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Liu H, Yan C, Hao C, Wang D, Liu Y, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Wang JX, Li D, Zhu J, Chang SY, Yang LH, Lin X, Yan C, Kang JD, Quan LH. Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolite composition of pre-weaned beef calves. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105991. [PMID: 36649780 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are essential for maintaining host health and production. The intestinal microflora of pre-weaned calves gradually tends to mature with growth and development and has high plasticity, but few studies have explored the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaned beef calves. In this study, we tracked the dynamics of faecal microbiota in 13 new-born calves by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysed changes in faecal amino acid levels using metabolomics. Calves were divided into the relatively high average daily gain group (HA) and the relatively low average daily gain group (LA) for comparison. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity of the faecal microbiota increased with calf growth and development. The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae bacterium DJF B175 increased in the HA group, while that of Lactobacillus reuteri decreased. The results of the LEfSe analysis showed that the microbiota of faeces of HA calves at eight weeks of age was enriched with P. bacterium DJF B175, while Escherichia coli and L. reuteri were enriched in the microbiota of faeces of LA calves. Besides, the total amino acid concentration decreased significantly in the eighth week compared with that in the first week (P < 0.05). Overall, even under the same management conditions, microorganisms and their metabolites interact to play different dynamic regulatory roles. Our results provide new insights into changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites of pre-weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunyun Hao
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yize Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Changguo Yan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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A Possible Outbreak by Serratia marcescens: Genetic Relatedness between Clinical and Environmental Strains. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189814. [PMID: 34574734 PMCID: PMC8472797 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Serratia marcescens (SM) is a Gram-negative bacterium that is frequently found in the environment. Since 1913, when its pathogenicity was first demonstrated, the number of infections caused by SM has increased. There is ample evidence that SM causes nosocomial infections in immunocompromised or critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs), but also in newborns admitted to neonatal ICUs (NICUs). In this study, we evaluated the possible genetic correlation by PFGE between clinical and environmental SM strains from NICU and ICU and compared the genetic profile of clinical strains with strains isolated from patients admitted to other wards of the same hospital. We found distinct clonally related groups of SM strains circulating among different wards of a large university hospital. In particular, the clonal relationship between clinical and environmental strains in NICU and ICU 1 was highlighted. The identification of clonal relationships between clinical and environmental strains in the wards allowed identification of the epidemic and rapid implementation of adequate measures to stop the spread of SM.
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Wang X, Xiao W, Li L, Jing M, Sun M, Chang Y, Qu Y, Jiang Y, Xu Q. Analysis of the molecular characteristics of a blaKPC-2-harbouring untypeable plasmid in Serratia marcescens. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:237-244. [PMID: 34232406 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serratia marcescens has attracted increasing attention worldwide as a neglected opportunistic pathogen of public health concern, especially due to its antimicrobial resistance features, which usually cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised or critically ill patients. METHODS In our study, four carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens (CRSM) clinical isolates were characterized in our hospital from February 2018 to May 2018. The conjugation experiment confirmed the transferability of the carbapenem resistance gene. The types of carbapenem resistance genes were detected by PCR. The homology of the strains was analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The characteristics of the plasmid and environment of carbapenem resistance genes were analysed after whole genome sequencing was performed. Then, we compared the amino acid sequence of the replication initiation protein and constructed a dendrogram by the neighbour-joining method. RESULTS All four isolates showed carbapenem resistance conferred by a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid. They had exactly the same bands confirmed by PFGE and were defined as the homologous strains. The blaKPC-2 genes in all of the isolates were located in a 42,742 bp plasmid, which was located in the core region of antibiotic resistance and was composed of Tn3 family transposons, recombinant enzyme genes, ISKpn6 and ISKpn27. The core region of antibiotic resistance formed a 'Tn3-ISKpn6-blaKPC-ISKpn27-Tn3' structure, which was an independent region as a movable element belonging to transposon Tn6296 and its derivatives. The plasmid had a similar skeleton to incX6 plasmids and a similar amino acid sequence to the replication initiation protein. The plasmid was defined as an untypeable blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid named the 'IncX6-like' plasmid. CONCLUSION The four CRSM isolates were mainly clonally disseminated with a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid in our hospital. The pKPC-2-HENAN1602 plasmid (CP047392) in our study was first reported in Serratia marcescens, which belongs to an untypeable group named the 'IncX6-like' plasmid. The carbapenem-resistant gene structure surrounding blaKPC-2 as a sole accessory module can be acquired by horizontal gene transfer and might lead to serious nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanye Qu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive Tumor Markers, No.127 Dongming Road Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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Khayyat AN, Hegazy WAH, Shaldam MA, Mosbah R, Almalki AJ, Ibrahim TS, Khayat MT, Khafagy ES, Soliman WE, Abbas HA. Xylitol Inhibits Growth and Blocks Virulence in Serratia marcescens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051083. [PMID: 34070043 PMCID: PMC8158113 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and causes wound and burn infections. It shows high resistance to antibiotics and its pathogenicity is mediated by an arsenal of virulence factors. Another therapeutic option to such infections is targeting quorum sensing (QS), which controls the expression of different S. marcescens virulence factors. Prevention of QS can deprive S. marcescens from its bacterial virulence without applying stress on the bacterial growth and facilitates the eradication of the bacteria by immunity. The objective of the current study is to explore the antimicrobial and antivirulence activities of xylitol against S. marcescens. Xylitol could inhibit the growth of S. marcescens. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of xylitol could inhibit biofilm formation, reduce prodigiosin production, and completely block protease activity. Moreover, xylitol decreased swimming motility, swarming motility and increased the sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. The expression of rsmA, pigP, flhC, flhD fimA, fimC, shlA bsmB, and rssB genes that regulate virulence factor production was significantly downregulated by xylitol. In silico study showed that xylitol could bind with the SmaR receptor by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding, and interfere with the binding of the natural ligand with SmaR receptor. An in vivo mice survival test confirmed the ability of xylitol to protect mice against the virulence of S. marcescens. In conclusion, xylitol is a growth and virulence inhibitor in S. marcescens and can be employed for the treatment of S. marcescens wound and burn infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahdab N. Khayyat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.); (T.S.I.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1101188800
| | - Moataz A. Shaldam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Rasha Mosbah
- Infection control Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Faculty of Oral and Dental medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Giza Governorate 12573, Egypt
| | - Ahmad J. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.); (T.S.I.); (M.T.K.)
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.); (T.S.I.); (M.T.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Maan T. Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.N.K.); (A.J.A.); (T.S.I.); (M.T.K.)
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41552, Egypt
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical science, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Al-Ahsa 36362, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Hisham A. Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Chilczuk T, Monson R, Schmieder P, Christov V, Enke H, Salmond G, Niedermeyer THJ. Ambigols from the Cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua Increase Prodigiosin Production in Serratia spp. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2929-2936. [PMID: 33143417 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
When a library of 573 cyanobacteria extracts was screened for inhibition of the quorum sensing regulated prodigiosin production of Serratia marcescens, an extract of the cyanobacterium Fischerella ambigua (Näg.) Gomont 108b was found to drastically increase prodigiosin production. Bioactivity-guided isolation of the active compounds resulted in the two new natural products ambigol D and E along with the known ambigols A and C. Ambigol C treatment increased prodiginine production of Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 (S39006) by a factor of 10, while ambigols A and D were found to have antibiotic activity against this strain. The RNA-Seq of S39006 treated with ambigol C and subsequent differential gene expression and functional enrichment analyses indicated a significant downregulation of genes associated with the translation machinery and fatty acid biosynthesis in Serratia, as well as increased expression of genes related to the uptake of l-proline. These results suggest that the ambigols increase prodiginine production in S39006 not by activating the SmaIR quorum sensing system but possibly by increasing the precursor supply of l-proline and malonyl-CoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chilczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology/Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rita Monson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Department of NMR-Supported Structural Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vesselin Christov
- Zentrum für medizinische Grundlagenforschung, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - George Salmond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Hopkins Building, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, United Kingdom
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Characterization of a rare bla VIM-4 metallo-β-lactamase-producing Serratia marcescens clinical isolate in Hungary. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04231. [PMID: 32637682 PMCID: PMC7327745 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens isolate was recovered from a patient with an inflammed pacemaker inplantation pocket from a Cardiac Surgery ward in a Hungarian University Hospital. Phenotypic tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed a very rare gene responsible for production of a carbapenemase (blaVIM-4), which was further characterized by Sanger-sequencing. The characterization of this S. marcescens strain emphasizes the ongoing emergence of novel or rare carbapenemases. Strains expressing a weak carbapenemase like this strain might go unrecognized by routine diagnostics due to low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the bacterial strains producing such enzymes.
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Ferreira RL, Rezende GS, Damas MSF, Oliveira-Silva M, Pitondo-Silva A, Brito MCA, Leonardecz E, de Góes FR, Campanini EB, Malavazi I, da Cunha AF, Pranchevicius MCDS. Characterization of KPC-Producing Serratia marcescens in an Intensive Care Unit of a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32670210 PMCID: PMC7326048 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen responsible for nosocomial and severe infections. Here, we determined phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 54 S. marcescens isolates obtained from patient samples from intensive-care-unit (ICU) and neonatal intensive-care-unit (NIUC) of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. All isolates were resistant to beta-lactam group antibiotics, and 92.6% (50/54) were not susceptible to tigecycline. Furthermore, 96.3% showed intrinsic resistance to polymyxin E (colistin), a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by MDR (multidrug-resistant) Gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, high susceptibility to other antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones (81.5%), and to aminoglycosides (as gentamicin 81.5%, and amikacin 85.2%) was found. Of all isolates, 24.1% were classified as MDR. The presence of resistance and virulence genes were examined by PCR and sequencing. All isolates carried KPC-carbapenemase (blaKPC) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase blaTEM genes, 14.8% carried blaOXA–1, and 16.7% carried blaCTX–M–1group genes, suggesting that bacterial resistance to β-lactam antibiotics found may be associated with these genes. The genes SdeB/HasF and SdeY/HasF that are associated with efflux pump mediated drug extrusion to fluoroquinolones and tigecycline, respectively, were found in 88.9%. The aac(6′)-Ib-cr variant gene that can simultaneously induce resistance to aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone was present in 24.1% of the isolates. Notably, the virulence genes to (i) pore-forming toxin (ShlA); (ii) phospholipase with hemolytic and cytolytic activities (PhlA); (iii) flagellar transcriptional regulator (FlhD); and (iv) positive regulator of prodigiosin and serratamolide production (PigP) were present in 98.2%. The genetic relationship among the isolates determined by ERIC-PCR demonstrated that the vast majority of isolates were grouped in a single cluster with 86.4% genetic similarity. In addition, many isolates showed 100% genetic similarity to each other, suggesting that the S. marcescens that circulate in this ICU are closely related. Our results suggest that the antimicrobial resistance to many drugs currently used to treat ICU and NIUC patients, associated with the high frequency of resistance and virulence genes is a worrisome phenomenon. Our findings emphasize the importance of active surveillance plans for infection control and to prevent dissemination of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumayne L Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Graziela S Rezende
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Oliveira-Silva
- Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André Pitondo-Silva
- Programas de Pós-graduação em Odontologia e Tecnologia Ambiental, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Márcia C A Brito
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Leonardecz
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fabiana R de Góes
- Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas e de Computação, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Emeline Boni Campanini
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Anderson F da Cunha
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Kim EJ, Park WB, Yoon JK, Cho WS, Kim SJ, Oh YR, Jun KI, Kang CK, Choe PG, Kim JI, Choi EH, Oh MD, Kim NJ. Outbreak investigation of Serratia marcescens neurosurgical site infections associated with a contaminated shaving razors. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:64. [PMID: 32398063 PMCID: PMC7216399 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection. We report an outbreak of neurosurgical site infections caused by Serratia marcescens after craniotomy in a tertiary care hospital. Methods Between August 6 and 21, 2018, five cases of early-onset SSI caused by S. marcescens after craniotomy were recorded in a 1786-bed tertiary care hospital. Cultures were collected from potential environmental sources and healthcare workers. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the genetic relationships among S. marcescens isolates. Results The outbreak involved five patients; S. marcescens was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid, pus, tissue, and blood samples from these patients. S. marcescens was also isolated from shaving razors and brushes. All S. marcescens isolates from the infected patients and razors showed the same resistance patterns on antibiotic-susceptibility tests. WGS revealed close clustering among four of five isolates from the patients and among three of four isolates from the razors. No additional patient developed S. marcescens infection after we stopped using the razors for scalp shaving. Conclusions We report an outbreak of neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy, which was associated with shaving razors contaminated by S. marcescens. Shaving scalps with razors should be avoided to prevent SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kim
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan Beom Park
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ki Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jung Kim
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Rok Oh
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang Il Jun
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Chang Kyung Kang
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Pyeong Gyun Choe
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myoung Don Oh
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Center for Infection Control and Prevention, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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Xu Q, Fu Y, Zhao F, Jiang Y, Yu Y. Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Serratia marcescens Clinical Isolates in a Tertiary Hospital in Hangzhou, China. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:999-1008. [PMID: 32308441 PMCID: PMC7152788 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s243197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have been thoroughly investigated as the pathogens most commonly associated with clinical infections, data on Serratia marcescens are inadequate and superficial. Methods In this study, we characterized 36 carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens (CRSM) isolates in our hospital from April 2018 to March 2019 by analysing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. The molecular typing of the isolates was performed using both pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). Results Thirty-three of the 36 isolates showed carbapenem resistance conferred by a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid, while the remaining three isolates were characterized by overexpression of beta-lactamase combined with porin loss. The blaKPC-2 genes in all the isolates were located on a plasmid of ~103 kb, except one, which was on a plasmid of ~94 kb. The gene structure surrounding blaKPC-2 in the plasmids was confirmed by integration of a partial Tn4401 structure and an intact IS26 as previously reported. Most of the plasmids also contained a mobile genetic element (MGE) comprising qnr and ISKpn19, which provided evidence of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusion The thirty-six CRSM isolates were mainly clonally disseminated with a blaKPC-2-harbouring plasmid in our hospital. The gene structure surrounding blaKPC-2 as an MGE, as well as the qnr segment, might be acquired by horizontal gene transfer, and it could aggravate the infection and increase the difficulty of clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310016, People's Republic of China
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Serratia marcescens sepsis outbreak caused by contaminated propofol. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47:582-584. [PMID: 30527282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We presented a sepsis outbreak caused by Serratia marcescens from contaminated propofol to raise awareness. Three patients had sepsis syndrome after chest surgery. Isolation of S marcescens from patients' respiratory and blood samples alerted us to a possible outbreak. Four syringes filled with propofol and 1 saline solution yielded S marcescens. Nine of 10 isolates from samples of patients and environment genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were the same. Disobeying aseptic injection rules of propofol is still causing outbreaks.
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11
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Epidemiological Typing of Serratia marcescens Isolates by Whole-Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01652-18. [PMID: 30728192 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01652-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serratia marcescens is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen. It is notorious for its increasing antimicrobial resistance and its potential to cause outbreaks of colonization and infections, predominantly in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). There, its spread requires rapid infection control response. To understand its spread, detailed molecular typing is key. We present a whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgMLST) method for S. marcescens Using a set of 299 publicly available whole-genome sequences (WGS), we developed an initial wgMLST system consisting of 9,377 gene loci. This included 1,455 loci occurring in all reference genomes and 7,922 accessory loci. This closed system was validated using three geographically diverse collections of S. marcescens consisting of 111 clinical isolates implicated in nosocomial dissemination events in three hospitals. The validation procedure showed a full match between epidemiological data and the wgMLST analyses. We set the cutoff value for epidemiological (non)relatedness at 20 different alleles, though for the majority of outbreak-clustered isolates, this difference was limited to 4 alleles. This shows that the wgMLST system for S. marcescens provides prospects for successful future monitoring for the epidemiological containment of this opportunistic pathogen.
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Patel P, Joshi C, Kothari V. Antipathogenic Potential of a Polyherbal Wound-Care Formulation (Herboheal) against Certain Wound-Infective Gram-Negative Bacteria. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2019; 2019:1739868. [PMID: 30833966 PMCID: PMC6369513 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1739868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated antipathogenic efficacy of a polyherbal wound-healing formulation Herboheal against three multidrug-resistant strains of gram-negative bacterial pathogens associated with wound infections. Herboheal was evaluated for its quorum-modulatory potential against three different human-pathogenic bacteria, first in vitro through the broth dilution assay and then in vivo in the model host Caenorhabditis elegans. Herboheal at ≥0.1% v/v was able to inhibit (19-55%) in vitro production of quorum sensing-regulated pigments in all these bacteria and seemed to interfere with bacterial quorum sensing by acting as a signal-response inhibitor. This formulation could compromise haemolytic activity of all three bacteria by ∼18-69% and induced their catalase activity by ∼8-21%. Herboheal inhibited P. aeruginosa biofilm formation up to 40%, reduced surface hydrophobicity of P. aeruginosa cells by ∼9%, and also made them (25%) more susceptible to lysis by human serum. Antibiotic susceptibility of all three bacteria was modulated owing to pretreatment with Herboheal. Exposure of these test pathogens to Herboheal (≥0.025% v/v) effectively reduced their virulence towards the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Repeated subculturing of P. aeruginosa on the Herboheal-supplemented growth medium did not induce resistance to Herboheal in this mischievous pathogen, and this polyherbal extract was also found to exert a post-extract effect on P. aeruginosa, wherein virulence of the Herboheal-unexposed daughter cultures, of the Herboheal-exposed parent culture, was also found to be attenuated. Overall, this study indicates Herboheal formulation to be an effective antipathogenic preparation and validates its indicated traditional therapeutic use as a wound-care formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Patel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Chinmayi Joshi
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
| | - Vijay Kothari
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad-382481, India
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Ranjan M, Karade S, Sen S, Srinivas V. Pseudohemoptysis in an elderly due to Serratia marcescens pneumonitis. Med J Armed Forces India 2018; 74:383-385. [PMID: 30449928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Ranjan
- Resident, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Santosh Karade
- Classified Specialist (Microbiology), Trained in Virology & Retrovirology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Sourav Sen
- Professor & Head, Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - V Srinivas
- Consultant and Head, Department of Pathology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
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Sink traps as the source of transmission of OXA-48-producing Serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018; 39:1307-1315. [PMID: 30284524 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2018.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) outbreaks are mostly attributed to patient-to-patient transmission via healthcare workers. OBJECTIVE We describe successful containment of a prolonged OXA-48-producing S. marcescens outbreak after recognizing the sink traps as the source of transmission. METHODS The Sheba Medical Center intensive care unit (ICU), contains 16 single-bed, semi-closed rooms. Active CPE surveillance includes twice-weekly rectal screening of all patients. A case was defined as a patient detected with OXA-48 CPE >72 hours after admission. A root-cause analysis was used to investigate the outbreak. All samples were inoculated on chrom-agar CRE, and carbapenemase genes were detected using commercial molecular Xpert-Carba-R. Environmental and patient S. marcescens isolates were characterized using PFGE. RESULTS From January 2016 to May 2017, 32 OXA-48 CPE cases were detected, and 81% of these were S. marcescens. A single clone was the cause of all but the first 2 cases. The common factor in all cases was the use of relatively large amounts of tap water. The outbreak clone was detected in 2 sink outlets and 16 sink traps. In addition to routine strict infection control measures, measures taken to contain the outbreak included (1) various sink decontamination efforts, which eliminated the bacteria from the sink drains only temporarily and (2) educational intervention that engaged the ICU team and lead to high adherence to 'sink-contamination prevention guidelines.' No additional cases were detected for 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Despite persistence of the outbreak clones in the environmental reservoir for 1 year, the outbreak was rapidly and successfully contained. Addressing sink traps as hidden reservoirs played a major role in the intervention.
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