylation syndrome screening in Tunisia: A retrospective study over a 15-year period (2007-2021). Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:124-128. [PMID: 38262859 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the results gathered over 15 years of screening for congenital disorders of glycosylation syndrome (CDGS) in Tunisia according to clinical and biochemical characteristics. METHODS Our laboratory received 1055 analysis requests from various departments and hospitals, for children with a clinical suspicion of CDGS. The screening was carried out through separation of transferrin isoforms by capillary zone electrophoresis. RESULTS During the 15-year period, 23 patients were diagnosed with CDGS (19 patients with CDG-Ia, three patients with CDG-IIx, and one patient with CDG-X). These patients included 13 boys and 10 girls aged between 3 months and 13 years, comprising 2.18 % of the total 1055 patients screened. The incidence for CDGS was estimated to be 1:23,720 live births (4.21 per 100,000) in Tunisia. The main clinical symptoms related to clinical disease state in newborn and younger patients were psychomotor retardation (91 %), cerebellar atrophy (91 %), ataxia (61 %), strabismus (48 %), dysmorphic symptoms (52 %), retinitis pigmentosa, cataract (35 %), hypotonia (30 %), and other symptoms. CONCLUSION In Tunisia, CDGS still remains underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. The resemblance to other diseases, especially neurological disorders, and physicians' unawareness of the existence of these diseases are the main reasons for the underdiagnosis. In routine diagnostics, the screening for CDGS by biochemical tests is mandatory to complete the clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Zidi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sameh Hadj-Taieb
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ichraf Kraoua
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; National Institute of Neurology Mongi-Ben Hamida, Service of Child Neurology, UR12SP24, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hassen Seboui
- Farhat Hached Hospital, Service of Neonatology, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Monastiri
- Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Service of Neonatology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saayda Ben Becher
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Children's Hospital Bechir Hamza, Service of Pediatric, de Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Turki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; National Institute of Neurology Mongi-Ben Hamida, Service of Child Neurology, UR12SP24, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haifa Sanhaji
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Neji Tebib
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Service of Pediatrics, LR12SP02 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Naziha Kaabachi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Feki
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Allal-Elasmi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia; Rabta Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry, LR99ES11 Tunis, Tunisia.
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9
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Bennett AI, Daramola O, Bhuiyan MMAA, Sandilya V, Mechref Y. Analysis of Native and Permethylated N-Glycan Isomers Using MGC-LC-MS Techniques. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2762:219-230. [PMID: 38315368 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3666-4_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that affects many critical cellular functions such as adhesion, signaling, protein stability, and function, among others. Abnormal glycosylation has been linked to many diseases. As such, the investigation of glycans and their roles in disease pathway and progression is important. Glycan analysis can be challenging, however, due to such factors as the heterogeneity of glycans and isomers as well as the poor ionization efficiency provided by mass spectrometry analyses. This chapter presents efficient methods that overcome these and other challenges for the analysis of native and permethylated N-glycan isomers in biological samples. Instructions regarding the packing of the MGC column, the N-glycan sample prep, and the LC-MS conditions are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Oluwatosin Daramola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Vishal Sandilya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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10
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Dabravolski S, Orekhov NA, Melnichenko A, Sukhorukov VN, Popov MA, Orekhov A. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) Variations in Relation to Lipid Profiles and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:742-756. [PMID: 38425105 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128284695240219093612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a crucial glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism by transferring cholesteryl esters (CE) and triglycerides (TG) between plasma lipoproteins. CETP activity results in reduced HDL-C and increased VLDL- and LDL-C concentrations, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of CETP and its mechanism of action. Furthermore, we focus on recent experiments on animal CETP-expressing models, deciphering the regulation and functions of CETP in various genetic backgrounds and interaction with different external factors. Finally, we discuss recent publications revealing the association of CETP single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, lifestyle factors, diet and therapeutic interventions. While CETP SNPs can be used as effective diagnostic markers, diet, lifestyle, gender and ethnic specificity should also be considered for effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Nikolay A Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Melnichenko
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vasily N Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail A Popov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Laboratory of Angiopatology, Research Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, The Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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11
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Epifani F, Pujol Serra SM, Llorens M, Balcells S, Nolasco G, Bolasell M, Aguilera-Albesa S, Cancho Candela R, Cuevas Cervera JL, García Sánchez V, Garcia O, Miranda-Herrero MC, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Robles B, Roldán Aparicio S, Velázquez Fragua R, Serrano M. Untangling adaptive functioning of PMM2-CDG across age and its impact on parental stress: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22783. [PMID: 38129426 PMCID: PMC10739927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase deficiency (PMM2-CDG) leads to cerebellar atrophy with ataxia, dysmetria, and intellectual deficits. Despite advances in therapy, the cognitive and adaptive profile remains unknown. Our study explores the adaptive profile of 37 PMM2-CDG patients, examining its association with parental stress and medical characteristics. Assessment tools included ICARS for the cerebellar syndrome and NPCRS for global disease severity. Behavioral and adaptive evaluation consisted of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales. Psychopathological screening involved the Child Behavior Checklist and the Symptom Check-List-90-R. Parental stress was evaluated using Parental Stress Index. Results were correlated with clinical features. No significant age or sex differences were found. 'Daily living skills' were notably affected. Patients severely affected exhibited lower adaptive skill values, as did those with lipodystrophy and inverted nipples. Greater severity in motor cerebellar syndrome, behavioral disturbances and the presence of comorbidities such as hyperactivity, autistic features and moderate-to-severe intellectual disability correlated with greater parental stress. Our study found no decline in adaptive abilities. We provide tools to assess adaptive deficits in PMM2-CDG patients, emphasizing the importance of addressing communication, daily living skills, and autonomy, and their impact on parental stress in clinical monitoring and future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Epifani
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Llorens
- Pediatric Mental Health Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Balcells
- Department of Statistics, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Nolasco
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Bolasell
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Cancho Candela
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Oscar Garcia
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Salud, Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Pedro J Moreno-Lozano
- Internal Medicine Department, Muscular and Inherited Metabolic Disorders Adults Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernabé Robles
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Sant Boi, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi, Spain
| | | | | | - Mercedes Serrano
- Neuropediatric Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research On Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, Esplugues, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Kobeissy F, Goli M, Yadikar H, Shakkour Z, Kurup M, Haidar MA, Alroumi S, Mondello S, Wang KK, Mechref Y. Advances in neuroproteomics for neurotrauma: unraveling insights for personalized medicine and future prospects. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1288740. [PMID: 38073638 PMCID: PMC10703396 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1288740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroproteomics, an emerging field at the intersection of neuroscience and proteomics, has garnered significant attention in the context of neurotrauma research. Neuroproteomics involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of nervous system components, essential for understanding the dynamic events involved in the vast areas of neuroscience, including, but not limited to, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, mental illness, traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other neurodegenerative diseases. With advancements in mass spectrometry coupled with bioinformatics and systems biology, neuroproteomics has led to the development of innovative techniques such as microproteomics, single-cell proteomics, and imaging mass spectrometry, which have significantly impacted neuronal biomarker research. By analyzing the complex protein interactions and alterations that occur in the injured brain, neuroproteomics provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying neurotrauma. This review explores how such insights can be harnessed to advance personalized medicine (PM) approaches, tailoring treatments based on individual patient profiles. Additionally, we highlight the potential future prospects of neuroproteomics, such as identifying novel biomarkers and developing targeted therapies by employing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). By shedding light on neurotrauma's current state and future directions, this review aims to stimulate further research and collaboration in this promising and transformative field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zaynab Shakkour
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Milin Kurup
- Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, United States
| | | | - Shahad Alroumi
- Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Kevin K. Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
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13
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Duan R, Marafi D, Xia ZJ, Ng BG, Maroofian R, Sumya FT, Saad AK, Du H, Fatih JM, Hunter JV, Elbendary HM, Baig SM, Abdullah U, Ali Z, Efthymiou S, Murphy D, Mitani T, Withers MA, Jhangiani SN, Coban-Akdemir Z, Calame DG, Pehlivan D, Gibbs RA, Posey JE, Houlden H, Lupashin VV, Zaki MS, Freeze HH, Lupski JR. Biallelic missense variants in COG3 cause a congenital disorder of glycosylation with impairment of retrograde vesicular trafficking. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1195-1205. [PMID: 37711075 PMCID: PMC10873070 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic variants in genes for seven out of eight subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex (COG) are known to cause recessive congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) with variable clinical manifestations. COG3 encodes a constituent subunit of the COG complex that has not been associated with disease traits in humans. Herein, we report two COG3 homozygous missense variants in four individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families that co-segregated with COG3-CDG presentations. Clinical phenotypes of affected individuals include global developmental delay, severe intellectual disability, microcephaly, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, and variable neurological findings. Biochemical analysis of serum transferrin from one family showed the loss of a single sialic acid. Western blotting on patient-derived fibroblasts revealed reduced COG3 and COG4. Further experiments showed delayed retrograde vesicular recycling in patient cells. This report adds to the knowledge of the COG-CDG network by providing collective evidence for a COG3-CDG rare disease trait and implicating a likely pathology of the disorder as the perturbation of Golgi trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Duan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dana Marafi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Zhi-Jie Xia
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Farhana Taher Sumya
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ahmed K. Saad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medical Molecular Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haowei Du
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jawid M. Fatih
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jill V. Hunter
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hasnaa M. Elbendary
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shahid M. Baig
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Abdullah
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marjorie A. Withers
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Zeynep Coban-Akdemir
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G. Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A. Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vladimir V. Lupashin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Maha S. Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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14
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Polenghi M, Taverna E. Intracellular traffic and polarity in brain development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1172016. [PMID: 37859764 PMCID: PMC10583573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons forming the human brain are generated during embryonic development by neural stem and progenitor cells via a process called neurogenesis. A crucial feature contributing to neural stem cell morphological and functional heterogeneity is cell polarity, defined as asymmetric distribution of cellular components. Cell polarity is built and maintained thanks to the interplay between polarity proteins and polarity-generating organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA). ER and GA affect the distribution of membrane components and work as a hub where glycans are added to nascent proteins and lipids. In the last decades our knowledge on the role of polarity in neural stem and progenitor cells have increased tremendously. However, the role of traffic and associated glycosylation in neural stem and progenitor cells is still relatively underexplored. In this review, we discuss the link between cell polarity, architecture, identity and intracellular traffic, and highlight how studies on neurons have shaped our knowledge and conceptual framework on traffic and polarity. We will then conclude by discussing how a group of rare diseases, called congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) offers the unique opportunity to study the contribution of traffic and glycosylation in the context of neurodevelopment.
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15
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Huang ZL, Abdallah AS, Shen GX, Suarez M, Feng P, Yu YJ, Wang Y, Zheng SH, Hu YJ, Xiao X, Liu Y, Liu SR, Chen ZP, Li XN, Xia YF. Silencing GMPPB Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of GBM via Hippo/MMP3 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14707. [PMID: 37834154 PMCID: PMC10572784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignancy and represents the most common brain tumor in adults. To better understand its biology for new and effective therapies, we examined the role of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB), a key unit of the GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GDP-MP) that catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose. Impaired GMPPB function will reduce the amount of GDP-mannose available for O-mannosylation. Abnormal O-mannosylation of alpha dystroglycan (α-DG) has been reported to be involved in cancer metastasis and arenavirus entry. Here, we found that GMPPB is highly expressed in a panel of GBM cell lines and clinical samples and that expression of GMPPB is positively correlated with the WHO grade of gliomas. Additionally, expression of GMPPB was negatively correlated with the prognosis of GBM patients. We demonstrate that silencing GMPPB inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo and that overexpression of GMPPB exhibits the opposite effects. Consequently, targeting GMPPB in GBM cells results in impaired GBM tumor growth and invasion. Finally, we identify that the Hippo/MMP3 axis is essential for GMPPB-promoted GBM aggressiveness. These findings indicate that GMPPB represents a potential novel target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Lu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Aalaa Sanad Abdallah
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guang-Xin Shen
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 528031, China;
| | - Milagros Suarez
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan-Jiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.-J.Y.); (Z.-P.C.)
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuo-Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
| | - Song-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Zhong-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; (Y.-J.Y.); (Z.-P.C.)
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Program of Precision Medicine PDOX Modeling of Pediatric Tumors, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (A.S.A.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yun-Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China or (Z.-L.H.); (P.F.); (Y.W.); (S.-H.Z.); (Y.-J.H.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
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16
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Tian S, Zhou N. Gaining New Insights into Fundamental Biological Pathways by Bacterial Toxin-Based Genetic Screens. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:884. [PMID: 37627769 PMCID: PMC10451959 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic screen technology has been applied to study the mechanism of action of bacterial toxins-a special class of virulence factors that contribute to the pathogenesis caused by bacterial infections. These screens aim to identify host factors that directly or indirectly facilitate toxin intoxication. Additionally, specific properties of certain toxins, such as membrane interaction, retrograde trafficking, and carbohydrate binding, provide robust probes to comprehensively investigate the lipid biosynthesis, membrane vesicle transport, and glycosylation pathways, respectively. This review specifically focuses on recent representative toxin-based genetic screens that have identified new players involved in and provided new insights into fundamental biological pathways, such as glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, protein glycosylation, and membrane vesicle trafficking pathways. Functionally characterizing these newly identified factors not only expands our current understanding of toxin biology but also enables a deeper comprehension of fundamental biological questions. Consequently, it stimulates the development of new therapeutic approaches targeting both bacterial infectious diseases and genetic disorders with defects in these factors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nini Zhou
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Lee HF, Chi CS. Congenital disorders of glycosylation and infantile epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 142:109214. [PMID: 37086590 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by defects in various defects of protein or lipid glycosylation pathways. The symptoms and signs of CDG usually develop in infancy. Epilepsy is commonly observed in CDG individuals and is often a presenting symptom. These epilepsies can present across the lifespan, share features of refractoriness to antiseizure medications, and are often associated with comorbid developmental delay, psychomotor regression, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems. In this review, we discuss CDG and infantile epilepsy, focusing on an overview of clinical manifestations and electroencephalographic features. Finally, we propose a tiered approach that will permit a clinician to systematically investigate and identify CDG earlier, and furthermore, to provide genetic counseling for the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145, Xingda Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sec. 4, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
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18
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Peng W, Reyes CDG, Gautam S, Yu A, Cho BG, Goli M, Donohoo K, Mondello S, Kobeissy F, Mechref Y. MS-based glycomics and glycoproteomics methods enabling isomeric characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:577-616. [PMID: 34159615 PMCID: PMC8692493 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant and abundant posttranslational modifications in mammalian cells. It mediates a wide range of biofunctions, including cell adhesion, cell communication, immune cell trafficking, and protein stability. Also, aberrant glycosylation has been associated with various diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, inflammation, immune deficiencies, congenital disorders, and cancers. The alterations in the distributions of glycan and glycopeptide isomers are involved in the development and progression of several human diseases. However, the microheterogeneity of glycosylation brings a great challenge to glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis, including the characterization of isomers. Over several decades, different methods and approaches have been developed to facilitate the characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been a powerful tool utilized for glycomic and glycoproteomic isomeric analysis due to its high sensitivity and rich structural information using different fragmentation techniques. However, a comprehensive characterization of glycan and glycopeptide isomers remains a challenge when utilizing MS alone. Therefore, various separation methods, including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility, were developed to resolve glycan and glycopeptide isomers before MS. These separation techniques were coupled to MS for a better identification and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers. Additionally, bioinformatic tools are essential for the automated processing of glycan and glycopeptide isomeric data to facilitate isomeric studies in biological cohorts. Here in this review, we discuss commonly employed MS-based techniques, separation hyphenated MS methods, and software, facilitating the separation, identification, and quantitation of glycan and glycopeptide isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sakshi Gautam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Byeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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19
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Elsharkawi I, Wongkittichote P, James Paul Daniel E, Starosta RT, Ueda K, Ng BG, Freeze HH, He M, Shinawi M. DDOST-CDG: Clinical and molecular characterization of a third patient with a milder and a predominantly movement disorder phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:92-100. [PMID: 36214423 PMCID: PMC9852036 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of heterogeneous inherited metabolic disorders affecting posttranslational protein modification. DDOST-CDG, caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in DDOST which encodes dolichyl-diphospho-oligosaccharide-protein glycosyltransferase, a subunit of N-glycosylation oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, is an ultra-rare condition that has been described in two patients only. The main clinical features in the two reported patients include profound developmental delay, failure to thrive, and hypotonia. In addition, both patients had abnormal transferrin glycosylation. Here, we report an 18-year-old male who presented with moderate developmental delay, progressive opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, tremor, and dystonia. Biochemical studies by carbohydrate deficient transferrin analysis showed a type I CDG pattern. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in DDOST: a maternally inherited variant, c.1142dupT (p.Leu381Phefs*11), and a paternally inherited variant, c.661 T > C (p.Ser221Pro). Plasma N-glycan profiling showed mildly increased small high mannose glycans including Man0-5 GlcNAc2, a pattern consistent with what was previously reported in DDOST-CDG or defects in other subunits of OST complex. Western blot analysis on patient's fibroblasts revealed decreased expression of DDOST and reduced intracellular N-glycosylation, as evident by the biomarkers ICAM-1 and LAMP2. Our study highlights the clinical variability, expands the clinical and biochemical phenotypes, and describes new genotype, which all are essential for diagnosing and managing patients with DDOST-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Elsharkawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Parith Wongkittichote
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Miao He
- Palmieri Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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20
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Budhraja R, Saraswat M, De Graef D, Ranatunga W, Ramarajan MG, Mousa J, Kozicz T, Pandey A, Morava E. N-glycoproteomics reveals distinct glycosylation alterations in NGLY1-deficient patient-derived dermal fibroblasts. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:76-91. [PMID: 36102038 PMCID: PMC10092224 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are genetic disorders that occur due to defects in protein and lipid glycosylation pathways. A deficiency of N-glycanase 1, encoded by the NGLY1 gene, results in a congenital disorder of deglycosylation. The NGLY1 enzyme is mainly involved in cleaving N-glycans from misfolded, retro-translocated glycoproteins in the cytosol from the endoplasmic reticulum before their proteasomal degradation or activation. Despite the essential role of NGLY1 in deglycosylation pathways, the exact consequences of NGLY1 deficiency on global cellular protein glycosylation have not yet been investigated. We undertook a multiplexed tandem mass tags-labeling-based quantitative glycoproteomics and proteomics analysis of fibroblasts from NGLY1-deficient individuals carrying different biallelic pathogenic variants in NGLY1. This quantitative mass spectrometric analysis detected 8041 proteins and defined a proteomic signature of differential expression across affected individuals and controls. Proteins that showed significant differential expression included phospholipid phosphatase 3, stromal cell-derived factor 1, collagen alpha-1 (IV) chain, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1, and thrombospondin-1. We further detected a total of 3255 N-glycopeptides derived from 550 glycosylation sites of 407 glycoproteins by multiplexed N-glycoproteomics. Several extracellular matrix glycoproteins and adhesion molecules showed altered abundance of N-glycopeptides. Overall, we observed distinct alterations in specific glycoproteins, but our data revealed no global accumulation of glycopeptides in the patient-derived fibroblasts, despite the genetic defect in NGLY1. Our findings highlight new molecular and system-level insights for understanding NGLY1-CDDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Budhraja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diederik De Graef
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Wasantha Ranatunga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madan G Ramarajan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jehan Mousa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics and Department of Biophysics, University of Pecs Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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21
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Vintschger E, Kraemer D, Joset P, Horn AHC, Rauch A, Sticht H, Bachmann-Gagescu R. Challenges for the implementation of next generation sequencing-based expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from the ciliopathies. Eur J Hum Genet 2022:10.1038/s41431-022-01267-8. [PMID: 36550190 PMCID: PMC10400553 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing (NGS) can detect carrier status for rare recessive disorders, informing couples about their reproductive risk. The recent ACMG recommendations support offering NGS-based carrier screening (NGS-CS) in an ethnic and population-neutral manner for all genes that have a carrier frequency >1/200 (based on GnomAD). To evaluate current challenges for NGS-CS, we focused on the ciliopathies, a well-studied group of rare recessive disorders. We analyzed 118 ciliopathy genes by whole exome sequencing in ~400 healthy local individuals and ~1000 individuals from the UK1958-birth cohort. We found 20% of healthy individuals (1% of couples) to be carriers of reportable variants in a ciliopathy gene, while 50% (4% of couples) carry variants of uncertain significance (VUS). This large proportion of VUS is partly explained by the limited utility of the ACMG/AMP variant-interpretation criteria in healthy individuals, where phenotypic match or segregation criteria cannot be used. Most missense variants are thus classified as VUS and not reported, which reduces the negative predictive value of the screening test. We show how gene-specific variation patterns and structural protein information can help prioritize variants most likely to be disease-causing, for (future) functional assays. Even when considering only strictly pathogenic variants, the observed carrier frequency is substantially higher than expected based on estimated disease prevalence, challenging the 1/200 carrier frequency cut-off proposed for choice of genes to screen. Given the challenges linked to variant interpretation in healthy individuals and the uncertainties about true carrier frequencies, genetic counseling must clearly disclose these limitations of NGS-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Vintschger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Kraemer
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anselm H C Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruxandra Bachmann-Gagescu
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland. .,Praeclare Clinical Research Priority Program of the Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Chang EC, Chang YH, Tsai YS, Hung YL, Li MJ, Wong CS. Case report: The art of anesthesiology-Approaching a minor procedure in a child with MPI-CDG. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038090. [PMID: 36588700 PMCID: PMC9798425 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein glycosylation plays an important role in post-translational modification, which defines a broad spectrum of protein functions. Accordingly, infants with a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) can have N-glycosylation, O-glycosylation, or combined N- and O-glycosylation defects, resulting in similar but different multisystem involvement. CDGs can present notable gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms. Both protein-losing enteropathy and hypotonia affect the decision of using anesthetics. We reported a case of MPI-CDG with protein-losing enteropathy and muscular hypotonia that underwent different anesthesia approach strategies of vascular access. Here, we highlight why intubation with sevoflurane anesthesia and sparing use of muscle relaxants is the optimal strategy for such a condition. Case presentation: A 25-month-old girl, weighing 6.6 kg and 64 cm tall, suffered chronic diarrhea, hypoalbuminemia, and hypotonia since birth. Protein-losing enteropathy due to MPI-CDG was documented by whole-exome sequencing. She underwent three sedated surgical procedures in our hospital. The sedation was administered twice by pediatricians with oral chloral hydrate, intravenous midazolam, and ketamine, to which the patient showed moderate to late recovery from sedation and irritability the following night. The most recent one was administered by an anesthesiologist, where endotracheal intubation was performed with sevoflurane as the main anesthetic. The patient regained consciousness immediately after the operation. She had no complications after all three sedation/anesthesia interventions and was discharged 7 days later, uneventful after the third general anesthesia procedure. Conclusion: We performed safe anesthetic management in a 25-month-old girl with MPI-CDG using sevoflurane under controlled ventilation. She awoke immediately after the procedure. Due to the disease entity, we suggested bypassing the intravenous route to avoid excess volume for drug administration and that muscle relaxant may not be necessary for endotracheal intubation and patient immobilization when performing procedures under general anesthesia in CDG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Che Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shiun Tsai
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Hung
- Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Jia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chih-Shung Wong, ; Min-Jia Li,
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Chih-Shung Wong, ; Min-Jia Li,
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23
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Sosicka P, Ng BG, Freeze HH. Chemical Therapies for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2962-2971. [PMID: 34788024 PMCID: PMC9126425 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are ultrarare, genetically and clinically heterogeneous metabolic disorders. Although the number of identified CDG is growing rapidly, there are few therapeutic options. Most treatments involve dietary supplementation with monosaccharides or other precursors. These approaches are relatively safe, but in many cases, the molecular and biochemical underpinnings are incomplete. Recent studies demonstrate that yeast, worm, fly, and zebrafish models of CDG are powerful tools in screening repurposed drugs, ushering a new avenue to search for novel therapeutic options. Here we present a perspective on compounds that are currently in use for CDG treatment or have a potential to be applied as therapeutics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Address correspondence to: Hudson H. Freeze, Professor of Glycobiology, Director, Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd. La Jolla, CA 92037, , Phone: 858-646-3142
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24
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Wang J, Gou X, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao N, Wang X. Case Report: The novel hemizygous mutation in the SSR4 gene caused congenital disorder of glycosylation type iy: A case study and literature review. Front Genet 2022; 13:955732. [PMID: 36386804 PMCID: PMC9643473 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.955732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently, the hemizygous variation of SSR4 gene has been reported to be associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Iy. To date, only 13 patients have been diagnosed with SSR4-CDG in the worldwide, but it has not been reported in the Chinese population. Methods: Whole-exome sequencing and gene copy number variation analysis were used to genetic analysis. The mRNA expression of SSR4 gene in blood was detected by Real-time Quantitative PCR. The clinical manifestations of all patients reported in the literature were reviewed. Results: WES analysis identified a de novo hemizygous variant c.269G>A (p.Trp90*) of SSR4 gene in the proband with psychomotor retardation, microcephaly, abnormal facial features, and nystagmus. This variant has not been reported in previous studies. The in vivo mRNA expression of SSR4 gene in patient was significantly decreased. Literature review showed that all 14 patients, including our patient, presented with hypotonia, intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly, and abnormal facial features, while most patients had feeding difficulties, growth retardation, and ocular abnormalities, and epilepsy and skeletal abnormalities are less common. Conclusion: We reported the first case of SSR4-CDG caused by SSR4 variant in Chinese population, expanded the clinical and mutation spectra of the disorder, clarified the genetic etiology of the patient, and offered support for the prenatal diagnosis of the index family.
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25
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Hawkinson TR, Clarke HA, Young LEA, Conroy LR, Markussen KH, Kerch KM, Johnson LA, Nelson PT, Wang C, Allison DB, Gentry MS, Sun RC. In situ spatial glycomic imaging of mouse and human Alzheimer's disease brains. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1721-1735. [PMID: 34908231 PMCID: PMC9198106 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation in the brain is an understudied facet of glucose utilization that impacts a myriad of cellular processes including resting membrane potential, axon firing, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. Currently, a spatial map of N-linked glycans within the normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) human brain does not exist. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial N-linked glycome would improve our understanding of brain energy metabolism, linking metabolism to signaling events perturbed during AD progression, and could illuminate new therapeutic strategies. Herein we report an optimized in situ workflow for enzyme-assisted, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of brain N-linked glycans. Using this workflow, we spatially interrogated N-linked glycan heterogeneity in both mouse and human AD brains and their respective age-matched controls. We identified robust regional-specific N-linked glycan changes associated with AD in mice and humans. These data suggest that N-linked glycan dysregulation could be an underpinning of AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Hawkinson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Harrison A. Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lyndsay E. A. Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Conroy
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kia H. Markussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kayla M. Kerch
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Derek B. Allison
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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A FUNCTIONAL PLATFORM FOR THE SELECTION OF PATHOGENIC VARIANTS OF
PMM2
AMENABLE TO RESCUE VIA THE USE OF PHARMACOLOGICAL CHAPERONES. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1430-1442. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.24431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Guindolet D, Woodward AM, Gabison EE, Argüeso P. Glycogene Expression Profile of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells with Distinct Clonogenic Potential. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091575. [PMID: 35563881 PMCID: PMC9102009 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans function as valuable markers of stem cells but also regulate the ability of these cells to self-renew and differentiate. Approximately 2% of the human genome encodes for proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis and recognition of glycans. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of a small subset of glycogenes in human limbal epithelial cells with distinct clonogenic potential. Individual clones were classified as abortive or clonogenic, based on the fraction of the terminal colonies produced; clones leading exclusively to terminal colonies were referred to as abortive while those with half or fewer terminal colonies were referred to as clonogenic. An analysis of glycogene expression in clonogenic cultures revealed a high content of transcripts regulating the galactose and mannose metabolic pathways. Abortive clones were characterized by increased levels of GCNT4 and FUCA2, genes that are responsible for the branching of mucin-type O-glycans and the hydrolysis of fucose residues on N-glycans, respectively. The expansion of primary cultures of human limbal epithelial cells for 10 days resulted in stratification and a concomitant increase in MUC16, GCNT4 and FUCA2 expression. These data indicate that the clonogenic potential of human limbal epithelial cells is associated with specific glycosylation pathways. Mucin-type O-glycan branching and increased fucose metabolism are linked to limbal epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Guindolet
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.G.); (A.M.W.)
- Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Department of Ophthalmology, 25 rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Ashley M. Woodward
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.G.); (A.M.W.)
| | - Eric E. Gabison
- Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Department of Ophthalmology, 25 rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (E.E.G.); (P.A.)
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass. Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (D.G.); (A.M.W.)
- Correspondence: (E.E.G.); (P.A.)
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28
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Yarahmadi SG, Morovvati S. CAD gene and early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50; three Iranian deceased patients and a novel mutation: case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:125. [PMID: 35277149 PMCID: PMC8915536 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy is a severe form of epilepsy that is genetically extremely heterogeneous and characterized by seizures or spasms at the beginning of infancy. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the CAD gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50 (EIEE50). This case report describes the clinical and molecular features of three patients affected with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
Case presentation
In this report, we describe the clinical features of two deceased daughters and one recently deceased son affected with seizure, muscular hypotonia, and developmental delay. After genetic counseling, blood samples were obtained from the parents, and whole-exome sequencing was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood, and mutation analysis was performed using PCR and sequencing methods for the CAD gene. Genetic analysis using the whole-exome sequencing method has detected a novel likely pathogenic mutation on CAD gene, c.2995G > A (p.Val999Met), in heterozygous states in asymptomatic parents and homozygous state in affected newborn son. This mutation has not been reported in the literature for its pathogenicity.
Conclusions
The asymptomatic parents are carriers for the likely pathogenic variant in the CAD gene, and the recently deceased newborn son had the same mutation in a homozygous state. Given that, multiple lines of in silico computational analysis support the detrimental impact of the variant on the gene, and this variant is absent in population databases. Pathogenic mutations in the CAD gene are related to autosomal recessive EIEE50 with similar signs and symptoms to our patients. Ultimately, it is confirmed that this mutation is causative in our patients.
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29
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Boyd A, Montandon M, Wood AJ, Currie PD. FKRP directed fibronectin glycosylation: A novel mechanism giving insights into muscular dystrophies? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100270. [PMID: 35229908 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recently uncovered role of Fukutin-related protein (FKRP) in fibronectin glycosylation has challenged our understanding of the basis of disease pathogenesis in the muscular dystrophies. FKRP is a Golgi-resident glycosyltransferase implicated in a broad spectrum of muscular dystrophy (MD) pathologies that are not fully attributable to the well-described α-Dystroglycan hypoglycosylation. By revealing a new role for FKRP in the glycosylation of fibronectin, a modification critical for the development of the muscle basement membrane (MBM) and its associated muscle linkages, new possibilities for understanding clinical phenotype arise. This modification involves an interaction between FKRP and myosin-10, a protein involved in the Golgi organization and function. These observations suggest a FKRP nexus exists that controls two critical aspects to muscle fibre integrity, both fibre stability at the MBM and its elastic properties. This review explores the new potential disease axis in the context of our current knowledge of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Boyd
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margo Montandon
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alasdair J Wood
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,EMBL Australia, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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30
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Lack of NKG2D in MAGT1-deficient patients is caused by hypoglycosylation. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1279-1286. [PMID: 35182234 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-021-02400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the X-linked gene MAGT1 cause a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG), with two distinct clinical phenotypes: a primary immunodeficiency (XMEN disorder) versus intellectual and developmental disability. It was previously established that MAGT1 deficiency abolishes steady-state expression of the immune response protein NKG2D (encoded by KLRK1) in lymphocytes. Here, we show that the reduced steady-state levels of NKG2D are caused by hypoglycosylation of the protein and we pinpoint the exact site that is underglycosylated in MAGT1-deficient patients. Furthermore, we challenge the possibility that supplementation with magnesium restores NKG2D levels and show that the addition of this ion does not significantly improve NKG2D steady-state expression nor does it rescue the hypoglycosylation defect in CRISPR-engineered human cell lines. Moreover, magnesium supplementation of an XMEN patient did not result in restoration of NKG2D expression on the cell surface of lymphocytes. In summary, we demonstrate that in MAGT1-deficient patients, the lack of NKG2D is caused by hypoglycosylation, further elucidating the pathophysiology of XMEN/MAGT1-CDG.
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31
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Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Techniques in Neurodegenerative Disorders and Neurotrauma: Towards Personalized Markers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030581. [PMID: 35159390 PMCID: PMC8834236 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteome represents all the proteins expressed by a genome, a cell, a tissue, or an organism at any given time under defined physiological or pathological circumstances. Proteomic analysis has provided unparalleled opportunities for the discovery of expression patterns of proteins in a biological system, yielding precise and inclusive data about the system. Advances in the proteomics field opened the door to wider knowledge of the mechanisms underlying various post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including glycosylation. As of yet, the role of most of these PTMs remains unidentified. In this state-of-the-art review, we present a synopsis of glycosylation processes and the pathophysiological conditions that might ensue secondary to glycosylation shortcomings. The dynamics of protein glycosylation, a crucial mechanism that allows gene and pathway regulation, is described. We also explain how-at a biomolecular level-mutations in glycosylation-related genes may lead to neuropsychiatric manifestations and neurodegenerative disorders. We then analyze the shortcomings of glycoproteomic studies, putting into perspective their downfalls and the different advanced enrichment techniques that emanated to overcome some of these challenges. Furthermore, we summarize studies tackling the association between glycosylation and neuropsychiatric disorders and explore glycoproteomic changes in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We finally conclude with the role of glycomics in the area of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and provide perspectives on the clinical application of glycoproteomics as potential diagnostic tools and their application in personalized medicine.
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Abstract
Glycosylation, one of the most common post-translational modifications in mammalian cells, impacts many biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the most abundant glycoprotein in human serum, immunoglobulin G (IgG) plays a vital role in immune response and protection. There is a growing body of evidence suggests that IgG structure and function are modulated by attached glycans, especially N-glycans, and aberrant glycosylation is associated with disease states. In this chapter, we review IgG glycan repertoire and function, strategies for profiling IgG N-glycome and recent studies. Mass spectrometry (MS) based techniques are the most powerful tools for profiling IgG glycome. IgG glycans can be divided into high-mannose, biantennary complex and hybrid types, modified with mannosylation, core-fucosylation, galactosylation, bisecting GlcNAcylation, or sialylation. Glycosylation of IgG affects antibody half-life and their affinity and avidity for antigens, regulates crystallizable fragment (Fc) structure and Fcγ receptor signaling, as well as antibody effector function. Because of their critical roles, IgG N-glycans appear to be promising biomarkers for various disease states. Specific IgG glycosylation can convert a pro-inflammatory response to an anti-inflammatory activity. Accordingly, IgG glycoengineering provides a powerful approach to potentially develop effective drugs and treat disease. Based on the understanding of the functional role of IgG glycans, the development of vaccines with enhanced capacity and long-term protection are possible in the near future.
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33
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Wilson MP, Garanto A, Pinto e Vairo F, Ng BG, Ranatunga WK, Ventouratou M, Baerenfaenger M, Huijben K, Thiel C, Ashikov A, Keldermans L, Souche E, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Dupré T, Michelakakis H, Fiumara A, Pitt J, White SM, Lim SC, Gallacher L, Peters H, Rymen D, Witters P, Ribes A, Morales-Romero B, Rodríguez-Palmero A, Ballhausen D, de Lonlay P, Barone R, Janssen MC, Jaeken J, Freeze HH, Matthijs G, Morava E, Lefeber DJ. Active site variants in STT3A cause a dominant type I congenital disorder of glycosylation with neuromusculoskeletal findings. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2130-2144. [PMID: 34653363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) form a group of rare diseases characterized by hypoglycosylation. We here report the identification of 16 individuals from nine families who have either inherited or de novo heterozygous missense variants in STT3A, leading to an autosomal-dominant CDG. STT3A encodes the catalytic subunit of the STT3A-containing oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex, essential for protein N-glycosylation. Affected individuals presented with variable skeletal anomalies, short stature, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features; half had intellectual disability. Additional features included increased muscle tone and muscle cramps. Modeling of the variants in the 3D structure of the OST complex indicated that all variants are located in the catalytic site of STT3A, suggesting a direct mechanistic link to the transfer of oligosaccharides onto nascent glycoproteins. Indeed, expression of STT3A at mRNA and steady-state protein level in fibroblasts was normal, while glycosylation was abnormal. In S. cerevisiae, expression of STT3 containing variants homologous to those in affected individuals induced defective glycosylation of carboxypeptidase Y in a wild-type yeast strain and expression of the same mutants in the STT3 hypomorphic stt3-7 yeast strain worsened the already observed glycosylation defect. These data support a dominant pathomechanism underlying the glycosylation defect. Recessive mutations in STT3A have previously been described to lead to a CDG. We present here a dominant form of STT3A-CDG that, because of the presence of abnormal transferrin glycoforms, is unusual among dominant type I CDGs.
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34
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Congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by starting site-specific variant in syntaxin-5. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6227. [PMID: 34711829 PMCID: PMC8553859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26534-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) protein syntaxin-5 (Stx5) is essential for Golgi transport. In humans, the STX5 mRNA encodes two protein isoforms, Stx5 Long (Stx5L) from the first starting methionine and Stx5 Short (Stx5S) from an alternative starting methionine at position 55. In this study, we identify a human disorder caused by a single missense substitution in the second starting methionine (p.M55V), resulting in complete loss of the short isoform. Patients suffer from an early fatal multisystem disease, including severe liver disease, skeletal abnormalities and abnormal glycosylation. Primary human dermal fibroblasts isolated from these patients show defective glycosylation, altered Golgi morphology as measured by electron microscopy, mislocalization of glycosyltransferases, and compromised ER-Golgi trafficking. Measurements of cognate binding SNAREs, based on biotin-synchronizable forms of Stx5 (the RUSH system) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), revealed that the short isoform of Stx5 is essential for intra-Golgi transport. Alternative starting codons of Stx5 are thus linked to human disease, demonstrating that the site of translation initiation is an important new layer of regulating protein trafficking.
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35
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Scherpenzeel M, Conte F, Büll C, Ashikov A, Hermans E, Willems A, Tol W, Kragt E, Noga M, Moret EE, Heise T, Langereis JD, Rossing E, Zimmermann M, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, de Jonge MI, Adema GJ, Zamboni N, Boltje T, Lefeber DJ. Dynamic tracing of sugar metabolism reveals the mechanisms of action of synthetic sugar analogs. Glycobiology 2021; 32:239-250. [PMID: 34939087 PMCID: PMC8966471 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic sugar analogs are widely applied in metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) and as novel drugs to interfere with glycoconjugate biosynthesis. However, mechanistic insights on their exact cellular metabolism over time are mostly lacking. We combined ion-pair ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole mass spectrometry mass spectrometry using tributyl- and triethylamine buffers for sensitive analysis of sugar metabolites in cells and organisms and identified low abundant nucleotide sugars, such as UDP-arabinose in human cell lines and CMP-sialic acid (CMP-NeuNAc) in Drosophila. Furthermore, MOE revealed that propargyloxycarbonyl (Poc)-labeled ManNPoc was metabolized to both CMP-NeuNPoc and UDP-GlcNPoc. Finally, time-course analysis of the effect of antitumor compound 3Fax-NeuNAc by incubation of B16-F10 melanoma cells with N-acetyl-D-[UL-13C6]glucosamine revealed full depletion of endogenous ManNAc 6-phosphate and CMP-NeuNAc within 24 h. Thus, dynamic tracing of sugar metabolic pathways provides a general approach to reveal time-dependent insights into the metabolism of synthetic sugars, which is important for the rational design of analogs with optimized effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Scherpenzeel
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,GlycoMScan B.V., Kloosterstraat 9, RE0329, 5349 AB Oss, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Conte
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angel Ashikov
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hermans
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Willems
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Walinka Tol
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Else Kragt
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Noga
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed E Moret
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D Langereis
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rossing
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - M Estela Rubio-Gozalbo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, box 16, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 32, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Donohoo KB, Wang J, Goli M, Yu A, Peng W, Hakim MA, Mechref Y. Advances in mass spectrometry-based glycomics-An update covering the period 2017-2021. Electrophoresis 2021; 43:119-142. [PMID: 34505713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The wide variety of chemical properties and biological functions found in proteins is attained via post-translational modifications like glycosylation. Covalently bonded to proteins, glycans play a critical role in cell activity. Complex structures with microheterogeneity, the glycan structures that are associated with proteins are difficult to analyze comprehensively. Recent advances in sample preparation methods, separation techniques, and MS have facilitated the quantitation and structural elucidation of glycans. This review focuses on highlighting advances in MS-based techniques for glycomic analysis that occurred over the last 5 years (2017-2021) as an update to the previous review on the subject. The topics of discussion will include progress in glycomic workflow such as glycan release, purification, derivatization, and separation as well as the topics of ionization, tandem MS, and separation techniques that can be coupled with MS. Additionally, bioinformatics tools used for the analysis of glycans will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn B Donohoo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Junyao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Mona Goli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Aiying Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Md Abdul Hakim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
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37
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Raslan IR, Barsottini OG, Pedroso JL. A Proposed Clinical Classification and a Diagnostic Approach for Congenital Ataxias. Neurol Clin Pract 2021; 11:e328-e336. [PMID: 34484907 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review This review proposes a clinical classification for congenital ataxias based on clinical features, neuroimaging, and course of the disease. Recent Findings Congenital ataxias are an unusual group of neurologic disorders, with heterogeneous clinical and genetic presentation. Typical clinical features of congenital ataxias include variable degrees of motor developmental delay, very early onset cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, and hypotonia, frequently mistakenly diagnosed as cerebral palsy. Congenital ataxias are usually nonprogressive. Neuroimaging plays an important role in the characterization of congenital ataxias. Despite the development of genetics with exome sequencing, several congenital ataxias remain undetermined, and medical literature on this topic is scarce. Summary A didactic classification based on the clinical and neuroimaging features for congenital ataxias include the following 4 main groups: cerebellar malformation, syndromic congenital ataxias, congenital cerebellar hypoplasia, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A diagnostic approach for congenital ataxias is proposed, and its differential diagnosis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Rocha Raslan
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orlando G Barsottini
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedroso
- Ataxia Unit, Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sechi S, Karimpour-Ghahnavieh A, Frappaolo A, Di Francesco L, Piergentili R, Schininà E, D’Avino PP, Giansanti MG. Identification of GOLPH3 Partners in Drosophila Unveils Potential Novel Roles in Tumorigenesis and Neural Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092336. [PMID: 34571985 PMCID: PMC8468827 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a highly conserved peripheral membrane protein localized to the Golgi apparatus and the cytosol. GOLPH3 binding to Golgi membranes depends on phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and regulates Golgi architecture and vesicle trafficking. GOLPH3 overexpression has been correlated with poor prognosis in several cancers, but the molecular mechanisms that link GOLPH3 to malignant transformation are poorly understood. We recently showed that PI(4)P-GOLPH3 couples membrane trafficking with contractile ring assembly during cytokinesis in dividing Drosophila spermatocytes. Here, we use affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP-MS) to identify the protein-protein interaction network (interactome) of Drosophila GOLPH3 in testes. Analysis of the GOLPH3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins involved in vesicle-mediated trafficking, cell proliferation and cytoskeleton dynamics. In particular, we found that dGOLPH3 interacts with the Drosophila orthologs of Fragile X mental retardation protein and Ataxin-2, suggesting a potential role in the pathophysiology of disorders of the nervous system. Our findings suggest novel molecular targets associated with GOLPH3 that might be relevant for therapeutic intervention in cancers and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sechi
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Angela Karimpour-Ghahnavieh
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Anna Frappaolo
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Laura Di Francesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Roberto Piergentili
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
| | - Eugenia Schininà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (L.D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Pier Paolo D’Avino
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK;
| | - Maria Grazia Giansanti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; (S.S.); (A.K.-G.); (A.F.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-064-991-2555
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The evolving genetic landscape of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129976. [PMID: 34358634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are an expanding and complex group of rare genetic disorders caused by defects in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids. The genetic spectrum of CDG is extremely broad with mutations in over 140 genes leading to a wide variety of symptoms ranging from mild to severe and life-threatening. There has been an expansion in the genetic complexity of CDG in recent years. More specifically several examples of alternate phenotypes in recessive forms of CDG and new types of CDG following an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern have been identified. In addition, novel genetic mechanisms such as expansion repeats have been reported and several already known disorders have been classified as CDG as their pathophysiology was better elucidated. Furthermore, we consider the future and outlook of CDG genetics, with a focus on exploration of the non-coding genome using whole genome sequencing, RNA-seq and multi-omics technology.
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Sasiene ZJ, Ropartz D, Rogniaux H, Jackson GP. Charge transfer dissociation of a branched glycan with alkali and alkaline earth metal adducts. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4774. [PMID: 34180110 PMCID: PMC8285033 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkali and alkaline earth metal adducts of a branched glycan, XXXG, were analyzed with helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) and low-energy collision-induced dissociation (LE-CID) to investigate if metalation would impact the type of fragments generated and the structural characterization of the analyte. The studied adducts included 1+ and 2+ precursors involving one or more of the cations: H+ , Na+ , K+ , Ca2+ , and Mg2+ . Regardless of the metal adduct, He-CTD generated abundant and numerous glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages that were structurally informative and able to identify the 1,4-linkage and 1,6-branching patterns. In contrast, the LE-CID spectra mainly contained glycosidic cleavages, consecutive fragments, and numerous neutral losses, which complicated spectral interpretation. LE-CID of [M + K + H]2+ and [M + Na]+ precursors generated a few cross-ring cleavages, but they were not sufficient to identify the 1,4-linkage and 1,6-branching pattern of the XXXG xyloglucan. He-CTD predominantly generated 1+ fragments from 1+ precursors and 2+ product ions from 2+ precursors, although both LE-CID and He-CTD were able to generate 1+ product ions from 2+ adducts of magnesium and calcium. The singly charged fragments derive from the loss of H+ from the metalated product ions and the formation of a protonated complementary product ion; such observations are similar to previous reports for magnesium and calcium salts undergoing electron capture dissociation (ECD) activation. However, during He-CTD, the [M + Mg]2+ precursor generated more singly charged product ions than [M + Ca]2+ , either because Mg has a higher second ionization potential than Ca or because of conformational differences and the locations of the charging adducts during fragmentation. He-CTD of the [M + 2Na]2+ and the [M + 2 K]2+ precursors generated singly charged product ions from the loss of a sodium ion and potassium ion, respectively. In summary, although the metal ions influence the mass and charge state of the observed product ions, the metal ions had a negligible effect on the types of cross-ring cleavages observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Sasiene
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6121, USA
| | - David Ropartz
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes, F-44316, France
- BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes, F-44316, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- UR BIA, INRAE, Nantes, F-44316, France
- BIBS Facility, INRAE, Nantes, F-44316, France
| | - Glen P Jackson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6121, USA
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6121, USA
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41
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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A mutation in SLC37A4 causes a dominantly inherited congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by liver dysfunction. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1040-1052. [PMID: 33964207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC37A4 encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized multitransmembrane protein required for transporting glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6P) into the ER. Once transported into the ER, Glc-6P is subsequently hydrolyzed by tissue-specific phosphatases to glucose and inorganic phosphate during times of glucose depletion. Pathogenic variants in SLC37A4 cause an established recessive disorder known as glycogen storage disorder 1b characterized by liver and kidney dysfunction with neutropenia. We report seven individuals who presented with liver dysfunction multifactorial coagulation deficiency and cardiac issues and were heterozygous for the same variant, c.1267C>T (p.Arg423∗), in SLC37A4; the affected individuals were from four unrelated families. Serum samples from affected individuals showed profound accumulation of both high mannose and hybrid type N-glycans, while N-glycans in fibroblasts and undifferentiated iPSC were normal. Due to the liver-specific nature of this disorder, we generated a CRISPR base-edited hepatoma cell line harboring the c.1267C>T (p.Arg423∗) variant. These cells replicated the secreted abnormalities seen in serum N-glycosylation, and a portion of the mutant protein appears to relocate to a distinct, non-Golgi compartment, possibly ER exit sites. These cells also show a gene dosage-dependent alteration in the Golgi morphology and reduced intraluminal pH that may account for the altered glycosylation. In summary, we identify a recurrent mutation in SLC37A4 that causes a dominantly inherited congenital disorder of glycosylation characterized by coagulopathy and liver dysfunction with abnormal serum N-glycans.
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43
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Masunaga Y, Mochizuki M, Kadoya M, Wada Y, Okamoto N, Fukami M, Kato F, Saitsu H, Ogata T. Primary ovarian insufficiency in a female with phosphomannomutase-2 gene (PMM2) mutations for congenital disorder of glycosylation. Endocr J 2021; 68:605-611. [PMID: 33583911 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a highly heterogeneous condition, and its underlying causes remain to be clarified in a large fraction of patients. Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are multisystem diseases caused by mutations of a number of genes involved in N-glycosylation or O-glycosylation, and the most frequent form is PMM2-CDG (alias, CDG-Ia) resulting from biallelic mutations in PMM2 encoding phosphomannomutase-2 involved in N-glycosylation. Here, we examined a 46,XX Japanese female with syndromic POI accompanied by an undetectable level of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). Whole exome sequencing identified biallelic pathogenic mutations of PMM2 (a novel c.34G>C:p.(Asp12His) of maternal origin and a recurrent c.310C>G:p.(Leu104Val) of paternal origin) (NM_000303.3), and N-glycosylation studies detected asialotransferrin and disialotransferrin characteristic of PMM2-CDG, in addition to normally glycosylated tetrasialotransferrin. Clinical assessment showed cerebellar hypotrophy, which is a fairly characteristic and highly prevalent feature in PMM2-CDG, together with multiple non-specific features reported in PMM2-CDG such as characteristic face, intellectual disability, skeletal abnormalities, and low blood antithrombin III value. These results including the undetectable level of serum AMH, in conjunction with previously reported findings suggestive of the critical role of glycosylation in oocyte development and function, imply that PMM2-CDG almost invariably leads to POI primarily because of the defective oogenesis and/or oocyte-dependent early folliculogenesis rather than the compromised bioactivity of FSH/LH with defective glycosylation. Thus, it is recommended to examine PMM2 in patients with syndromic POI, especially in those with cerebellar ataxia/hypotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Masunaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mie Mochizuki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Yamanashi, Faculty of Medicine, Chuou 409-3898, Japan
| | - Machiko Kadoya
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi 594-1101, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi 594-1101, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Fumiko Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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44
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Yang F, Yang Q, Mo X, Burstein E, Jia D, Cai XT, Tu Y. GMPPB-congenital disorders of glycosylation associate with decreased enzymatic activity of GMPPB. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:13. [PMID: 35006422 PMCID: PMC8607393 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a family of metabolic diseases in which glycosylation of proteins or lipids is deficient. GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB) mutations lead to CDG, characterized by neurological and muscular defects. However, the genotype-phenotype correlation remains elusive, limiting our understanding of the underlying mechanism and development of therapeutic strategy. Here, we report a case of an individual presenting congenital muscular dystrophy with cerebellar involvement, who presents two heterozygous GMPPB mutations (V111G and G214S). The V111G mutation significantly decreases GMPPB’s enzymatic activity. By measuring enzymatic activities of 17 reported GMPPB mutants identified in patients diagnosed with GMPPB-CDG, we discover that all tested GMPPB variants exhibit significantly decreased enzymatic activity. Using a zebrafish model, we find that Gmppb is required for neuronal and muscle development, and further demonstrate that enzymatic activity of GMPPB mutants correlates with muscular and neuronal phenotypes in zebrafish. Taken together, our findings discover the importance of GMPPB enzymatic activity for the pathogenesis of GMPPB-CDG, and shed light for the development of additional indicators and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianming Mo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiao-Tang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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İnci A, Cengiz B, Biberoğlu G, Okur İ, Arhan E, Öner AY, Kasapkara ÇS, Küçükçongar A, Tümer L, Ezgu F. Congenital defects of glycosylation: Novel presentations with mainly neurological involvement and variable dysmorphic features. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2739-2747. [PMID: 33960646 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of congenital defects of glycosylation (CDG) is complex and the diagnosis has been a challenge because of the overlapping clinical signs and symptoms as well as a large number of disorders. Isoelectric focusing of transferrin has been used as a screening method but has limitations. Individual enzyme or molecular genetic tests have been difficult to perform. In this study, we aimed to describe CDG patients who were referred to from different departments either without a preliminary diagnosis or suspected to have a genetic disorder other than CDG. The patients were diagnosed mainly with a 450 gene next-generation DNA sequencing panel for inborn errors of metabolism, which also included 25 genes for CDG. A total of 862 patients were investigated with the panel, whereby homozygous (10) or compound heterozygous (4) mutations were found in a total of 14 (1.6%) patients. A total of 13 different mutations were discovered, 10 of them being novel. Interestingly, none of the patients was suspected to have a CDG before referral. This report expands the clinical/laboratory findings in patients with CDG and stresses on the fact that CDG should be in the differential list for pediatric patients presented with nonspecific dysmorphic features and neurological delays/regression. Also, next-generation DNA sequencing with panel approach was noticed to have a significant diagnostic potential in patients presented with nonspecific neurologic and dysmorphic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı İnci
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Başak Cengiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gürsel Biberoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İlyas Okur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Arhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Yusuf Öner
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aynur Küçükçongar
- Ankara City Hospital, Department of Metabolic Disorders, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Leyla Tümer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ezgu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolic Diseases, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Sobiepanek A, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Kobiela T. Biophysical characterization of melanoma cell phenotype markers during metastatic progression. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:523-542. [PMID: 33730175 PMCID: PMC8190004 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The most common melanoma genetic driver is mutation of the proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase BRAF; thus, the inhibition of its MAP kinase pathway by specific inhibitors is a commonly applied therapy. However, many patients are resistant, or develop resistance to this type of monotherapy, and therefore combined therapies which target other signaling pathways through various molecular mechanisms are required. A possible strategy may involve targeting cellular energy metabolism, which has been recognized as crucial for cancer development and progression and which connects through glycolysis to cell surface glycan biosynthetic pathways. Protein glycosylation is a hallmark of more than 50% of the human proteome and it has been recognized that altered glycosylation occurs during the metastatic progression of melanoma cells which, in turn facilitates their migration. This review provides a description of recent advances in the search for factors able to remodel cell metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and of changes in specific markers and in the biophysical properties of cells during melanoma development from a nevus to metastasis. This development is accompanied by changes in the expression of surface glycans, with corresponding changes in ligand-receptor affinity, giving rise to structural features and viscoelastic parameters particularly well suited to study by label-free biophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobiepanek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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47
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Cryo-EM structures of human GMPPA-GMPPB complex reveal how cells maintain GDP-mannose homeostasis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:1-12. [PMID: 33986552 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) is a key metabolite essential for protein glycosylation and glycophosphatidylinositol anchor synthesis, and aberrant cellular GDP-Man levels have been associated with multiple human diseases. How cells maintain homeostasis of GDP-Man is unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of human GMPPA-GMPPB complex, the protein machinery responsible for GDP-Man synthesis, in complex with GDP-Man or GTP. Unexpectedly, we find that the catalytically inactive subunit GMPPA displays a much higher affinity to GDP-Man than the active subunit GMPPB and, subsequently, inhibits the catalytic activity of GMPPB through a unique C-terminal loop of GMPPA. Importantly, disruption of the interactions between GMPPA and GMPPB or the binding of GDP-Man to GMPPA in zebrafish leads to abnormal brain development and muscle abnormality, analogous to phenotypes observed in individuals carrying GMPPA or GMPPB mutations. We conclude that GMPPA acts as a cellular sensor to maintain mannose homeostasis through allosterically regulating GMPPB.
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48
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Tain LS, Sehlke R, Meilenbrock RL, Leech T, Paulitz J, Chokkalingam M, Nagaraj N, Grönke S, Fröhlich J, Atanassov I, Mann M, Beyer A, Partridge L. Tissue-specific modulation of gene expression in response to lowered insulin signalling in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:67275. [PMID: 33879316 PMCID: PMC8060030 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced activity of the insulin/IGF signalling network increases health during ageing in multiple species. Diverse and tissue-specific mechanisms drive the health improvement. Here, we performed tissue-specific transcriptional and proteomic profiling of long-lived Drosophila dilp2-3,5 mutants, and identified tissue-specific regulation of >3600 transcripts and >3700 proteins. Most expression changes were regulated post-transcriptionally in the fat body, and only in mutants infected with the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia pipientis, which increases their lifespan. Bioinformatic analysis identified reduced co-translational ER targeting of secreted and membrane-associated proteins and increased DNA damage/repair response proteins. Accordingly, age-related DNA damage and genome instability were lower in fat body of the mutant, and overexpression of a minichromosome maintenance protein subunit extended lifespan. Proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism showed altered expression in the mutant intestine, and gut-specific overexpression of a lysosomal mannosidase increased autophagy, gut homeostasis, and lifespan. These processes are candidates for combatting ageing-related decline in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Sehlke
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Leech
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jonathan Paulitz
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manopriya Chokkalingam
- CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nagarjuna Nagaraj
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ilian Atanassov
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- CECAD Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC) & Cologne School for Computational Biology (CSCB), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL, London, United Kingdom
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Chen S, Qin R, Mahal LK. Sweet systems: technologies for glycomic analysis and their integration into systems biology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 56:301-320. [PMID: 33820453 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1908953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Found in virtually every organism, glycans are essential molecules that play important roles in almost every aspect of biology. The composition of glycome, the repertoire of glycans in an organism or a biological sample, is often found altered in many diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, metabolic and developmental disorders. Understanding how glycosylation and glycomic changes enriches our knowledge of the mechanisms of disease progression and sheds light on the development of novel therapeutics. However, the inherent diversity of glycan structures imposes challenges on the experimental characterization of glycomes. Advances in high-throughput glycomic technologies enable glycomic analysis in a rapid and comprehensive manner. In this review, we discuss the analytical methods currently used in high-throughput glycomics, including mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography and lectin microarray. Concomitant with the technical advances is the integration of glycomics into systems biology in the recent years. Herein we elaborate on some representative works from this recent trend to underline the important role of glycomics in such integrated approaches to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rui Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lara K Mahal
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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50
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The role of O-glycosylation in human disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 79:100964. [PMID: 33775405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is a highly frequent post-translation modification of proteins, with important functional implications in both physiological and disease contexts. The biosynthesis of O-glycans depends on several layers of regulation of the cellular glycosylation machinery, being organ-, tissue- and cell-specific. This review provides insights on the molecular mechanism underlying O-glycan biosynthesis and modification, and highlights illustrative examples of diseases that are triggered or modulated by aberrant cellular O-glycosylation. Particular relevance is given to genetic disorders of glycosylation, infectious diseases and cancer. Finally, we address the potential of O-glycans and their biosynthetic pathways as targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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