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Gorjian Z, Asadizaker M, Zarea K, Irajpour A, Ahmadi F, Rokhafroz D. Experiences and attitudes of clinical and academic nurses about infection prevention and control nursing curriculum and duties - a qualitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:672. [PMID: 38886696 PMCID: PMC11184893 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious diseases are becoming more widespread and re-emerging, causing psychological, social, economic, and health effects at both national and international levels. Specialist nurses can help prevent and control these infections. However, in Iran, there are currently no specialist infection prevention and control (IPC) nurses to manage and control infections. This study aims to explore clinical and academic nurses' attitudes toward IPC nursing curriculum and duties. METHODS The study used a qualitative content analysis approach. Thirty-six participants, including clinical and academic nurses, were selected using a purposeful sampling method. Data was collected through seven focused group discussions. The accuracy and validity of the research tools were measured using the Four-Dimension Criteria developed by Lincoln and Guba. Data analysis was conducted using directed content analysis. RESULTS The data analysis of the discussions held in the seven focus groups extracted 628 codes. Three themes were developed from the qualitative analysis: "Core characteristics of the curriculum", "Expected competencies and skills", and "Evaluation." These themes were derived from nine main categories and 25 subcategories. CONCLUSIONS Specialist IPC nurses can play important roles in various positions and environments. Therefore, educational policymakers in Iran should consider establishing IPC nursing courses. It is also recommended that policymakers and decision-makers in the nursing field of other less developed countries should prioritize this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gorjian
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Asadizaker
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Zarea
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Irajpour
- Nursing & Midwifery Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Infection and Tropical Disease Research Center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Dariush Rokhafroz
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ülgüt R, Tomsic I, Chaberny IF, von Lengerke T. Human resource management to assist infection prevention and control professionals: a scoping review. J Hosp Infect 2024; 148:145-154. [PMID: 38679391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals are key intermediaries between hospital managers and frontline staff. During the novel coronavirus disease pandemic, IPC professionals faced new challenges. Unfortunately, research on human resource management (HRM) to support IPC during and between pandemics is lacking. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to elucidate the existing knowledge on HRM measures in this context and thus contribute to the pandemic preparedness of healthcare facilities. It was conducted as part of the "PREparedness and PAndemic REsponse in Germany (PREPARED)" project within the Network University Medicine (NUM), using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. PubMed was searched without time restriction until 2023 (filter: English, German). Two reviewers assessed titles/abstracts and full texts, respectively. A total of nine publications were included, eight of which were published in the USA. All publications reported survey data (quantitative: six). Measures targeting personnel development and the qualification of IPC personnel were reported in six studies, i.e., almost two-thirds of the studies, of which five focused on the tasks of IPC professionals. In contrast, management of personnel costs and remuneration systems were reported less frequently (three studies), and only regarding issues around retention, compensation and dismissal. In conclusion, research gaps include trials on implementation and effectiveness of HRM for IPC. Given the increasing shortage of IPC professionals, HRM measures during and between pandemics become more important for establishing pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ülgüt
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover, Germany
| | - I Tomsic
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover, Germany
| | - I F Chaberny
- Leipzig University Hospital, Institute of Hygiene, Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Leipzig, Germany; Christian-Albrecht University of Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Institute of Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Hygiene, Kiel, Germany
| | - T von Lengerke
- Hannover Medical School, Department of Medical Psychology, Hannover, Germany.
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Wang X, Li S, Huo D, Wang S, Wang W, He H, Zhang Q, Li J, Wang X. Healthcare associated infection management in 62 intensive care units for patients with congenital heart disease in China, a survey study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:01279778-990000000-01027. [PMID: 38320095 PMCID: PMC11020057 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) receive postoperative management in ICUs. Infection prevention and control (IPC) has a significant impact on prognosis. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the fundamental aspects of IPC in ICUs following CHD surgery in China. METHODS From September to October 2023, we initiated a survey on HAI management in hospitals that perform CHD surgeries independently. The questionnaires were jointly completed by the ICU physicians and IPC personnel. Duplicate or unqualified questionnaires were excluded from the study. The contents of our questionnaires covered hospital and ICU capacity, performance of the infection control department, HAI surveillance, implementation of IPC measures, and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Qualified questionnaires were compared according to the volume of annual CHD surgeries performed in different ICUs. Group 1 was defined as volume > 300 cases and group 2 was defined as volume ≤300 cases. RESULTS 62 of the 118 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 53%. The CHD surgical volume in 2022 of the 62 hospitals was 36342, accounting for 52% of the annual CHD surgical volume (69672) across the country. The postoperative infection rates obtained from the 15 ICUs varied from 1.3% to 15%, with a median rate of 4.5%. A total of 16 ICUs provided data on drug-resistant bacteria, Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibiting the highest frequency. More than 95% of ICUs have established complete HAI management systems. Information-based HAI surveillance was conducted in 89% of ICUs. Approximately 67% of ICUs stopped prophylactic antibiotics within 48 hours after surgery. In complex cases, carbapenems were administered empirically in 89% of ICUs. Group 1 had an advantage over group 2 in preventing multidrug-resistant organisms (all instruments should be used alone 100% vs. 86%, P=0.047; cleaning and disinfection of environmental surfaces, 100% vs. 81%, P=0.035; antibiotic consumption control 85% vs. 61%, P=0.044) and in preventing surgical site infections (perioperative blood glucose monitoring, 88% vs. 67%, P=0.048). However, Group 1 did not perform well in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infection (delayed catheter removal due to convenience of laboratory tests, 31% vs. 6%, P=0.021) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (delayed catheter removal due to muscle relaxant administration, 88% vs. 58%, P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS A relatively complete HAI management system has been established throughout the country in ICUs for CHD patients. Information-based surveillance of HAI needs to be promoted, and actions should be taken to facilitate the implementation of IPC measures and AMS bundles. Training and feedback are critical for implementing IPC measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Infection Control, Peking University First Hospital
| | - Da Huo
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Hongxia He
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jiantao Li
- Department of Infection Control, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
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Wang L, Zhang D, Liu J, Tang Y, Zhou Q, Lai X, Zheng F, Wang Q, Zhang X, Cheng J. The mediating role of incentives in association between leadership attention and self-perceived continuous improvement in infection prevention and control among medical staff: A cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:984847. [PMID: 36844830 PMCID: PMC9947710 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.984847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Promoting improvement in Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is an important part of improving the quality of care. The influence of leadership attention and incentives on the self-perceived continuous improvement in IPC has drawn a lot of attention, but relevant academic research is still lacking. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of leadership attention on self-perceived continuous improvement in IPC among medical staff and its underlying mechanisms. Method The 3,512 medical staff from 239 health facilities in Hubei, China, were surveyed online during September 2020. Data on leadership attention, incentives, and improvement in Infection Prevention and Control were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between leadership attention, incentives, and improvement in Infection Prevention and Control. Amos 24.0 was used to analyze the mediating role. Results The scores of leadership attention, incentives and self-perceived continuous improvement in Infection Prevention and Control were all high. The score of leadership attention was the highest (4.67 ± 0.59), followed by self-perceived continuous improvement (4.62 ± 0.59) and incentives in Infection Prevention and Control (4.12 ± 0.83). Leadership attention positively affected self-perceived continuous improvement in Infection Prevention and Control (β = 0.85, 95% CI = [0.83, 0.87]). Moreover, incentives partially mediated the effect of leadership attention on self-perceived continuous improvement in Infection Prevention and Control among medical staff (β = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.15]). Conclusion Leadership attention positively affects self-perceived continuous improvement in Infection Prevention and Control among medical staff, and incentives mediates this relationship. The present study has valuable implications for self-perceived continuous improvement in Infection Prevention and Control from the perspective of leadership attention and incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Human Resource Office, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoquan Lai
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feiyang Zheng
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianning Wang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Xinping Zhang ✉
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Jing Cheng ✉
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Kimani D, Ndegwa L, Njeru M, Wesangula E, Mboya F, Macharia C, Oliech J, Weyenga H, Owiso G, Irungu K, Luvsansharav UO, Herman-Roloff A. Adopting World Health Organization Multimodal Infection Prevention and Control Strategies to Respond to COVID-19, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:S247-S254. [PMID: 36502468 DOI: 10.3201/eid2813.212617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization advocates a multimodal approach to improving infection prevention and control (IPC) measures, which Kenya adopted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Kenya Ministry of Health formed a national IPC committee for policy and technical leadership, coordination, communication, and training. During March-November 2020, a total of 69,892 of 121,500 (57.5%) healthcare workers were trained on IPC. Facility readiness assessments were conducted in 777 health facilities using a standard tool assessing 16 domains. A mean score was calculated for each domain across all facilities. Only 3 domains met the minimum threshold of 80%. The Ministry of Health maintained a national list of all laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. By December 2020, a total of 3,039 healthcare workers were confirmed to be SARS-CoV-2-positive, an infection rate (56/100,000 workers) 12 times higher than in the general population. Facility assessments and healthcare workers' infection data provided information to guide IPC improvements.
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Abbas S, Sultan F. Infection control practices and challenges in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cross-sectional study. J Infect Prev 2021; 22:205-211. [PMID: 34659458 DOI: 10.1177/17571774211012761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities during outbreaks hinges on a prompt infection prevention and control response. Physicians leading these programmes have encountered numerous obstacles during the pandemic. Aim/objective The aim of this study was to evaluate infection prevention and control practices and explore the challenges in Pakistan during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study and administered a survey to physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes at 18 hospitals in Pakistan. Results All participants implemented universal masking, limited the intake of patients and designated separate triage areas, wards and intensive care units for coronavirus disease 2019 patients at their hospitals. Eleven (61%) physicians reported personal protective equipment shortages. Staff at three (17%) hospitals worked without the appropriate personal protective equipment due to limited supplies. All participants felt overworked and 17 (94%) reported stress. Physicians identified the lack of negative pressure rooms, fear and anxiety among hospital staff, rapidly evolving guidelines, personal protective equipment shortages and opposition from hospital staff regarding the choice of recommended personal protective equipment as major challenges during the pandemic. Discussion The results of this study highlight the challenges faced by physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes in Pakistan. It is essential to support infection prevention and control personnel and bridge the identified gaps to ensure patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Sultan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kopsidas
- From the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Madeline Collins
- From the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Athens, Greece
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- From the Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research, Athens, Greece
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Sotomayor-Castillo C, Nahidi S, Li C, Macbeth D, Russo PL, Mitchell BG, Cruickshank M, Sorrell T, Gilroy N, Ferguson P, Watts MR, Shaban RZ. Infection control professionals' and infectious diseases physicians' knowledge, preparedness, and experiences of managing COVID-19 in Australian healthcare settings. Infect Dis Health 2021; 26:249-257. [PMID: 34266812 PMCID: PMC8162823 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has placed unprecedented demands on infection control professionals (ICPs) and infectious disease (ID) physicians. This study examined their knowledge, preparedness, and experiences managing COVID-19 in the Australian healthcare settings. METHODS A cross-sectional study of ICPs and ID physician members of the Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control (ACIPC) and the Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases (ASID) was conducted using an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise and report data. RESULTS A total of 103 survey responses were included in the analysis for ICPs and 45 for ID physicians. A majority of ICPs (78.7%) and ID physicians (77.8%) indicated having 'very good' or 'good' level of knowledge of COVID-19. Almost all ICPs (94.2%) relied on state or territory's department of health websites to source up-to-date information While most ID physicians (84.4%) used scientific literature and journals. A majority of ICPs (96%) and ID physicians (73.3%) reported feeling 'moderately prepared' or 'extremely prepared' for managing COVID-19. Most respondents had received specific training about COVID-19 within their workplace (ICPs: 75%; ID physicians: 66.7%), particularly training/certification in PPE use, which made them feel 'mostly or entirely confident' in using it. Most ICPs (84.5%) and ID physicians (76.2%) reported having 'considerably' or 'moderately more' work added to their daily duties. Their biggest concerns included the uncertainties under a rapidly changing landscape, PPE availability, and the community's compliance. CONCLUSION Harmonised information, specific COVID-19 training and education, and adequate support for front-line workers are key to successfully managing COVID-19 and other future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sotomayor-Castillo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Shizar Nahidi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Cecilia Li
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Deborough Macbeth
- Infection Control Department, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Philip L Russo
- Department of Nursing Research, Cabrini Institute, VIC, 3144, Australia; Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brett G Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, Newcastle University, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Marilyn Cruickshank
- Nursing Research Unit, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia; Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Tania Sorrell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health Services, Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Nicole Gilroy
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Patricia Ferguson
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Matthew R Watts
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ramon Z Shaban
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Division of Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health, Westmead Hospital & Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia; New South Wales Biocontainment Centre, Western Sydney Local Health District and NSW Health, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Tsioutis C, Birgand G, Bathoorn E, Deptula A, ten Horn L, Castro-Sánchez E, Săndulescu O, Widmer AF, Tsakris A, Pieve G, Tacconelli E, Mutters NT. Education and training programmes for infection prevention and control professionals: mapping the current opportunities and local needs in European countries. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:183. [PMID: 33168085 PMCID: PMC7652580 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have repeatedly highlighted the need for homogenisation of training content and opportunities in infection prevention and control (IPC) across European countries. OBJECTIVES To map current training opportunities for IPC professionals, define local needs and highlight differences, across 11 European countries (Cyprus, France, England, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland). SOURCES From July 2018 to February 2019, IPC experts directly involved in IPC training and education in their countries and/or internationally were invited to complete a prespecified set of questions in order to provide a detailed description of IPC training opportunities and needs in their country. CONCLUSIONS IPC training among nurses and doctors varies greatly across countries, with differences in content and type of training (e.g., standardised curriculum, educational programme, clinical experience) duration, as well as in assessment and recognition/accreditation. The observed heterogeneity in IPC training between European countries can be eliminated through establishment of interdisciplinary region-wide training programmes, with common learning objectives, shared know-how and supported by national and international professional bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Tsioutis
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- European Committee On Infection Control (EUCIC), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Birgand
- European Committee On Infection Control (EUCIC), Basel, Switzerland
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Erik Bathoorn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksander Deptula
- Department of Propaedeutics of Medicine and Infection Prevention, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Control Unit, Antoni Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lenny ten Horn
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Castro-Sánchez
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary’s Road, London, UK
| | - Oana Săndulescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș”, No. 1 Dr. Calistrat Grozovici Street, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreas F. Widmer
- Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- European Committee On Infection Control (EUCIC), Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Giulio Pieve
- Clinical management staff, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- European Committee On Infection Control (EUCIC), Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Nico T. Mutters
- European Committee On Infection Control (EUCIC), Basel, Switzerland
- Institute for Hygiene and Public Health, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Yang MC, Hung PP, Wu YK, Peng MY, Chao YC, Su WL. A three-generation family cluster with COVID-19 infection: should quarantine be prolonged? Public Health 2020; 185:31-33. [PMID: 32526560 PMCID: PMC7260523 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Families are a transmission route for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of the close contact. Monitoring of the viral load will be a valuable method to reduce the optimal number of quarantine days, especially in presymptomatic and symptomatic carriers of their households. The traditional three-generation families living together are seen frequently in East Asia, including in Taiwan. STUDY DESIGN We report on a family cluster with six individuals infected with coronavirus disease in Taiwan. METHODS The current public policy in Taiwan is quarantine for at least 14 days, based on the incubation period, or until the patient has tested negative three days in a row using the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Details on the onset date of clinical symptoms, throat swab conversion, and course of disease were collected from medical records retrospectively. RESULTS In the household of this three-generation Taiwanese family, the infection rate was 60%. The ratio of males to females was 4:2, and the age range was 11-85 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic disease was 33.3% (2/6). The longest throat swab conversion time was 37 days, and the estimated course of disease from symptoms to first conversion of throat swab was 59 days. CONCLUSIONS Large families, including three-generation families in a single dwelling, should be monitored when the index case is found. Presymptomatic and symptomatic family members could be quarantined for an appropriate duration which, in our experience, is 2 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - P-P Hung
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-K Wu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - M-Y Peng
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Chao
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - W-L Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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